Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Prácticos
Juan Camilo Cala Erazo
Residente de Psiquiatría
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
2019
Definición
uptodate.com/contents/diagnosis-of-delirium-and-confusional-states?search=delirium&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1
The American Geriatrics Society. Postoperative delirium in older adults: Best practice statement from the American geriatrics society. J Am Coll Surg. 2015;220(2):136–148.e1.
• Prevenible en 30-40% de los casos.
• La recuperación al alta al estado cognitivo basal es de 4-14% y a 12 meses 72% persiste con
alteración cognitiva.
Fong TG, Davis D, Growdon ME, Albuquerque A, Inouye SK, Israel B, et al. The Interface of Delirium and Dementia in Older Persons. Lancet Neurol. 2015;14(8):823–32 .
.
The American Geriatrics Society. Postoperative delirium in older adults: Best practice statement from the American geriatrics society. J Am Coll Surg. 2015;220(2):136–148.e1
Factores Predisponentes y Precipitantes
uptodate.com/contents/diagnosis-of-delirium-and-confusional-states?search=delirium&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1
Presentación clínica
Cuadro Clínico
• Hiperactivo
• Hipoactivo
• Mixto
uptodate.com/contents/diagnosis-of-delirium-and-confusional-states?search=delirium&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1
Maldonado JR (2017). Acute Brain Failure: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management, and Sequelae of Delirium. Crit Care Clin
Brummel BNE, Boehm LM, Girard TD, Pandharipande PP, James C, Hughes CG, et al. Subsyndromal Delirium and Institutionalization Among Patients With Critical Illness. Am J Crit care. 2017;26(6):447–55.
Conciencia
Sueño Atención
Sensopercepci Afecto
ón
Memoria
Diagnostico: Confusion Assessment
Method - CAM
• Sensibilidad 94 a 100%
• Especificidad 90 a 95%
uptodate.com/contents/diagnosis-of-delirium-and-confusional-states?search=delirium&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1
Inouye SK, van Dyck CH, Alessi CA, et al: Clarifying confusion: The confusion assessment method. A new method for detection of delirium. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:941-948
Diagnostico: Confusion Assessment
Method - CAM
Inouye SK, van Dyck CH, Alessi CA, et al: Clarifying confusion: The confusion assessment method. A new method for detection of delirium. Ann Intern Med.
1990;113:941-948
Complicaciones asociadas
• Prolongación de estancia hospitalaria de 5 a 10 días.
• Aumento de costos de atención hasta el doble.
• Aumento de riesgo de muerte 2 veces.
• 2,4 veces mas riesgo de institucionalización.
• 50 % de pacientes con dx de delirium a un año fallecen.
• 12,5 veces mas riesgo de demencia.
Tratar Medidas no
activamente la farmacológicas ¿Psicofármacos?
causa de base
Bellelli G, Morandi A, Trabucchi M, Caironi G, Coen D, Fraticelli C, et al. Italian intersociety consensus on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of delirium in hospitalized older persons. Intern Emerg Med. 2018;13(1):113–21
The American Geriatrics Society. Postoperative delirium in older adults: Best practice statement from the American geriatrics society. J Am Coll Surg. 2015;220(2):136–148.e1
Barr J, Fraser GL, Puntillo K, Ely EW, Gélinas C, Dasta JF, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of pain, agitation, and delirium in adult patients in the intensive care unit: Executive summary. Am J Heal Pharm. 2013;70(1):53–8
• La prevención se basa en programas de visitas diarias enfocadas en:
• 6 esferas:
1. Orientación
2. Movilización temprana
3. Conciliación de medicamentos
4. Preservación del ciclo sueño-vigilia
5. Deterioro sensorial
6. Deshidratación
Schwartz AC, Fisher TJ, Greenspan HN, Heinrich TW. Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic approaches to the prevention and management of delirium. Int J Psychiatry Med [Internet]. 2016;51(2):160–70. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0091217416636578
Ford AH, Almeida OP. Pharmacological interventions for preventing delirium in the elderly. Maturitas. 2015;81(2):287–92.
Teale E, Young J. Multicomponent delirium prevention : not as effective as NICE suggest ? Age Ageing. 2015;44(6):915–7.
Psicofármacos
• Farmacoterapia cuando el paciente es una amenaza para sí mismo, para otros o
impide terapias esenciales.
Bellelli G, Morandi A, Trabucchi M, Caironi G, Coen D, Fraticelli C, et al. Italian intersociety consensus on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of delirium in hospitalized older persons. Intern Emerg Med. 2018;13(1):113–21
Am J Psychiatry 2019; 176:785–793; doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.18070893
N Engl J Med 2017; 377:1456-1466
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMcp1605501