Universidad Nacional De Ingeniería

Instituto De Estudios Superiores

UNI-IES

Matemática III
Nivel: II año
Ecuación Diferencial De Cauchy – Euler
Ejercicios Propuestos

Profesor: Ubaldo Gutiérrez.

Nombres: Juan Carlos.

Apellidos: Ampie García.

Nº Carnet: 2017-0664I.

Grupo: 2m1-s.

Turno: Matutino.

Carrera: Ing. Sistemas.

Fecha: 21/05/2018.
I - Ejercicios Propuestos.

Resolver las siguientes Ecuaciones Diferenciales de Cauchy – Euler.

a) x 2 y ' '+3 xy ' +2 y=0

y=x m → y ' =m x m−1 → y ' ' =m ( m−1 ) x m−2

x 2 m ( m−1 ) x m −2 +3 xm x m−1 +2 x m=0

x 2 m ( m−1 ) x m x−2 +3 xm x m x −1 +2 x m=0

x 2 m ( m−1 ) x m x−2 +3 x m x m x−1 +2 x m =0

m ( m−1 ) x m +3 m x m +2 x m=0

( m2−m) x m +3 m x m +2 x m=0

( m2−m) x m +3 m x m +2 x m=0

x m ( m 2−m+ 3 m+2 ) =0

x m ( m 2+2 m+2 )=0

−b ± √ b2−4 ac
x m ≠ 0 y m2+ 2m+2=0 a=1 ,b=2 , c=2 m=
2a

2
−2 ± √ ( 2 ) −4 ( 1 )( 2 )
m=
2 (1)

−2 ± √ 4−8
m=
2
−2 ± √−4
m=
2

−2 ± √ 4 i
m=
2
 −2 ±2 i
m=
2

2 (−1± i )
m=
2

2 (−1± i )
m=
2

m=−1 ± i

m 1=−1+i , m2=−1−i

α =−1 y β=1

y=c1 x α cos ( β ln x )+ c 2 x α sin ( β ln x )

y=c1 x−1 cos ( ln x ) + c2 x−1 sin ( ln x )

c 1 cos ( ln x ) c 2 sin ( ln x )
y= +
x x

c 1 cos ( ln x )+ c 2 sin ( ln x )
y=
x

b) x 2 y ' '−3 xy ' + 4 y =0

y=x m → y ' =m x m−1 → y ' ' =m ( m−1 ) x m−2

x 2 m ( m−1 ) x m −2 −3 xm x m−1+ 4 x m=0

x 2 m ( m−1 ) x m x−2−3 xm x m x−1+ 4 x m =0

 x 2 m ( m−1 ) x m x−2−3 x m x m x −1 + 4 x m=0

m ( m−1 ) x m −3 m x m +4 x m =0

( m2−m) x m−3 m xm + 4 x m=0

( m2−m) x m−3 m xm + 4 x m=0

x m ( m 2−m−3 m+4 )=0

x m ( m 2−4 m+ 4 ) =0

m
x m ( m−2 )( m−2 )=0 x ≠ 0 , m 1−2=0 , m2−2=0

m1=2 , m2=2

y=c1 x m + c 2 x m ln x y=c1 x 2+ c 2 x 2 ln x
1 1

c) x 3 y ' ' ' +5 x 2 y ' ' + 2 x y ' −2 y =0 y=x m → y ' =m x m−1 → y ' ' =m ( m−1 ) x m−2 →
y ' ' ' =m ( m−1 ) ( m−2 ) x m −3

x 3 m ( m−1 ) ( m−2 ) x m −3 +5 x 2 m ( m−1 ) x m −2 +2 xm x m−1−2 x m=0

x 3 m ( m−1 ) ( m−2 ) x m −3 +5 x 2 m ( m−1 ) x m −2 +2 x 1 m x m −1 −2 x m=0

m ( m−1 )( m−2 ) x 3+m −3 +5 m ( m−1 ) x 2+ m−2+ 2m x1 +m−1−2 x m=0

m ( m−1 )( m−2 ) x m +5 m ( m−1 ) x m +2 m x m−2 x m=0

m ( m 2−3 m+ 2 ) x m +5 ( m 2−m ) x m +2 m x m−2 x m=0

( m3−3 m2 +2 m) x m + ( 5 m2−5 m ) xm + 2m xm −2 x m =0
 ( m3−3 m2 +2 m) x m + ( 5 m2−5 m ) xm + 2m xm −2 x m =0

x m ( m 3−3 m 2+2 m+5 m 2−5 m+ 2m−2 ) =0

x m ( m 3+ 2m 2−m−2 )=0

x m ≠ 0 y m3+ 2m2−m−2=0

m3 m2 m TI
1 2 -1 -2 1→(m-1)

