DRAFT

ALPHABETS PRONUNCIATION
A (ei) B(bi) C(ci) D(di) E(i) F(ef) H(eich) I(ai) J(llei) K(quei) L(el)
M(em) N(en) O(ou) P(pi) Q(quiu) R(ar) S(es) T(ti) U(yu) V( vi)
W(dobliu) X(ex) Y(guay) Z(zzzzi)
VOWELS
A E I O U
HOW DO YOU SPELL YOUR NAME?
SPELL (deletrear)
YOUR NAME (tu nombre)
LAST NAME (apellido)
NICKNAME (apodo)
G-A-B-R-I-E-L-A / R-I-O-F-R-I-O / G-A-B-Y

CARDINAL NUMBERS
CARDINAL
1 ONE 11 ELEVEN 30 THIRTY

2 TWO 12 TWELVE 40 FORTY

3 THREE 13 THIRTEEN 50 FIFTY

4 FOUR 14 FOURTEEN 60 SIXTY

5 FIVE 15 FIFTEEN 70 SEVENTY

6 SIX 16 SIXTEEN 80 EIGHTY

7 SEVEN 17 SEVENTEEN 90 NINETY

8 EIGHT 18 EIGHTEEN 100 ONE HUNDRED

9 NINE 19 NINETEEN 200 TWO HUNDRED

10 TEN 20 TWENTY 600 SIX HUNDRED

800 EIGHT HUNDRED

1000 ONE THOUSAND

PREPOSITION'S

EXAMPLES
PLACE (Lugar)

IN = INSIDE (adentro)

USAGE (uso)
MONTHS OF THE YEAR (meses del año)
JANUARY (ENERO) FEBRUARY (FEBRERO) MARCH (MARZO) APRIL (ABRIL) MAY (MAYO) JUNE
(JUNIO) JULY (JULIO) AUGUST (AGOSTO) SEPTEMBER (SEPTIEMBRE) OCTOBER (OCTUBRE)
NOVEMBER (NOVIEMBRE) DECEMBER (DICIEMBRE)

SEASONS OF THE YEAR (estaciones del año)

SPRING(primavera) SUMMER(verano) FALL(otoño) WINTER(invierno)

YEARS (años)
2015 2016 2017 etc.

PARTS OF THE HOUSE (partes de la casa)

LIVING ROOM (sala) KITCHEN(cocina) BATHROOM(baño) BEDROOM(dormitorio) DINING
ROOM(comedor)

PARTS OF A DAY (partes del dia)

MORNING (en la mañana) AFTERNOON (en la tarde) EVENING (en la noche)

EXERCISES
Right on the corner there is a book store - (Justo en la esquina esta la libreria)

Across the street is the drug store - (cruzando esta la farmacia)

There tv is on the desk - (la tele esta sobre el escritorio)

There pens are in the drawer - (las plumas estan en el cajon)

There bed is in the bedroom - (la cama esta en el dormitorio)

There stove is in the kitchen - (la estufa esta en la cocina)

ARTCLES
Definite. Siempre algo específico.

The > el, la, los, las always something specific

The supermarket, the university, the laptop.

Indefinite (indefinido)

A.- un, una, uno before a consonant (antes de contaste)

A car, a horse (un caballo), a bike (una bicicleta)

An.- un, uno, una before (antes de), a vowel (antes de vocal)

An Apple (una manzana), an umbrella (unos paraguas)

An ant (una hormiga), an hour (una hora)

BE (SER O ESTAR)
BE > ser o estar adjectives

AM, IS, ARE

Pp. personal pronouns

I am (soy o estoy)

You are (eres o estas)

He is (es o esta)

She is (es o esta)

It is (es o esta)

We are (somos o estamos)

You are (son o están)

They are (son o estan)

