Diciembre 11, 2019

Análisis de deformaciones: repaso del tema “Deformaciones progresivas”:

Microestructuas mono- y policristalinas de tectonitas
Nombre:
Código:
Textos de referencia:
Fossen, H., 2010, Structural Geology. ISBN 978-0-521-51664-8, 463 pp.; chapt. 10 (pp. 35-50); Cambridge
University Press.
Passchier, C. & Trouw, 2006, Microtectonics. Springer. Chapt. 3.
Vernon, 2019, A practical guide to rock microstructure, 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press.

1. Deformación intracristalina:
(a) ¿Cuáles son los mecanismos de deformación intracristalina principales y los factores físico-
quimicos, que favorecen la predominancia de uno sobre otro? – Descríbalos, usando un
mapa de mecanismos de deformación (Fossen, Box 10.2):
(b) ¿Cuáles son las diferencias de fondo de una deformación por maclaje mecánico y por
deslizamiento de dislocaciones (o dislocation glide)? – Para una deformación progresiva,
¿existen límites para estos mecanismos de deformación intracristalina?
(c) ¿Cuales procesos compiten en una recristalización dinámica? ¿Estos procesos conducen a
un equilibrio textural (i.e. a un tamaño de grano específico, que refleja determinadas
condiciones de presión y temperatura, dejando los otros parámetros de mayor incidencia
constantes)? – Consideramos solamente la deformación de agregados mono-minerálicos.
(d) En zonas de cizalla (o milonitas relacionadas a zonas de desplazamiento relativo entre
bloques) la orientación preferencial de (sub-) granos recristalizados en agregados de cuarzo
puede ser oblicua a la foliación milonítica. Ejemplos: figs. 10.15 y 10.19 en Fossen (2010);
fig. 5.24 en Passchier, C. & Trouw (2006). ¿Cuál argumento “cinemático” podría explicar
esta situación?
(e) Comente las siguientes microestructuras de cuarcitas obtenidas por deformaciones
experimentales (Tullis, Teyssier & Stünitz, 1998).
HQ shortened 42% at 800°C, 10-6/sec and 1200 MPa, in the intermediate temperature dislocation creep regime
(regime 2 of H & T). Temperature is high enough for dislocation climb to serve as the recovery process. Original
grains have been fairly homogeneously flattened, and exhibit smooth and continuous undulatory extinction; sub-
basal deformation lamellae are quite common. Recrystallized grains form at original grain boundaries as a result of
progressive subgrain misorientation.

BHQ deformed by a combination of simple shear (g = 2.1) and axial compression (shortening ~50%) at 800°C, 10-
6/sec and 1200 MPa (regime 2). The shear zone boundaries are parallel to the horizontal edges of the photo;
shearing was sinistral. Note that the recrystallized grains, which result from progressive subgrain misorientation,
define a foliation which is oblique to the shear plane (and which does not change in angle with progressive strain.

BHQ shortened 37% at 900°C, 10-6/sec and 1200 MPa, with ~0.2 wt % water added. Deformation occurred in the
transition region between regime 2 and regime 3 dislocation creep. Recovery occurs by dislocation climb, thus
subgrains form within original grains. All grain boundaries are very mobile at this tempera ture,despite the low
driving force (e.g., low dislocation density contrast), thus there is much more dynamic recrystallization at a low
sample strain than is the case for regime 2 dislocation creep. In addition, in regime 3 the recrystallized grains tend
to be substantially larger than the subgrains within original grains, again due to high grain boundary mobility.
2. Deformación policristalina
(a) Explique los criterios, que permiten deducir un sentido de cizalla en las (ultra-)milonitas de
las figs. 5.23 y 5.24 de Passchier, C. & Trouw (2006).
(b) Comente acerca de las deformaciones de un granito, que se muestra a continuación. ¿En
que nivel cortical se originó esta deformación?

Fig. 5.10, Vernon (2019): Strongly deformed grain of quartz in a deformed granite from Hillgrove,
New England area, New South Wales, Australia. The quartz shows both subgrains (with small
misorientations) and sharp kink bands (with marked misorientations). Incipient
recrystallization (Section 5.4.2) has occurred along some of the kink band boundaries, this
process representing the earliest stage of the formation of ‘ribbon structure’ (Section 5.5.1).
Also shown are biotite (brown), a few small grains of hornblende, plagioclase (relatively
small, elongate crystals), and microcline with tartan twinning formed during the deformation
(Sections 4.8, 5.7.6, 5.7.9). This photo also illustrates a marked ductility contrast between
quartz and feldspar at the prevailing conditions; the feldspar is so strong that igneous
microstructures have been preserved in feldspar-rich parts of the rock. Crossed polars; base of
photo 4.4 mm.