Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Outsourcing y Merchandising
Outsourcing y Merchandising
Outsourcing y Merchandising
01/09/2011
Contenido
1. Introducción .............................................................................................................................4
2. El Outsourcing ..........................................................................................................................6
2.1 Generalidades del Outsourcing .............................................................................................6
2.1.1 Definición ........................................................................................................................6
2.1.2 Características del Outsourcing ......................................................................................8
2.2. Historia ..................................................................................................................................8
2.3 Outsourcing y Derecho de Trabajo ........................................................................................9
2.3.1 Relación Jurídico extra-laboral ..................................................................................... 11
2.3.1.1 Contratos Civiles ................................................................................................... 12
2.3.1.2 Contratos Mercantiles .......................................................................................... 12
2.3.1.3 Contratos Administrativos ..................................................................................... 13
2.3.2 Relación Jurídica Laboral ............................................................................................. 13
2.3.2.1 Caracterización laboral del outsourcing ............................................................... 13
2.3.2.2 Consecuencias jurídicas del outsourcing .............................................................. 14
2.3.2.3 Figuras Afines........................................................................................................ 14
2.3.2.3.1 Cesión ilegal de trabajadores ........................................................................ 14
2.3.2.3.2 Cesión legal de trabajadores ......................................................................... 15
2.4 Factores Determinantes para la Adopción de un Acuerdo Outsourcing. ........................... 15
3. Merchandising ....................................................................................................................... 17
3.1 Concepto............................................................................................................................. 17
3.2 Aspectos Jurídicos............................................................................................................... 18
3.3 Principios del Merchandising.............................................................................................. 19
3.3.1 Aplicación del Merchandising....................................................................................... 20
3.3.2 La actividad de merchandising .................................................................................... 20
3.3.3 Función Económica ..................................................................................................... 21
3.4 Una primera aproximación al contrato de merchandising ................................................. 21
3.4.1 Clasificación de los tipos de contrato de merchandising ............................................ 21
3.4.2 El objeto del contrato de merchandising .................................................................... 21
3.5 El contrato de Merchandising ............................................................................................. 22
3.5.1 El contrato de brand merchandising : ......................................................................... 22
3.5.2 El contrato de character merchandising ..................................................................... 24
|Outsourcing y Merchandising Agreement 2
3.5.3 El contrato de personality merchandising ................................................................... 24
4. Conclusiones .......................................................................................................................... 26
4.1 Del outsourcing................................................................................................................... 26
4.2 Del merchandising .............................................................................................................. 26
5. Bibliografía ............................................................................................................................. 28
Anexo 1 .......................................................................................................................................... 29
Borrador de un Contrato de “Outsourcing” .................................................................................. 29
6. Anexo 2 .................................................................................................................................. 41
Borrador de un Contrato de “Merchandising and Marketing Agreement” .................................. 41
7. Anexo 3 .................................................................................................................................. 61
“Outsourcing Agreement Manufacturing” .................................................................................... 61
8. Anexo 4 .................................................................................................................................. 66
“Checklist for Outsourcing Agreement” ........................................................................................ 66
1
White, Robert. Manual de outsourcing. Guía complete de externalización de actividades empresariales
para ganar competitividad. Barcelona, España, 2000. s/f p. 17
|Outsourcing y Merchandising Agreement 4
Entre las ventajas que aporta el outsourcing figura la posibilidad de que las
empresas alcancen mayores eficiencias operacionales, pueden focalizarse más en las
actividades que son vitales para su actividad de negocio y transformar así sus procesos
de negocio.
Descentralización productiva,
Contrata y subcontrata de obras y servicios,
Tercerización,
Externalización
Subcontratación
Flexibilización productiva, etc
2.1.1 Definición
El outsourcing, puede ser definido como la “transferencia al exterior de la empresa
de actividades hasta entonces asumidas internamente o que, según el común modelo
de organización empresarial, habrían sido directamente gestionadas”.2
2
Blat Gimeno, Francisco. El marco socioeconómico de la descentralización productiva. Valencia, España,
2000. P 17
3
Messineo, Francesco. Doctrina general del contrato, 3ª. Ed, Milan. Ediciones Jurídicas Europa-América,
1986, p.35
4
Salvador Coderch, Pablo, Autonomía privada, fraude a la ley e interpretación de los negocios jurídicos.
Barcelona, España. Indret, 2004, p.5.
|Outsourcing y Merchandising Agreement 6
tanto de dar como de hacer; y segunda, que se trata de un contrato, aunque nominado,
atípico.
5
Arosamena del Alcazar, Milagros, La aplicación del outsourcing como soporte a la gestión de
instituciones públicas; caso Perú, Lima. Universidad de Lima, 2006, p.112
6
Gidrón y Rueda, 1998, pág. 43
|Outsourcing y Merchandising Agreement 7
Las competencias centrales o nucleares son “aquellas que definen la razón de ser de la
compañía y que hacen que se diferencie de la competencia, mientras que las no
nucleares serían las que sirven como soporte para el negocio”.7
2.2. Historia
1. Una postura muestra que este fenómeno inicio en los años setenta con la
revolución post industrial y se esparce finalmente 20 años después con la
revolución informática culminando con el modelo fordista.9 Gracias a Raffaele De
7
Prahalad y Hamel, 1990
8
Valenciano, Manuel, “El outsourcing: componentes y condiciones”, Barcelona, núm 62 julio del 2007 pp
56-58.
9
Modelo Fordista, inspirado en la empresa de automóviles Ford, supone “la organización de la producción
por línea de montaje, donde las tareas se hallan rígidamente divididas, tanto en su aspecto técnico como
social: la división del trabajo entre aquellos que generaban las ideas, los que controlaban su
implementación y quienes las llevaban adelante, dando lugar a lo que se llamó la organización científica
del trabajo, donde la mejor forma de producir una pieza es igual a la suma de determinados movimientos
|Outsourcing y Merchandising Agreement 8
Luca Tamajo10, se crean las bases de lo que en un futuro se llamara outsourcing,
con la transformación de las bases tradicionales del derecho laboral, facilitando
la flexibilidad de este recurso.
