ARTCULO ORIGINAL

EFECTO DE LA CENIZA VOLANTE EN LA RESISTENCIA DEL

CONCRETOEN CONDICIONES DE CLIMA NATURAL

EFFECT OF FLY ASH CONCRETE STRENGTH UNDER NATURAL

WEATHER

+XDTXLVWR61.

RESUMEN

(OFRQFUHWRHVHOPDWHULDOPiVXVDGRHQODPD\RUtDGHODVREUDVFLYLOHVGHELGRDTXHHVXQ
PDWHULDODOWDPHQWHUHVLVWHQWH\MXQWRDODFHURWLHQHXQEXHQFRPSRUWDPLHQWRHVWUXFWXUDOHQ
VXHODERUDFLyQVHXWLOL]DFRPRFRPSRQHQWHSULQFLSDODOFHPHQWRHOFXDOLQFLGHGLUHFWDPHQWH
HQHOFRVWRUD]yQSRUODFXDOVHEXVFDGLVPLQXLUODFDQWLGDGGHFHPHQWRFRQODDGLFLyQGH
FHQL]DYRODQWHHOFXDOHVXQSURGXFWRFRQWDPLQDQWHGHOGHVHFKRGHODVFHQWUDOHVWHUPRH-
lctricas. Objetivo:'HWHUPLQDUHOHIHFWRGHODFHQL]DYRODQWHHQODUHVLVWHQFLDGHOFRQFUHWR
HLGHQWLFDUHOSRUFHQWDMHySWLPRGHXWLOL]DFLyQHQODGRVLFDFLyQMaterial y mtodos: Se
XWLOL]yFRQFUHWRQRUPDOFRQDGLFLRQHVGHFHQL]DYRODQWHDOGLVHxRHQSURSRUFLRQHVGH
\SDUDURWXUDVDORV\GtDVResultados: A los 28 das se tienen
UHVLVWHQFLDVHQSURPHGLRGHNJFPWDQWRSDUDFRQFUHWRQRUPDODVtFRPRWDPELpQSDUD
FRQFUHWRFRQGHFHQL]DYRODQWHNJFPSDUDHONJFPSDUDHO\
NJFPSDUDHOGHFHQL]DYRODQWHUHVSHFWLYDPHQWHConclusiones: La ceniza volan-
WHPHMRUDODUHVLVWHQFLDGHOFRQFUHWRHQXQUDQJRGHODOPiVDOOiGHHVWRVYDORUHV
GLVPLQX\HODUHVLVWHQFLDGHOFRQFUHWRSRUORTXHSXHGHUHVXOWDUSHUMXGLFLDO

Palabras clave: Cemento, ceniza-volante, concreto, diseo, resistencia.

ABSTRACT

Concrete is the most common material used in most civil works because it is a highly resis-
tant and with material steel has a good structural behavior, its production is used as the
main cement component, which directly affects the cost , which is why it seeks to reduce the
DPRXQWRIFHPHQWZLWKWKHDGGLWLRQRI\DVKZKLFKLVDSROOXWDQWZDVWHRISRZHUSODQWV
Objective:7RGHWHUPLQHWKHHIIHFWRI\DVKLQFRQFUHWHVWUHQJWKDQGLGHQWLI\WKHRSWLPXP
XWLOL]DWLRQUDWHLQGRVDJHMaterial and methods: 1RUPDOFRQFUHWHZLWK\DVKDGGLWLRQV
WRWKHGHVLJQLQSURSRUWLRQVRIDQGIRUEUHDNDJHVDWDQG
 GD\V 5esults: $IWHU  GD\V KDYH UHVLVWDQFHV DYHUDJLQJ  NJFP IRU ERWK QRUPDO
 0DJtVWHUHQ,QJHQLHUtD&LYLO'RFWRUHQ&LHQFLD7HFQRORJtD\0HGLR$PELHQWHGRFHQWH8QLYHUVLGDG
Nacional del Altiplano de Puno.

