CONDICIONALES

Hay tres tipos de condicionales.

Tipo 1 :
 Presente - presente : se usa para hechos generales que no cambian
leyes o hechos científicos. Ejemplos : (If you take drogs regulary you
become addicted to them.
 Presente en futuro : Se usa principalmente para posibilidades futuras.
Ejemplos : (Unless you study, you won’t pass your exams.)

Tipo 2 :
Se usan para condiciones imposibles o muy difícil de conseguir en el presente
o en el futuro. También se usan para dar consejos y sugerencias.

Expresión :
If + past, would + inf.

If I were rich, I would buy a yatch.

If Mary were hear now, se would drive me home.
If I were you, I wouldn’t marry him.
Nota : en este tipo de oraciones el to be pasado se utiliza were para todas las
personas.

Tipo 3 :
Es usada par cosas irreales o imposibles en el pasado :

Expresión :
Past perfect / conditional perfect.
Have + p.p / would + have + p.p

Ejemplos :
We would have gone abroad for our holidays if we hadn’t bought a new car.
If We hadn’t set out, We wouldn’t have been caught in the traffic jam.
If you had listened to your father you wouldn’t have made many mistakes.

Nota : unless significa a no ser que.

Otor punto de vista es: Algunas gramáticas establecen categorías en las

oraciones condicionales tales como "Condicional probable, improbable,
posible" etc). Para los hispanohablantes, entiendo, es más sencillo establecer
las equivalencias con las condiciones en español. En el cuadro que aparece a
continuación expongo todos los tiempos verbales implicados en la realización
de las condicionales. Hay que tener en cuenta algo importante:

No importa el orden de la condición. Ejemplo: Es lo mismo decir "Si viene a la

fiesta lo pasaremos bien" que decir "Lo pasaremos bien si viene a la fiesta".

La condición positiva se expresa en inglés con IF y la negativa con UNLESS (si

no)
 IF TIEMPO 1 TIEMPO 2 MODELO
IF PRESENTE PRESENTE IF YOU STUDY YOU PASS YOUR EXAMS
IF PRESENTE IMPERATIVO IF YOU WANT, COME TO THE PARTY
IF PRESENTE FUTURO IF YOU COME, YOU WILL SEE HER
IF YOU SOLD YOUR CAR, YOU WOULD
IF PASADO CONDICIONAL
GET MUCH MONEY
COND. IF YOU HAD COME TO THE PARTY, YOU
IF PLUSCUAM.
COMPUES. WOULD HAVE SEEN HER

Traducción:

1.- Si estudias, pasas tus exámenes (if+pres+pres)

2.- Si quieres, ven a la fiesta (if+pres+imperativo)

3.- Si vendieras tu coche, ganarías mucho dinero (if+pasado+condicional)

4.- Si hubieras venido a la fiesta, le habrías visto

(if+pluscuamperfecto+condicional compuesto).

Unless:

UNLESS + VERBO AFIRMATIVO= IF + VERBO NEGATIVO

Unless he gives me some money, I shall not be able to buy the train ticket (Trad
1. Si no me da dinero, no podré comprar el billete del tren) (trad 2. A menos
que me de dinero, no podré comprar el billete de tren.

EJERCICIOS PARA LA PRÁCTICA

1. If your message had not come,
2. Come before 7 o’clock if ...
3. If you had worked harder ...
4. If you were a good girl, ...
5. If you don’t visit me, ...
6. If our teacher were not so severe...
7. If I were you, ...
8. If I had known he was here, ...
9. If he wants to see me, ...
10.You would be very angry with us if ...
11.If I have the gate opened....
12.You will have to go to the dentist...
13.If the fire had been noticed earlier...
14.I’d probably have been lost if you...
15.If I had known that you couldn’t eat...
16.It will be nice if...
17.You’ll be cold if...
18.I’m sure they’ll understand if...
19.If I went to the doctor,...
20.I wouldn’t have been so depressed if...
21.What would you do if.....?
22.If we didn’t go to the party,
23.If I was offered a job, I ...
24.If I lost the ring, she....
25.What would happen.....?
26.If I had a cigarette, ...
27.If I were you ...
28.If I had seen you yesterday ...
29.I would have seen you yesterday...
30.I would have gone out...
31.If I have the gate opened....
32.You will have to go to the dentist...
33.If the fire had been noticed earlier...
34.I’d probably have been lost if you...
35.If I had known that you couldn’t eat...
36.It will be nice if...
37.You’ll be cold if...
38.I’m sure they’ll understand if...
39.If I went to the doctor...
40.I wouldn’t have been so depressed if...

