Está en la página 1de 41

Elogios Para 2&RGLÀFDGRU/LPSR

³7LR%RE´0DUWLQGH¿QLWLYDPHQWHHOHYDRQtYHOFRPHVWHVHX~OWLPROLYUR
(OHH[SOLFDVXDVH[SHFWDWLYDVSDUDTXHXPSURJUDPDGRUSUR¿VVLRQDOJHUHQFLH
LQWHUDo}HVWHPSRDSUHVVmRDFRODERUDomRHDHVFROKDGHTXDLVIHUUDPHQWDVXVDU
$OpPGH7''H$''70DUWLQH[SOLFDQmRVRPHQWHRTXHWRGRSURJUDPDGRUTXH
VHFRQVLGHUDSUR¿VVLRQDOSUHFLVDVDEHUPDVWDPEpPRTXHSUHFLVDVHJXLUD¿PGH
ID]HUFRPTXHDMRYHPSUR¿VVmRGHGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHVRIWZDUHFUHVoD
— Markus Gärtner
Desenvolvedor Sênior de Software
it-agile GmbH/www.it-agile.de/www.shine.de (conteúdo em inglês)

$OJXQVOLYURVWpFQLFRVLQVSLUDPHHQVLQDPRXWURVHQFDQWDPHGLYHUWHP
5DUDPHQWHXPOLYURWpFQLFRID]WRGDVHVVDVTXDWURFRLVDV1DPLQKDRSLQLmRRV
OLYURVGH5REHUW&0DUWLQVHPSUHDWHQGHPDHVVHVUHTXLVLWRVH2&RGL¿FDGRU
LimpoQmRpH[FHomR/HLDDSUHQGDHYLYDDVOLo}HVGHVWHOLYURHYRFrSRGHUi
LQWLWXODUVHXPSUR¿VVLRQDOGHVRIWZDUH
— George Bullock
Gerente Sênior de Programação
Microsoft Corp.

6HRFXUVRGH&LrQFLDGD&RPSXWDomRWLYHVVH³OHLWXUDREULJDWyULDDSyVD
JUDGXDomR´VHULDHVWD1RPXQGRUHDORFyGLJRUXLPQmRGHVDSDUHFHTXDQGRR
VHPHVWUHDFDEDYRFrQmRUHFHEHXP$SRUWHUIHLWRXPDPDUDWRQDFRGL¿FDGRUD
QDQRLWHDQWHULRUGDGHYLGDWDUHIDHSLRUGHWXGRYRFrSUHFLVDOLGDUFRPSHVVRDV
(QWmRJXUXVGDFRGL¿FDomRQmRVmRQHFHVVDULDPHQWHSUR¿VVLRQDLV2&RGL¿FDGRU
LimpoGHVFUHYHDMRUQDGDDRSUR¿VVLRQDOLVPRHID]XPWUDEDOKRQRWDYHOPHQWH
GLYHUWLGRDSDUWLUGHOD
— Jeff Overbey
Universidade de Illinois em Urbana-Champaign

2&RGL¿FDGRU/LPSRpPXLWRPDLVTXHXPFRQMXQWRGHUHJUDVHGLUHWUL]HV(OH
FRQWpPFRQKHFLPHQWRHVDEHGRULDFRQTXLVWDGRVDGXUDVSHQDVTXHQRUPDOPHQWHVmR
REWLGRVSRUPXLWRVDQRVGHWHQWDWLYDHHUURRXDRWUDEDOKDUFRPRDSUHQGL]GHXP
PHVWUH6HYRFrVHLQWLWXODSUR¿VVLRQDOGHVRIWZDUHSUHFLVDGHVWHOLYUR
— R. L. Bogetti
Projetista de Sistema de Liderança
Baxter Healthcare/www.RLBogetti.com
O Codificador Limpo
O Codificador Limpo
U M C Ó DIG O DE C O ND UTA PA R A
P RO G R A MA DO R ES P RO F IS S I O NA IS

R o b e r t C . M a r tin

R io de J a ne iro, 20 1 2
(QWUHHWUDEDOKHLFRP-LP1HZNLUNXPFROHJDGH7HUDG\QH
3DUWLOKiYDPRVXPDSDL[mRSHODSURJUDPDomRHSHORFyGLJROLPSR3DVViYDPRV
QRLWHV¿QDLVGHWDUGHH¿QVGHVHPDQDMXQWRVEULQFDQGRFRPGLIHUHQWHVHVWLORVGH
SURJUDPDomRHWpFQLFDVGHGHVHQYROYLPHQWR(VWiYDPRVRWHPSRWRGRFRQYHUVDQGR
VREUHLGHLDVGHQHJyFLRV)LQDOPHQWHFULDPRVMXQWRVDObject Mentor, Inc.$SUHQGL
PXLWDVFRLVDVFRP-LPQDPHGLGDHPTXHWUDoiYDPRVQRVVRVSODQRVMXQWRV0DV
XPDGDVFRLVDVPDLVLPSRUWDQWHVIRLVXDDWLWXGHGHtrabalho éticoHUDDOJRTXHHX
OXWDYDSDUDHPXODU-LPpXPSUR¿VVLRQDO7HQKRRUJXOKRGHWHUWUDEDOKDGRFRPHOH
HFKDPiORGHDPLJR
Sumário

S U MÁ R IO

Prefácio xiii
Introdução xix
Agradecimentos xxiii
Sobre o Autor xxix
Sobre a Capa xxxi

Introdução Pré-Requisito 1
Capítulo 1 Profissionalismo 7
 &XLGDGRFRPR4XH9RFr3HGH 
 $VVXPLQGR5HVSRQVDELOLGDGH 
 3ULPHLUR1mR&DXVH'DQRV 
 eWLFDGH7UDEDOKR 
 %LEOLRJUD¿D 

Capítulo 2 Dizendo Não 23


 3DSpLV&RQWUDGLWyULRV 
 $SRVWDV$OWDV 
 7UDEDOKDQGRHP(TXLSH 
 2&XVWRGH'L]HU6LP 
 &yGLJR,PSRVVtYHO 

ix
Sumário

Capítulo 3 Dizendo Sim 45


8PD/LQJXDJHPGH&RPSURPHWLPHQWR 
 $SUHQGHQGR&RPR'L]HU³6LP´ 
 &RQFOXVmR 

Capítulo 4 Codificando 57
 3UHSDUDomR 
 $=RQDGH)OX[R 
 2%ORTXHLRGR3URJUDPDGRU 
 'HSXUDomR 
 (VWDEHOHFHQGRR5LWPR 
 $WUDVDQGRVH 
 $MXGD 
 %LEOLRJUD¿D 

Capítulo 5 Desenvolvimento Guiado Por Teste (TDD) 77


 2-XUL&KHJRX 
 $V7UrV/HLVGR7'' 
 24XHR7''1mRe 
 %LEOLRJUD¿D 

Capítulo 6 Prática 85
 $OJXPDV&RQVLGHUDo}HV6REUHD3UiWLFD 
 2&RGLQJ'RMR 
 $PSOLDQGRVXD([SHULrQFLD 
 &RQFOXVmR 
 %LEOLRJUD¿D 

Capítulo 7 Teste de Aceitação 95


 &RPXQLFDQGRRV5HTXHULPHQWRV 
 7HVWHVGH$FHLWDomR 
 &RQFOXVmR 

Capítulo 8 Estratégias de Teste 113


 $*DUDQWLDGH4XDOLGDGH *4 1mR'HYHUi(QFRQWUDU1DGD 
 $3LUkPLGHGH7HVWHVGH$XWRPDomR 

x
Sumário

 &RQFOXVmR 
 %LEOLRJUD¿D 

Capítulo 9 Gerenciamento de Tempo 121


 5HXQL}HV 
 )RFR0DQD 
 $SURYHLWDPHQWRGH7HPSRH7RPDWHV 
 (YLWDU 
 %HFRVVHP6DtGD 
 $WROHLURV/DPDoDLVH3kQWDQRV 
 &RQFOXVmR 

Capítulo 10 Estimativa 135


 24XHp8PD(VWLPDWLYD 
 3(57 
 (VWLPDWLYDGH7DUHIDV 
 $/HLGRV1~PHURV*UDQGHV 
 &RQFOXVmR 
 %LEOLRJUD¿D 

Capítulo 11 Pressão 149


 (YLWDQGRD3UHVVmR 
 /LGDQGRFRPD3UHVVmR 
 &RQFOXVmR 

Capítulo 12 Colaboração 157


 3URJUDPDGRUHVYHUVXV3HVVRDV 
 &HUHEHORV 
 &RQFOXVmR 

Capítulo 13 Projetos e Equipes 167


 (OHV6H0LVWXUDP" 
 &RQFOXVmR 
 %LEOLRJUD¿D 

Capítulo 14 Ensino, Aprendizagem e Habilidade 173


 *UDXVGH)UDFDVVR 

xi
Sumário

 (QVLQR 
 $SUHQGL]DJHP 
 +DELOLGDGH 
 &RQFOXVmR 
Apêndice A Uso das Ferramentas 187
 )HUUDPHQWDV 
 &RQWUROHGR&yGLJRIRQWH 
 ,'((GLWRU 
 $FRPSDQKDPHQWRGH,WHQV 
 &RQVWUXomR&RQWtQXD 
 )HUUDPHQWDVGH7HVWHVGH8QLGDGHV 
 )HUUDPHQWDVGH7HVWHVGH&RPSRQHQWHV 
 )HUUDPHQWDVGH7HVWHVGH,QWHJUDomR 
 80/0'$ 
 &RQFOXVmR 
ËQGLFH   

xii
Prefácio

P R EF ÁC I O

9RFrHVFROKHXHVWHOLYURHQWmRSUHVXPRTXHVHMDXPSUR¿VVLRQDOGHVRIWZDUH,VVR
pERPHXWDPEpPVRX(XPDYH]TXHWHQKRVXDDWHQomRSHUPLWDPHGL]HUSRUTXH
HXHVFROKLHVWHOLYUR

7XGRFRPHoRXKiSRXFRWHPSRHPXPOXJDUQmRPXLWRGLVWDQWH$EUDPDVFRUWLQDV
OX]HVHFkPHUDV&KDUOH\

$QRVDWUiVHXWUDEDOKDYDHPXPDHPSUHVDGHPpGLRSRUWHYHQGHQGRSURGXWRV
DOWDPHQWHUHJXODGRV9RFrFRQKHFHRWLSRVHQWiYDPRVHPFXEtFXORVHPXPSUpGLR
GHWUrVDQGDUHVGLUHWRUHVHVHXVVXSHULRUHVWLQKDPHVFULWyULRVSULYDGRVHMXQWDUWRGR
PXQGRTXHYRFrSUHFLVDYDSDUDXPDUHXQLmROHYDYDXPDVHPDQD

2SHUiYDPRVHPXPPHUFDGREDVWDQWHFRPSHWLWLYRTXDQGRRJRYHUQRWRUQRXXP
QRYRSURGXWRDFHVVtYHO

'HUHSHQWHWtQKDPRVXPFRQMXQWRGHFOLHQWHVHPSRWHQFLDOFRPSOHWDPHQWHQRYR
WXGRRTXHQHFHVVLWiYDPRVID]HUHUDGDUXPMHLWRSDUDTXHHOHVFRPSUDVVHPR
SURGXWR,VVRVLJQL¿FDYDTXHSUHFLViYDPRVSHGLUGHWHUPLQDGRSUD]RSDUDRJRYHUQR
IHGHUDOSDVVDUXPDDXGLWRULDGHDYDOLDomRHPRXWUDGDWDHFKHJDUDRPHUFDGRHP
XPDWHUFHLUD