57
5HYLVWD&LHQWtFDInvestigacin Andina
VOLUMEN 15 N 1 Enero-Junio 2015

FRQFUHWHDVZHOODVFRQFUHWHZLWK\DVKNJFPIRUNJFPWR
DQGNJFPIRURI\DVKUHVSHFWLYHO\Conclusions: Fly ash it improves concrete
VWUHQJWKLQDUDQJHIURPWREH\RQGWKHVHYDOXHVUHGXFHVWKHVWUHQJWKRIFRQFUHWHVR
LWFDQEHKDUPIXO

Keywords:&HPHQW\DVKFRQFUHWHGHVLJQUHVLVWDQFH

INTRODUCCIN

(OFRQFUHWRHVXQRGHORVPDWHULDOHVPiVXVDGRVHQODUHJLyQ3XQR\HO3HU~SDUDODFRQV-
WUXFFLyQGHWRGRWLSRGH,QIUDHVWUXFWXUD&LYLO6XGRVLFDFLyQUHTXLHUHHOXVRGHDGLWLYRVGH
GLVWLQWDQDWXUDOH]DGHPDQHUDTXHVHWHQJDXQFRQFUHWRGHPD\RUFDOLGDGHQHVWHVHQWLGR
VXUJHODSRVLELOLGDGGHXWLOL]DFLyQGHODFHQL]DYRODQWHFRPRDGLWLYRDVHUDGLFLRQDGRHQOD
GRVLFDFLyQGHOFRQFUHWRSDUDGDUOHPD\RUUHVLVWHQFLDGXUDELOLGDG\WUDEDMDELOLGDGHQFOLPDV
IUtRV6LELHQODFHQL]DYRODQWHHVXQPDWHULDOFRQWDPLQDQWHGHOPHGLRDPELHQWHVXXWLOL]D-
FLyQHQSHTXHxDVFDQWLGDGHVHQODGRVLFDFLyQGHOFRQFUHWRHVDGHFXDGR

/DVFHQL]DVYRODQWHVVHFRQVWLWX\HQHQXQUHVLGXRHFROyJLFDPHQWHSUREOHPiWLFRTXHGHEHQ
HOLPLQDUODVFHQWUDOHVWHUPRHOpFWULFDVHYLWDQGRTXHSHUPDQH]FDQHQORVGHSyVLWRVGRQGH
VRQDPRQWRQDGDV\XELFDGDVDODLUHOLEUH(VWDSUiFWLFDVHFRQYLHUWHHQXQSHOLJURDPELHQ-
WDO\DTXHVXFRQWDFWRFRQHODJXDHOVXHOR\HODLUHJHQHUDJUDYHVSUREOHPDVGHFRQWD-
minacin (1).

6LHQGRODFRQWDPLQDFLyQDPELHQWDOWRGRFDPELRLQGHVHDEOHHQODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVItVL-
FDVTXtPLFDVRELROyJLFDVGHODLUHHODJXDRHOVXHORTXHSXHGHDIHFWDUGHPDQHUDDGYHU-
VDODVDOXGODVXSHUYLYHQFLDRODVDFWLYLGDGHVGHORVKXPDQRVRGHRWURVVHUHVYLYRV

0XFKRVHVWXGLRVKDQVLGRGHVDUUROODGRVSDUDHYDOXDUODLQXHQFLDGHOXVRGHFHQL]DYRODQWH
FRQSURSLHGDGHVSX]ROiQLFDVHQODWUDEDMDELOLGDGGHOFRQFUHWR\HQVXFDOLGDGHQWpUPLQRV
GHVXUHVLVWHQFLDDODFRPSUHVLyQ\GHORVQLYHOHVGHFRQWUDFFLyQSRUVHFDGRHQXQRGHORV
HVWXGLRVHOREMHWLYRFRQVLVWLyHQGHWHUPLQDUHOFRQVXPRySWLPRGHFHQL]DYRODQWHSDUDREWH-
QHUODPi[LPDUHVLVWHQFLDDODFRPSUHVLyQHQFRQFUHWRVFRQXQDFRQVLVWHQFLDGDGDDVtFRPR
evaluar los niveles de contraccin por secado (3).

/DFHQL]DYRODQWHHVXQVXESURGXFWRGHODFRPEXVWLyQGHOFDUEyQSXOYHUL]DGRHQSODQWDV
JHQHUDGRUDVGHHOHFWULFLGDG\HVHOPDWHULDOFHPHQWDQWHVXSOHPHQWDULRPiVXWLOL]DGRHQORV
(VWDGRV8QLGRV%DMRODLJQLFLyQHQHOKRUQRODPD\RUSDUWHGHODPDWHULDYROiWLO\HO
FDUERQRGHOFDUEyQVHTXHPDQ'XUDQWHODFRPEXVWLyQODVLPSXUH]DVPLQHUDOHVGHOFDUEyQ
WDOHVFRPRDUFLOODIHOGHVSDWRFXDU]R\HVTXLVWRVHIXQGHQHQVXVSHQVLyQ\VHWUDQVSRUWDQ
KDFLDDIXHUDGHODFiPDUDSRUORVJDVHVGHHVFDSH