2. Se dice que fue en Italia en donde se inició con la especialización flexible, lo cual
dio inicio al outsourcing. Esto se debió a la informalidad del sector agrario que
dio paso a la economía agroindustrial, donde dicha empresa requería de
servicios especializados para disminuir costos.
Por tanto se puede concluir que entre la flexibilidad del área laboral y los servicios y
economías informales se pudo ir creando la figura que estamos analizando. Y conforme
el crecimiento y la globalización lo va ameritando tanto los consumidores como los
proveedores de servicios son esenciales en la actualidad. En un reciente estudio de la
firma de auditoria (una de las cuatro grandes internacionalmente)
PriceWaterhouseCoopers el “Outsourcing entra a la nueva era: El inicio de la
Colaboración empresarial” muestra que es necesaria esta figura para hacer frente a las
exigencias y retos del futuro.
mecanizados y rutinarios”. Godoy, Marcelo “De la orientación vocacional de la gestión de futuro”, Portal
de la Asociación Argentina de Psiquiatras, Buenos Aires,
http://www.aap.org.ar/publicaciones/dinamica/dinamica-6/tema-5.htm.
10
De Luca Tamajo, Raffaele, “Diritto del lavoro e decentramento productivo in una prospettivita
comparata: scenari e stumenti”, Rivista Italiana de Diritto del Lavoro, Roma, Núm. 1, 2007, p. 3.
|Outsourcing y Merchandising Agreement 9
Trabajador: Aunque los trabajadores no formen parte del acuerdo de
outsourcing (celebrado entre el comitente y el contratista) ven condicionada la
prestación de sus servicios, en los hechos, por los alcances del mismo.
11
Dolorier Torres, Javier. Espinoza Laureano, Frank. Outsourcing y Derecho del Trabajo, Revista Peruana
de Derecho de la Empresa. 2005, p.125
|Outsourcing y Merchandising Agreement 10
Por otro lado, los principales derechos del outsourcer son:
12
Cruz Villalón, Jesús. Descentralización productiva y sistemas de relaciones laborales. Revista de
Trabajo y Seguridad Social, Ministerio de Trabajo y Seguridad Social, Madrid, España. 1994, p.15
|Outsourcing y Merchandising Agreement 11
En la misma línea, García-Moreno entiende que el outsourcing es mucho más que
unos específicos contratos, pudiendo y debiendo ser considerado más bien como un
sistema organizativo o como una estrategia empresarial cuando no como una verdadera
filosofía empresarial. Este doctrinario, desde una perspectiva del derecho mercantil,
opina que no tendría excesivo sentido, por carecer de suficiente eficacia, su regulación
como contrato específico, ya que por un lado sería difícil delimitar el objeto del mismo,
el cual, al ser por naturaleza complejo dejaría fuera algunos supuestos que seguirían
dando lugar a la aparición de nuevos contratos atípicos; y por otro lado, tal regulación
solo permitiría resolver los problemas de carácter mercantil, pero seguiría sin darse
respuesta a las implicaciones, problemas e incertidumbres de carácter laboral o de otra
índole planteados en este ámbito. Así pues, la regulación más eficaz del outsourcing
debería pasar por fundamentarse en una regulación general, que concibiéndolo como
una actividad empresarial compleja, que a su vez se manifiesta o concreta en una serie
de contratos específicos, determine el ámbito y condiciones generales de su aplicación,
así como los eventuales límites a la misma, los procedimientos practicables al efecto y
las consecuencias admisibles de su utilización.13
13
García Moreno Gonzalo, José María. Contratos entre empresas para la instrumentación de la
externalización de actividades laborales. Tipología y régimen jurídico básico. Lex Nova, Valladolid,
España. 2002. P.54
|Outsourcing y Merchandising Agreement 12
implementada en las empresas a través de contratos de engineering (denominación
genérica que incluye a los contratos de estudio y proyecto, de supervisión, de dirección
integrada, etc), de servicios informáticos (contratos de software, integración de
sistemas, back up, etc), de promoción de la contratación (contratos publicitarios, de
marketing, de merchandising, etc), de distribución y comercialización (contratos de
comisión, de agencia, de concesión, de franquicia, de transporte, etc), entre otros.
14
Rivero Lamas, Juan. La descentralización productiva y las nuevas formas organizativas de trabajo.
Ponencia General presentada ante el X Congreso Nacional de Derecho del Trabajo y de la Seguridad
Social, Zaragoza, España, 1999. P. 48
|Outsourcing y Merchandising Agreement 13
protección especial que se brinda a los trabajadores en los supuestos de outsourcing de
actividades principales, no se haga sensible a los trabajadores que realizan labores
complementarias encargadas a terceros.
Pero cuando existen casos en los que el encargo de actividad encubre una
situación fraudulenta, en la que el comitente es el verdadero empleador de los
trabajadores que supuestamente se encuentran subordinados al contratista. La
situación ilícita que se presenta en estos casos, recibe el nombre de “cesión ilegal de
trabajadores” o “suministro ilícito de mano de obra”.
Los factores determinantes que deben ser tomados en cuenta para la adopción de
un acuerdo como este son en términos generales los siguientes:
2. Las actividades puedan ser realizadas por los trabajadores de la empresa o que
con anterioridad viniesen siendo realizadas por aquéllos. Con lo cual, se excluye
la existencia de outsourcing en el desarrollo de actividades de leasing, renting o
de carácter financiero en general puesto que tales funciones en ningún caso
podrán desarrollarse en el ámbito interno de la empresa.