5HSHWLGDPHQWHQRVVRJHUHQWHHQIDWL]DYDDLPSRUWkQFLDGDTXHODVGDWDV8PD~QLFD
HVFRUUHJDGDQRVGHL[DULDGHIRUDGRPHUFDGRSRUXPDQRHVHRVFOLHQWHVQmR

xiii
Prefácio

SXGHVVHPVHFDGDVWUDUQRSULPHLURGLDHQWmRWRGRVVHFDGDVWUDULDPFRPRXWURH
HVWDUtDPRVIRUDGRQHJyFLR

(VVHpRWLSRGHDPELHQWHQRTXDODOJXPDVSHVVRDVUHFODPDPHRXWUDVDSRQWDPTXH
D³SUHVVmRSURGX]GLDPDQWHV´

(XHUDJHUHQWHGHSURMHWRWpFQLFRSURPRYLGRGRVHWRUGHGHVHQYROYLPHQWR0LQKD
UHVSRQVDELOLGDGHHUDDGHFRORFDURVLWHQRDUGLDULDPHQWHGHIRUPDTXHRVFOLHQWHV
SRWHQFLDLVSXGHVVHPEDL[DULQIRUPDo}HVHPDLVLPSRUWDQWHRVIRUPXOiULRVGH
FDGDVWUDPHQWR0HXSDUFHLURQDHPSUHLWDGDHUDRJHUHQWHGHSURMHWRVGHQHJyFLRV
DTXHPFKDPDUHLGH-RH2SDSHOGHOHHUDGHJHUHQFLDURRXWURODGROLGDQGRFRP
YHQGDVPDUNHWLQJHDVH[LJrQFLDVTXHQmRIRVVHPWpFQLFDV(OHWDPEpPHUDRFDUD
TXHJRVWDYDGRFRPHQWiULR³SUHVVmRSURGX]GLDPDQWHV´

6HYRFrMiWUDEDOKRXEDVWDQWHQRPXQGRFRUSRUDWLYRSURYDYHOPHQWHMiYLXRV
GHGRVDSRQWDGRVjSURFXUDGHFXOSDGRVHSHVVRDVFRPDYHUVmRDRWUDEDOKRRTXH
pFRPSOHWDPHQWHQDWXUDO1RVVDHPSUHVDWLQKDXPDVROXomRLQWHUHVVDQWHSDUDHVVH
SUREOHPDFRPLJRHFRP-RH

8PSRXTXLQKRFRPR%DWPDQH5RELQQRVVRWUDEDOKRHUDGHID]HUFRPTXH
DVFRLVDVDFRQWHFHVVHP(XPHHQFRQWUDYDFRPDHTXLSHWpFQLFDGLDULDPHQWH
HPXPFDQWRUHSDVViYDPRVDDJHQGDWRGRVDQWRGLDGHVFREUtDPRVRFDPLQKR
SULQFLSDOHHQWmRUHPRYtDPRVFDGDSRVVtYHOREVWiFXORGHOH6HDOJXpP
SUHFLVDYDGHVRIWZDUHtDPRVEXVFiOR6HHOHV³DGRUDYDP´FRQ¿JXUDUR
¿UHZDOOPDV³&DUDPEDpKRUDGRDOPRoR´FRPSUiYDPRVDOPRoRSDUDHOHV6H
DOJXpPTXLVHVVHWUDEDOKDUHPQRVVRWLFNHWGHFRQ¿JXUDomRPDVWLYHVVHRXWUDV
SULRULGDGHV-RHHHXIDOiYDPRVFRPRVXSHUYLVRU

'HSRLVFRPRJHUHQWH

'HSRLVFRPRGLUHWRU

&RQVHJXtDPRVTXHDVFRLVDVIRVVHPIHLWDV

eXPSRXFRGHH[DJHURGL]HUTXHFKXWiYDPRVFDGHLUDVSDUDRDOWRJULWiYDPRVH
GiYDPRVHVFkQGDORPDVXVDPRVFDGDWpFQLFDGLVSRQtYHOSDUDFRQVHJXLUTXHDVFRLVDV
IRVVHPIHLWDVLQYHQWDPRVDOJXPDVQRYDVDRORQJRGRFDPLQKRH¿]HPRVLVVRGHXPD
IRUPDpWLFDTXHPHRUJXOKDDWpKRMH

xiv
Prefácio

(XSHQVDYDHPPLPPHVPRFRPRXPPHPEURGDHTXLSHQmRSDVVDQGRSRUFLPD
GHODSDUDHVFUHYHUXPDLQVWUXomR64/RXID]HUXPEUHYHHPSDUHOKDPHQWRD¿P
GHREWHUXPFyGLJR$RPHVPRWHPSRSHQVDYDHP-RHGDPHVPDPDQHLUDFRPR
PHPEURGDHTXLSHQmRDFLPDGHOD

)LQDOPHQWHSHUFHELTXH-RHQmRSDUWLOKDYDGDPHVPDRSLQLmR$TXHOHIRLXPGLD
PXLWRWULVWHSDUDPLP

(UDVH[WDIHLUDjVKRVLWHHVWDYDSURJUDPDGRSDUDHQWUDUQRDUEHPFHGRQD
VHJXQGDIHLUDVHJXLQWH

+DYtDPRVDFDEDGR $&$%$'2 7RGRVRVVLVWHPDVHVWDYDPSUHSDUDGRVDVVLP


FRPRQyV(XWLQKDDHTXLSHGHWHFQRORJLDLQWHLUDFRQYRFDGDSDUDDUHXQLmR¿QDOH
HVWiYDPRVSURQWRVSDUDOLJDURLQWHUUXSWRU0DLVGRTXH³VRPHQWH´DHTXLSHWpFQLFD
WtQKDPRVFRQRVFRDVSHVVRDVGHQHJyFLRVGRPDUNHWLQJRVGRQRVGRSURGXWR

(VWiYDPRVRUJXOKRVRV(UDXPERPPRPHQWR

(QWmR-RHDSDUHFHX

(OHGLVVHDOJRFRPR³0iVQRWtFLDV2MXUtGLFRQmRWHPRVIRUPXOiULRVGHFDGDVWUR
DLQGDHQWmRQmRSRGHPRVHQWUDUQRDU´

,VVRQmRHUDJUDQGHFRLVDWtQKDPRVVLGRGHWLGRVSRUXPDFRLVDRXRXWUDDRORQJR
GHWRGRRSURMHWRHWtQKDPRVDURWLQD%DWPDQ5RELQQDSRQWDGDOtQJXD(X
HVWDYDSURQWRHPLQKDUHVSRVWDIRLHVVHQFLDOPHQWH³2NSDUFHLURYDPRVID]HU
LVVRPDLVXPDYH]2MXUtGLFR¿FDQRWHUFHLURDQGDUFHUWR"´

$tDVFRLVDV¿FDUDPHVWUDQKDV

$RLQYpVGHFRQFRUGDUFRPLJR-RHSHUJXQWRX³'RTXHYRFrHVWiIDODQGR0DWW"´

(XGLVVH³9RFrVDEH1RVVRYHOKRWUXTXH(VWDPRVIDODQGRGHTXDWURDUTXLYRVHP
3')FHUWR"(OHVHVWmRIHLWRVRMXUtGLFRVySUHFLVDDSURYiORV"9DPRVDSDUHFHUHP
VHXVFXEtFXORVGDUXPDROKDGDIHLDHFRQVHJXLUTXHLVVRseja feito´

-RHQmRFRQFRUGRXFRPRTXHHXGLVVHHUHVSRQGHX³1yVHQWUDPRVQRDUXPSRXFR
GHSRLVQDVHPDQDTXHYHP1mRpJUDQGHFRLVD´

xv
Prefácio

9RFrSURYDYHOPHQWHSRGHDGLYLQKDURUHVWRGHQRVVDFRQYHUVDIRLDOJRPDLVRX
PHQRVDVVLP

0DWW ³0DVSRUTXr"(OHVSRGHPID]HULVVRHPSRXFDVKRUDV´
-RH ³3RGHOHYDUPDLVGRTXHLVVR´
0DWW ³0DVHOHVWrPWRGRR¿QDOGHVHPDQD7HPSRRVX¿FLHQWH9DPRV
Oi´
-RH ³0DWWHOHVVmRSUR¿VVLRQDLV1mRSRGHPRVVLPSOHVPHQWHHQFDUi
ORVHSHGLUTXHVDFUL¿TXHPVXDVYLGDVSHVVRDLVSRUQRVVRSHTXHQR
SURMHWR´
0DWW SDXVD ³-RHRTXHYRFrDFKDTXHWHPRVIHLWRFRPDHTXLSHGH
HQJHQKDULDQRV~OWLPRVTXDWURPHVHV"´
-RH ³6LPPDVHVVHVVmRSUR¿VVLRQDLV´

3DXVD

5HVSLUH

24XH-RH$FDERX'H'L]HU"

1DpSRFDHXDFKDYDTXHDHTXLSHWpFQLFDHUDSUR¿VVLRQDOQRPHOKRUVHQWLGRGD
SDODYUD

5HOHPEUDQGRLVVRFRQWXGRQmRWHQKRWDQWDFHUWH]D

9DPRVGDUXPDROKDGDQDWpFQLFD%DWPDQH5RELQXPDVHJXQGDYH]GHXPD
SHUVSHFWLYDGLIHUHQWH(XDFKDYDTXHHVWDYDH[WUDLQGRRPHOKRUGHVHPSHQKRGD
HTXLSHPDVVXVSHLWRTXH-RHHVWDYDMRJDQGRFRPDVXSRVLomRLPSOtFLWDGHTXHD
HTXLSHWpFQLFDHUDVHXRSRQHQWH3HQVHQRDVVXQWRSRUTXHHUDQHFHVViULRFRUUHUSRU
WRGRVRVODGRVFKXWDUFDGHLUDVHLQFOLQDUVHVREUHDVSHVVRDV"

1mRGHYHUtDPRVWHUVLGRFDSD]HVGHSHUJXQWDUjHTXLSHTXDQGRHOHVWHULDPR
WUDEDOKRIHLWRREWHUXPDUHVSRVWD¿UPHDFUHGLWDUQRTXHQRVIRLGLWRHQmRVHUPRV
TXHLPDGRVSRUDTXHODFUHQoD"

&HUWDPHQWHFRPRSUR¿VVLRQDLVQyVGHYHUtDPRVHDRPHVPRWHPSRQmR
SRGtDPRV-RHQmRFRQ¿DYDHPQRVVDVUHVSRVWDVHVHVHQWLDFRQIRUWiYHO

xvi
Prefácio

PLFURJHUHQFLDQGRDHTXLSHWpFQLFD±HDRPHVPRWHPSRSRUDOJXPPRWLYRHOH
FRQ¿DYDQDHTXLSHMXUtGLFDHQmRHVWDYDGLVSRVWRDPLFURJHUHQFLiOD

2TXHLVVRTXHUGL]HU"

'HDOJXPDPDQHLUDDHTXLSHMXUtGLFDKDYLDGHPRQVWUDGRSUR¿VVLRQDOLVPRGHXPD
IRUPDTXHDWpFQLFDQmRWLQKD

'HDOJXPPRGRRRXWURJUXSRKDYLDFRQYHQFLGR-RHGHTXHHOHVQmRSUHFLVDYDPGH
XPDEDEiTXHQmRHVWDYDPMRJDQGRHTXHSUHFLVDYDPVHUWUDWDGRVFRPRFROHJDVD
VHUHPUHVSHLWDGRV

1mRHXQmRDFKRTXHLVVRWHQKDDOJRDYHUFRPFHUWL¿FDGRVH[WUDYDJDQWHV
SHQGXUDGRVQDVSDUHGHVRXDOJXQVDQRVDPDLVGHIDFXOGDGHHPERUDHVVHVDQRV
SRVVDPWHULQFOXtGRXPDSHTXHQDSRUomRGHWUHLQDPHQWRVRFLDOLPSOtFLWRVREUH
FRPRVHFRPSRUWDU

'HVGHDTXHOHGLDDQRVDWUiVSHUJXQWRPHFRPRDSUR¿VVmRWpFQLFDSUHFLVDULD
PXGDUSDUDVHUFRQVLGHUDGDSUR¿VVLRQDO

$VVLPWLYHDOJXPDVLGHLDV%ORJXHLXPSRXFROLEDVWDQWHEXVTXHLDSHUIHLoRDU
PLQKDYLGDSUR¿VVLRQDOHDMXGDUDOJXQVRXWURV&RQWXGRQmRVDELDGDH[LVWrQFLDGH
OLYURDOJXPTXHH[SXVHVVHXPSODQRTXHGHL[DVVHDVFRLVDVLQWHLUDPHQWHH[SOtFLWDV

(QWmRXPGLDGRQDGDUHFHELXPDRIHUWDSDUDUHYLVDURUDVFXQKRGHXPOLYURHVWH
TXHYRFrVHJXUDHPVXDVPmRVDJRUD

(VWHOLYUROKHGLUiSDVVRDSDVVRH[DWDPHQWHFRPRYRFrGHYHVHDSUHVHQWDUH
LQWHUDJLUFRPRXPSUR¿VVLRQDO1mRFRPXPFOLFKrEDQDOQmRFRPDSHORVD
SHGDoRVGHSDSHOPDVRTXHYRFrSRGHID]HUHFRPRID]rOR