58
Efecto de la ceniza volante en la resistencia del concreto
Samuel Huaquisto Cceres
/DV FHQL]DV YRODQWHV VRQ HO UHVLGXR QDPHQWH GLYLGLGR UHVXOWDQWH GH OD FRPEXVWLyQ GHO
FDUEyQ\DVHDHQWUR]RVRHQSROYRHOFXDOHVWUDQVSRUWDGRGHVGHVXDOPDFHQDPLHQWRSRUORV
JDVHVGHFRPEXVWLyQ

(VWD FHQL]D YRODQWH REWHQLGD GH OD TXHPD GHO FDUEyQ XWLOL]DGR FRPR FRPEXVWLEOH HQ OD
JHQHUDFLyQGHHQHUJtDHOpFWULFDHVFRQVLGHUDGDFRPRXQFRQWDPLQDQWHVLHQGREHQHFLRVR
FXDQGRHVDGLFLRQDGDDOFRQFUHWRHQFDQWLGDGHVSHTXHxDVSDUDPHMRUDUVXUHVLVWHQFLD\D
TXHHODXPHQWRGHOFRQWHQLGRGHFHQL]DVGHODOQRPRGLFDVLJQLFDWLYDPHQWHHO
FRPSRUWDPLHQWRPHFiQLFRGHOPDWHULDO

/DFHQL]DYRODQWHQRHVPX\XWLOL]DGRHQQXHVWURSDtVGHELGRDODIDOWDGHGLIXVLyQDFHUFDGH
ORVEHQHFLRVTXHSRGUtDJHQHUDUHQHOFRQFUHWRHQSDtVHVGHPD\RUGHVDUUROORWHFQROyJLFRVH
YLHQHXVDQGRFRPRXQVXESURGXFWRSDUDODHODERUDFLyQGHFHPHQWRV\FRQFUHWRVDGLFLRQDGRV/D
FHQL]DYRODQWHHVXQRGHORVWLSRVGHDGLFLRQHVDFWLYDVHPSOHDGDVHQODIDEULFDFLyQGHFHPHQ-
WRV\KRUPLJRQHVFRQRFLGDWDPELpQFRPRFHQL]DGHFRPEXVWLEOHSXOYHUL]DGRHVODFHQL]D
SUHFLSLWDGDHOHFWURVWiWLFDPHQWHGHORVKXPRVHVFDSDGRVGHODVHVWDFLRQHVGHIXHU]DPRWUL]TXH
IXQFLRQDQDEDVHGHFDUEyQ\HVODSX]RODQDDUWLFLDOPiVFRP~QHQVXVFRPSRQHQWHVSUHYD-
lecen elementos minerales. La adicin de las cenizas al concreto reduce su costo, se utiliza menos
FHPHQWR\VHPHMRUDDOJXQDVGHVXVSURSLHGDGHVFRPRVXWUDEDMDELOLGDGGXUDELOLGDGGHQVLGDG\
VDQJUDGRVXLPSHUPHDELOLGDGVXUHVLVWHQFLDDODWDTXHTXtPLFRVREUHWRGRGHVXOIDWRV\VXUHVLV-
WHQFLDDODFRPSUHVLyQ/DVEDMDVUHODFLRQHVDJXDFHPHQWRREWHQLGDVFRPRFRQVHFXHQFLDGHOD
DGLFLyQGHFHQL]DYRODQWHSHUPLWHQUHGXFLUODUHWUDFFLyQSRUVHFDGR\ODUHVLVWHQFLDDODDEUDVLyQ
HQFRQFUHWRVXLGRV/RVUHVXOWDGRVREWHQLGRVFRQVROLGDQORVDUJXPHQWRVWpFQLFRV\HFROyJLFRV
para seguir promoviendo el uso de concretos con ceniza volante (9).