1.- Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense:

41.I (need) some money if we (go) out tonight.
42.It (be) funny if Norman (get) the job.
43.If the boys (come) to supper, I (cook) chicken breast.
44.The kitchen (look) better if we (have) red curtains.
45.What (you do) if you (win) the lottery?.
46.If you really (love) me, you (buy) me these diamonds.
47.It (be) nice if you (spend) some time with the children.
48.If we (live) in a town, life would be easier.
49.If she (come) late again, she’ll lost her job.
50.I (go) to the mountains, if I’m free on Saturday.

2.- Put the verb between brackets in the right tense

1. You get annoyed if I (not tell) ____________________ the truth

2. I won’t give it back unless you (promise) ____________________ to behave
yourself
3. If it weren’t so crowded, Brighton (be)____________________ an interesting
place.
4. We would never have asked you if we (not think) ___________________
you’d agree
5. Put the kettle on now if you (want) ___________________ some tea
6. If you follow my advice, you (manage) ___________________ all right
7. You were a fool if you (believe) ___________________ her
8. If I’d thought more about it, I(find) _________________________ the answer
9. People notice you if you (dress) _____________________ expensively
10.If you dressed expensively, people (notice) _________________

3.- Transform into a conditional sentence (1st or 2nd type)

1. I feel very tired, so I won’t come out with you

If I didn’t feel so tired, I would come out with you

2. He doesn’t know he is here, so he won’t tell him to go away

_________________________________________________________________
3. The weather is very cold, that’s why I don’t go to the beach
_________________________________________________________________
4. I can’t stop working because I don’t have a lot of money
__________________________________________________________________
5. I can’t come out for a walk with you because I’m very tired
__________________________________________________________________
6. She doesn’t love you, that’s why she is so horrible to you
__________________________________________________________________
7. Pollution is increasing because there are many cars
 ___________________________________________________________________
8. The climate is changing because there are few trees
______________________________________________________________________

4.- Choose the right option

1. If John (were/would be) here, he (knew/would know) what to do

2. Do you think it (were/would be) a good idea if I (phoned/would phone)
the police?
3. What (did/would) you do if you (won/would win) a million pound?
4. If I (had/would have) more time I (learnt/would learn) either karate or
judo
5. If you (changed/would change) your job, what (did/would) you do?
6. Today (were/would be) Sunday I (were/would be) in bed
7. I (went/would go) and see Jake tomorrow if I (knew/would know) his
address.

5.- Fill in the blanks with the suitable form of the verb in brackets

1. If he (run) ......................... he’ll get there in time

2. If you (finish) ................................ dinner I’ll ask the waiter for the bill
3. I (meet) ............................... you at the airport if knew you are coming
4. You can camp in my field provided you (leave) ............................... no
mess
5. If the fog (get) ...................... thicker hte plane may be diverted
6. If someone tried to blackmail me I (tell) ................................ the police
7. If you (not have)............................. a permit you couldn’t get a job
8. If you (look) .............................. for Peter you’ll find him upstairs
9. We’re going by air and I hate flying. If we (go) .................................... by
boat I’d feel much happier.
10.I would be very grateful if you (make) ................................. the
arrangements for me

6.- Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets
to make first or second conditional sentences

Example: 1 If children watch violent television programmes, they will

become violent
1. If children............................... (watch) violent television programmes,
they will become violent
2. Young children would learn to speak better if they .................................
(watch) less television
3. If you don’t get nervous before the exam, you .................................
(have) any problems
4. If you ............................ (be) rude to your sister, she won’t help you
 5. If Karen ............................ (give) up smoking, she’d feel better
6. If he is still ill tomorrow, he ............................ (not/play) in the match

7.- Complete the questions

Example: 1 If it rains this weekend, what will you do?

1. If it ........................ (rain) this weekend, what will you do?

2. If it is hot tomorrow, what ............................ (you/do)?
3. If you ............................ (win) the lottery, what would you do?
4. If you could travel anywhere in the world, where ...............................
(you/go)?