(PDOJXQVFDVRVRVH[HPSORVVmRSDODYUDSRUSDODYUD

$OJXQVGHVVHVH[HPSORVWrPUHVSRVWDVFRQWUDUUpSOLFDVHVFODUHFLPHQWRVHDWp
FRQVHOKRVVREUHRTXHID]HUVHDRXWUDSHVVRDWHQWDU³VLPSOHVPHQWHLJQRUiOR´

(LROKDVyOiYHPR-RHGHQRYRIRUDGRSDOFRGHVWDYH]

xvii
Prefácio

$TXLHVWDPRVGHYROWDj*UDQGH(PSUHVDFRPLJRHFRP-RHPDLVXPDYH]QR
JUDQGHVLWHGRSURMHWRGHFRQYHUVmR

6yTXHGHVWDYH]LPDJLQHXPSRXFRGLIHUHQWH

(PYH]GHHVTXLYDUVHGHVHXVFRPSURPLVVRVDHTXLSHWpFQLFDGHIDWRRVFXPSUH
(PYH]GHHVTXLYDUVHGHHVWLPDWLYDVRXGHL[DUDOJXPDRXWUDSHVVRDID]HUR
SODQHMDPHQWR HGHSRLVUHFODPDUGHOH DHTXLSHWpFQLFDGHIDWRVHRUJDQL]DHWRUQD
RVFRPSURPLVVRVUHDLV

$JRUDLPDJLQHTXHDHTXLSHHVWHMDUHDOPHQWHWUDEDOKDQGRMXQWD4XDQGRRV
SURJUDPDGRUHVVmREORTXHDGRVSHODVRSHUDo}HVHOHVDSDQKDPRWHOHIRQHHR
DGPLQLVWUDGRUGHVLVWHPDVUHDOPHQWHFRPHoDDWUDEDOKDU

4XDQGR-RHYHPDSDJDUXPLQFrQGLRSDUDTXHRWLFNHWIXQFLRQHHOHQmRSUHFLVD
ID]HULVVRSRGHUiYHUTXHR'%$HVWiWUDEDOKDQGRGLOLJHQWHPHQWHHQmRVXUIDQGRQD
ZHE'HIRUPDSDUHFLGDDVHVWLPDWLYDVTXHHOHREWpPGDHTXLSHSDUHFHPFRQVLVWHQWHV
HHOHQmRWHPDVHQVDomRGHTXHRSURMHWRpSULRULWiULRHPDOJXPPRPHQWRHQWUHR
DOPRoRHDFKHFDJHPGHHPDLO7RGRVRVWUXTXHVHWHQWDWLYDVGHPDQLSXODUDDJHQGD
QmRYmRGHHQFRQWURD³1yVYDPRVWHQWDU´PDVVLP³(VWHpQRVVRFRPSURPHWLPHQWR
VHYRFrTXLVHUHVWDEHOHFHUVXDVSUySULDVPHWDVYiHPIUHQWH´

$SyVXPWHPSRVXVSHLWRTXH-RHFRPHoDULDDSHQVDUQDHTXLSHWpFQLFDFRPREHP
SUR¿VVLRQDLV(HOHHVWDULDFHUWR

2VSDVVRVSDUDWUDQVIRUPDUQRVVRFRPSRUWDPHQWRGHWpFQLFRVSDUDSUR¿VVLRQDLV"
9RFrRVHQFRQWUDUiQRUHVWDQWHGHVWHOLYUR

%HPYLQGRDRSUy[LPRSDVVRHPVXDFDUUHLUDHXVXVSHLWRTXHYRFrLUiJRVWDU
— Matthew Heusser
Naturalista de Processo de Software

xviii
Introdução

I NTRODUÇÃ O

¬VKPLQGHGHMDQHLURGHDSHQDVVHJXQGRVDSyVRDOPRoRH
jDOWLWXGHGHSpVDQDYHHVSDFLDO&KDOOHQJHUIRLSDUWLGDHPSHGDFLQKRVSRU
XPDIDOKDQDWXUELQDGLUHLWDGRIRJXHWHSURSXOVRU 65% 6HWHFRUDMRVRVDVWURQDXWDV
LQFOXLQGRDSURIHVVRUDGR(QVLQR0pGLR&KULVWD0F$XOLIIHPRUUHUDP$H[SUHVVmR
QRURVWRGDPmHGH0F$XOLIIHHQTXDQWRREVHUYDYDDPRUWHGHVXD¿OKDDQRYHPLO
PLOKDVDFLPDGHVXDFDEHoDPHDVVRPEUDDWpKRMH

$&KDOOHQJHUVHSDUWLXSRUTXHJDVHVTXHQWHVGHHVFDSHQDWXUELQD 65% 
GDQL¿FDGDYD]DUDPHQWUHRVVHJPHQWRVGHVHXFDVFRVHHVSDOKDQGRSHORWDQTXHGH

xix
Introdução

FRPEXVWtYHOH[WHUQR2IXQGRGRWDQTXHSULQFLSDOGHKLGURJrQLROtTXLGRH[SORGLX
LQÀDPDQGRRFRPEXVWtYHOHMRJDQGRRWDQTXHSDUDIUHQWHFKRFDQGRRFRQWUDR
WDQTXHGHR[LJrQLROtTXLGRTXH¿FDYDQDSDUWHGHFLPD$RPHVPRWHPSRD65%
VHGHVWDFRXGRVXSRUWHWUDVHLURHURGRXHPWRUQRGRGLDQWHLUR2QDUL]GDQDYHIRL
URPSLGRSHORWDQTXHGHR[LJrQLROtTXLGR(VVHVYHWRUHVGHIRUoDVDQRUPDLV¿]HUDP
FRPTXHDQDYHLQWHLUDVHPRYHQGREHPDFLPDGR0DFKURGDVVHFRQWUDD
FRUUHQWHGHDU)RUoDVDHURGLQkPLFDVUDSLGDPHQWHDGHVSHGDoDUDP

(QWUHRVVHJPHQWRVFLUFXODUHVGD65%KDYLDGRLVDQpLVFRQFrQWULFRVGHERUUDFKD
VLQWpWLFD4XDQGRRVDQpLVIRUDPDSDUDIXVDGRVHOHVIRUDPFRPSULPLGRV
IRUPDQGRXPDYHGDomRRQGHRVJDVHVGHH[DXVWmRQmRGHYHULDPWHUVLGRFDSD]HV
GHSHQHWUDU

0DVQRDQRLWHFHUDQWHULRUDRODQoDPHQWRDWHPSHUDWXUDQDSODWDIRUPDGH
ODQoDPHQWRFKHJRXDž&JUDXVDEDL[RGDWHPSHUDWXUDPtQLPDHVSHFt¿FD
SDUDRVDQpLVHJUDXVPDLVEDL[RVGRTXHTXDOTXHUODQoDPHQWRMiIHLWR&RPR
UHVXOWDGRRVDQpLV¿FDUDPPXLWRUtJLGRVSDUDEORTXHDUHPRVJDVHVTXHQWHV&RP
DWXUELQDHPFKDPDVKRXYHXPSXOVRGHSUHVVmRjPHGLGDTXHRVJDVHVTXHQWHV
DFXPXODYDPVHUDSLGDPHQWH2VVHJPHQWRVGRGtQDPRLQFKDUDPGRODGRGHIRUD
HUHOD[DUDPDFRPSUHVVmRGRVDQpLV$ULJLGH]HYLWRXTXHHOHVPDQWLYHVVHPD
YHGDomRHQWmRSDUWHGRVJDVHVYD]RXHYDSRUL]RXRVDQpLVHPXPDUFRGHJUDXV

2VHQJHQKHLURVGD0RUWRQ7KLRNROTXHGHVHQKDUDPD65%VDELDPTXHKDYLD
SUREOHPDVFRPRVDQpLVHHOHVMiWHULDPVLGRUHSRUWDGRVDRVJHUHQWHVGD7KLRNRO
HGD1$6$VHWHDQRVDQWHV'HIDWRRVDQpLVGHODQoDPHQWRVDQWHULRUHVIRUDP
GDQL¿FDGRVGHPDQHLUDVVHPHOKDQWHVHPERUDQmRRVX¿FLHQWHSDUDFDXVDU
XPDFDWiVWURIH2ODQoDPHQWRPDLVIULRWHYHDH[SHULrQFLDPDLVSUHMXGLFLDO2V
HQJHQKHLURVWLQKDPGHVHQKDGRXPUHSDURSDUDRSUREOHPDPDVDLPSOHPHQWDomR
KDYLDVLGRDGLDGDSRUXPORQJRWHPSR

2VHQJHQKHLURVVXVSHLWDYDPTXHRVDQpLVHQULMHFHVVHPTXDQGR¿FDYDIULR7DPEpP
VDELDPTXHDVWHPSHUDWXUDVSDUDRODQoDPHQWRGD&KDOOHQJHUHUDPPDLVEDL[DV
GRTXHHPTXDOTXHURXWURODQoDPHQWRIHLWRDQWHULRUPHQWHHEHPDEDL[RGDOLQKD
YHUPHOKD2XVHMDRVHQJHQKHLURVsabiamTXHRULVFRHUDEDVWDQWHDOWR(OHVDJLUDP
HPFRQIRUPLGDGHDHVVHFRQKHFLPHQWR(VFUHYHUDPPHPRUDQGRVOHYDQWDQGR
EDQGHLUDVYHUPHOKDVJLJDQWHVFDV5HFRPHQGDUDPIRUWHPHQWHTXHRVJHUHQWHVGD
7KLRNROHGD1$6$QmR¿]HVVHPRODQoDPHQWR(PXPDUHXQLmRGH~OWLPDKRUD
RFRUULGDDOJXPDVKRUDVDQWHVGRODQoDPHQWRRVHQJHQKHLURVDSUHVHQWDUDPVHXV

xx
Introdução

PHOKRUHVGDGRV(OHVVHH[DOWDUDPWHQWDUDPSHUVXDGLURVJHUHQWHVHSURWHVWDUDP
0DVQR¿QDOIRUDPLJQRUDGRV

4XDQGRFKHJRXDKRUDGRODQoDPHQWRDOJXQVGRVHQJHQKHLURVVHUHFXVDUDPD
DVVLVWLUDWUDQVPLVVmRSRUTXHWHPLDPXPDH[SORVmRQDSODWDIRUPDGHODQoDPHQWR
0DVjPHGLGDTXHD&KDOOHQJHUFRPHoRXDYRDUJUDFLRVDPHQWHSHORFpX
FRPHoDUDPDUHOD[DU0RPHQWRVDQWHVGDGHVWUXLomRHQTXDQWRREVHUYDYDPDQDYH
SDVVDUSHOR0DFKXPGHOHVGLVVHTXHHOHVWLQKDP³VHHVTXLYDGRGHXPDEDOD´

$SHVDUGHWRGRVRVSURWHVWRVPHPRUDQGRVHSHGLGRVGRVHQJHQKHLURVRVJHUHQWHV
DFKDYDPTXHHVWDYDPFHUWRVHTXHRVHQJHQKHLURVHVWDYDPH[DJHUDQGR1mR
FRQ¿DUDPQRVGDGRVHFRQFOXV}HVGHOHV)L]HUDPRODQoDPHQWRSRUTXHHVWDYDP
GHEDL[RGHXPDSUHVVmR¿QDQFHLUDHSROtWLFDLPHQVD(QR¿QDOesperavamTXH
WXGR¿FDVVHEHP

(VVHVJHUHQWHVQmRIRUDPPHUDPHQWHWRORVHOHVIRUDPFULPLQRVRV$VYLGDVGHVHWH
ERQVKRPHQVHPXOKHUHVHDVHVSHUDQoDVGHXPDJHUDomRROKDQGRHPGLUHomRjV
YLDJHQVHVSDFLDLVIRUDPGHVWUXtGDVQDTXHODPDQKmIULDSRUTXHDTXHOHVJHUHQWHV
FRORFDUDPVHXVPHGRVHVSHUDQoDVHLQWXLo}HVDFLPDGDVSDODYUDVGHVHXVSUySULRV
HVSHFLDOLVWDV(OHVWRPDUDPXPDGHFLVmRTXHQmRWLQKDPRGLUHLWRGHWRPDU
8VXUSDUDPDDXWRULGDGHGDVSHVVRDVTXHUHDOPHQWHVDELDPRVHQJHQKHLURV

