Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Clase Semana 2 Serie de Fourier 2020 PDF
Clase Semana 2 Serie de Fourier 2020 PDF
1 Series de Fourier
Propiedades de funciones
Función exponencial compleja
Variable muda
Integral por partes
Definicion
Calculo de coeficientes
Aplicaciones
Escalamiento en el tiempo
Reflexión
et e−t
x
Corrimiento en la variable
et et−1 e1−t
x
x(t) = Ceat
C = |C|ejφ a = σ + jω
Si σ = 0
x(t) = A cos(ωt + φ)
x(t) = A sen (ωt + φ) = A cos(ωt + φ + π/2)
Si σ < 0
x
Si σ > 0
x
Variable muda:
Sea una integral cualquiera:
4
t4 4
Z
3
t dt = = 64
0 4 0
Integramos de a hasta b:
Zb Zb Zb
d(f (t)g(t)) = df (t) · g(t) + f (t) · dg(t)
a a a
b Z b Zb
f (t)g(t) = g(t)df (t) + f (t)dg(t)
a
a a
Zb b Zb
g(t)df (t) = f (t)g(t) − f (t)dg(t)
a
a a
d cos(Ct)
sen (Ct)dt = −
C
d sen (Ct)
cos(Ct)dt =
C
deCt
eCt dt =
C
dt
dtn = ntn−1 dt d ln(Ct) =
t
tn+1
tn dt =
n+1
dt
= d ln(Ct)
t
π
5π 9π 13π
sen = sen = sen = sen = ... = 1
2 2 2 2
3π 7π 11π 15π
sen = sen = sen = sen = ... = −1
2 2 2 2
π(2k + 1)
sen = (−1)k
2
Series de Fourier
f (t + T ) = f (t)
m 6= n
tZ
0 +T
2π m t 2π n t
sen sen dt =
T T
t0
tZ
0 +T
1 2π (m − n) t 2π (m + n) t
cos − cos dt =
2 T T
t0
2π (m − n) t 2π (m + n) t
1 sen T
sen
T
t0 +T
− =0
2 2π (m − n) 2π (m + n)
t0
T T
m=n
tZ
0 +T tZ
0 +T 2
2π n t 2π n t 2π n t
sen sen dt = sen dt =
T T T
t0 t0
tZ
0 +T
1 4π n t
1 − cos dt =
2 T
t0
4π n t
1 sen t0 +T
T
t − T
=
2 4π n t 2
0
T
tZ
0 +T ( T
2π m t 2π n t n=m
sen sen dt = 2
T T 0 n 6= m
t0
tZ
0 +T ( T
2π m t 2π n t n=m
cos cos dt = 2
T T 0 n 6= m
t0
tZ
0 +T
2π m t 2π n t
cos sen dt = 0
T T
t0
Solución
∞
a0 X
f (t) = + (an cos (2π n t) + bn sen (2π n t))
2
n=1
Z1
t2 1
2
a0 = tdt = 2 = 1
1 2 0
0
Z1
2
an = t cos (2π n t) dt
1
0
Z1
d sen (2π n t)
=2 t
2πn
0
1 Z1
1
= t sen (2π n t) − sen (2π n t)dt
πn 0
0
=0
Z1
2
bn = t sen (2π n t) dt
1
0
Z1
d cos(2π n t)
= −2 t
2πn
0
1 Z1
1
=− t cos(2π n t) − cos(2π n t)dt
πn 0
0
cos(2π n)
=−
πn
1
=−
πn
∞
1 X sen (2π n t)
f (t) = −
2 πn
n=1
f (t) = t −1<t<1 T =2
Solución
∞
a0 X
f (t) = + (an cos (π n t) + bn sen (π n t))
2
n=1
Z1
t2 1
2
a0 = tdt = 2 = 0
2 2 0
−1
Z1
2
an = t cos (π n t) dt
2
−1
=0
Z1
2
bn = t sen (π n t) dt
2
−1
Z1
= t sen (π n t) dt
−1
Z1
=2 t sen (π n t) dt
0
Z1 Z1
d cos(π n t)
t sen (π n t) dt = t
πn
0 0
1 Z1
1
=− t cos(π n t) − cos(π n t)dt
πn 0
0
!
