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Guia de Diseño AISC No 11-Murray PDF
Guia de Diseño AISC No 11-Murray PDF
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TODAY’S OBJECTIVES
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OVERVIEW OF DG11 2ND Ed.
TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLA DE CONTENIDO
1. Introduction 1. Introducción
2. Evaluation Criteria for Human 2. Criterio de Evaluación enfocado a
Comfort la Comodidad Humana
3. Natural Frequency of Steel- 3. Frecuencia Natural de Vibración de
Sistemas de Entrepiso en Edificios
Framed Floor Systems Aporticados de Acero
4. Design for Walking Excitation 4. Diseño para Vibraciones Inducidas
5. Design for Rhythmic Excitation al Caminar
6. Design for Sensitive Equipment 5. Diseño para Vibraciones Inducidas
por Actividades Rítmicas
and Sensitive Occupancies
6. Diseño Asociado a Uso y
7. Finite Element Analysis Equipamiento Sensibles a
Methods Vibraciones
8. Evaluation of Vibration 7. Métodos de Análisis Basados en
Problems and Remedial Elementos Finitos
Measures 8. Evaluación de Problemas de
Symbols Vibración y Medidas Correctivas.
References Símbolos
Referencias
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OVERVIEW OF DG11 2ND Ed.
1. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCCIÓN
1.1 Objectives of Design Guide 1.1 Objetivos de la Guía de
Diseño
1.2 Road Map
1.2 Mapa de Ruta
1.3 Background 1.3 Antecedentes
1.4 Basic Vibration Terminology 1.4 Vocabulario Relacionado
1.5 Structural Response con Vibraciones
Principles Related to Human 1.5 Fundamentos de la
Activity Respuesta Estructural
1.6 Walking, Running and Asociada con la Actividad
Humana
Rhythmic Forcing Functions
1.6 Caminar, Correr y
1.7 Use of Finite Element Funciones de Fuerza Rítmica
Analysis 1.7 Uso de Análisis Basados
en Elementos Finitos
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OVERVIEW OF DG11 2ND Ed.
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OVERVIEW OF DG11 2ND Ed.
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OVERVIEW OF DG11 2ND Ed.
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OVERVIEW OF DG11 2ND Ed.
8. EVALUATION OF 8. EVALUACIÓN DE
VIBRATION PROBLEMS PROBLEMAS DE
AND REMEDIAL VIBRACIÓN Y MEDIDAS
MEASURES CORRECTIVAS.
8.1 Evaluation 8.1 Evaluación
8.2 Recommended Vibration 8.2 Técnicas Recomendadas
Measurement Techniques en la Medición de Vibraciones.
8.3 Remedial Measures 8.3 Medidas Correctivas
8.4 Protection of Sensitive 8.4 Protección de Equipos
Equipment Sensibles a las Vibraciones
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SELECTED TOPICS FOR TODAY’S PRESENTATION
C. PEDESTRIAN BRIDGES
D. MONUMENTAL STAIRS
E. SENSITIVE EQUIPMENT
a p P o exp( -0.35f n ) a o
=
g βW g
• Frequency
• Superimposed Loads and Damping
• Tips on determining Floor Width and Floor Length
• How good is DG11 2nd Ed. Human Tolerance Criterion
for Walking?
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A. DESIGN FOR WALKING EXCITATION
• Tolerance Criterion:a p P o exp( -0.35f n ) a o
=
g βW g
• Walking Dynamic Loading:
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A. DESIGN FOR WALKING EXCITATION
• Specialized Fourier Series for Walking
4
F (t ) 0 Q i sin(2 i f Step t i )
i 1
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A. DESIGN FOR WALKING EXCITATION
• Specialized Fourier Series for Walking
4
F (t ) 0 Q i sin(2 i f Step t i )
i 1
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A. DESIGN FOR WALKING EXCITATION
• Specialized Fourier Series for Walking
0.35 f n
0.83e
F Q x
(Q )( 0.83 )e0.35 fn
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A. DESIGN FOR WALKING EXCITATION
• Single Degree of Freedom (SDOF) Approximation
a(t ) F
aSteadyState
K 2M
F sin( 2f nt )
M
(at resonance)
C
t
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A. DESIGN FOR WALKING EXCITATION
• Adjust for
• Incomplete resonant build-up.
• Walker and annoyed person are not at the same
location at the same time.
• Use a reduction factor, R = 0.5 for floors with two-way
mode shapes
• Use R = 0.7 for footbridges with a one-way mode.