1. Para el cliente:
2. Para el proveedor:
15
Echaiz Moreno, Daniel “From the Selected Words”, Mayo 2008,
http://work.bepress.com/daniel_echaiz/69
|Outsourcing y Merchandising Agreement 16
3. Merchandising
3.1 Concepto
16
En esta misma dirección, distinguen entre un concepto genérico y uno restringido de merchandising
MARTIN A.J. El merchandising. Contrato de Reclamo Mercantil, Aranzadi Editorial Pamplona 1999.
|Outsourcing y Merchandising Agreement 17
Otro concepto podría ser el conjunto de técnicas encaminadas a poner los
productos a disposición del consumidor, obteniendo una rentabilidad a la inversión
hecha en el establecimiento.
Una de las actividades principales que se fijan los sujetos es poder asegurar el
aumento de ventas del producto.
17
Cano J.R., Manual práctico de contratación mercantil, op. Cit pág 792 que lo describe como “un
contrato de servicios por el que una empresa procede a colaborar con otra con el fin de hacer que los
productos de ésta sean competitivos”. El autor constata que la finalidad que persiguen las partes al
celebrar el contrato consiste en superar el conjunto de limitaciones de los productos y adaptarlos de la
forma más adecuada a las necesidades y gustos del público.
|Outsourcing y Merchandising Agreement 18
“El merchandising constituye una figura contractual en virtud de la cual una
persona presta a otra un servicio, a cambio de un precio, estando dirigida dicho servicio
a la potenciación de ventas de la segunda. El objeto del contrato puede tener diversas
actividades o puede incidir sobre distintos ámbitos. Así, sobre el producto, mediante la
creación o modificación de su diseño industrial, o en la fabricación, distribución y
comercialización del producto. Sobre la forma de presentación del producto (envases,
embalajes, envoltorios, etc.). Sobre el lugar de presentación del producto encaminado a
determinar el puesto de venta en grandes almacenes, hipermercados, etc. En
condiciones de presentación y colocación que lo hagan especialmente atractivo y
diferenciado de los demás productos más o menos afines…”18
Rentabilidad
Ubicación
Impacto
Disponibilidad
Precio
Exhibición
Intenta con objetivos específicos, lograr: Mejorar la exhibición del producto, resaltar
la marca, obtener lugares de exhibición preferenciales, incrementar la rotación de
inventarios, destacar las ventajas del producto, recordar el mensaje publicitario usado
en los medios, aumentar las compras por impulso, mejorar la rentabilidad del espacio de
venta y atraer nuevos consumidores.
Es necesario para lograr los objetivos, conocer lo que ocurre en los negocios, influir
en las presentaciones de los anaqueles y los pasillos de venta, comprobar frescura, el
estado de los productos y empaque, mejorar la exhibición de los productos, resaltar la
identificación de la marca, aumentar la rotación de productos y lograr en el proceso de
merchandising, contemplar:
18
JUR 63126
|Outsourcing y Merchandising Agreement 19
Programa de Surtidos;
Plan de Exhibición;
Sistema de administración del punto de venta y del inventario;
Idea de rotación;
Buenas relaciones con el personal de la tienda;
Buenas comunicaciones y servicios,
Rentabilidad presupuestada; y
Promoción adecuada y un sistema de información
Los productores y/o fabricantes han sido muy creativos y vinculan de forma
ejemplificativa, un éxito comercial de una película a una canción y cantante específico que
provoca las ventas masivas de dicho disco. En el caso del deporte se pueden reconocer
estrategias de “merchandising” para lograr más ventas de sus productos. De esa cuenta por
ejemplo, eo Comité Organizador de los últimos mundiales de fútbol, autorizan la utilización de
su logotipo en balones y camisetas.
“En esta línea, destaca el fabricante de juguetes estadounidense Mattel, que además de
comercializar su muñeca “Barbie”, ha diversificado sus actividades para potenciar otros
segmentos e incrementar sus beneficios. Esta finalidad la ha conseguido al obtener los derechos
de explotación de personajes famosos de ficción, entre los que destaca, Harry Potter”.19
19
Expansión, Lunes, 16 de diciembre de 2002, página 9. El artículo se refiere concretamente a que “en el
negocio de las licencias, Mattel tendrá además de los rentables derechos del merchandising de Harry
Potter, los de Batman, Superman, Loony Toons …” Como veremos más adelante, la adquisición de estos
derechos por parte de la empresa Mattel responde a una hipótesis muy frecuente en la práctica. El titular
de los derechos de explotación sobre Harry Potter los cede a un tercero, que, en este caso, es Mattel. Esta
empresa podrá entonces conceder licencias a terceros fabricantes para comercializar una gama de
productos en particular. Como Botón de muestra, y siguiendo, con el mismo ejemplo, el mismo diario,
expone en la página 8 que las previsiones apuntan a que el videojuego de Harry Potter será el más
vendido en la Navidad del 2002…”
|Outsourcing y Merchandising Agreement 20
3.3.3 Función Económica
Se ha podido comprobar que las técnicas del “merchandising” constituyen herramientas
eficaces para introducir nuevos productos y servicios con una proyección de venta bastante
certera.
Como primera característica común que deben reunir los bienes inmateriales
que van a ser utilizados con la finalidad de diferenciar productos o servicios en el
mercado es precisamente el carácter distintivo. Por un lado, este carácter se
manifestará en la completa identificación e individualización de ese signo por parte del
público.
Un claro ejemplo de ello son los llaveros cuyo diseño representa el de una marca
o las camisetas que la llevan impresa de forma perfectamente visible. Por lo que
respecta a la celebración del contrato de merchandising de marcas, esta distinción
interesa únicamente por lo que se refiere a la cláusula relativa al control de calidad. Este
tipo de control que eventualmente puede llevar a cabo el licenciante adquiere una
menor importancia en el caso de que las partes celebren un contrato de merchandising
de la imagen de la marca. La finalidad es, en este supuesto, que el producto incorpore
un diseño que representa una marca de renombre. Ésta se utiliza porque agrada su
diseño, sus colores y todos los valores que representa. En este caso la importancia del
control de la calidad sobre los productos es menor porque la calidad del producto pasa a
un segundo plano. En cambio, las partes deberán ser especialmente cautelosas al
precisar la cláusula relativa al control de la presentación del producto.