)LJXUD&HQL]DYRODQWHFRPRSURGXFWRGHGHVHFKRGHODVFHQWUDOHVWHUPRHOpFWULFDV

)XHQWHZZZWULEXWDFLyQQHW

59
5HYLVWD&LHQWtFDInvestigacin Andina
VOLUMEN 15 N 1 Enero-Junio 2015

/DVSDUWtFXODVLQGLYLGXDOHVGHFHQL]DVYRODQWHVGHFDUEyQHVWiQHQHOUDQJRGHPHQRVGH
PDPiVGHPPGHWDPDxR/DVSDUWtFXODVGHFHQL]DVYRODQWHVDSURSLDGDVSDUDVHUXVDGDV
FRPRSX]RODQDHQFRQFUHWRVSDVDQHQVXPD\RUtDHOWDPL]1PFRQFRQWHQLGRV
GHKXPHGDGSUHVHQWHVPHQRUHVD6XFRPSRVLFLyQTXtPLFDHVFRPSOHMDODPD\RUtDVRQ
GHQDWXUDOH]DVLOtFHD\GHEDMRFRQWHQLGRGHy[LGRGHFDOFLRHVGHFLUy[LGRGHDOXPLQLR
$O2y[LGRIpUULFR)H2y[LGRGHFDOFLR&D2VtOLFD6L2DGHPiVGHy[LGR
GHPDJQHVLR0J2\WULy[LGRGHD]XIUH62([LVWHQGRVFODVHVFRPXQHVHQQXHVWUR
PHGLRODVFHQL]DVGHOD&ODVH)VRQQRUPDOPHQWHSURGXFLGDVSRUFDUEyQFRQDOWRFDORUGH
HQHUJtDWDOHVFRPRORVFDUERQHVELWXPLQRVRV\DQWUDFtWLFRV\UDUDPHQWHFRQWLHQHQPiVGHO
GHy[LGRGHFDOFLR/DVFHQL]DVGHOD&ODVH&VXEELWXPLQRVDVWtSLFDPHQWHFRQWLHQHQ
PiVGHOGHy[LGRGHFDOFLR\WLHQHQSURSLHGDGHVFHPHQWDQWHV\SX]ROiQLFDV

/DUHVLVWHQFLDHQFRPSUHVLyQGHOFRQFUHWRHVODFDUJDPi[LPDSDUDXQDXQLGDGGHiUHD
VRSRUWDGDSRUXQDPXHVWUDDQWHVGHODIDOODSRUFRPSUHVLyQDJULHWDPLHQWRURWXUDHO
FXDOGHEHVHUDOFDQ]DGRDORVGtDVGHVSXpVGHYDFLDGR\UHDOL]DGRHOFXUDGRUHVSHFWLYR
/DUHVLVWHQFLDGHOFRQFUHWRQRSXHGHSUREDUVHHQFRQGLFLyQSOiVWLFDSRUORTXHHO
SURFHGLPLHQWRDFRVWXPEUDGRFRQVLVWHHQWRPDUPXHVWUDVGXUDQWHHOPH]FODGR/DUHVLV-
tencia del concreto depende principalmente de la concentracin de la pasta de cemento,
TXH VH DFRVWXPEUD H[SUHVDU SULQFLSDOPHQWH HQ WpUPLQRV GH OD UHODFLyQ DJXDFHPHQWR
PLHQWUDV PD\RU HV pVWD UHODFLyQ PHQRU HV OD UHVLVWHQFLD GHO FRQFUHWR D HVWD SDVWD GH
cemento se adiciona la ceniza volante.

(OFRQFUHWRHVXQPDWHULDODUWLILFLDOFRPSXHVWRSRUXQDPH]FODDGHFXDGDGRVLIL-
FDGDGHFHPHQWRDJXDDJUHJDGRV\RSFLRQDOPHQWHDGLWLYRVTXHLQLFLDOPHQWHGHQR-
WDXQDHVWUXFWXUDSOiVWLFD\PROGHDEOHTXHSRVWHULRUPHQWHDGTXLHUHXQDFRQVLVWHQFLD
rgida con propiedades resistentes, entre sus componentes se tiene: Cemento Portland
DJXDDJUHJDGRVDLUH\DGLWLYRVDGLFLR-
QDGRVHQWUHHOORVSXHGHVHUFHQL]DYRODQWH(OFHPHQWRHVXQDJORPHUDQWHKLGUyILOR
UHVXOWDQWH GH OD FDOFLQDFLyQ GH URFDV FDOL]DV DUHQLVFDV \ DUFLOODV SDUD REWHQHU XQ
SROYRPX\ILQRTXHHQSUHVHQFLDGHDJXDDGTXLHUHSURSLHGDGHVGHHQGXUHFLPLHQWR
UHVLVWHQFLD \ DGKHUHQFLD /RV FRPSRQHQWHV SULQFLSDOHV GHO FHPHQWR VRQ 6LOLFDWR
de Tricalcio C3S, Silicato de Bicalcio C2S, Aluminato de Tricalcio C3A, Alumi-
QRIHUUDWR&$)DGLFLRQDOPHQWHVHDJUHJD\HVR62/RVDJUHJDGRVFRQVWLWX\HQ
XQD LPSRUWDQWH SDUWH GHO FRQFUHWR DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH HO  GH OD PDVD VX URO HV
HYLGHQWHPHQWHGHJUDQLPSRUWDQFLD(OFRQFUHWRVHKDFHFRQSDUWtFXODVGHDJUHJDGR
GHXQDYDULHGDGGHWDPDxRV/DDOWHUQDWLYDGHXVRPiVFRP~QHQODIDEULFDFLyQGH
FRQFUHWRV GH EXHQD FDOLGDG FRQVLVWH HQ REWHQHU HO DJUHJDGR HQ SRU OR PHQRV GRV
partes separados, con la divisin principal en el tamao de partcula de 9.5 mm o la
PDOODQ~PHURGHOD$670$VtVHGLYLGHHODJUHJDGRILQRDUHQDGHODJUHJDGR
grueso (grava).