EXERCISES
There is only one chance in this class

There are two hundred people in this film

There was a window open

There was my phone in the bag

there were many computers

There will be rain tomorrow

There is a car in the park

there were people in the house

There will be friends in the park

There is a computer in the house

There was a fight in the comer

There will be a game

CONJUGATION TO BE

FORMA LARGA CONTRACCION: PRONOMBRE + VERBO BE

PRONOMBRE VERBO BE PRONOMBRE + VERBO BE

I Am I'm
YOU Are You're
HE Is He's
SHE Is She's
IT Is It's
WE Are We're
YOU Are You're
THEY Are They're

EXERCISES
1. She is in the house

2. The dog and the cat are in the garden

3. The woman is behind a tree

4. I am kevin

5. Carol and I are friends

6. It is black

7. My mane is Bob

8. They are nice girts

9. The children are in the shop

10. He is a teacher

11. We are hungry

12. Mrs. Dixon is funny and nice

13. I am twelve years’ old

14. Jim and Cathy are at school

15. The elephants are tired

EXERCISES
PRONOUN + BE ARTICLE COMPLEMENT
I'am A Doctor
You're A Teacher
He's An Engineer
She's An Nurse
It's An Nice
We're A Tall
You're A Clean
They're A Beautiful

THERE IS, THERE ARE

There is > hay singular para no contables. Se usa normalmente con los artículos “a” y “an”
contable chair, table, Windows, door, tv, book.

Bread= pan meat=carne salt= sal sugar= azúcar

There is car, there is an apple, there is an umbrella

Pregunta. - Is there a bank? Is there a coffee shop around?

There is not. - there isn't: no there isn't any bank

There are. - hay plural para contables

There are banks, there are libraries, there are stores

Are there stores? Are there banks?

There aren't. – negativa, there aren't any banks

Some (algo) something (alguna cosa) somebody (alguien) nobody (nadie) anybody (alguien en
pregunta) anything (cualquier cosa)

EXAMPLES
There is book on the table, there are beers in this the fridge
Is there an eraser in the drawer? are there shoes in the closet? There isn't glass in the kitchen.

There is car on the street, there are apples in the box

There is not a doctor around, are there shoes in the box?

There is an ipod in my bag. There are ten students absent today

There isn't a lap on the desk

There is a firescape in the building, there are three books on the desk

There isn't anyone at home, are there two books on the desk?

THERE WAS (habia) SINGULAR THERE WERE (habian) PLURAL

THERE WILL BE (Habra)

There was a woman in the house (habia una mujer en la casa)

There were firemen in the street (habia bomberos en la calle)

There will be a concert tomorrow (Habra un concierto mañana)

THERE WAS- THERE WERE- THERE WILL BE

There was pasado singular HUBO habia there is hay singular

There were pasado plural HABIAN there are hay plural

There will be futuro HABRÁ

There was a teacher in my class there were students in the class pasado

There will be a teacher in the class there will be students in the class futuro

There is a teacher in the class there are students in the class presente

SINGULAR PLURAL

Present there is a doctor in the hospital there are doctors in the hospital

Past there was a boy in the park there were boys in the park

Future there will be a policeman in the street there will be a lot of fish

Present there is a fireman in the station there are firemen in the stadium

Past there was a boy in the river there were boys in the river

Future there will be a concert in the park there will be children in the park
EXERCISES

DEMONSTRATIVES BE AM, IS, ARE NEGATIVE COMPLEMENT

This Is not a chair

That Is not a book

These are not chairs

Those are not books

THERE BE, PAST, NEGATIVE ARTICLE COMPLEMENT

there Is not a window

There are not spoons

there was not a pencil

there were not toys

There was not an architect

there were not students

 WH QUESTION WORDS
PALBRAS DE PREGUNTAS

EXERCISES
1. Why are you so angry? Because I haven't won the money.