20
JUR 63126
|Outsourcing y Merchandising Agreement 27
5. Bibliografía
Arosamena del Alcazar, Milagros. La aplicación del autsourcing como soporte de a la gestión de
instituciones públicas. Lima, Perú: Universidad de Lima, p. 112, 2006.
De Luca Tamajo, Raffaele. «Diritto del lavoro e decentramento productivo in una prospettivita
comparata: scenari e stumenti.» Rivista Italiana de Diritto del Lavoro (Roma 2007): Núm 1, p. 3.
Dolorier Torres, Javier y Espinoza Laureano, Frank. «Outsourcinga y el Derecho del Trabajo.»
Revista Peruana de Derecho de la Empresa (2005): 125.
García Moreno Gonzalo, José María. «Contratos entre empresas para la instrumentación de la
externalización de actividades laborales.» Tipología y Régimen Jurídico Básico (Valladolid,
España 2002): Lex Nova, p. 54.
Messineo, Francesco. Doctrina general del contrato. Vols. 3ra. Edición, p. 35. Europa-América:
ediciones Jurídicas , 1986.
Rivero Lamas, Juan. «La descentralización productiva y las nuevas formas organizativas de
trabajo.» Potencial General, X Congreso Nacional de Derecho del Trabajo y de la Seguridad
Social. Zaragoza, España, 1999. 48.
Salvador Coderch, Pablo. Autonimía Privada, fraude de la ley e interpretación de los negocios
jurídicos. Vol. p.5. Barcelona, España: Indet, 2004.
Borrador de un Contrato
de “Outsourcing”
REUNIDOS
DE UNA PARTE, (…) mayor de edad, con D.N.I. número (…) y en nombre y
representación de (…), en adelante, el “CLIENTE”, domiciliada en (…), calle (…) nº (…),
C.P. (…) y C.I.F. (…).
DE OTRA PARTE, (…) mayor de edad, con D.N.I. número (…) y en nombre y
representación de la mercantil (…), en adelante, el “PROVEEDOR”, domiciliada en (…),
calle (…) nº (…), C.P. (…) y C.I.F. (…).
EXPONEN
Que las Partes reunidas en la sede social del CLIENTE, acuerdan celebrar el presente
contrato de OUTSOURCING, en adelante el “Contrato”, de acuerdo con las siguientes
PRIMERA.- OBJETO
2.2.7. El software del CLIENTE será actualizado por el PROVEEDOR, siempre que
cuente con la debida licencia de uso. El que no pueda ser actualizado será
sustituido inmediatamente por el PROVEEDOR según las necesidades del
CLIENTE. En el supuesto que el PROVEEDOR careciera de un programa
determinado, una vez adquirida la licencia de uso procedería a la
instalación del mismo.
2.2.12. El servicio de asistencia técnica y “Help Desk” será realizado por los
técnicos del PROVEEDOR.
2.2.16. Los técnicos del PROVEEDOR realizarán sesiones de capacitación con los
empleados del CLIENTE cada vez que se cambie o actualice algún
programa, sistema o elemento de hardware.
4.1 El precio del Contrato es de un pago inicial (…) [indicar el precio inicial de cada
servicio] IVA excluido y un pago (…) [indicar el precio de cada servicio]mensual
IVA excluido.
4.2 El pago de las facturas se realizará, tras la aceptación de los trabajos por el
CLIENTE, mediante transferencia bancaria a los 30 días de la fecha de recepción
de la factura a la siguiente cuenta corriente titularidad del PROVEEDOR: (…)
[indicar nº de cuenta].
El plazo de duración del presente Contrato es de (…) […] a partir de la fecha referida en
el encabezamiento del Contrato. El Contrato podrá ser prorrogado expresamente y por
escrito.
6.1 Todos los Servicios prestados por el PROVEEDOR se realizarán por personal
especializado en cada materia. El personal del PROVEEDOR acudirá previsto
de todo el material necesario, adecuado y actualizado, para prestar los
Servicios.
Incidencia crítica
Incidencia grave
Incidencia leve
OCTAVA.- RESOLUCIÓN
NOVENA.- NOTIFICACIONES
Las notificaciones que se realicen las Partes deberán realizarse por correo con
acuse de recibo [o cualquier otro medio fehaciente que acuerden las Partes] a las
siguientes direcciones:
CLIENTE (…)
PROVEEDOR: (…)
En caso de que el arbitraje no llegara a realizarse por mutuo acuerdo o fuera declarado
nulo, ambas partes se someten a los juzgados y tribunales de la ciudad de (…) [domicilio
del cliente], con renuncia a cualquier otro fuero que pudiera corresponderles.
Fdo.: Fdo.:
A los efectos de lo previsto en el artículo 1.153 del Código Civil, el PROVEEDOR no podrá
eximirse del cumplimiento de sus obligaciones pagando la pena. Asimismo, el
PROVEEDOR, además de satisfacer la pena establecida, deberá cumplir las obligaciones
cuyo incumplimiento se penaliza.