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A. DESIGN FOR WALKING EXCITATION
• Putting it All Together
Po = (0.5)(0.7 kN)(0.83)
= 0.29 kN for floors
Po = (0.7)(0.7 kN)(0.83)
= 0.41 kN for pedestrian bridges
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A. DESIGN FOR WALKING EXCITATION
• Predicted Peak Acceleration Due to Walking
a p P o exp(0.35 f n)
g W
a p P o exp(0.35 f n) a o
g W g
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A. DESIGN FOR WALKING EXCITATION
a p P o exp(0.35 f n) a o
• Resonance
g W g
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A. DESIGN FOR WALKING EXCITATION
• Definitions
ap = peak acceleration a p P o exp(0.35 f n) a o
ao = acceleration limit g W g
gE s I t (Hz.)
f
2 4
wL
n
5wL / 384E s I t
4
(mm)
f 0.18 g / (Hz.)
n
f 0.18 g / ( )
n b g
beam deflection, mm
b Bay
girder deflection, mm
g
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A. DESIGN FOR WALKING EXCITATION
a p P o exp(0.35 f n) a o
g W g
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A. DESIGN FOR WALKING EXCITATION
• Office Build-Outs
j g
W = W + W
j g
j
j g
g
W j =(w j /S)B j L j
Floor Length
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A. DESIGN FOR WALKING EXCITATION
• Effective Weight, W
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A. DESIGN FOR WALKING EXCITATION
• Floor Length and Floor Width
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10 5 @ 10 = 50 10
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A. DESIGN FOR WALKING EXCITATION
• Floor Length and Floor Width
Floor Length
Exterior Cladding
(Wall Support)
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A. DESIGN FOR WALKING EXCITATION
• How Accurate is the DG11 Walking Tolerance Criterion?
a p P o exp(0.35 f n) a o
g W g
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B. DESIGN FOR RHYTHMIC EXCITATION
TOPICS:
• Human Tolerance Criterion for Rhythmic Excitation
• Loadings
• Reduction for Loaded Area
• Deflection Rule
• Design Solutions
• Aerobics in Multi-Story Buildings
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B. DESIGN FOR RHYTHMIC EXCITATION
• Human Tolerance Criterion for Rhythmic Activities
1.5 1/1.5
a p ,i
ap ao
1.5 Power Rule
g g g
where ao /g = acceleration tolerance limit
i = harmonic number = 1, 2, 3
1.3 i w p / wt
a p ,i
2
fn
2
2 f n
2
if step
1
if step
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B. DESIGN FOR RHYTHMIC EXCITATION
• Tolerance Acceleration Limits
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B. DESIGN FOR RHYTHMIC EXCITATION
• Dynamic Loading Parameters
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B. DESIGN FOR RHYTHMIC EXCITATION
• Reduction in Loading Considering Activity Area in Bay
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B. DESIGN FOR RHYTHMIC EXCITATION
• Aerobics on a Floor Designed for Office Occupancy
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B. DESIGN FOR RHYTHMIC EXCITATION
• Aerobics on a Floor Designed for Office Occupancy
43.3%g
Note:
fn/2 = 4.43 Hz/2
= 2.22 Hz
(Second Harmonic
Resonance)
2.22 Hz
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B. DESIGN FOR RHYTHMIC EXCITATION
• Rhythmic Frequency Rule
g
f n 0.18
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B. DESIGN FOR RHYTHMIC EXCITATION
• Design Tip:
Activity Flooring -- Does not reduce structural vibrations.
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B. DESIGN FOR RHYTHMIC EXCITATION
• Design Tip:
Isolation: Double Framing
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B. DESIGN FOR RHYTHMIC EXCITATION
• Design Tip:
Checkerboard Framing to
Reduce Girder Size
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DESIGN FOR RHYTHMIC EXCITATION
• Upper Story Responses from Rhythmic Activity
R Office Personnel Complaining
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Dance Studios
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8
7
6
5
4
3
2
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B. DESIGN FOR RHYTHMIC EXCITATION
• Upper Story Responses from Rhythmic Activity
• Jumping at 2 Hz.
• Frequency of 10th Floor
was 4 Hz.
• Resonance Problem
• Need to Consider
Column Shortening
g
f n 0.18
j g c
• ∆c = Column Shortening
13.000
11.000 Synchronized an =n a1
n/a 1
9.000
Ratio of a
RMS Natural
7.000
5.000
Natural an = √n a1
New Criterion 3.000
1.000
a p 0.41 n exp(0.35 f n) a o 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39
5% 7%
W
Number of Walkers
g g
n = Number of Walkers
Engineering judgement
required to determine n.