2. Who is that boy over there? That's Simon Suarez

3. How old is his cat? 6 weeks, I think.

4. Whose book is this? It's Nelly's

5. What time did the film begin? At 7.30

6. Where does Mr. Olson Live? He lives in Amazonas Avenue

7. How is the weather like in Chicago? It's cold and windy

8. How much were the ski boots? They were 380 dollars

9. How did Jack feel? He feels ok

10. What do you usually have for breakfast? I usually have toast and coffee
11. Can Stacy speak French? I think Stacy can

12. Who pullover is that? It's Frank's

13. What time does your mother get up? At 7

14. Where is Mr. Jackson? he's a dent

EXERCISES
WH QUESTION WORDS / PALABRAS DE PREGUNTAS

WHAT – QUE what is your name? What is this? Que es esto?

WHERE – DONDE Where are you? Donde estas tu?

WHICH- CUAL Which is new? Cual es nuevo?

WHEN- CUANDO When is the test? ¿Cuándo es la prueba?

WHO- QUIEN Who is she? ¿Quién es ella?

WHOSE- DE QUIEN Whose book is this? ¿de quién es este libro?

WHY- PORQUE Why are you late? Porque esta tarde

HOW- COMO How are you? ¿Cómo está tu?

Where are you from? ¿De dónde es usted? How old are you? Que edad tienes tu?

Who is your brother? Quien es tu hermano?

DEMOSTRATIVES
DEMOSTRATIVE PRONOUNS / PRONOMBRES DEMOSTRATIVOS

NEAR(CERCA) FAR(LEJOS)

IS/A/AN

SINGULAR THIS (ESTO, ESTA) THAT(ESO,ESA,AQUEL,AQUELLO/A)

PLURAL THESE (ESTOS, ESTAS) THOSE(ESOS, ESAS, AQUELLOS/AS)

ARE

What is this? ¿Qué es esto? That is pen (eso es una pluma)

What are these? ¿Que son estos? Those are markers (esos son marcadores)

Which is back? This is black Those are summer shoes

What is small? What is the big one? ¿Cuál es el más grande?

What movie do you like? Que pelicula te gusta? Those cars are beautiful
Which one is the best? That car is very fast ese carro es muy rapido

Which car is black? That car is black

EXERCISES DEMONSTRATIVES
Is this black? Yes, that is black No, that is not black

Are these boys? Yes, those are boys No, those are not boys

Is this an apple? Yes, that is an apple No, that isn't an apple

Are these electric cars? Yes, those are electric cars No, those aren't electric

Is this house beautiful? Yes, that house is beautiful No, that house isn't beautiful

Are these houses beautiful? Yes, those are beautiful No, those aren't beautiful

Is this a river? Yes, that is river No, that isn't a river

Are these pencils? Yes, those are penceils No, those aren't pencils

Is this a mouse? Yes, that is a mouse No, that isn't a mouse

Are the se boxes? Yes, those are boxes No, those aren't boxes

REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS

Do not-- don´t para el
presente para los
pronombres:
I, you, we, they

Does not-- doesn´t para

presente en terceras
personas: he, she, it

Did not-- didn´t para el

pasado todos los
pronombres

Will not--- won´t para el

futro, todos los
pronombres
 IRREGULAR VERBS

PRESENTE PASADO FUTURO

I do not I did not I will not
You do not You did not You will not
He does not He did not He will not
She does not She did not She will not
It does not It did not It will not
We do not We did not We will not
You do not You did not You will not
They do not They did not They will not

PRESENTE PASADO FUTURO

I don't I didn't I won't

You don't You didn't You won't

He doesn't He didn't He won't

She doesn't She didn't She won't

It doesn't It didn't It won't

We don't We didn't We won't

You don't You didn't You won't

They don't They didn't They won't

 AUXILIAR PRONOUN VERB ARTICLE COMPLEMENT ?

Do you like an Apple ?

Does she play the piano ?

Does he dance a merengue ?

Do we learn a song ?

Do you sing a song ?

Does she wash the dishes ?

Does he run the track ?

Do they paint a picture ?