Borrador de un Contrato
de “Merchandising and
Marketing Agreement”
[COMPLETE ADDRESS]
WHEREAS for many years [YOUR COMPANY NAME] has carried on the business of selling
[SPECIFY PRODUCTS BEING SOLD] and other products related thereto (the “Products”),
at a number of retail stores generally known as [YOUR COMPANY NAME] Stores; and
WHEREAS the [YOUR COMPANY NAME] Stores and the trade names, trade marks and
associated commercial logos and symbols (the “Names and Marks”) owned, used and/or
established by [YOUR COMPANY NAME] and used in connection with the [YOUR
COMPANY NAME] Stores have gained public acceptance and goodwill; and
WHEREAS the Merchandiser acknowledges that the success of the [YOUR COMPANY
NAME] Merchandising System is dependant upon the commitment of the Merchandiser
to devote its attentions to the operations and affairs of the [YOUR COMPANY NAME]
Stores;
WHEREAS the Merchandiser desires to enter into this Agreement to use the [YOUR
COMPANY NAME] Merchandising System to operate the [YOUR COMPANY NAME]
Stores at and from the stores located at:
[ADDRESS]
[ADDRESS]
[ADDRESS]
WHEREAS the Merchandiser acknowledges (i) that the marketing and merchandising
policies and procedures, and standards of merchandising, products quality and service
prescribed by the [YOUR COMPANY NAME] Merchandising System, and the
Merchandiser’s adherence thereto and compliance therewith together constitute and
are of the essence of this Agreement, in that such adherence and compliance, in
conjunction with the Names and Marks, provides the basis for and is essential to the
continuance of the existing valuable goodwill and public acceptance of the [YOUR
COMPANY NAME] Merchandising System, and (ii) that in entering into this Agreement
[YOUR COMPANY NAME] is acting expressly upon and in reliance on such
acknowledgements by and of the Merchandiser to the extent that without such
NOW THEREFORE THIS AGREEMENT WITNESSETH that for and in consideration of the
premises and of the mutual covenants and agreements herein contained, the [YOUR
COMPANY NAME] Stores convenants and agree as follows:
1.1 Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement and to the rights of
termination set out in Article 10 and Article 17, [YOUR COMPANY NAME] hereby
agrees with the Merchandiser that the Merchandiser shall have the right, license
and privilege to adopt and use the [YOUR COMPANY NAME] Merchandising
System in connection with the operation of the [YOUR COMPANY NAME] Stores
at and only at the Business Premises; and subject to the approval of the
Merchandiser as a user by the Registrar of Trade Marks, to adopt and use, but
only in connection with the [YOUR COMPANY NAME] Stores and only at and
from the Business Premises, the Names and Marks (which term shall include
such other trade names, marks and logos as may be designated from time to
time by [YOUR COMPANY NAME]); in the event that the Merchandiser is not
approved by the Registrar of Trade Marks as a user of the Names and Marks,
either party may terminate this Agreement. Pending recording of the
Merchandiser as a registered user of the names and marks, use thereof shall be
subject to the continuing approval of [YOUR COMPANY NAME].
1.2 The Merchandiser hereby acknowledges that [YOUR COMPANY NAME] is in the
course of developing a Merchandising and Marketing Manual and the
Merchandiser hereby agrees to conduct the [YOUR COMPANY NAME] Stores
under the [YOUR COMPANY NAME] Merchandising System in accordance with all
of the provisions of this Agreement and as may be set forth from time to time in
the Merchandising and Marketing Manual (as hereinafter defined).
2.2 [YOUR COMPANY NAME] shall make available to the Merchandiser all additional
services, facilities, rights and privileges which [YOUR COMPANY NAME] makes
generally available, and at prices charged by [YOUR COMPANY NAME] from time
to time, to parties using the [YOUR COMPANY NAME] Merchandising System.
3.1 [YOUR COMPANY NAME] shall provide the Merchandiser with the [YOUR
COMPANY NAME] Merchandising and Marketing Manual (the “Merchandising
and Marketing Manual”) which shall be developed by [YOUR COMPANY NAME]
for use by operators of [YOUR COMPANY NAME] Stores generally and which shall
contain detailed information relating to the merchandising and marketing
operations of the [YOUR COMPANY NAME] Stores, including such matters as
merchandising and distribution techniques, advertising and personnel training
practices.
3.2 The Merchandiser shall adopt and use exclusively, and shall adhere to and
comply with the methods, procedures and policies from time to time
established, amended and prescribed by [YOUR COMPANY NAME] and stated in
the Merchandising and Marketing Manual.
3.3 The Merchandiser acknowledges that [YOUR COMPANY NAME] is the owner of
all proprietary rights in and to the [YOUR COMPANY NAME] Merchandising
System and the Merchandising and Marketing Manual, that the information
3.4 Without the prior written consent of [YOUR COMPANY NAME], the
Merchandiser shall not disclose the contents of the Merchandising and
Marketing Manuel to any person, except to employees of the Merchandiser for
purposes related solely to the operation of the [YOUR COMPANY NAME] Stores,
nor shall they reprint or reproduce the Merchandising and Marketing Manual in
whole or part for any purposes except in connection with instruction of such
employees in the operation of the [YOUR COMPANY NAME] Stores.
4.1 The Merchandiser acknowledges the advantages to the [YOUR COMPANY NAME]
Stores of a centrally administered advertising and promotion policy. [YOUR
COMPANY NAME] may, from time to time, engage the services of advertising
specialists to formulate advertising programs for the [YOUR COMPANY NAME]
Stores. For the purpose of assisting the Merchandiser in the promotion and sale
of merchandise purchased from [YOUR COMPANY NAME] and/or approved
suppliers of the [YOUR COMPANY NAME] Stores, [YOUR COMPANY NAME], at its
option, will furnish or cause to be furnished such items as retail flyers, retail
radio and television advertising, local newspaper advertising in accordance with
the schedules established from time to time by [YOUR COMPANY NAME], retail
display materials, national advertising and display materials, retail catalogues,
wholesale catalogues, promotional aids and promotional material.
4.3 The Merchandiser shall erect and maintain, at its sole expense, the sign or signs
in form and colors designated by [YOUR COMPANY NAME]. The Merchandiser
shall not use any other sign or any words, logo or symbol on or in conjunction
with the Business Premises, or do any other act or thing during the term of this
Agreement which in any way indicates or from which it might reasonably be
inferred that the [YOUR COMPANY NAME] Stores, which is independently
operated by the Merchandiser at the Business Premises, is controlled,
supervised, managed or operated by [YOUR COMPANY NAME].