60
Efecto de la ceniza volante en la resistencia del concreto
Samuel Huaquisto Cceres
)LQDOPHQWHHOREMHWLYRGHOHVWXGLRIXHGHWHUPLQDUHOHIHFWRGHODFHQL]DYRODQWHHQODUHVLV-
WHQFLDGHOFRQFUHWRHLGHQWLFDUHOSRUFHQWDMHySWLPRGHXWLOL]DFLyQHQODGRVLFDFLyQGHO
concreto.

MATERIAL Y MTODOS

/DLQYHVWLJDFLyQIXHFXDQWLWDWLYDGHFDUiFWHUQRH[SHULPHQWDOGHOWLSRFRUUHODFLRQDOHQHO
FXDOVHWLHQHQODVYDULDEOHVSRUFHQWDMHGHFHQL]DYRODQWH\UHVLVWHQFLDGHOFRQFUHWR

(OiPELWRGHHVWXGLRVRQORVFRQFUHWRVFRQYHQFLRQDOHVHODERUDGRVHQODFLXGDGGH3XQRHO
FXDOVHXELFDDXQDDOWLWXGGHPVQP/DWLWXG6XU\/RQJLWXG
2HVWH/DSUHFLSLWDFLyQSURPHGLRDQXDOHVPHQRUGHPPWHPSHUDWXUDYDULDEOHFRQRVFL-
ODFLRQHVHQWUHXQDPi[LPDGH&\XQDPtQLPDGH&FRQXQDWHPSHUDWXUDPHGLD
GH&VHJ~QHO6HUYLFLR1DFLRQDO'H0HWHRURORJtDH+LGURORJtD6(1$0+,3XQR

6HKDQGHWHUPLQDGRHVSHFtPHQHVGHSUXHEDSDUDFRQFUHWRQRUPDOVHJ~QHOPpWRGR$&,
DOGHFHQL]D\GHOSHVRGHOFHPHQWRSDUDURWXUDVDORV\GtDV
en una prensa Modelo ADR 1500.

(O FHPHQWR XVDGR HV GHO WLSR ,3 SX]ROiQLFR FRQ SHVR HVSHFtFR GH JUFP (O DJXD
XWLOL]DGDHVSRWDEOH\ORVDJUHJDGRVIXHURQREWHQLGRVGHODFDQWHUDGH&XWLPERXELFDGDD
24Km., de la ciudad de Puno.

/DVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHORVDJUHJDGRVVRQODVTXHVHPXHVWUDQHQODWDEOD3DUDODGHWHUPLQD-
FLyQGHODUHVLVWHQFLDGHOFRQFUHWRVHUHDOL]ySUREHWDVFLOtQGULFDVGHFPGHDOWXUD\GLiPH-
WURVGHFPSUREDGDVDORV\GtDV/DVSUREHWDVSHUPDQHFLHURQHQHOPROGHGH
DKRUDVGHVSXpVIXHURQFXUDGRVEDMRDJXDKDVWDHOPRPHQWRGHOHQVD\RDWHPSHUDWXUD
DPELHQWHPHGLDGH&

7DEOD&DUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHODJUHJDGRSDUDODHODERUDFLyQGHFRQFUHWRV

&DQWHUD&XWLPER Agregado grueso $JUHJDGRQR

7DPDxRPi[LPRSXOJ 1 Nro 4
3HVRHVSHFtFRJFP3) 2,50 2,47
3HVRXQLWDULRFRPSDFWDGRNJP3) 1619 1709
3HVRXQLWDULRVXHOWRNJP3) 1423 1487
&RQWHQLGRGHKXPHGDG 0,83 1,09
$EVRUFLyQ 3,11 0,93
0yGXORGHQH]D 6,82 3,30

)XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQHQEDVHDHQVD\RVGHODERUDWRULR