0DVHTXDQWRDRVHQJHQKHLURV"&HUWDPHQWHHOHV¿]HUDPRTXHWLQKDPTXHID]HU
,QIRUPDUDPVHXVJHUHQWHVHOXWDUDPPXLWRSDUDID]HUYDOHUVXDSRVLomR6HJXLUDP
SHORVFDQDLVDSURSULDGRVHLQYRFDUDPWRGRVRVSURWRFRORVFHUWRV)L]HUDPRTXH
SRGLDPdentroGRVLVWHPD±HDLQGDDVVLPRVJHUHQWHVRVLJQRUDUDP(QWmRSRGH
SDUHFHUTXHHVVHVHQJHQKHLURVSRGHPVHJXLUVHPTXDOTXHUFXOSD

0DVjVYH]HVHXPHSHUJXQWRVHDOJXPGHVVHVHQJHQKHLURV¿FDDFRUGDGRjQRLWH
DVVRPEUDGRSHODLPDJHPGDPmHGH&KULVWD0F$XOLIIHHGHVHMDQGRTXHWLYHVVH
FKDPDGR'DQ5DWKHU 

 1RWDGRWUDGXWRUMRUQDOLVWDQRUWHDPHULFDQRTXH¿FRXIDPRVRSRUFRQWDGDFREHUWXUDGRDVVDV
VLQDWRGH-RKQ.HQQHG\HP

xxi
Introdução

Sobre Este Livro


(VWHOLYURWHPDYHUFRPSUR¿VVLRQDOLVPRGHVRIWZDUH&RQWpPPXLWRVFRQVHOKRV
SUDJPiWLFRVHPXPDWHQWDWLYDGHUHVSRQGHUSHUJXQWDVFRPR

Ɣ 2TXHpXPSUR¿VVLRQDOGHVRIWZDUH"

Ɣ &RPRXPSUR¿VVLRQDOVHFRPSRUWD"

Ɣ &RPRXPSUR¿VVLRQDOOLGDFRPFRQÀLWRVSUD]RVDSHUWDGRVHJHUHQWHVSRXFR
UD]RiYHLV"
Ɣ 4XDQGRHFRPRXPSUR¿VVLRQDOGHYHGL]HU³QmR´"

Ɣ &RPRXPSUR¿VVLRQDOOLGDFRPDSUHVVmR"

3RUpPHVFRQGLGRHQWUHRVFRQVHOKRVPDLVSUDJPiWLFRVGHVWHOLYURYRFrHQFRQWUDUi
XPDDWLWXGHGHOXWDSDUDVHOLEHUWDUeXPDDWLWXGHGHKRQHVWLGDGHKRQUDUHVSHLWR
SUySULRHRUJXOKReXPDGLVSRVLomRSDUDDFHLWDUDWHUUtYHOUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHGHVHU
XPDUWHVmRHXPHQJHQKHLUR(VVDUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHLQFOXLWUDEDOKDUEHPHGHIRUPD
OLPSD(ODLQFOXLDERDFRPXQLFDomRHDHVWLPDWLYDFRQ¿iYHO,QFOXLJHUHQFLDUVHX
WHPSRHHQFDUDUDVGLItFHLVGHFLV}HVGHULVFRUHFRPSHQVD

0DVHVVDUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHLQFOXLRXWUDFRLVD±DOJRDVVXVWDGRU&RPRHQJHQKHLUR
YRFrWHPXPSURIXQGRFRQKHFLPHQWRVREUHVHXVVLVWHPDVHSURMHWRVTXHQHQKXP
RXWURJHUHQWHSRGHWHU&RPHVVHFRQKHFLPHQWRYHPDUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHGHagir

Bibliografia
(McConnell87):0DOFROP0F&RQQHOOHChallenger ‘A Major Malfunction’1RYD
<RUN1<6LPRQ 6KXVWHU

(Wiki-Challenger):³6SDFH6KXWWOH&KDOOHQJHUGLVDVWHU´KWWSHQZLNLSHGLDRUJ
ZLNL6SDFHB6KXWWOHB&KDOOHQJHUBGLVDVWHU

xxii
Agradecimentos

A G R A DEC IMENTO S

0LQKDFDUUHLUDWHPVLGRXPDVpULHGHSURMHWRVHFRODERUDo}HV(PERUDHXWHQKD
WLGRPXLWRVVRQKRVHDVSLUDo}HVSHVVRDLVSDUHoRVHPSUHHQFRQWUDUDOJXpPFRP
TXHPSDUWLOKiORV1HVVHVHQWLGRPHVLQWRXPSRXFRFRPRRV6LWK³6HPSUH
H[LVWHPGRLV´

$SULPHLUDFRODERUDomRTXHSXGHFRQVLGHUDUSUR¿VVLRQDOIRLFRP-RKQ0DUFKHVH
DRVDQRV3ODQHMDPRVFRQVWUXLUFRPSXWDGRUHVMXQWRV(XHUDRFpUHEURHHOHRV
P~VFXORV0RVWUDYDRQGHVROGDUXP¿RHHOHRVROGDYD0RVWUDYDRQGHPRQWDU
XPWUDQVPLVVRUHHOHPRQWDYD(UDEDVWDQWHGLYHUWLGRHSDVViYDPRVFHQWHQDV
GHKRUDVQLVVR1DYHUGDGHFRQVWUXtPRVDOJXQVSRXFRVREMHWRVTXHWLQKDPXP
DVSHFWRLPSUHVVLRQDQWHFRPWUDQVPLVVRUHVERW}HVOX]HVHDWpWHOHWLSRV&ODUR
QHQKXPGHOHVID]LDFRLVDDOJXPDGHIDWRPDVHUDPEDVWDQWHLPSUHVVLRQDQWHVH
WUDEDOKiYDPRVGXURQHOHV3DUD-RKQ2EULJDGR

4XDQGRHXHUDFDORXURQR(QVLQR0pGLRFRQKHFL7LP&RQUDGQDDXODGHDOHPmR
7LPHUDesperto1RVXQLPRVSDUDFULDUXPFRPSXWDGRUHOHHUDRFpUHEURHHXRV
P~VFXORV(OHPHHQVLQRXHOHWU{QLFDHGHXPLQKDSULPHLUDLQWURGXomRDR3'3
&RQVWUXtPRVGHIDWRXPDFDOFXODGRUDHOHWU{QLFDELQiULDGHELWVTXHIXQFLRQDYD
DSDUWLUGHDOJXQVFRPSRQHQWHVEiVLFRV(ODSRGLDVRPDUVXEWUDLUPXOWLSOLFDUH
GLYLGLU/HYRXXPDQRGH¿QDLVGHVHPDQDHWRGRVRVIHULDGRVGHSULPDYHUDYHUmR
H1DWDO7UDEDOKDPRVLQFDQVDYHOPHQWHQHOD1R¿QDOHODIXQFLRQDYDPXLWREHP
3DUD7LP2EULJDGR

xxiii
Agradecimentos

7LPHHXDSUHQGHPRVFRPRSURJUDPDUFRPSXWDGRUHV,VVRQmRHUDDOJRIiFLOGH
VHUIHLWRHPPDVGHPRVXPMHLWR3HJDPRVOLYURVVREUHPRQWDJHPGR3'3
)RUWUDQ&RERO3/HQWUHRXWURV'HYRUDPRVWRGRV(VFUHYHPRVSURJUDPDV
RVTXDLVQmRWtQKDPRVHVSHUDQoDGHH[HFXWDUSRLVQmRWtQKDPRVDFHVVRD
FRPSXWDGRUHV0DVRVHVFUHYHPRVGDPHVPDIRUPDDSHQDVSHODSDL[mRGHID]rOR

1RVVRFROpJLRLQWURGX]LXQDJUDGHXPFXUVRGHFLrQFLDGDFRPSXWDomRTXDQGR
HVWiYDPRVQRVHJXQGRDQR(OHVFRQHFWDUDPXP7HOHWLSR$65DXPPRGHP
GLVFDGRGHEDXG7LQKDPXPDFRQWDQRVLVWHPDGHSDUWLOKDGHWHPSR8QLYDF
GR,QVWLWXWRGH7HFQRORJLDGH,OOLQRLV7LPHHXLPHGLDWDPHQWHFRPHoDPRVD
RSHUDUDTXHODPiTXLQD1LQJXpPPDLVFRQVHJXLDFKHJDUSHUWRGHOD

2PRGHPHUDFRQHFWDGRDRDWHQGHURWHOHIRQHHGLVFDURQ~PHUR4XDQGRYRFr
RXYLDRVLQDOGHUHVSRVWDGRPRGHPDSHUWDYDRERWmR³RULJ´QR7HOHWLSRRTXH
ID]LDFRPTXHRPRGHPGHRULJHPHPLWLVVHVHXSUySULRVLQDO(QWmRGHVOLJDYDR
WHOHIRQHHDFRQH[mRGHGDGRVHVWDYDHVWDEHOHFLGD

2WHOHIRQHWLQKDXPDWUDYDQDGLVFDJHP6RPHQWHSURIHVVRUHVWLQKDPDFKDYH0DV
LVVRQmRLPSRUWDYDSRLVGHVFREULPRVTXHHUDSRVVtYHOGLVFDUXPWHOHIRQH TXDOTXHU
XP DRGLJLWDURQ~PHURGHOHQRLQWHUUXSWRUGRJDQFKR(XHUDEDWHULVWDHQWmRWLQKD
XPERPWLPLQJHUHÀH[R3RGLDGLVFDURPRGHPFRPDWUDYDQROXJDUHPPHQRVGH
GH]VHJXQGRV

7tQKDPRVGRLV7HOHWLSRVQRODERUDWyULRGHFRPSXWDomR8PHUDDPiTXLQDRQOLQHH
RRXWURXPDPiTXLQDRIÀLQH$PERVHUDPXVDGRVSRUHVWXGDQWHVSDUDHVFUHYHUVHXV
SURJUDPDV(OHVGHYHULDPGLJLWDUVHXVSURJUDPDVQRV7HOHWLSRVFRPD¿WDGHSDSHO
GRSHUIXUDGRUHQYROYLGD7RGRVRVWRTXHVQRWHFODGRHUDPSHUIXUDGRVQD¿WD2V
HVWXGDQWHVHVFUHYLDPVHXVSURJUDPDVHP,,7UDQXPDOLQJXDJHPGHLQWHUSUHWDomR
QRWDYHOPHQWHSRGHURVD2VHVWXGDQWHVGHL[DYDPDV¿WDVGHSDSHOHPXPDFHVWD
SUy[LPDDRV7HOHWLSRV

'HSRLVGDHVFROD7LPHHXGLVFiYDPRVRFRPSXWDGRU WHFODQGRFODUR 
FDUUHJiYDPRVDV¿WDVQRVLVWHPDGR,,7UDQHHQWmRGHVOLJiYDPRV$FDUDFWHUHV
SRUVHJXQGRHVVHQmRHUDXPSURFHGLPHQWRUiSLGR0DLVRXPHQRVXPD
KRUDGHSRLVOLJiYDPRVGHYROWDHREWtQKDPRVDVLPSUHVV}HVQRYDPHQWHD
FDUDFWHUHVSRUVHJXQGR27HOHWLSRQmRVHSDUDYDDVOLVWDVGRVHVWXGDQWHVDRHMHWDU

xxiv
Agradecimentos

DVSiJLQDV(OHDSHQDVLPSULPLDXPDDSyVDRXWUDHDVVLPSRUGLDQWHHQWmRQyV
DVVHSDUiYDPRVXVDQGRWHVRXUDVMXQWiYDPRVRLQSXWFRPDOLVWDFRPXPFOLSHH
RVFRORFiYDPRVQDFHVWD

7LPHHXpUDPRVRVPHVWUHVHGHXVHVGHVVHSURFHVVR$WpPHVPRRVSURIHVVRUHV
QRVGHL[DYDPHPSD]TXDQGRHVWiYDPRVQDTXHODVDOD)D]tDPRVRWUDEDOKRGHOHV
HHOHVVDELDPGLVVR(OHVMDPDLVSHGLUDPTXHR¿]pVVHPRV-DPDLVGLVVHUDPTXH
SRGHUtDPRVID]rOR-DPDLVQRVGHUDPDFKDYHGRWHOHIRQH$SHQDVHQWUiYDPRV
HHOHVVDtDP±HHOHVQRVGDYDPJUDQGHOLEHUGDGH$RVPHXVSURIHVVRUHVGH
0DWHPiWLFD6U0F'HUPLW6U)RJHOH6U5RELHQ2EULJDGR