1 sen (π n t) 1
=− cos(π n) −
πn πn
0
(−1)n
=−
πn
∞
X (−1)n sen (π n t)
f (t) = −2
πn
n=1
f (t) = t2 −π <t<π T = 2π
Solución
∞
a0 X
f (t) = + (an cos (n t) + bn sen (n t))
2
n=1
Zπ Zπ
2 t3 1 2π 2
2 2 2 2
a0 = t dt = t dt = =
2π π π 3 0 3
−π 0
bn = 0
Zπ
2
an = t2 cos (n t) dt
2π
−π
Zπ
1
= t2 cos (n t) dt
π
−π
Zπ
2
= t2 cos (n t) dt
π
0
Zπ Zπ
d sen (n t)
t2 cos (n t) dt = t2
n
0 0
Zπ
π
1
= − t2 sen (n t) − 2 t sen (n t)dt
n 0
0
Zπ
2 d cos(n t)
= t
n n
0
π Zπ
2
= 2 t cos(n t) − cos(n t)dt
n 0
0
2(−1)n
=
n2
∞
π2 X (−1)n cos(n t)
f (t) = +4
3 n2
n=1
Solución
∞
a0 X
f (t) = + (an cos (n t) + bn sen (n t))
2
n=1
Z2π Z2π
2 1 1
a0 = f (t)dt = dt = π=1
2π π π
0 π
Z2π
2
an = f (t) cos (n t) dt
2π
0
Z2π
1
= cos (n t) dt
π
π
2π
1
= sen (n t)
πn π
=0
Z2π
2
bn = f (t) sen (n t) dt
2π
0
Z2π
1
= sen (n t) dt
π
π
2π
−1
= cos (n t)
πn π
−1
= (cos (n 2π) − cos (n π))
πn
(1 − (−1)n )
=−
πn
1 − (−1)2k
b2k = − =0
πn
1 − (−1)2k+1
2
b2k+1 =− =−
π(2k + 1) π(2k + 1)
∞
1 2 X sen ((2k + 1) t)
f (t) = −
2 π 2k + 1
k=0
∞
X 2π n t 2π n t
f (t) = a0 + an cos + bn sen
T T
n=1
X∞
= a0 + (an cos nω0 t + bn sen nω0 t)
n=1
X∞ p
= a0 + a2n + b2n cos (nω0 t + ϕn )
n=1
∞ p
X
= a2n + b2n cos (nω0 t + ϕn )
n=0
an −bn
cos ϕn = p sen ϕn = p b0 = 0
an + b2n
2 a2n + b2n
tZ
0 +T tZ
0 +T ∞
X
−imω0 t
f (t)e dt = cn einω0 t e−jmω0 dt
t0 t0 n=−∞
∞ tZ
0 +T
X
= cn ei(n−m)ω0 t dt
n=−∞ t0
Para n 6= m
tZ
0 +T
t +T
e i(n−m)ω0 t 0
ei(n−m)ω0 t dt =
i(n − m)ω0
t0 t0
ei(n−m)ω0 T = ei(n−m)2π = 1
tZ
0 +T
ei(n−m)ω0 t dt = 0
t0
Para n = m
tZ
0 +T tZ
0 +T
i(n−n)ω0 t
e dt = dt = T
t0 t0
tZ
0 +T
i(n−m)ω0 t T n=m
e dt =
0 n 6= m
t0
tZ
0 +T ∞ tZ
0 +T
X
f (t)e−imω0 t dt = cn ei(n−m)ω0 t dt
t0 n=−∞ t0
∞
X T n=m
= cn
0 n 6= m
n=−∞
X∞
= cn δm−n T
n=−∞
= cm T
tZ
0 +T
1
cm = f (t)e−imω0 t dt
T
t0
donde:
yh (t) = Ce−at
aA + ωB = x0
−ωA + aB = 0
ax0 ωx0
A= B=
a2+ ω2 a2 + ω2
ax0 ωx0
yp (t) = cos ωt + 2 sen ωt
a2 +ω 2 a + ω2
ax0 ωx0
y(t) = Ce−at + cos ωt + 2 sen ωt
a2 + ω 2 a + ω2
ax0
y(0) = C + 2 =0
a + ω2
ax0
C=− 2
a + ω2
ax0 −at
ωx0
y(t) = 2 cos ωt − e + 2 sen ωt
a + ω2 a + ω2
Para t >> 1
ax0 ωx0
y(t) = cos ωt + 2 sen ωt
a2 +ω 2 a + ω2
Se puede introducir una nueva variable:
a ω
cos φ = √ sen φ = − √
a2 + ω2 a2
+ ω2
x0
y(t) = √ (cos φ cos ωt − sen φ sen ωt)
a + ω2
2
x0
=√ cos (ωt + φ)
a + ω2
2
x0 cos ωt = Re x0 ejωt
y(t) = Re(yc (t))
dyc (t)
+ ayc (t) = x0 ejωt
dt
dyc (t)
yc (t) = Aejωt = jAωejωt
dt
jAωejωt + aAejωt = x0 ejωt
A(a + jω) = x0
x0
A=
a + jω
x0
A= √ e−jφ
a + ω2
2
x0 ω
|A| = √ φ = − arctan
a2 + ω 2 a
dy(t)
+ ay(t) = a1 cos ω1 t + a2 cos ω2 t
dt
a1 a
y(t) = p cos (ω 1 t + φ 1 ) + p 2 cos (ω2 t + φ2 )
a2 + ω12 a2 + ω22
ω1 ω2
φ1 = − arctan φ2 = − arctan
a a
a1 a2
A1 = A2 =
a + jω1 a + jω2
N
dy(t) X
+ ay(t) = ak cos ωk t
dt
k=1
N
X ak
y(t) = q cos (ωk t + φk )
k=1 a2 + ωk2
ωk
φk = − arctan
a
ak
Ak =
a + jωk