Do You bet a dollar ?

GRAMATICAL ESTRUCTURE FOR ANSWERS

La pregunta tiene dos opciones de contestar: las afirmativas (yes) y las negativas(no). Las
preguntas específicas se deben contestar de acuerdo a la palabra de pregunta o wh.

Como regla podemos decir si una pregunta es en presente se debe contestar en el presente, si es
en pasado se debe de contestar en pasado y si la pregunta es en futuro se contestar en futuro.

EXAMPLES
Do you speak English? Yes, speak English / No, I don't speak English

Did he dance hip hop? Yes, he danced hip hop / No, he didn't dance hip hop

Will she dance with me? Yes, she will dance with me / No, she won't dance with me.
 SIMPLE PRESENT ROUTINE
DO- I-YOU-WE THEY

DOES- HE, SHE, IT

INTERROGATIVE

DO-DOES+PP+V+C?

Do you speak English? habla usted ingles?

Does he run in the park? ¿corre el en el parque?

Does he wash the dishes? ¿lava en los platos?

Does it rain? ¿llueve?

AFFIRMATIVE

YES, PP+V+C

Yes, I speak English

Yes, he runs in the park

Yes, he washes the dishes

Yes, it rains

THIRD PERSON SIMPLE PRESENT VERB RULES(AFFIRMATIVE)

SIMPLE PRESENT
1-TO MOST VERBS ADD S/ a la mayoría de los verbos se agrega S

RUN RUNS, WORK WORKS

2-IF A VERB ENDS IN Y PRECEDED BY A VOWEL ADD S/ SI un verbo termina en Y precedido de

vocal se agrega S

ENJOY ENJOYS

3-IF A VERB ENDS IN Y PRECEDED BY A CONSONANT, Y CHANGES INTO I AND ADD ES/

Si un verbo termina en Y precedido de una consonante la Y cambia en I y se agrega ES

FRY FRIES, CRY CRIES (llorar)

4-IF A VERB ENDS IN O-X-CH- SH ADD ES/ si el verbo termina en O, X, CH, SH agregar ES

DO DOES, WAX WAXES, encerar/ WATCH WATCHES mirar/ WASH WASHES lavar
NEGATIVE

NO, PP+DO-DOES+NOT +V+C

No, I don’t speak english

No, He doesn’t wash the dishes

No, He doesn’t run in the park

No, it doesn’t rain

How do you recognize a simple present? Se reconoce al presente simple por los adverbios de
frecuencia o expresiones de frecuencia.

FREQUENCY ADVERBS/ adverbios de frecuencia

ALWAYS siempre, USUALLY usualmente, GENERALLY generalmente, OFTEN seguido, SOMETIMES

de repente, ALMOST NEVER casi nunca, NEVER nunca

FREQUENCY EXPRESSIONS expresiones de frecuencia

ONCE una vez, TWICE dos veces, THREE TIMES 3 veces/ a week, a month, a year.

EVERY, every week cada seaman/ every month cada mes/ every year cada año

PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Lo que está pasando en el momento,

BE (am, is, are) + VING .También lo podemos utilizar para indicar FUTURO

INTERROGATIVE

BE+PP+VING+C?

Are you speaking French? Como reconocer este tiempo continuo

Is he dancing hip hop?

Is she washing dishes? EXPRESIONES COMO: SHHHHHH, LISTEN escucha

LOOK mirar, HOW NICE que bonito, HOW UGLY que feo

AFFIRMATIVE

YES, PP+BE+VING+C ENCONTRAMOS EN LA ORACION LAS PALABRAS

YES, I AM SPEAKING FRENCH NOW, ahora TODAY ahora, NOWADAYS, ahora en dia.