(QWmRGHSRLVTXHWRGRRWUDEDOKRGHFDVDHVWDYDIHLWRQyVEULQFiYDPRV
(VFUHYtDPRVSURJUDPDDSyVSURJUDPDSDUDID]HUTXDOTXHUWLSRGHFRLVDORXFD
HHVTXLVLWDHVFUHYtDPRVSURJUDPDVTXHFRORFDVVHPFtUFXORVHSDUiERODVHP
JUi¿FRVGH$6&,,QR7HOHWLSRHVFUHYtDPRVSURJUDPDVGHFLUFXLWRVDOHDWyULRV
HJHUDGRUHVGHSDODYUDVDOHDWyULDV&DOFXODPRVIDWRULDLVDWpR~OWLPRGtJLWR
3DVVDPRVKRUDVHKRUDVLQYHQWDQGRSURJUDPDVSDUDVHUHPHVFULWRVHHQWmR
FRORFDGRVHPIXQFLRQDPHQWR

'RLVDQRVGHSRLV7LPQRVVRSDUFHLUR5LFKDUG/OR\GHHXIRPRVFRQWUDWDGRV
FRPRSURJUDPDGRUHVSHOD$6&7DEXODWLQJHP/DNH%OXII,OOLQRLV7LPHHX
WtQKDPRVDQRVQDpSRFD'HFLGLPRVTXHIDFXOGDGHHUDSHUGDGHWHPSRHTXH
WtQKDPRVTXHFRPHoDUQRVVDVFDUUHLUDVLPHGLDWDPHQWH)RLDTXLTXHHQFRQWUDPRV
%LOO+RKUL)UDQN5\GHU%LJ-LP&DUOLQH-RKQ0LOOHU(OHVGHUDPDDOJXQVMRYHQV
DRSRUWXQLGDGHGHDSUHQGHURTXHDSURJUDPDomRSUR¿VVLRQDOHUDQDYHUGDGH
$H[SHULrQFLDQmRIRLLQWHLUDPHQWHSRVLWLYDQHPQHJDWLYD)RLVHPG~YLGD
HGXFDFLRQDO3DUDWRGRVHOHVHSDUD5LFKDUGTXHFRPDQGRXHGLULJLXDPDLRUSDUWH
GRSURFHVVR2EULJDGR

'HSRLVGHGHVLVWLUHGHID]HUEHVWHLUDDRVDQRV¿]XPELFRFRPRFRUWDGRUGH
JUDPDWUDEDOKDQGRSDUDPHXFXQKDGR(UDWmRSpVVLPRQLVVRTXHHOHWHYHTXHPH
GHVSHGLU2EULJDGR:HV

$SUR[LPDGDPHQWHXPDQRGHSRLVDFDEHLWUDEDOKDQGRQD2XWERDUG0DULQH
&RUSRUDWLRQ1DRFDVLmRHVWDYDFDVDGRHWLQKDXPEHErDFDPLQKR(OHVWDPEpP
PHGHVSHGLUDP2EULJDGR-RKQ5DOSKH7RP

xxv
Agradecimentos

(QWmRIXLWUDEDOKDUQD7HUDG\QHRQGHHQFRQWUHL5XVV$VKGRZQ.HQ)LQGHU%RE
&RSLWKRUQH&KXFN6WXGHHH&.6ULWKUDQ DJRUD.ULV,\HU .HQHUDPHXFKHIH
&KXFNH&.HUDPPHXVFROHJDV$SUHQGLPXLWRFRPWRGRVHOHV2EULJDGRSHVVRDO

(OiHVWDYD0LNH&DUHZ1D7HUDG\QHQRVWRUQDPRVXPDGXSODGLQkPLFD
(VFUHYHPRVGLYHUVRVVLVWHPDVMXQWRV6HYRFrTXLVHVVHTXHDOJRIRVVHIHLWRHFRP
YHORFLGDGHFKDPDYD%REH0LNH1RVGLYHUWLPRVEDVWDQWHMXQWRV2EULJDGR0LNH

-HUU\)LW]SDWULFNWDPEpPWUDEDOKRXQD7HUDG\QH1RVFRQKHFHPRVHQTXDQWR
MRJiYDPRV'XQJHRQV 'UDJRQVMXQWRVPDVUDSLGDPHQWHFRPHoDPRVD
FRODERUDU(VFUHYHPRVVRIWZDUHQR&RPPRGRUHSDUDGDUVXSRUWHDRVXVXiULRV
GH' '7DPEpPFRPHoDPRVXPQRYRSURMHWRQD7HUDG\QHFKDPDGR³$
6HFUHWiULD(OHWU{QLFD´7UDEDOKDPRVMXQWRVSRUYiULRVDQRVHHOHWRUQRXVHH
SHUPDQHFHXPJUDQGHDPLJR2EULJDGR-HUU\

3DVVHLXPDQRQD,QJODWHUUDHQTXDQWRWUDEDOKDYDSDUDD7HUDG\QH/iPHMXQWHLD
0LNH.HUJR]RX-XQWRVWUDPDPRVVREUHWRGRWLSRGHFRLVDVHPERUDDPDLRUSDUWH
GHVVDVWUDPRLDVWLYHVVHDYHUFRPELFLFOHWDVHSXEV0DVHOHHUDXPSURJUDPDGRU
GHGLFDGRHEDVWDQWHIRFDGRHPTXDOLGDGHHGLVFLSOLQD HPERUDHOHWDOYH]GLVFRUGH 
2EULJDGR0LNH

$RYROWDUGD,QJODWHUUDHPFRPHFHLDID]HUSODQRVFRP-LP1HZNLUN$PERV
GHL[DPRVD7HUDG\QH FRPPHVHVGHGLIHUHQoD HQRVMXQWDPRVDXPDHPSUHVD
LQLFLDQWHFKDPDGD&OHDU&RPPXQLFDWLRQV)LFDPRVPXLWRVDQRVMXQWRVOXWDQGR
SDUDFRQVHJXLURVPLOK}HVTXHQXQFDYLHUDP0DVFRQWLQXDPRVFRPQRVVRVSODQRV
2EULJDGR-LP

1R¿QDOIXQGDPRVMXQWRVD2EMHFW0HQWRU-LPpDSHVVRDPDLVGLUHWDGLVFLSOLQDGD
HREMHWLYDFRPTXHPMiWLYHRSULYLOpJLRGHWUDEDOKDU(OHPHHQVLQRXWDQWDVFRLVDV
TXHQmRSRVVRVHTXHUHQXPHUiODV(PYH]GLVVRGHGLTXHLHVWHOLYURDHOH

+iWDQWRVRXWURVFRPTXHPWUDEDOKHLWDQWRVFRPTXHPFRODERUHLWDQWRVTXH
WLYHUDPLPSDFWRHPPLQKDYLGDSUR¿VVLRQDO/RZHOO/LQGVWURP'DYH7KRPDV
0LFKDHO)HDWKHUV%RE.RVV%UHWW6FKXFKHUW'HDQ:DPSOHU3DVFDO5R\-HII
/DQJU-DPHV*UHQQLQJ%ULDQ%XWWRQ$ODQ)UDQFLV0LNH+LOO(ULF0HDGH5RQ
-HIIULHV.HQW%HFN0DUWLQ)RZOHU*UDG\%RRFKHXPDOLVWDLQWHUPLQiYHOGH
RXWUDVSHVVRDV2EULJDGRDWRGRV

xxvi
Agradecimentos

&ODURDPDLRUFRODERUDGRUDGHPLQKDYLGDWHPVLGRPLQKDDPDGDHVSRVD$QQ
0DULH1RVFDVDPRVTXDQGRHXWLQKDDQRVWUrVGLDVDSyVHODFRPSOHWDUDQRV
3RUDQRVHODWHPVLGRPLQKDFRPSDQKHLUD¿UPHPHXOHPHHYHODPHXDPRUH
PLQKDYLGD(VWRXDQVLRVRSRURXWUDVTXDWURGpFDGDVDRODGRGHOD

(DJRUDPHXVFRODERUDGRUHVHSDUFHLURVGHSODQHMDPHQWRVmRPHXV¿OKRV
7UDEDOKRMXQWRFRPPLQKD¿OKDPDLVYHOKD$QJHODPLQKDDGRUDGDSURWHWRUDH
LQWUpSLGDDVVLVWHQWH(ODPHPDQWpPQRVWULOKRVHQXQFDSHUPLWHTXHHXHVTXHoD
XPFRPSURPLVVR)DoRSODQRVGHQHJyFLRVFRPPHX¿OKR0LFDKRIXQGDGRUGD
WKOLJKWFRP6XDFDEHoDSDUDQHJyFLRVpGHORQJHPHOKRUGRTXHDPLQKDMDPDLV
IRL1RVVD~OWLPDHPSUHLWDGDDFOHDQFRGHUVFRPpPXLWRHPSROJDQWH

0HX¿OKRPDLVQRYR-XVWLQDFDERXGHFRPHoDUDWUDEDOKDUFRP0LFDKQD
WK/LJKW0LQKD¿OKDPDLVMRYHP*LQDpHQJHQKHLUDTXtPLFDHWUDEDOKDQD
+RQH\ZHOO&RPHVVHVGRLVRVSURMHWRVPDLVVpULRVDFDEDUDPGHFRPHoDU

1LQJXpPHPVXDYLGDOKHHQVLQDUiPDLVGRTXHVHXV¿OKRV2EULJDGRFULDQoDV

xxvii
Sobre o Autor

S OB R E O A U TO R

Robert C. Martin (“Tio Bob”)pSURJUDPDGRUGHVGH(OHpIXQGDGRUH


SUHVLGHQWHGD2EMHFW0HQWRU,QFXPDHPSUHVDLQWHUQDFLRQDOGHGHVHQYROYHGRUHV
GHVRIWZDUHHJHUHQWHVDOWDPHQWHH[SHULHQWHVTXHVHHVSHFLDOL]DUDPHPDMXGDU
HPSUHVDVDH[HFXWDUHPVHXVSURMHWRV$2EMHFW0HQWRURIHUHFHFRQVXOWRULDSDUDD
PHOKRULDGHSURFHVVRVFRQVXOWRULDGHGHVLJQGHVRIWZDUHWUHLQDPHQWRHVHUYLoRVGH
GHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHKDELOLGDGHSDUDJUDQGHVFRUSRUDo}HVHPWRGRRPXQGR

0DUWLQSXEOLFRXGH]HQDVGHDUWLJRVHPGLYHUVDVUHYLVWDVHVSHFLDOL]DGDVHp
SDOHVWUDQWHUHJXODUHPFRQIHUrQFLDVLQWHUQDFLRQDLVHIHLUDV

(OHpDXWRUHHGLWRUGHGLYHUVRVOLYURVLQFOXLQGR

Ɣ Código LimpoGDHGLWRUD$OWD%RRNV

ƔDesigning Object Oriented C++ Applications Using the Booch Method

ƔPatterns Languages of Program Design 3

ƔMore C++ Gems

xxix
Sobre o Autor

Ɣ([WUHPH3URJUDPPLQJLQ3UDFWLFH

ƔPrincípios, Padrões e Práticas Ágeis em C#

ƔPara Entender a Linguística

/tGHUQDLQG~VWULDGRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHVRIWZDUH0DUWLQIRLHGLWRUFKHIHGR&
5HSRUWGXUDQWHWUrVDQRVHRSULPHLURSUHVLGHQWHGD$JLOH$OOLDQFH

5REHUWWDPEpPpIXQGDGRUGD8QFOH%RE&RQVXOWLQJ//&HFRIXQGDGRU
MXQWDPHQWHFRPVHX¿OKR0LFDK0DUWLQGR7KH&OHDQ&RGHUV//&

xxx
Sobre a Capa

S OBRE A C A PA

$PDUDYLOKRVDLPDJHPQDFDSDUHPLQLVFrQFLDGRROKRGH6DXURQp0D1HEXORVD
GR&DUDQJXHMR0¿FDHP7DXUXVSRUYROWDGHXPJUDXjGLUHLWDGH=HWD7DXUL
DHVWUHODQDSRQWDGRFKLIUHHVTXHUGRGRWRXUR$1HEXORVDGR&DUDQJXHMRpD
VREUDGHXPDVXSHUQRYDTXHVRSURXVXDVUDMDGDVQRVFpXVQDGDWDDXVSLFLRVDGH
GHMXOKRHP'&'LVWDQWHDQRVOX]GHQyVDH[SORVmRSDUHFHXSDUD
RVFKLQHVHVVHUXPDQRYDHVWUHODDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHWmREULOKDQWHTXDQWR-~SLWHU

xxxi
Sobre a Capa

'HIDWRHODHUDYLVtYHOdurante o dia$RORQJRGRVVHLVPHVHVVHJXLQWHVHOD
OHQWDPHQWHIRLVHDSDJDQGRGDYLVmRDROKRQX

$LPDJHPGDFDSDpXPFRPSRVWRGHUDLRV[HOX]YLVtYHO$LPDJHPYLVtYHOIRL
WLUDGDSHORWHOHVFySLR+XEEOHHFRQVWLWXLRHQYROWyULRH[WHUQR2REMHWRLQWHUQRTXH
VHSDUHFHFRPXPD]XODOYRIRLIRWRJUDIDGRSHORWHOHVFySLRGHUDLRV[&KDQGUD