4.4 The words “[YOUR COMPANY NAME] Dealer” together with the name of the
Merchandiser shall be used by the Merchandiser in or in conjunction with the
signs referred to in section 4.3, and in connection with the Merchandiser’s
advertising relative to the [YOUR COMPANY NAME] Stores and in connection
with any contracts or invoices of the Merchandiser in order to clearly establish
that the [YOUR COMPANY NAME] Stores is owned and operated by the
Merchandiser.
5.1 The Merchandiser shall purchase and maintain in inventory those produces
identified on Schedule “A” to this Agreement in such quantities as are
5.2 The Merchandiser may be granted an exemption by [COMPANY NAME] from the
provisions of paragraph 5.1 of this Agreement with respect to one or more of the
products appearing on Schedule “A”, provided that the Merchandiser can
establish to the satisfaction of [YOUR COMPANY NAME] that any such product
identified on Schedule “A” is not marketable for reasons specific to the
geographical location in which the [YOUR COMPANY NAME] Stores of the
Merchandiser is located.
5.3 [YOUR COMPANY NAME] shall have the right in consultation with [YOUR
COMPANY NAME] Merchandisers, to add products or to remove products from
Schedule “A” from time to time provided that no such product shall be added to
Schedule “A” unless and until [YOUR COMPANY NAME], in consultation with
[YOUR COMPANY NAME] Merchandisers, is satisfied that such product meets the
standards of [YOUR COMPANY NAME] with regard to quality, marketability and
supplier’s support. The Merchandiser agrees not to remove or label over any
labels appearing on the products identified on Schedule “A”.
5.4 The Merchandiser may carry any products in addition to the products appearing
on Schedule “A”, without the consent of [YOUR COMPANY NAME], provided that
the Merchandiser shall not carry any products which are competitive with those
products identified on Schedule “A” unless such competitive products have been
approved by [YOUR COMPANY NAME].
5.5 The Merchandiser understands and agrees that [YOUR COMPANY NAME] may
receive advertising allowances, volume rebates and other forms of rebates from
approved suppliers and may apply such rebates to the costs of providing certain
services hereunder or may distribute such rebates to the Merchandiser in the
5.6 Wherever this Agreement contemplates that [YOUR COMPANY NAME] shall
consult with [YOUR COMPANY NAME] Merchandisers, [YOUR COMPANY NAME]
shall consult with any one or more [COMPANY NAME] Merchandisers as [YOUR
COMPANY NAME] shall, in its sole discretion, deem appropriate for the purposes
of determining the views of [YOUR COMPANY NAME] Merchandisers generally.
6.1 Except as hereinafter provided, the Merchandiser shall have the sole right to
determine the prices of any and all merchandise and products offered for sale by
the [YOUR COMPANY NAME] Stores. Any submission to the Merchandiser of
suggested prices is for guidance and does not impose upon the Merchandiser
any obligation to charge any fixed minimum prices for any merchandise or
products for sale by the [YOUR COMPANY NAME] Stores and the Merchandiser
shall in no way suffer in its business relations with [YOUR COMPANY NAME] in
the event that it shall not accept any suggested prices submitted to it.
7.2 The Merchandiser shall adhere to and fully comply with the prescriptions of the
[YOUR COMPANY NAME] Merchandising System including, without limitation,
the merchandising and marketing procedures relating to the operation of the
business and maintenance of the Business Premises.
7.3 For the purpose of assisting the Merchandiser in the promotion and sale of
merchandise purchased by the Merchandiser from [YOUR COMPANY NAME]
and/or [YOUR COMPANY NAME]’s approved suppliers and for the purposes of
maintaining the [YOUR COMPANY NAME] Merchandising System, [YOUR
COMPANY NAME] may provide or cause to be provided standard printed order
forms, sales invoice forms, catalogues and merchandising and marketing
bulletins, and, if provided, the Merchandiser shall purchase and use such forms,
catalogues and bulletins.
7.4 The Merchandiser shall secure and maintain in force all required licenses,
permits and certificates and shall operate the [YOUR COMPANY NAME] Stores
and the Business Premises in full compliance with all applicable law, ordinances
and regulations, including without limitation all government regulations relating
to occupational hazards and health, consumer protection, environmental
protection, unfair and deceptive practices, trade regulation, worker’s
compensation, unemployment insurance and withholding and payment of all
taxes of whatsoever nature and kind.
7.5 The Merchandiser shall refrain from any practice that may be injurious to the
[YOUR COMPANY NAME] Stores, or the goodwill associated with the Names and
Marks or to other merchandisers of [YOUR COMPANY NAME] Stores.
8. BEST EFFORTS
8.1 The Merchandiser shall diligently and fully exploit its rights in the [YOUR
COMPANY NAME] Stores in every manner.
9.1 The Merchandiser shall have no authority, express or implied, to act as agent of
[YOUR COMPANY NAME] or of any of its affiliates for any purpose. The
Merchandiser is, and shall remain, an independent contractor responsible for all
obligations and liabilities resulting from all loss or damage to the [YOUR
COMPANY NAME] Stores and the Business Premises including any immoveable
property, vehicles, equipment, fixtures or immoveable property connected
therewith and for all claims or demands based on damage or destruction of
property or based upon injury, illness or death of any person or persons, directly
or indirectly, resulting from the operation of the [YOUR COMPANY NAME]
Stores.
9.2 The Merchandiser may establish all operating procedures not provided for in this
Agreement, including without limitation hours of operation, bookkeeping,
accounting systems, staff training and inventory control procedures.
10. TERMINATION
10.1 Without prejudice to any of its other rights or remedies at law or in equity or
under this Agreement, [YOUR COMPANY NAME], at its option, may terminate
this Agreement immediately upon notice to the Merchandiser upon the
happening of any of the following events:
(i) if the Merchandiser defaults in the performance of any of the terms and
conditions of this Agreement, or if the Merchandiser fails to maintain and
operate the [YOUR COMPANY NAME] Stores and the Business Premises in
compliance with the standards prescribed by the [YOUR COMPANY NAME]
System and fails to cure such default to the satisfaction of [YOUR COMPANY
NAME] within [NUMBER IN LETTERS] ([NUMBER]) days of receipt of written
notice from Air Products;
11.1 In addition to and without prejudice to the rights and remedies of [YOUR
COMPANY NAME] in Article 10 to terminate this Agreement, [YOUR COMPANY
NAME] shall have the right to seek judicial enforcement of its rights and
remedies including, without limitation, injunctive relief, damages or specific
performance.