8.- Transform as in the example

Example: He doesn’t ask me, so I don’t help him

If he asked me, I would help him

1. I don’t have a lot of money, so I don’ travel round the world

____________________________________________________________________
2. George lives in London, so he doesn’t see the Eiffel Tower
____________________________________________________________________
3. They are very hungry because they don’t eat nothing
____________________________________________________________________
4. I’m late. I can’t find my seat
____________________________________________________________________
5. It is raining. So I can’t go out tonight
____________________________________________________________________
6. I can’t understand. Please explain how the machine works
____________________________________________________________________
7. It is very cold, so we can’t wear a swimsuit
___________________________________________________________________
8. John has two brothers, so he hasn’t any brother-in-law
___________________________________________________________________
9. He hasn’t got a car because he can’t drive
___________________________________________________________________
 10.I haven’t a boyfriend. So I can’t get married
___________________________________________________________________

9.- Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets

1. I would buy (buy) this computer if it weren’t so expensive

2. If you .............................. (go) to England, you’d improve your accent
3. You can stay here longer if you ............................... (want)
4. We won’t come along to the party if we .............................. (not/invited)
5. If I ..................... (be) you, I’d apologise to them immediately
6. If I had five million euros, I ............................... (not/know) what to do
wih the money
7. We .............................. (not/catch) the train if we don’t hurry
8. If Paco ........................... (have) a temperature, he won’t be able to come
along to the beach
9. .................................. (you/babysit) for us if we asked you to?
10.Don’t eat hat fruit if it..................................... (not/be) ripe

10.- Finish the sentences taking care to use the correct tense (first and
second type)

1. We’ll send for the doctor if...........................................................

2. The grass would look better if......................................................
3. If there isn’t enough wine in that bottle.......................................
4. If you ate less..............................................................................
5. Try on the blue one if..................................................................
6. If she practised more....................................................................
7. If we leave before breakfast..........................................................
8. If you tried to climb it without a guide..........................................
9. If the river rises any higher..........................................................
10.If the volcano starts erupting.......................................................
11.If you had any sense....................................................................
12.If you didn’t shake your camera so much, your
photographs .........................................................

11.- Put the verb in the correct form

 1. I (give) ____________________ you a cigarette if I had one, but I’m afraid I
haven’t
2. This soup would taste better if it (have) __________________ more salt in
it.
3. If you (not go) _________________ to bed so late every night, you wouldn’t
be so tired all the time
4. I wouldn’t mind living in England if the weather (be) __________________
better
5. I’d help you if I (can) __________________ but I’m afraid I can’t
6. If I were you, I (not marry) ___________________ him
7. We would happily buy that house if it (not be) ________________ so
small.

12.- Put the verb in brackets in the correct form

1. If you (find) ______________ a skeleton in the cellar don’t mention it to

anyone
2. If you pass your examination we (have) __________________ a celebration
3. What (happen) __________________ if I press this button?
4. I should have voted for him if I (have) _________________ a vote then
5. If you go to Paris where you ______________ (stay)?
6. If someone offered to buy you one of those rings, which you (choose)
_______________?
7. The flight may be cancelled if the fog (get)_____________ thick
8. If the milkman (come) ________________ tell him to leave two pints
9. Someone (sit) _________________ on your glasses if you leave them there
10.You would play better bridge if you (not talk) _______________ so much
11.What I (do) ______________ if I hear the burglar alarm?
12.If you (read) ______________ the instruction carefully you wouldn’t have
answered the wrong question.
13.- Complete

1. If you don’t eat, you’ll get thin

2. If you......................................................................................., you’ll
get tired
3. If you ....................................................................................., you’ll get
thirsty
4. If you........................................................................................., you’ll
get wet
5. If I ..............................................................................................., I’ll be
happy
6. If......................................................................................, I’ll be very
unhappy
7. If ............................................................................, it will be very bad
for the country
8. If.........................................................., it will be very good for the
country

14.- Pon el verbo entre paréntesis en la forma verbal adecuada

1. You (see) ......................... better if you (light)............................ the

lamp
2. If they (listen)........................... to such a loud music, they
(get) .................... deaf
3. Peter (drive) ........................ a car if he (be) ......................... 18 years
old
4. They (play) ....................... football If they (have).......................... some
time
5. If she (sing) ......................... marvellously, she (go)....................... to
Eurovision
6. They (come)................... here if they (can) ........................
7. I (not ask) .............................. someone to do it for me if I
(know) ...................... how to do that
8. If the children (like) ......................... playing basketball, they
(be) ..................... playing the whole day
 9. If you (travel) ........................ to Greece, you (see) .........................
beautiful buildings
10.If you (smoke) ................... so much, they (get) ............................ very
ill
11. Would you (buy) ........................ that car if you (can) ......................?
12.I (write) ..................... a novel if I (be) ........................ good at writing
13.She (like) ..................... living in Cuba, if she (be) ................... rich

15.- Termina las frases

1. If I were rich............................................................................

2. If I were the Prime Minister ......................................................

3. If I study at university .............................................................

4. If I found a dog..........................................................................

5. If I were 21 years old ................................................................

6. If I had a job.............................................................................