(VVDLPDJHPYLVtYHOPRVWUDXPDUiSLGDQXYHPGHSyHJiVVHH[SDQGLQGRHQODoDGD
DHOHPHQWRVSHVDGRVGHL[DGRVSHODH[SORVmRGDVXSHUQRYD(VVDQXYHPWHP
DJRUDDQRVOX]GHGLkPHWURSHVDPDVVDVVRODUHVHHVWiVHH[SDQGLQGRQD
WD[DIXULRVDGHTXLO{PHWURVSRUVHJXQGR$HQHUJLDFLQpWLFDGDTXHODYHOKD
H[SORVmRpLPSUHVVLRQDQWHSDUDGL]HURPtQLPR

%HPQRFHQWURGRDOYRKiXPSRQWRD]XOEULOKDQWHeRQGH¿FDRpulsar)RL
DIRUPDomRGHOHTXHIH]FRPTXHDHVWUHODH[SORGLVVHHPSULPHLUROXJDU
$SUR[LPDGDPHQWHXPDPDVVDVRODUGHPDWHULDOQRFHQWURGDHVWUHODFRQGHQDGD
LPSORGLXHPXPDHVIHUDGHQrXWURQVTXHWLQKDSRUYROWDGHTXLO{PHWURVGH
GLkPHWUR$HQHUJLDFLQpWLFDGDTXHODLPSORVmRVRPDGDjLQFUtYHOEDUUDJHPGH
QHXWULQRVFULDGRVTXDQGRWRGRVDTXHOHVQrXWURQVVHIRUPDUDPUDVJRXDHVWUHODH
HODVHREOLWHURX

2SXOVDUHVWiJLUDQGRSRUYROWDGHYH]HVSRUVHJXQGRODPSHMDQGRQDPHGLGD
HPTXHJLUD3RGHPRVYrORSLVFDUHPQRVVRVWHOHVFySLRV(VVHVSXOVRVGHOX]VmRR
PRWLYRSHORTXDOHOHpFKDPDGRGHSXOVDUTXHpDDEUHYLDWXUDSDUD(VWUHOD3XOVDQWH

xxxii
Introdução Pré-Requisito

I NT RO D UÇÃO
P R É -R EQU I SI TO
(não pule, você precisará dela)

Presumo que você tenha escolhido este livro por ser um programador e está
intrigado com a noção de SUR¿VVLRQDOLVPR(GHYHHVWDU3UR¿VVLRQDOLVPRpDOJR
TXHQRVVDSUR¿VVmRSUHFLVDWHUULYHOPHQWH

(XWDPEpPVRXSURJUDPDGRU7HQKRVLGRSRUDQRV1 e, durante esse período –


deixe-me dizer-lhe±MiYLGHWXGR)XLGHVSHGLGR)XLODXUHDGR)XLOtGHUGHHTXLSH
JHUHQWHIXQFLRQiULRFRPXPHDWp&(27UDEDOKHLFRPSURJUDPDGRUHVEULOKDQWHV
e com lesmas7UDEDOKHLFRPVLVWHPDVGHVRIWZDUHKDUGZDUHGHDOWDWHFQRORJLDH

1mRHQWUHHPSkQLFR
7HUPRWpFQLFRGHRULJHPGHVFRQKHFLGD

1
Introdução Pré-Requisito

FRPVLVWHPDVFRUSRUDWLYRVEXURFUiWLFRV3URJUDPHLQR&2%2/)2575$1%$/
3'33'3&&-DYD5XE\6PDOOWDONHXPDJUDQGHTXDQWLGDGHGHRXWUDV
OLQJXDJHQVHVLVWHPDV7UDEDOKHLFRPODGU}HVGHFRQWUDFKHTXHQmRFRQ¿iYHLVHFRP
SUR¿VVLRQDLVH[SHULHQWHV(VWD~OWLPDFODVVL¿FDomRpRWySLFRGHVWHOLYUR

1DVSiJLQDVDVHJXLUWHQWDUHLGH¿QLURTXHVLJQL¿FDVHUXPSURJUDPDGRU
SUR¿VVLRQDO'HVFUHYHUHLDVDWLWXGHVGLVFLSOLQDVHDo}HVTXHFRQVLGHURHVVHQFLDLVD
XPSUR¿VVLRQDO

&RPRVHLTXDLVVmRHVVDVDWLWXGHVGLVFLSOLQDVHDo}HV"3RUTXHSUHFLVHLDSUHQGr
ODVGDIRUPDPDLVGLItFLO9HMDTXDQGRFRQVHJXLPHXSULPHLURWUDEDOKRFRPR
SURJUDPDGRUSUR¿VVLRQDOVHULDD~OWLPDSDODYUDTXHYRFrXVDULDSDUDPHGHVFUHYHU

2DQRHUD(XWLQKDDQRV0HXSDLWLQKDDWRUPHQWDGRXPD¿UPDORFDO
FKDPDGD$6&SDUDPHFRQWUDWDUFRPRSURJUDPDGRUWHPSRUiULRPHLRSHUtRGR 6LP
PHXSDLID]LDFRLVDVDVVLP&HUWDYH]RYLHQWUDUQDIUHQWHGHXPFDUURHPDOWD
YHORFLGDGHHFRPDPmRHUJXLGDHOHRUGHQRXµ3DUH¶2FDUURSDURX1LQJXpPGL]LD
³QmR´SDUDPHXSDL $HPSUHVDPHFRORFRXSDUDWUDEDOKDUQDVDODHPTXHWRGRV
RVPDQXDLVGHFRPSXWDGRUHVGD,%0HUDPJXDUGDGRV(OHV¿]HUDPFRPTXHHX
FRORFDVVHDQRVHDQRVGHDWXDOL]Do}HVQRVPDQXDLV)RLDOLTXHHXYLSHODSULPHLUD
YH]DIUDVH³(VWDSiJLQDIRLGHL[DGDLQWHQFLRQDOPHQWHHPEUDQFR´

$SyVDOJXQVGLDVDWXDOL]DQGRPDQXDLVPHXVXSHUYLVRUSHGLXTXHHXHVFUHYHVVH
XPVLPSOHVSURJUDPD(DV\FRGHU3)LTXHLH[WDVLDGR1XQFDKDYLDFULDGRXP
SURJUDPDSDUDXPFRPSXWDGRUGHYHUGDGHDQWHV(QWUHWDQWRHXKDYLDGHYRUDGRRV
OLYURVVREUH$XWRFRGHUHWLQKDXPDYDJDQRomRGHFRPRFRPHoDU

2SURJUDPDHUDVLPSOHVPHQWHOHUJUDYDo}HVGHXPD¿WDHVXEVWLWXLUDV,'VGHVVDV
JUDYDo}HVSRUQRYDV$VQRYDV,'VFRPHoDYDPHPHHUDPLQFUHPHQWDGDVHP
DFDGDQRYDJUDYDomR$VJUDYDo}HVFRPDVQRYDV,'VWLQKDPTXHVHUHVFULWDVHP
XPDQRYD¿WD

0HXVXSHUYLVRUPHPRVWURXXPDSUDWHOHLUDTXHWLQKDPXLWDVSLOKDVGHFDUW}HV
SHUIXUDGRVYHUPHOKRVHD]XLV,PDJLQHTXHYRFrFRPSURXEDUDOKRVGHFDUWDV
YHUPHOKRVHD]XLV(QWmRYRFrHPSLOKDHVVHVEDUDOKRVXQVVREUHRVRXWURV
(UDDVVLPTXHHVVDVSLOKDVGHFDUW}HVVHSDUHFLDP(ODVHUDPDJUXSDGDVHP
YHUPHOKRHD]XOHFDGDFRUWLQKDHPWRUQRGHFDUW}HV&DGDFRUFRQWLQKDR

(DV\FRGHUHUDRPRQWDGRUSDUDRFRPSXWDGRU+RQH\ZHOO+TXHHUDVLPLODUDR$XWRFRGHUSDUDR,%0

2
Introdução Pré-Requisito

FyGLJRIRQWHSDUDDELEOLRWHFDGHVXEURWLQDVTXHRVSURJUDPDGRUHVQRUPDOPHQWH
XVDYDP2VSURJUDPDGRUHVVLPSOHVPHQWHDSDQKDYDPREDUDOKRGHFLPDGDSLOKD
FHUWL¿FDQGRVHGHTXHQmRSHJDVVHPQDGDDOpPGHFDUW}HVD]XLVHYHUPHOKRVH
HQWmRRVFRORFDYDPQR¿PGHVHXEDUDOKRGHSURJUDPDomR

(VFUHYLPHXSURJUDPDHPDOJXQVIRUPXOiULRVGHFyGLJR)RUPXOiULRVGHFyGLJR
HUDPIROKDVGHSDSHOJUDQGHVHUHWDQJXODUHVGLYLGLGDVHPOLQKDVHFROXQDV
&DGDOLQKDUHSUHVHQWDYDXPFDUWmR9RFrHVFUHYLDVHXSURJUDPDQRIRUPXOiULRGH
FyGLJRXVDQGROHWUDVPDL~VFXODVHOiSLVQž1DV~OWLPDVFROXQDVGHFDGDOLQKD
HVFUHYLDVHTXrQFLDQXPpULFDFRPDTXHOHOiSLV&RPRGHFRVWXPHLQFUHPHQWHLD
VHTXrQFLDQXPpULFDHPGHIRUPDTXHSXGHVVHLQVHULURVFDUW}HVSRVWHULRUPHQWH

2VIRUPXOiULRVGHFyGLJRLDPSDUDDVSHUIXUDGRUDVSULQFLSDLV(VVDHPSUHVDWLQKD
XPJUXSRGHPXOKHUHVTXHSHJDYDPRVIRUPXOiULRVGHFyGLJRVGHGHQWURGHXPD
HQRUPHFHVWDHHQWmR³GLJLWDYDP´QDVPiTXLQDVSHUIXUDGRUDV(VVDVPiTXLQDV
VHSDUHFLDPEDVWDQWHFRPPiTXLQDVGHHVFUHYHUH[FHWRTXHRVFDUDFWHUHVHUDP
SHUIXUDGRVHPFDUW}HVDRLQYpVGHLPSUHVVRVHPSDSHO

1RGLDVHJXLQWHDVSHUIXUDGRUDVHQYLDUDPPHXSURJUDPDGHYROWDSRUPHLRGH
FRUUHLRLQWHUQR0HXSHTXHQREDUDOKRGHFDUW}HVSHUIXUDGRVYHLRHPEUXOKDGR
SHORVPHXVIRUPXOiULRVGHFyGLJRHXPHOiVWLFR(XSURFXUHLSRUHUURVQRV
FDUW}HV1mRKDYLDQHQKXP(QWmRFRORTXHLREDUDOKRGDELEOLRWHFDGHVXE
URWLQDQR¿QDOGRPHXEDUDOKRGHSURJUDPDHOHYHLWXGRSDUDRVRSHUDGRUHVGH
FRPSXWDGRUHVQRDQGDUGHFLPD

2VFRPSXWDGRUHV¿FDYDPDWUiVGHSRUWDVWUDQFDGDVHPXPDVDODDPELHQWDOPHQWH
FRQWURODGDFRPXPSLVRHOHYDGR SDUDWRGRRFDEHDPHQWR (XEDWLQDSRUWDHXP
RSHUDGRUSHJRXPHXEDUDOKRDXVWHUDPHQWHHRFRORFRXHPRXWUDFHVWDGHQWURGDVDOD
GHFRPSXWDGRUHV4XDQGRHOHVFKHJDUDPDWpHODFRORFDUDPPHXEDUDOKRSDUDURGDU