YES, HE IS DANCING HIP HOP CURRENTLY actualmente

YES, SHE IS WASHING DISHES

NEGATIVE

NO, PP+BE+NOT+VING+C

No, I am not speaking French

No, He isn’t dancing hip hop

No, She isn’t washing dishes

EXERCISES
Shhhh, the baby--is sleeping--(sleep)

On mondays she—drives--(drive) to school

She usually --goes--(go) to the movies on weekends

In the morning I--take--(take) a bath

Listen, someone is--knocking--(knock) at the door

PAST TENSE

Acción terminada, mas importante las oraciones tienen tiempo Examples

last night (anoche),2 hrs ago (hace dos horas)

5minutes ago, (hace 5 minutos), last month hace un mes, last year hace un año

INTERROGATIVE

DID+PP+V+C?

Did you watch tv last night? (Viste la tv anoche)

AFFIRMATIVE

YES, PP+VPAST+C

Yes, I watched tv last night (si yo vi la tv anoche)

NEGATIVE

NO, PP+DID+NOT+V+C

No, I did not watch tv last night (yo no vi la tv anoche)

EXERCISES
Do you eat meat? Yes, I eat meat no,I don’t eat meat

Does she run in the street? Yes, she runs in the street no, she doesn’t

Do you like broccoli? Yes, I like broccoli no, I don’t like broccoli

Does she sing opera? Yes, she sings opera no, she doesn’t sing opera

Do you want to play soccer? Yes, I want to play soccer, no, I don’t

Does he study English? Yes, he studies English no he ,doesn’t

Do you play video games? Yes, I play video games no, I don’t play video

Does she exercise in the park every day? Yes, she exercises in the park

No, she doesn’t exercise in the park.

Do you run in the street? Yes, I run in the street no, I don’t run in the street

Does she kick the ball? Yes, she kicks the ball no, she doesn’t kick the ball

EXERCISES
Are you playing soccer? Yes, I am playing soccer / No Iam not playing soccer

Are you watching tv? Yes, I am watching tv / No, iam not watching tv

Are you working in the school? Yes, I am working / No, Im not working

Is he playing the guitar? Yes, he is playing the guitar / No, he ISN’T

Are they walking? Yes, they are walking / No, they aren’t walking

Are you listening music? Yes, Iam listening music / No, I am not

Are you reading a book? Yes, I am reading a book / No, Iam not

Is he surfing in the sea? Yes, he is surfing in the sea / No , he isn’t

Is she washing dishes? Yes, she is washing dishes / No,she isn’t

Is she cooking in the house? Yes, she is cooking in the house

Is she dancing in the room? Yes, she is dancing in the room

 FUTURE

Going to (algo seguro que se va hacer)

Interrogative Will (no es seguro que se haga)
Be + Pp + going to + V + C? Interrogative
Will + PP + V + C?
Are you going to go to the movies tonight?
Will you go to the movies tonight?
Is she going to go to play chess? Will she play chess?
Affirmative Affirmative
Yes, + PP+ Will + V + C
Yes, + PP + be +going to + V+ C Yes, I will go to the movies tonight
Yes, I´m going to go to the movies tonight Yes, she will play chess
Yes, she is going to go to play chess Negative
No, + Pp+ Will+ Not+ V + C
Negative No, she won´t go to the movies tonight
No, + PP+ be + NOT + Going to + V + C No, she will not play chess
No, I´m not going to go to the movies tonight wiil+not= won’t

No, she isn´t going to play chess

EXERCISES PAST AND FUTURE WILL, GOING TO

Did you dance last night?

Did he go to the movies yesterday?

Did he study for his English class?

Yes, he studied for his English class

No, he did not study for his English class.

Will she run tomorrow?

Yes, she will run tomorrow

No, she will not run tomorrow will+not= won’t

Are you going to study to be lawyer?

Yes, I am going to study to be a lawyer

No, I am not going to study to be a lawyer

She walked last night

You ran in the park

He ate dinner

Is she going to go to have a piano lesson?

CONTESTACIONES EN FUTURO USANDO EL AUXILIAR WILL

Will she take the bus?