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D. MONUMENTAL STAIRS
TOPICS:
• Features and Challenges
• Evaluation Criteria
• Tolerance Limits
• DG11 Chapter 4 – Manual
Calculation Method
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D. MONUMENTAL STAIRS
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D. MONUMENTAL STAIRS
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D. MONUMENTAL STAIRS
• Tolerance Limits
• Waveform Sinusoidal Peak Accelerations
• Regular Descents & Ascents
• Similar to indoor footbridges.
• 1.7%g
• Fast Descents & Ascents
• People expect more severe vibrations.
• 3.0%g
• Fast Groups
• 4.5%g
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D. MONUMENTAL STAIRS
No vertical support.
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D. MONUMENTAL STAIRS
gEI
fn
2 Ws L3s
x
sin
Ls
Meff 0.5MS
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D. MONUMENTAL STAIRS
where
g = 0.29 for a regular descent, 0.19 for fast
R = 0.7 for a regular descent; 0.7 or 0.5 for fast
Q = 0.75 kN
Ws = weight of stair, kN
β = damping
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D. MONUMENTAL STAIRS
= 0.01 = 0.038
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E. SENSITIVE EQUIPMENT
• Manufacturer’s requirements
often in terms of velocity, but
sometimes acceleration.
• Generic requirements are
available.
• Requirements are usually
very strict.
• Massive and stiff floors are
required.
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E. SENSITIVE EQUIPMENT
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E. SENSITIVE EQUIPMENT
1
10
0
10
4 5 6.3 8 10 12.5 16 20
Time (sec)
Frequency (Hz)
Acceleration Waveform Narrowband Acceleration One-third Octave
Spectrum Velocity Spectrum 59
E. SENSITIVE EQUIPMENT
Example: Waveform
Acceleration Limit
• GE Open MRI Pre-
installation Manual
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E. SENSITIVE EQUIPMENT
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E. SENSITIVE EQUIPMENT
0.1
Peak Accel. = 0.0537 %g
Limit = 0.01 m/s2
Pred. Acceleration (%g)
X: 1.551
Y: 0.04613
0.05
0 aPeakToPeak = 0.0998%g
= 0.00979 m/s2
-0.05
X: 1.5
Y: -0.05374
-0.1
0 1 2 3 4 5
Time (sec.)
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E. SENSITIVE EQUIPMENT
0.006
0.004
0.002
0
5 10 15 20
Frequency (Hz)
Acceleration Due to Walking
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E. SENSITIVE EQUIPMENT
Generic Limits
• Specific limited are often not
available. Generic limits can
be used.
• Usually expressed as one-
third octave spectral velocity
magnitudes.
• Most common are Vibration
Criteria (VC) curves
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E. SENSITIVE EQUIPMENT
900 min./s.
Lengthy
Mathematical
Operations
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E. SENSITIVE EQUIPMENT
175 106
e gfn if fn fL
W fn
V1/3
250 106 fstep
2.43
2 fn / fstep
1 e if fn fU
W 1.8
fn
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E. SENSITIVE EQUIPMENT
Predicted Frequency
• fn = min(fb, fg)
Walking Speeds
• Difficult to compare first Second Edition First Edition
and second editions.
Models very different. Very Slow 75 bpm Slow 50 bpm
Slow 96 bpm
Moderate 75 bpm
Moderate 111 bpm
Fast 126 bpm Fast 100 bpm
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E. SENSITIVE EQUIPMENT
x ( y Lg )
sin sin if fb fg
Lb 3Lg
( x Lb ) y
sin sin if fb fg
3Lb Lg
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E. SENSITIVE EQUIPMENT
= we
where
fw = mode shape value at walker
fe = mode shape value at equipment
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F. FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS METHODS
Cantilever
Manual methods in Chapters
4, 5, and 6.
• Easier
• Experience
• Better established
FEA Methods
• Use FEA methods in
Chapter 7 for structures
outside the scope of
manual methods.
Partitions
Retrofit
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F. FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS METHODS
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F. FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS METHODS
Bay Being
Evaluated
Model Development
• Extent of Model
Do not over-predict area in motion.
• Slab
Shell elements
Uncracked
• Members
Frame elements
Transformed MOI
Continuous connections
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F. FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS METHODS
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F. FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS METHODS
X: 9.1
1 lb sinusoidal force Y: 0.01498
X: 7.2
Y: 0.00756
1 lb
Steady state
response, %g
Frequency = f
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F. FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS METHODS
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F. FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS METHODS
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F. FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS METHODS
1/1.5
ap a1.5
p,i
i
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GRACIAS!
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