1RGLDVHJXLQWHSHJXHLPHXEDUDOKRGHYROWD(OHHVWDYDHPEUXOKDGRHPXPDOLVWD
GHUHVXOWDGRVHDWDGRFRPXPHOiVWLFR XViYDPRVPXLWRVHOiVWLFRVQDTXHOHVGLDV 

(XDEULDOLVWDHYLTXHPLQKDFRPSLODomRWLQKDIDOKDGR$VPHQVDJHQVGHHUURQD
OLVWDHUDPPXLWRGLItFHLVGHHQWHQGHUHQWmRDVOHYHLDRPHXVXSHUYLVRU(OHGHX
XPDROKDGDPXUPXURXDOJRIH]DOJXPDVDQRWDo}HVUiSLGDVQDOLVWDDSDQKRXPHX
EDUDOKRHSHGLXTXHRVHJXLVVH

3
Introdução Pré-Requisito

/HYRXPHDWpDVDODGHSHUIXUDomRHVHQWRXVHDXPDPiTXLQDTXHHVWDYDYDJD
&RUULJLXXPSRUXPRVFDUW}HVTXHWLQKDPHUURHDGLFLRQRXPDLVXPRXGRLV
FDUW}HV([SOLFRXUDSLGDPHQWHRTXHHVWDYDID]HQGRPDVWXGRSDVVRXFRPR
XPUHOkPSDJR

(OHOHYRXRQRYREDUDOKRDWpDVDODGHFRPSXWDGRUHVHEDWHXQDSRUWD'LVVH
DOJXPDVSDODYUDVPiJLFDVDXPGRVRSHUDGRUHVHHQWmRHQWURXQDVDOD)H]XPVLQDO
SDUDTXHRVHJXLVVH2RSHUDGRUSUHSDURXRVGULYHVSDUDD¿WDHFDUUHJRXREDUDOKR
HQTXDQWRQyVREVHUYiYDPRV$V¿WDVURGDUDPDLPSUHVVRUDIH]EDUXOKRHHQWmR
HVWDYDWHUPLQDGR2SURJUDPDWLQKDIXQFLRQDGR

1RGLDVHJXLQWHPHXVXSHUYLVRUDJUDGHFHXPHSRUPLQKDDMXGDHPHGHVSHGLX
$SDUHQWHPHQWHD$6&VHQWLXTXHQmRWLQKDWHPSRGHQXWULUXPMRYHPGHDQRV

0DVPHXHORFRPDHPSUHVDQmRKDYLDWHUPLQDGR$OJXQVPHVHVGHSRLVIXL
FRQWUDWDGRHPWHPSRLQWHJUDOQD$6&SDUDRSHUDULPSUHVVRUDVRIÀLQH(VVDV
máquinas imprimiam junk mail OL[RHOHWU{QLFR DSDUWLUGHLPDJHQVLPSUHVVDVTXH
KDYLDPVLGRDUPD]HQDGDVHP¿WDV0HXWUDEDOKRHUDFDUUHJDUDVLPSUHVVRUDVFRP
SDSHOFDUUHJDUDV¿WDVGHQWURGRVGULYHVUHVROYHURDWRODPHQWRGHSDSpLVHVHWXGR
FRUUHVVHEHPDSHQDVREVHUYDUDVPiTXLQDVIXQFLRQDUHP

2DQRHUD)DFXOGDGHQmRHUDRSomRSDUDPLPQHPDWLoDYDTXDOTXHUVHGXomR
HPSDUWLFXODU$*XHUUDGR9LHWQmDLQGDHVWDYDHPDQGDPHQWRHRVFDPSXVHUDP
FDyWLFRV&RQWLQXHLDGHYRUDUOLYURVVREUH&2%2/)RUWUDQ3/3'3H,%0
$VVHPEOHU0LQKDLQWHQomRHUDDGHFRQWRUQDURVHVWXGRVHVHJXLUGLUHWRHR
PDLVUiSLGRSRVVtYHOSDUDDREWHQomRGHXPWUDEDOKRFRPRSURJUDPDGRU

'R]HPHVHVGHSRLVDWLQJLPLQKDPHWD)XLSURPRYLGRDSURJUDPDGRUHPWHPSR
LQWHJUDOQD$6&(XHGRLVERQVDPLJRV5LFKDUGH7LPWDPEpPFRPDQRV
WUDEDOKDPRVFRPXPDHTXLSHGHWUrVSURJUDPDGRUHVHVFUHYHQGRXPVLVWHPDGH
FRQWDELOLGDGHHPWHPSRUHDOSDUDD7HDPVWHU$PiTXLQDHUDXP9DULDQL(UD
XPVLPSOHVPLQLFRPSXWDGRUVLPLODUHPDUTXLWHWXUDDR3'3H[FHWRTXHWLQKD
GRLVUHJLVWURVHXPYRFiEXORGHELWV$OLQJXDJHPHUD$VVHPEOHU

(VFUHYHPRVFDGDOLQKDGRFyGLJRQDTXHOHVLVWHPD(TXHURGL]HUcadaOLQKD
(VFUHYHPRVRVLVWHPDGHRSHUDomRDVFDEHoDVGHLQWHUUXSWRURVGULYHUV,2R
DUTXLYRGHVLVWHPDVSDUDRVGLVFRVRHQYROYLPHQWRGRVZDSSHUHDWpPHVPRR

1RWDGRWUDGXWRUJUXSRGHVLQGLFDWRVGHWUDEDOKDGRUHVSRGHURVtVVLPRQRV(8$

4
Introdução Pré-Requisito

OLQNDGRUUHORFiYHO(VFUHYHPRVWXGRHPPHVHVWUDEDOKDQGRGHDKRUDVSRU
VHPDQDSDUDFXPSULURSUD]RLQIHUQDO0HXVDOiULRHUDGH8SRUDQR

(QWUHJDPRVDTXHOHVLVWHPDHGHSRLVSHGLPRVGHPLVVmR

6DtPRVUHSHQWLQDPHQWHHFRPPDOtFLD9HMDDSyVWRGRDTXHOHWUDEDOKRHGHSRLV
GHWHUHQWUHJDGRXPVLVWHPDEHPVXFHGLGRDHPSUHVDQRVGHXXPDXPHQWRGH
6HQWLPRVTXHHVWiYDPRVVHQGRURXEDGRVHDEXVDGRV9iULRVSURJUDPDGRUHVWLQKDP
WUDEDOKRVHPRXWURVOXJDUHVHVLPSOHVPHQWHVHGHPLWLUDP

(XHQWUHWDQWRDVVXPLXPDDERUGDJHPGLIHUHQWHHEDVWDQWHLQIHOL]-XQWRFRPXP
FROHJDLQYDGLPRVRHVFULWyULRGRFKHIHHSHGLPRVGHPLVVmRMXQWRVID]HQGREDVWDQWH
EDUXOKR,VVRIRLHPRFLRQDOPHQWHPXLWRVDWLVIDWyULR±SRUXPGLD

1RGLDVHJXLQWHIXLDWLQJLGRSHORIDWRGHHVWDUGHVHPSUHJDGR7LQKDDQRVVHP
WUDEDOKRVHPJUDGXDomR)L]HQWUHYLVWDVSDUDDOJXQVFDUJRVGHSURJUDPDGRUSRUpP
VHPVXFHVVR(QWmRWUDEDOKHLQDR¿FLQDGHFRQVHUWRGHFRUWDGRUHVGHJUDPDGHPHX
FXQKDGRGXUDQWHTXDWURPHVHV,QIHOL]PHQWHHXHUDXPSpVVLPRUHSDUDGRU1R¿P
HOHWHYHTXHPHGLVSHQVDU&DtHPGHSUHVVmR

)LFDYDWRGDQRLWHDFRUGDGRDWpjVGDPDGUXJDGDFRPHQGRSL]]DHDVVLVWLQGR
DQWLJRV¿OPHVGHWHUURUQDYHOKDWHOHYLVmRSUHWRHEUDQFRGRVPHXVSDLV6RPHQWH
DOJXQVGRVIDQWDVPDVHUDPSHUVRQDJHQVGRV¿OPHV)LFDYDQDFDPDDWpjGDWDUGH
SRUTXHQmRTXHULDHQFDUDUPHXVGLDVPHODQFyOLFRV)L]XPFXUVRGHFiOFXORHPXPD
IDFXOGDGHORFDOHIXLUHSURYDGR(VWDYDDUUDVDGR

0LQKDPmHPHFKDPRXGHODGRHPHGLVVHTXHPLQKDYLGDHVWDYDXPDEDJXQoDH
que eu tinha sido um idiota de pedir demissão sem ter um novo emprego, e por tê-lo
IHLWRGHIRUPDWmRHPRFLRQDOHMXQWRDXPFROHJD(ODPHGLVVHTXHMDPDLVVHGHYH
sair sem ter algo em vista e, que, devemos sempre agir com calma, tranquilamente
HVR]LQKR'LVVHWDPEpPTXHHXGHYHULDWHOHIRQDUSDUDPHXDQWLJRFKHIHHLPSORUDU
SHORPHXWUDEDOKRGHYROWD(ODGLVVH³9RFrSUHFLVDFRPHUXPSRXFRGDWRUWDGD
KXPLOGDGH´

-RYHQVGHDQRVQmRVmRIDPRVRVSRUVHXDSHWLWHSRUWRUWDVGHKXPLOGDGHHHXQmR
HUDH[FHomR0DVDVFLUFXQVWkQFLDVKDYLDPFREUDGRVHXSHGiJLRVREUHPHXRUJXOKR
1R¿QDOWHOHIRQHLSDUDPHXFKHIHHGHLXPDJUDQGHERFDGDQDWRUWDGDKXPLOGDGH
(IXQFLRQRX(OH¿FRXIHOL]HPPHUHFRQWUDWDUSRU8SRUDQRHHX¿TXHL
IHOL]HPDFHLWDU

5
Introdução Pré-Requisito

)LTXHLPDLVGH]RLWRPHVHVWUDEDOKDQGROiREVHUYDQGRPLQKDVPDQHLUDVHWHQWDQGR
VHURIXQFLRQiULRPDLVYDOLRVRTXHSRGLD)XLUHFRPSHQVDGRFRPSURPRo}HVH
DXPHQWRVHXPFRQWUDFKHTXHUHJXODU$YLGDHUDERD4XDQGRVDtGDHPSUHVDIRL
HPWHUPRVDPLJiYHLVHFRPXPDRIHUWDSDUDXPHPSUHJRPHOKRUGHEDL[RGREUDoR

9RFrSRGHSHQVDUTXHHXKDYLDDSUHQGLGRDOLomRTXHDJRUDHXHUDXP
SUR¿VVLRQDO/RQJHGLVVR$TXHODIRLDSHQDVDSULPHLUDGHPXLWDVOLo}HVTXH
SUHFLVHLWRPDU1RVDQRVTXHVHVHJXLUDPHXVHULDGHVSHGLGRGHXPHPSUHJRSRU
SHUGHUQHJOLJHQWHPHQWHGDWDVLPSRUWDQWHVHTXDVHGHVSHGLGRGHRXWURSRUGHL[DU
YD]DULQDGYHUWLGDPHQWHLQIRUPDomRFRQ¿GHQFLDOSDUDXPFOLHQWH(XDVVXPLULD
DOLGHUDQoDGHXPSURMHWRFRQGHQDGRHROHYDULDDWpRIXQGRGRSRoRVHPSHGLU
DMXGDDQLQJXpPTXDQGRVDELDTXHSUHFLVDYD'HIHQGHULDDJUHVVLYDPHQWHPLQKDV
GHFLV}HVWpFQLFDVPHVPRTXHHODVHVYRDoDVVHPGLDQWHGDVQHFHVVLGDGHVGRV
FOLHQWHV&RQWUDWDULDXPDSHVVRDFRPSOHWDPHQWHGHVTXDOL¿FDGDVREUHFDUUHJDQGR
PHXHPSUHJDGRUFRPXPDHQRUPHUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHSDUDVHOLGDU(SLRUGH
tudo, faria com que outras duas pessoas fossem despedidas por conta de minha
LQDELOLGDGHHPOLGHUDU

6
1
P ROF I S SI O NA LI S MO

“Ria, Curtin, velho garoto. Foi uma grande peça pregada em nós pelo Senhor,
ou pelo destino, ou natureza, o que você preferir. Mas quem quer ou o que
quer que a tenha pregado, certamente tinha senso de humor! Rá!”.