12.2 The Merchandiser further agrees that upon termination or expiration of this
Agreement, it will take such action as may be required to cancel all trade name
or equivalent registrations relating to the use of any Names and Marks and to
notify the telephone company and all listing agencies of the termination or
expiration of the Merchandiser’s right to use any telephone number and any
classified and other directory listings associated with any Names and Marks or
with the [YOUR COMPANY NAME] Stores and to authorize transfer thereof to
[YOUR COMPANY NAME] or as it may direct, in respect of which the
Merchandiser hereby irrevocably authorizes [YOUR COMPANY NAME] to assume
any and all such telephone and other directory listings.
12.3 The Merchandiser agrees that after the termination or expiration of this
Agreement, it will not directly or indirectly in any manner identify itself, the
[YOUR COMPANY NAME] Stores Premises or any other premises, business or
vehicles as a [YOUR COMPANY NAME] Stores or use in any manner or for any
purpose, the Names and Marks or other indicia of [YOUR COMPANY NAME] and
shall assist [YOUR COMPANY NAME], to the full extent required, in terminating
any registered user agreements concerning the Names and Marks and to this
end the Merchandiser shall offer to [YOUR COMPANY NAME] at its landed cost,
all inventory labeled [YOUR COMPANY NAME].
13. ASSIGNMENT
13.1 This Agreement is fully assignable by [YOUR COMPANY NAME] and shall enure to
the benefit of any assignee or other legal successor to the interests of [YOUR
COMPANY NAME] herein. Any assignment of this Agreement shall automatically
release [YOUR COMPANY NAME] from its obligations hereunder except any
obligations incurred prior to the effective date of such assignment.
14.1 No waiver by [YOUR COMPANY NAME] of any default in performance on the part
of the Merchandiser, or a like waiver by [YOUR COMPANY NAME] of any breach
or a series of breaches, shall constitute a waiver of any subsequent breach or
default or a waiver of the terms of this Agreement.
15. NOTICES
15.1 Any notice required or permitted to be given hereunder shall be in writing and
shall be given by telefax, personal service or by mailing by registered mail, with
postage thereon fully paid, in a sealed envelope to be addressed to the
Merchandiser at the Business Premises, or [YOUR COMPANY NAME] at:
As the case may be, any party may be notice change the address to which
notices must be sent.
16. INDEMNIFICATION
16.1 The Merchandiser covenants and agrees that in the event [YOUR COMPANY
NAME] shall become a party to any claim, demand or penalty or become a party
to any suit or other judicial or administrative proceeding by reason of any act or
omission of the Merchandiser, or those persons for whom the Merchandiser is
responsible, or by reason of an omission with respect to the [YOUR COMPANY
NAME] Stores or the Business Premises, the Merchandiser shall indemnify and
hold [YOUR COMPANY NAME], its shareholders, directors, officers, employees
and agents harmless against all judgments, settlements, penalties, costs and
expenses, including attorney’s fees, court costs and other expenses of litigation
or other judicial or administrative proceedings, incurred by or imposed upon
[YOUR COMPANY NAME] in connection with the investigation or defense relating
to such claim or litigation or administrative proceeding and, at the election of
[YOUR COMPANY NAME], the Merchandiser shall also defend [YOUR COMPANY
NAME] at the Merchandiser’s sole cost and expense.
17.1 All references in this Agreement to the singular shall include the plural where
applicable and references to the masculine shall include the feminine and vice
versa. Either reference shall include the neuter. If any part of this Agreement for
any reason shall be declared invalid, such decision shall not affect the validity of
the other provisions of this Agreement and this Agreement shall be construed as
if this Agreement had been executed with the invalid portion eliminated. In the
event that any material provision of this Agreement shall be stricken or declared
invalid, Air Products reserves the right to terminate this Agreement.
18.1 Subject to section 17.1, this Agreement (including any schedules, appendices and
agreements supplemental hereto) together constitute the entire agreement
between the [YOUR COMPANY NAME] hereto and supersede any and all other
prior or contemporaneous negotiations, commitments, conditions,
representations, warranties, undertakings and agreements, either oral or in
writing, made between them with respect to the subject matter hereof with the
exception of the License Agreement entered into by the Partners as of the date
of this Agreement (the “License Agreement”). In the event of a conflict between
the provisions of this Agreement and those of the License Agreement, the
provisions of the License Agreement shall prevail.
19. SUCCESSORS
19.1 Subject to the provisions of Article 19, this Agreement shall bind and enure to
the benefit of the successors and assigns of [YOUR COMPANY NAME] and the
successors and permitted assigns of the Merchandiser.
20.1 The [YOUR COMPANY NAME] hereto shall execute and deliver such other and
further documents and assurances or cause same to be executed and delivered
in order to give full effect to the provisions hereof or to any change in trade mark
law in respect of provisions of this Agreement.
21.2 [YOUR COMPANY NAME] shall have no control over the employees of the
Merchandiser, including the terms and conditions of their employment. No
employee engaged by the Merchandiser shall, under any circumstances, be
deemed to be an employee of [YOUR COMPANY NAME], and all such employees
shall be so notified by the Merchandiser.
24. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
(ii) [YOUR COMPANY NAME] is the sole owner of the Names and Marks and
goodwill associated therewith, and the Merchandiser acquires no right, title
or interest in the Names and Marks other than in the right to use them only
in the manner and to the extent prescribed and approved by [YOUR
COMPANY NAME].
OFFER FOR SALE, LICENSE OR SUBLICENSE, GIVE OR DISCLOSE TO
FFENDERS WILL AUTOMATICALLY BE SUED IN A COURT OF LAW.