61
5HYLVWD&LHQWtFDInvestigacin Andina
VOLUMEN 15 N 1 Enero-Junio 2015

/DFHQL]DYRODQWHXVDGRHVGHOWLSR)SURGXFLGDVQRUPDOPHQWHDSDUWLUGHODFRPEXVWLyQ
GH DQWUDFLWDV \ FDUERQHV ELWXPLQRVRV \ FX\D VXPD GH y[LGRV iFLGRV HV PD\RU GHO 
8QDPXHVWUDGHNJGHFHQL]DYRODQWHH[WUDtGRGHODFHQWUDOWHUPRHOpFWULFDGH,OR
VRPHWLGDDDQiOLVLVTXtPLFRVDUURMyORVVLJXLHQWHVUHVXOWDGRV

7DEOD&DUDFWHUtVWLFDVTXtPLFDVGHODFHQL]DYRODQWH

Descripcin Si02 Al203 Fe203 Mn203 CaO MgO Na20 K20 S03
de muestra
        
Ceniza volante 54,32 25,36 0,18 0,05 1,18 0,03 1,27 1,93 0,05

)XHQWH/DERUDWRULRVDQDOtWLFRVGHOVXU(,5/WGD$UHTXLSD

$OJXQRV FRPSRQHQWHV LPSRUWDQWHV GH OD FDUDFWHUL]DFLyQ TXtPLFD GH OD FHQL]D YRODQWH
VRQHOFRQWHQLGRGHVXOIDWRVKXPHGDG\SpUGLGDSRUFDOFLQDFLyQ

RESULTADOS

(OGLVHxRGHPH]FODVIXHUHDOL]DGRSDUDXQFRQFUHWRGHIF NJFPDVHQWDPLHQWR
GH\UHODFLyQDJXDFHPHQWR/DGHWHUPLQDFLyQGHODSURSRUFLyQHQSHVR
GHOGLVHxRPRVWUyORVVLJXLHQWHVUHVXOWDGRV&HPHQWR $JUHJDGRQR
 $JUHJDGRJUXHVR $JXD 
Por tanto la proporcin en peso del diseo de la mezcla de concreto es la mostrada en
ODWDEOD

7DEOD3URSRUFLyQHQSHVRGHOGLVHxRGHPH]FODVSDUDFRQFUHWR

Componentes GHFHQL]DYRODQWHXWLOL]DGDHQHOGLVHxR
    
&HPHQWRNJ 42,5 41,44 40,38 38,25 36,13
&HQL]DYRODQWHNJ 0 1,06 2,13 4,25 6,38
$JUHJDGRQRNJ 69,28 69,28 69,28 69,28 69,28
$JUHJDGRJUXHVRNJ 115,60 115,60 115,60 115,60 115,60
Agua (lit) 23,80 23,80 23,80 23,80 23,80

)XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQHQEDVHDHQVD\RVGHODERUDWRULR

/RVUHVXOWDGRVGHODUHVLVWHQFLDSURPHGLRDODFRPSUHVLyQGHOFRQFUHWRDORV\
GtDVVHSUHVHQWDQHQODWDEODFRQORVUHVSHFWLYRVGHFHQL]DYRODQWHDGLFLRQDGRVDOD
mezcla de concreto.

62
Efecto de la ceniza volante en la resistencia del concreto
Samuel Huaquisto Cceres
Tabla 4. Resistencias promedio a la compresin simple del concreto

% de ceniza volante 7 das 14 das 28 das

0,0 146 178 218
2,5 147 180 223
5,0 150 185 231
10,0 139 170 200
15,0 125 159 192

)XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQHQEDVHDHQVD\RVGHODERUDWRULR

(Q OD WDEOD  VH REVHUYD TXH YDORUHV Pi[LPRV GH UHVLVWHQFLDV D FRPSUHVLyQ VLPSOH GHO
FRQFUHWRDORV\GtDVVRQDOFDQ]DGDVSDUDXQFRQWHQLGRGHFHQL]DYRODQWHGHO
&RQWHQLGRVGHFHQL]DYRODQWHPD\RUDOUHGXFHODUHVLVWHQFLDGHOFRQFUHWRLQFOXVLYHSRU
GHEDMRGHOSHUPLWLGRHQFDPELRYDORUHVSRUGHEDMRGHOGHFHQL]DYRODQWHPDQWLHQHQOD
resistencia a compresin simple del concreto en un rango permitido.

250
Resistencia del concreto f'c (kg/cm2)

200

7 das
14 das
150
28 das

100
0 5 10 15 20
Contenido de ceniza volante (%)

)LJXUD Resistencia del concreto segn porcentaje de ceniza volante.