1 3 2
1 3 2 0

( m−1 ) ( m 2+ 3 m+2 ) =0

( m−1 ) ( m+ 1 )( m+2 )=0

m 1=1 , m2 =−1 ,m 3=−2

y=c1 x m + c 2 x m +c 3 x m
1 2 3

y=c1 x+ c 2 x−1 +c 3 x −2

c2 c3
y=c1 x+ +
x x2

d) x 3 y ' ' ' −x2 y ' ' +2 x y ' −2 y=0

y=x m → y ' =m x m−1 → y ' ' =m ( m−1 ) x m−2 →

y ' ' ' =m ( m−1 ) ( m−2 ) x m −3

x 3 m ( m−1 ) ( m−2 ) x m −3 −x2 m ( m−1 ) x m−2 +2 xm x m−1−2 x m =0

x 3 m ( m−1 ) ( m−2 ) x m −3 −x2 m ( m−1 ) x m−2 +2 x 1 m x m−1−2 x m=0

m ( m−1 )( m−2 ) x 3+m −3 −m ( m−1 ) x 2+m−2 +2 m x 1+m −1 −2 x m =0

m ( m−1 )( m−2 ) x m−m ( m−1 ) x m+ 2m x m−2 x m=0

( m3−3 m2 +2 m) x m + ( m−m2 ) x m +2 m x m−2 x m=0

( m3−3 m2 +2 m) x m + ( m−m2 ) x m +2 m x m−2 x m=0

x m ( m 3−3 m 2+2 m+m−m 2 +2 m−2 )=0

x m ( m 3−4 m2 +5 m−2 ) =0

x m ≠ 0 y m3−4 m2+5 m−2=0

m3 m2 m TI
1 -4 5 -2 1→(m-1)

1 -3 2
1 -3 2 0

( m−1 ) ( m 2−3 m+2 )=0

( m−1 ) ( m−1 ) ( m−2 )=0

( m−2 ) ( m−1 ) ( m−2 )=0

m 1=2 , m 2=1 ,m3=1

y=c1 x m + c 2 x m +c 3 x m ln x
1 2 3

y=c1 x 2+ c 2 x+ c 3 x ln x

e) x 2 y ' '−2 xy ' +1.25 y=0

5
x 2 y ' '−2 xy ' + y =0
4
y=x m → y ' =m x m−1 → y ' ' =m ( m−1 ) x m−2

5
x 2 m ( m−1 ) x m −2 −2 xm xm −1 + x m=0
4

5
x 2 m ( m−1 ) x m x−2−2 xm x m x−1+ x m =0
4

5
x 2 m ( m−1 ) x m x−2−2 x m x m x−1 + x m=0
4

5
m ( m−1 ) x m −2m x m+ x m =0
4

( m2−m) x m−2 m x m + 5 x m=0

4

( m2−m) x m−2 m x m + 5 x m=0

4

5
(
x m m 2−m−2m+
4
=0)
5 5 5
(
x m m 2−3 m+
4 )
=0 x m ≠ 0 y m 2−3 m+ =0 a=1 ,b=−3 , c=
4 4
−b ± √ b2−4 ac
m=
2a

m=
√ 2
−(−3 ) ± (−3 ) −4 (1 ) ( 54 )
2 (1)

3 ± √ 9−5
m=
2
3± 4
m= √
2

3 ±2
m=
2

5 1
m 1 = , m 2=
2 2
 y=c1 x m + c 2 x m
1 2

5 1
y=c1 x 2 + c2 x 2

1
y=x ( c 1 x 2 +c 2 )
2

y= √ x ( c 1 x 2 +c 2 )

f) x 2 y ' '−2 xy ' +1 25 y=0

y=x m → y ' =m x m−1 → y ' ' =m ( m−1 ) x m−2

x 2 m ( m−1 ) x m −2 −2 xm xm −1 +125 x m=0

x 2 m ( m−1 ) x m x−2−2 xm x m x−1+125 x m=0

x 2 m ( m−1 ) x m x−2−2 x m x m x−1 +125 x m=0

m ( m−1 ) x m −2m x m+ 125 x m =0

( m2−m) x m−2 m x m +125 x m=0

( m2−m) x m−2 m x m +125 x m=0

x m ( m 2−m−2 m+ 125 )=0

x m ( m 2−3 m+125 )=0 x m ≠ 0 y m2−3 m+ 125=0 a=1 ,b=−3 , c=125

−b ± √ b2−4 ac
m=
2a

2
−(−3 ) ± √ (−3 ) −4 (1 ) ( 125 )
m=
2( 1)
 3 ± √ 9−500
m=
2
3 ± −491
m= √
2

3 ± √ 491i
m=
2

3 491
m= ± √ i
2 2

3 491 3 491
m 1= + √ i , m 2= − √ i
2 2 2 2

3 491
α = y β= √
2 2

y=c1 x α cos ( β ln x )+ c 2 x α sin ( β ln x )

3 3
√ 491 ln x + c x 2 sin √ 491 ln x
y=c1 x 2 cos ( 2 ) 2 ( 2 )
2
y=c1 √ x3 cos ( √ 491
2
ln x ) +c √ x sin (
2
2 √ 491 ln x
3
2 )
2
[ (√
y= √ x 3 c 1 cos
491
2 )
ln x + c2 sin ( √ 491
2
ln x ) ]