“Outsourcing Agreement
Manufacturing”
AND: [BUYER NAME] (the "Buyer"), a company organized and existing under
the laws of the [State/Province] of [STATE/PROVINCE], with its head
office located at:
[COMPLETE ADDRESS]
1. PURPOSE OF AGREEMENT
Formalize the agreements made regarding services and products between Buyer and
MANUFACTURER
2. SERVICES
Manufacturer will produce products for Buyer on a Turnkey basis. Initially, services will cover
[NUMBER] products, as per the attached price sheets. However, this may be extended.
Delivery
Financial Services
3. DELIVERY
Manufacturer shall deliver the Services in line with the agreed service levels to Buyer.
4. ACCEPTANCE OF SERVICES
Buyer may reject the Services if they do not comply with the specification set out by Buyer. The
Services are deemed to be accepted if Manufacturer does not receive a notification within
[NUMBER] days after delivery to Buyer or its customers.
Buyer will compensate Manufacturer for all Services rendered in accordance with the rates
specified in the Schedule [SPECIFY]. Unless otherwise agreed, prices shall exclude transport,
insurance, sales taxes and Import duties (outside [SPECIFY] countries) to Buyer' designated
delivery address.
For all materials in stock, older than [NUMBER] days, Manufacturer will charge Buyer with an
Inventory Carriage Charge of [PERCENTAGE %] of its value per month.
Manufacturer will invoice Buyer based on actual shipments that have been performed.
Payments will be due in [COUNTRY] [CURRENCY] within [NUMBER] days after delivery, or
when agreed after delivery of installments or the receipt of invoice by Buyer, which ever is later.
Manufacturer shall invoice Buyer indicating the performed services in [COUNTRY] [CURRENCY]
with reference to this Agreement.
Buyer shall be entitled to deduct from or set off against any sums which Buyer may be liable to
pay to Manufacturer any amounts owed by Manufacturer, its affiliated entities, subsidiaries or
successors in interest.
6. WARRANTY
Manufacturer warrants providing the Services with due diligence and care in accordance with the
specifications set by Buyer. Should Manufacturer not supply the Services as agreed or should the
Services become defective within [NUMBER] months from their delivery to Buyer, Buyer may at
its option require Manufacturer to complete or re-perform the Services within a reasonable period
of time, rescind the contract or refuse payment of the compensation in part or in total,
notwithstanding any damage claims.
7. INDEMNITY
8. LIABILITY
Either party shall be liable for failure or delay in performance of its duties under this Agreement
except for reasons beyond such party's reasonable control. Manufacturer shall not be liable for
indirect or consequential damages unless caused by intention or gross negligence.
9. CONFIDENTIALITY
Both parties shall take reasonable precautions to preserve in strict confidence any confidential or
proprietary information obtained by them, their agents or employees concerning the business,
products, equipment or services of the other party, including without limitation, trade secrets.
Such reasonable precautions shall include exercising precautionary measures designed to
preserve the secrecy of such information and to prevent its disclosure to third parties, except
following prior consent of the other party, with such precautions being at least equivalent to those
taken by each party with respect to its own confidential information.
Manufacturer warrants that the Services supplied to Buyer will not infringe any third parties'
intellectual property rights. Manufacturer will defend and indemnity Buyer against a claim that the
Services supplied hereunder infringe a patent or copyright and will pay resulting costs and
damages provided that Buyer (i) promptly informs Manufacturer in writing of the claim and (ii)
gives Manufacturer sole control of the defense and all related settlement negotiations.
Manufacturer will either procure the right for Buyer to continue using the Services or replace or
modify them so that they become non-infringing or accept return of the Services for a credit equal
to the price paid by Buyer.
Buyer hereby grants Manufacturer the rights to copy in printed or electronic form the master
materials according to the forecasted numbers given to Manufacturer by Buyer.
Buyer may terminate this agreement without cause by giving [NUMBER] days written notice to
MANUFACTURER.
Any lawsuit relating to any matter arising under this Agreement may be initiated in a
State/Provincial or Federal Court located in [STATE/PROVINCE] or in any court in the
[COUNTRY] having jurisdiction over the matter.
14. INSURANCE
Manufacturer shall at its own expense obtain and maintain with an insurer adequate insurance
coverage in respect of any Buyer property under the care, custody or control of Manufacturer.
Manufacturer shall immediately notify Buyer in writing of any theft, loss or damage to any Buyer
property and shall indemnify Buyer in respect of the same.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Agreement as of the date first above
written.
MANUFACTURER BUYER
“Checklist for
Outsourcing Agreement”
This checklist will help you ensure that you included all relevant clauses in an
outsourcing agreement. Please ask your lawyer to review any agreement or contract
before signing it.
Term of agreement
Personnel
Staffing requirements
On customer site/off customer site
Vendor right to change personnel
Customer right to approve personnel
Specific obligations of vendor regarding vendor personnel
Confidentiality
Non-compete
Guaranteed service period for certain personnel
Succession planning
Mix of staff levels
Vendor to offer employment to customer's work force
Define employees to be transitioned
Parameters for offers of employment
Employee transition plan
Vendor to provide services from customer premises until specified date for
conversion to other facilities
List of equipment and services at facilities available for vendor use
List of facilities square footage and rate to be paid, if any for use by vendor
Vendor access to customer facilities
24 hour/normal vendor working hours
Security issues
Relocation of vendor
Customer responsibilities
Establish priorities
Delivery of data
Training
Forms/documents/supplies/consumables
Confidentiality obligations
Customer data
Conversion services
Training
Liability issues
Limitation of liability
Warranties regarding services/products/personnel
Disclaimer of warranties
Indemnities
Termination
Specific rights
Right to extend for limited time upon termination
Termination assistance
Transitional rights and obligations
Offers to personnel
Acquisition of equipment/software
Dispute resolution
Assignment
Insurance requirements
Taxes
Audit issues