/DUHVLVWHQFLDGHOFRQFUHWRHQIXQFLyQDOSRUFHQWDMHGHFHQL]DYRODQWH\VHJ~QHOQ~PHURGH
GtDVWUDQVFXUULGRVDXPHQWDKDVWDXQSXQWRPi[LPR\GLVPLQX\HDPHGLGDTXHHVWHFRQWHQLGR
GHFHQL]DYRODQWHDXPHQWDWDOFRPRVHLOXVWUDHQODJXUD(OSRUFHQWDMHySWLPRHVWiGHQWUR
GHOUDQJRDSUR[LPDGRGHODOGHFRQWHQLGRGHFHQL]DVLHQGRXQYDORUPHGLRHOPiV
ptimo.

63
5HYLVWD&LHQWtFDInvestigacin Andina
VOLUMEN 15 N 1 Enero-Junio 2015

250

Resistencia del concreto f'c (kg/cm2) 200

150 0%
2.50%
100 5%
10%
50 15%

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Nro. De das de curado

)LJXUD Resistencia del concreto segn das transcurridos.

(QODJXUDVHREVHUYDTXHODUHVLVWHQFLDGHOFRQFUHWRDXPHQWDVHJ~QGtDVWUDQVFXUULGRV
$OFDQ]DXQDUHVLVWHQFLDFRQVLGHUDEOHKDVWDORVVLHWHGtDVDSDUWLUGHOFXDOODSHQGLHQWHGHOD
FXUYDWLHQGHDVHUPiVKRUL]RQWDO7DPELpQVHREVHUYDTXHODVUHVLVWHQFLDVPi[LPDVFRUUHV-
SRQGHQDOGHFHQL]DYRODQWHHQODGRVLFDFLyQGHOFRQFUHWR

DISCUSIN

$ORVGtDVODVEULTXHWDVGHFRQFUHWRFRQHOFRQWHQLGRGHOGHFHQL]DYRODQWHDOFDQ]DQ
PD\RUHVUHVLVWHQFLDVSRUWDQWRODVFHQL]DVYRODQWHVSXHGHQFRQWULEXLUDPHMRUDUODUHVLV-
WHQFLDDFRPSUHVLyQGHOFRQFUHWRDHGDGHVWDQWHPSUDQDVFRPRORVGtDVGiQGROHOD
FDOLGDG UHTXHULGD7DPELpQHV IDFWLEOH GLVHxDU FRQFUHWRV DGLFLRQDGRV FRQ FHQL]D YRODQWH
FRQODPLVPDUHVLVWHQFLDHVSHFLFDGDFRQODFHUWH]DTXHDHGDGHVPD\RUHVDORVGtDV
VX LQFUHPHQWR UHVLVWHQWH VHUi PD\RU TXH ORV FRQFUHWRV QRUPDOHV  (VWD DUPDFLyQ HV
FRUURERUDGDSRUHOSUHVHQWHHVWXGLR\DTXHHQWRGDVODVGRVLFDFLRQHVUHDOL]DGDVDPHGL-
GD TXH DXPHQWD OD HGDG GHO FRQFUHWR DXPHQWD WDPELpQ OD UHVLVWHQFLD GHO FRQFUHWR 3RU
RWURODGRFRQFUHWRVHIHFWXDGRVFRQHVWHWLSRGHUHVLGXRDOFDQ]DQH[FHOHQWHVSURSLHGDGHV
PHFiQLFDV\PD\RUGXUDELOLGDGSRUVXUHVLVWHQFLDDORVDJUHVLYRViFLGRV\DODUHDFFLyQ
iULGRiOFDOLVLQHPEDUJRHVQHFHVDULRWHQHUHQFXHQWDTXHODUHDFFLyQGHKLGUDWDFLyQGH
ODFHQL]DYRODQWHHVPiVOHQWDTXHODGHOFHPHQWR3RUWODQGSRUHOORVHREWLHQHQPHMRUHV
UHVLVWHQFLDVSHURHQSHULRGRVGHWLHPSRPiVODUJRVHQFRQVHFXHQFLDVHUtDUHFRPHQGD-
EOHFRQVLGHUDUSDUDODVPH]FODVGHFRQFUHWRFRQFHQL]DYRODQWHXQDHGDGGHGLVHxRPD\RU
a los 28 das (14).