Afirmativa

Contestando con el auxiliar: Yes, she will.

Contestando con el auxiliar y el verbo: Yes, she will .

Negativa

Contestando con el auxiliar: No, she will not .. (con contracción) …. She won´t

Contestando con el auxiliar y el verbo: No, she will not take. (Contraction)

No, She won´t take.

She will take the bus in front of the gas station.

Because she will take a taxi.

 VERBS
VERB VERB + ING

Ask Asking preguntar

Buy Buying comprar

Come Coming venir

Bet Betting apostar

Drive Driving manejar

Forget Forgetting olvidar

Sit Sitting sentarse

Swim Swimming nadar

Write Writting escribir

MODALS
will WOULD
CAN FEASIBLE ABLE,POSSIBILITY could
MAY PERMISSION MIGHT
MUST OBLIGATION HAD TO= necessity
HAVE TO =tener que I,YOU, WE THEY
HAS TO = HE,SHE, IT
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ADVISISBILITY ADVICE consejo SHOULD
I would like to go to the movies , I would like to play soccer
I might go to the party You should study for the test
You must go to the doctor I had to go to the doctor
She has to study for the test I had to wear a hooded jacket
May I close the window? You should visit your mother
He must study in the school she might dance tonight
He should take dancing classes you could write a book
 PRESENT PERFECT
Acción hecha en el pasado y traída a colación ahora

Tiempo que no tiene tiempo

Se reconoce por las siguientes palabras:

For = period de tiempo period of time

Since = desde time action is done

Already = ya, sirve para preguntas y afirmativas

Yet = no todavía, para preguntas y negativas

Lately = últimamente recientemente

Before = antes Ever/never

Tiene dos auxiliares:

have- I – You- We- They

Has- he- she – it

TYPE OF SENTENCE
Interrogative;

Have/has + PP + V Participle + C?

Have you ever gone to Disney? ¿Has ido alguna vez a Disney?

Has he danced hip hop? ha bailado hip hop?

Has she tabellad abroad? ¿Ha viajado ella al extranjero?

Affirmative

Yes, + PP + have/has + V Part + C

Yes, I have gone to Disney yes, I’ve gone to Disney

Yes, he has danced hip hop yes, He’s danced hip hop

Yes, she has travelled abroad yes, she’s travelled abroad

Negative

No, + PP + Have/has + not + V part+ C

No, I have not gone to Disney no, I haven’t gone to Disney

No, he has not danced hip hop no, He hasn’t danced hip hop

No, she hasn’t travelled abroad no, She hasn’t travelled abroad
EXERCISES
Iam afraid I have—lost--(lose) my car keys

I --went--(GO) to bed late last night

I have--done--(DO) this before

My present teacher is Mr Melendez.

I have--studied--(study) with him for 2 weeks

Henry who is now in the hospital, he has—been--(be) there for several weeks

We have--learned--(learn) many new words in this class

They have—made--(make) that same mistake several times

Harvey has--made--(make) and has--lost--(lose) several fortunes

He has--visited--(visit) us many times

We have—finished--(finish) all our homework

It has--rained--(rain) a lot this year

I have—told--(tell) Ed what you said

COMPARATIVES

Un comparativo parte de un adjetivo, si el adjetivo tiene no

más de dos silabas se le agrega er al adjetivo + than
Cuando un adjetivo tiene más de dos silabas se pone la palabra
more + el adjetivo + tan.
EXERCISES

ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVES SUPERLATIVES

Cheap Cheaper than The cheapest

Expensive More expensive than The most expensive

Dirty Dirtier than The dirtiest

Clean Cleaner than The cleanest

Empty Emptier than The emptiest

Full Fuller than The fullest

Narrow Narrower than The narrowest

Wide Wider than The widest

Beautiful / handsome More beautiful than The most beautiful

Ugly Uglier than The ugliest

Good Better than The best

Bad Worse than The worst