– Howard27HVRXURGH6LHUUD0DGUH

7
Capítulo 1 Profissionalismo

(QWmRYRFrTXHUVHUXPSUR¿VVLRQDOGHGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHVRIWZDUHFHUWR"4XHU
HUJXHUDFDEHoDHGHFODUDUSDUDRPXQGR³(XVRXXPSUR¿VVLRQDO´4XHUTXHDV
SHVVRDVROKHPSDUDYRFrFRPUHVSHLWRHRWUDWHPFRPFRQVLGHUDomR4XHUTXHDV
PmHVDSRQWHPSDUDYRFrHGLJDPDVHXV¿OKRVSDUDHOHVVHUHPFRPRYRFr9RFr
TXHULVVRWXGR&HUWR"

Cuidado com o Que Você Pede


3UR¿VVLRQDOLVPRpXPWHUPRFDUUHJDGR6HPG~YLGDpXPGLVWLQWLYRGHKRQUDH
RUJXOKRPDVWDPEpPpXPPDUFDGRUGHLQFXPErQFLDHUHVSRQVDELOLGDGH2VGRLV
DQGDPODGRDODGRFODUR9RFrQmRSRGHWHUKRQUDHRUJXOKRGHDOJRSHORTXDOQmR
SRGHVHUUHVSRQViYHO

eEHPPDLVIiFLOQmRVHUSUR¿VVLRQDO1mRSUR¿VVLRQDLVQmRSRGHPVHU
UHVSRQVDELOL]DGRVSHORVWUDEDOKRVTXHID]HP±HOHVGHL[DPLVVRSDUDVHXV
HPSUHJDGRUHV6HXPGHOHVFRPHWHXPHUURRHPSUHJDGRUOLPSDDEDJXQoD
0DVTXDQGRXPSUR¿VVLRQDOFRPHWHXPHUUReleOLPSDDEDJXQoD

2TXHDFRQWHFHULDVHYRFrSHUPLWLVVHTXHXPGHIHLWRSDVVDVVHSRUXPPyGXORH
FXVWDVVHjVXDHPSUHVD5"2QmRSUR¿VVLRQDOGDULDGHRPEURVGLULDTXH
³HVVDVFRLVDVDFRQWHFHP´HFRPHoDULDDHVFUHYHURPyGXORVHJXLQWH2SUR¿VVLRQDO
IDULDXPFKHTXHGH5SDUDDHPSUHVD1

6LPDVHQVDomRpXPSRXFRGLIHUHQWHTXDQGRpVHXSUySULRGLQKHLURQmRp"0DV
HVVDVHQVDomRpDPHVPDTXHXPSUR¿VVLRQDOWHPRWHPSRWRGR1DYHUGDGHLVVR
pDHVVrQFLDGRSUR¿VVLRQDOLVPR3RUTXHYHMDSUR¿VVLRQDOLVPRWHPWXGRDYHUFRP
DVVXPLUUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHV

Assumindo Responsabilidade
9RFrOHXDLQWURGXomRFHUWR"6HQmRYROWHHOHLDHODHVWDEHOHFHRFRQWH[WRSDUDWXGR
RTXHVHVHJXHQHVWHOLYUR

(XDSUHQGLDDVVXPLUDUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHDRVRIUHUDVFRQVHTXrQFLDVSRUQmRID]rOR

$HVSHUDQoDpTXHHOHWHQKDXPDERDSROtWLFDGH(UURVH2PLVV}HV

8
Assumindo Responsabilidade

(PHXWUDEDOKDYDSDUDXPDHPSUHVDFKDPDGD7HUDG\QH(UDR³HQJHQKHLUR
UHVSRQViYHO´SHORVRIWZDUHTXHFRQWURODYDRVLVWHPDEDVHGRPLQLHGR
PLFURFRPSXWDGRUTXHPHGLDDTXDOLGDGHGDVOLQKDVWHOHI{QLFDV2PLQLFRPSXWDGRU
FHQWUDOHUDFRQHFWDGRYLDEDXGRXFRQH[mRGLDOXSXVDQGROLQKDVWHOHI{QLFDV
SDUDGH]HQDVGHPLFURFRPSXWDGRUHVVDWpOLWHVTXHFRQWURODYDPRKDUGZDUHGH
PHGLomR2FyGLJRHUDWRGRHVFULWRHP$VVHPEOHU

1RVVRVFOLHQWHVHUDPRVJHUHQWHVGHVHUYLoRVGHJUDQGHVFRPSDQKLDVWHOHI{QLFDV
&DGDTXDOHUDUHVSRQViYHOSRUOLQKDVWHOHI{QLFDVRXPDLV0HXVLVWHPD
DMXGDYDHVVHVJHUHQWHVGHiUHDDHQFRQWUDUHPHUHSDUDUHPGHIHLWRVHSUREOHPDV
QDVOLQKDVDQWHVTXHRVFOLHQWHVSHUFHEHVVHP,VVRUHGX]LDDWD[DGHUHFODPDomR
TXHDVFRPLVV}HVGHXWLOLGDGHS~EOLFDPHGLDPHFRVWXPDYDUHJXODUDVWD[DV
TXHDVFRPSDQKLDVWHOHI{QLFDVSRGLDPFREUDU2XVHMDHVVHVVLVWHPDVHUDP
LQFULYHOPHQWHLPSRUWDQWHV

7RGDQRLWHRVVLVWHPDVSDVVDYDPSRUXPD³URWLQDQRWXUQD´QDTXDOR
PLQLFRPSXWDGRUFHQWUDOGL]LDDFDGDXPGRVPLFURFRPSXWDGRUHVVDWpOLWHVSDUDWHVWDU
WRGDVDVOLQKDVWHOHI{QLFDVVREVHXFRQWUROH7RGDPDQKmRFRPSXWDGRUFHQWUDO
SX[DYDDOLVWDGHOLQKDVFRPGHIHLWRMXQWDPHQWHFRPDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGDIDOKD2V
JHUHQWHVGHVHUYLoRGDiUHDXVDYDPHVVHUHODWyULRSDUDDJHQGDUUHSDUDGRUHVD¿PGH
FRQVHUWDUDVIDOKDVDQWHVTXHRVFOLHQWHVUHFODPDVVHP

(PXPDRFDVLmRHXHQYLHLXPQRYRODQoDPHQWRSDUDGH]HQDVGHFOLHQWHV³(QYLDU´
pH[DWDPHQWHDSDODYUDFHUWD(VFUHYLRVVRIWZDUHVHP¿WDVHDVHQYLHLDRVFOLHQWHV
(OHVFDUUHJDUDPDV¿WDVHHQWmRUHLQLFLDUDPRVVLVWHPDV

2QRYRODQoDPHQWRFRQVHUWRXGHIHLWRVPHQRUHVHDGLFLRQRXQRYRVUHFXUVRVTXH
RVFOLHQWHVHVWDYDPH[LJLQGR+DYtDPRVOKHVGLWRTXHSURYHUtDPRVDTXHOHQRYR
UHFXUVRGHQWURGHXPGHWHUPLQDGRSUD]R(XSDVVHLDQRLWHLQWHLUDWUDEDOKDQGRQDV
¿WDVSDUDTXHHODVFKHJDVVHPQRSUD]RSURPHWLGR

'RLVGLDVGHSRLVUHFHELXPDFKDPDGDGHQRVVRJHUHQWHGHVHUYLoRGHFDPSR
7RP(OHPHGLVVHTXHYiULRVFOLHQWHVUHFODPDUDPTXHD³URWLQDQRWXUQD´QmRVH
FRPSOHWDYDHTXHHOHVQmRUHFHEHUDPRVUHODWyULRV0HXFRUDomRGLVSDURXSRLVD
¿PGHHQYLDURVVRIWZDUHVDWHPSRKDYLDQHJOLJHQFLDGRDURWLQDGHWHVWHV(XKDYLD
testado a maior parte das outras funcionalidades do sistema, mas testar a rotina
OHYDYDKRUDVHHXSUHFLVDYDGHVSDFKDURVRIWZDUH1HQKXPDGDVFRUUHo}HVGHEXJV
HVWDYDQRFyGLJRGDURWLQDHQWmRPHVHQWLVHJXUR

9
Capítulo 1 Profissionalismo

3HUGHUXPUHODWyULRQRWXUQRHUDDOJRPXLWRVpULR6LJQL¿FDYDTXHRWpFQLFRTXHIDULD
RVUHSDURVWHULDPHQRVDID]HUQDTXHODGDWDPDVWHULDWUDEDOKRHPH[FHVVRGHSRLV
6LJQL¿FDYDTXHRVFOLHQWHVSRGHULDPSHUFHEHUXPGHIHLWRHUHFODPDU3HUGHURV
GDGRVGHXPDQRLWHpRVX¿FLHQWHSDUDID]HUFRPTXHXPJHUHQWHGHVHUYLoRVGHiUHD
FKDPDVVH7RPHOKHGHVVHXPDEURQFD

/LJXHLRVLVWHPDGHQRVVRODERUDWyULRFDUUHJXHLRQRYRVRIWZDUHHFRPHFHLDURWLQD
/HYRXYiULDVKRUDVPDVHQWmRHOHDERUWRX$URWLQDWLQKDIDOKDGR6HHXWLYHVVH
rodado esse teste antes do envio, as áreas de serviço não teriam perdido dados e
VHXVJHUHQWHVQmRHVWDULDPWRVWDQGR7RPQDTXHOHPRPHQWR

7HOHIRQHLSDUD7RPSDUDGL]HUOKHTXHHXSRGLDGXSOLFDURSUREOHPD(OHPHGLVVH
TXHRXWURVFOLHQWHVWHOHIRQDUDPFRPDPHVPDTXHL[D(QWmRHOHPHSHUJXQWRX
TXDQGRHXSRGHULDFRQVHUWDURSUREOHPD(XGLVVHTXHQmRVDELDPDVTXHHVWDYD
WUDEDOKDQGRQDTXLOR(QTXDQWRLVVRGLVVHTXHRVFOLHQWHVGHYHULDPUHWRUQDUDR
DQWLJRVRIWZDUH(OH¿FRXEUDYRFRPLJRD¿UPDQGRTXHLVVRHUDXPJROSHGXSOR
para os clientes, já que eles perderam uma noite inteira de dados e não poderiam
XWLOL]DURQRYRUHFXUVRFRQIRUPHSURPHWLGR

)RLGLItFLOGHHQFRQWUDURGHIHLWRHWHVWDUOHYDYDYiULDVKRUDV2SULPHLURUHSDUR
QmRIXQFLRQRX1HPRVHJXQGR)RUDPQHFHVViULDVYiULDVWHQWDWLYDVHSRUWDQWR
YiULRVGLDVSDUDSHUFHEHURTXHHVWDYDHUUDGR2WHPSRWRGR7RP¿FDYDPH
telefonando com o intervalo de algumas horas para perguntar se eu havia consertado
RSUREOHPD(OHWDPEpPFHUWL¿FRXVHGHTXHHXHVWLYHVVHVDEHQGRGDGRUGHFDEHoD
TXHRVJHUHQWHVGHVHUYLoRVHVWDYDPOKHGDQGRHRWDQWRTXHHUDHPEDUDoRVRSDUD
HOHGL]HUTXHGHYHULDPFRORFDUDVDQWLJDV¿WDVGHYROWD

1R¿QDOHQFRQWUHLRGHIHLWRHQYLHLDVQRYDV¿WDVHWXGRYROWRXDRQRUPDO7RPTXH
QmRHUDPHXFKHIHVHDFDOPRXHGHL[RXWRGRRHSLVyGLRSDUDWUiV0HXFKHIHPH
SURFXURXGHSRLVTXHWXGRHVWDYDWHUPLQDGRHGLVVH³$SRVWRTXHYRFrQmRYDLID]HU
LVVRGHQRYR´(XFRQFRUGHL

$RUHÀHWLUSHUFHELTXHHQYLDUDV¿WDVVHPWHVWiODVWLQKDVLGRXPD
LUUHVSRQVDELOLGDGH$UD]mRSHODTXDOQHJOLJHQFLHLRWHVWHHUDSDUDSRGHUGL]HUTXH
RHQYLRIRUDIHLWRQRSUD]R7LQKDDYHUFRPLJRVDOYDQGRPLQKDSHOH1mRHVWDYD
SUHRFXSDGRFRPRFOLHQWHQHPPHXHPSUHJDGRU(VWDYDFRQFHQWUDGRVRPHQWHHP

10

También podría gustarte