$OJXQRVHVWXGLRVLQGLFDQTXHODDGLFLyQGHOGHFHQLDYRODQWHVHFRQVLGHUDHOSRUFHQ-
WDMHySWLPRGHDGLFLyQ\DTXHLQFUHPHQWDODUHVLVWHQFLDPHFiQLFDGHOPRUWHURHQXQD

64
Efecto de la ceniza volante en la resistencia del concreto
Samuel Huaquisto Cceres
HGDGHVGHGtDVGHFXUDGR\JHQHUDHIHFWRVSRVLWLYRVHQODVSURSLHGDGHVGHGXUDELOLGDG
 HQ RWUR HVWXGLR WDPELpQ VH LQGLFD TXH HO SRUFHQWDMH ySWLPR GH DGLFLyQ GH FHQL]D
YRODQWHHVGHOGHVGHHOSXQWRGHYLVWDPHFiQLFRVLQHPEDUJRSDUDQXHVWURHVWX-
GLRDHVWDSURSRUFLyQODUHVLVWHQFLDGLVPLQX\HGHELGRDODEDMDWHPSHUDWXUDVGHFXUDGRSRU
tanto la proporcin ptima de ceniza volante para el diseo de mezclas de concreto es del
DOeVWDGRVLFDFLyQQRHVSDUDPRUWHURVVLQRSDUDFRQFUHWRVGHNJFPTXH
OOHYDQDFHURGHUHIXHU]RORVFXDOHVVHSXHGHQGHWHULRUDUSRUODFRPSRVLFLyQTXtPLFDTXH
presenta la ceniza volante.

(OXVRGHJUDQGHVYRO~PHQHVGHFHQL]DYRODQWHLQFUHPHQWDODGXUDELOLGDGGHOFRQFUHWRDO
DXPHQWDUODLPSHUPHDELOLGDGDWULEXLEOHDTXHODVSDUWtFXODVQDVGHFHQL]DYRODQWHVHDORMDQ
HQORVHVSDFLRVHQWUHODVSDUWtFXODVGHFHPHQWR\DOFRQWULEXLUDUHGXFLUHOVDQJUDGRHQOD]RQD
GH WUDQVLFLyQ SDVWDDJUHJDGR HV PiV UHVLVWHQWH$XQDGR D HVWR OD FHQL]D YRODQWHUHGXFH OD
JHQHUDFLyQGHFDORUGHKLGUDWDFLyQDXPHQWDODUHVLVWHQFLDDODDFFLyQGHORVVXOIDWRV\DSDUWH
VHREWLHQHXQSURGXFWRVXVWHQWDEOH\DTXHHVXQGHVHFKRLQGXVWULDOFRQWDPLQDQWH(OXVRGH
ODFHQL]DYRODQWHD\XGDDXPHQWDUODWUDEDMDELOLGDG\GLVPLQX\HODSpUGLGDGHUHYHQLPLHQWR
DXQTXHHOFRQVXPRGHFHPHQWDQWHWRWDODXPHQWDGHNJPDNJPHOFRVWRGHO
FHPHQWDQWHHVPXFKRPiVEDMR\DTXHODFHQL]DYRODQWHHVPXFKRPiVEDUDWDTXHHOFHPHQWR
Prtland.

CONCLUSIONES

/DFHQL]DYRODQWHXWLOL]DGRHQHOGLVHxRGHPH]FODVGHFRQFUHWRHQSRUFHQWDMHVGHODO
PHMRUDODUHVLVWHQFLDGHpVWHVLHQGRySWLPRXQYDORUPHGLRHQHVWHUDQJRDGHPiVDORV
28 das para estos porcentajes de ceniza volante se alcanzan resistencias por encima de la
resistencia del concreto normal.

3RUFHQWDMHVFHQL]DYRODQWHPD\RUHVDOHQHOGLVHxRGHPH]FODVGHFRQFUHWRKDFHSHUGHUOD
UHVLVWHQFLDGHOPLVPRHQFDPELRSDUDSRUFHQWDMHVPHQRUHVDOODUHVLVWHQFLDGHOFRQFUHWR
HVDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHODPLVPDTXHSDUDHOFRQFUHWRQRUPDO

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5HYLVWD&LHQWtFDInvestigacin Andina
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WXWRSDUFLDOGHOFHPHQWR3yUWODQGHQODGXUDELOLGDGGHOKRUPLJyQSURSLHGDGHVItVLFDV
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5HYLVWDGH2EUDV3~EOLFDV
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OXQ\D(VSDxD8QLYHUVLGDG3ROLWpFQLFDGH&DWDOXQ\D
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)HFKDGHDFHSWDFLyQ
5HIHUHQFLDV
6DPXHO+XDTXLVWR&iFHUHV
51950006004
KFBVDPXHO#KRWPDLOFRP

66