Vasile Ramneantu - Istoricul Relatiilor

Introducere
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TEMESIENSE
BIBLIOTHECA HISTORICA
ET ARCHAEOLOGICA
BANATICA
XXXIX
Edenda cvravit
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2
Introducere
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Bibliogr.
ISBN (10) 973-52-0041-4
ISBN (13) 978-973-52-0041-1
94(498:497.1)”1918/1939”
327(498:497.1)”1918/1939”
4
Introducere
CUPRINS
Introducere............................................................................................................. 7
Capitolul I
5HOD LLOHGLSORPDWLFHURPkQR-iugoslave între 1918-1940 ............................ 11
3UREOHPD %DQDWXOXL vQ FRQWH[WXO UHOD LLORU GLSORPDWLFH GLQWUH 5RPkQLD üL
Regatul sârbo-croato-sloven............................................................................... 12
3R]L LLFRPXQHDOHFHORUGRX GLSORPD LLOD&RQIHULQ DS FLL ....................... 24
&RODERUDUHD GLQWUH GLSORPD LLOH URPkQ üL LXJRVODY vQ SHUioada 1920 –
1935 ........................................................................................................................ 26
7HQVLXQLvQUHOD LLOHGLSORPDWLFHURPkQR-iugoslave (1935 – 1940) ............... 49
RHOD LLOHLQWHU-parlamentare româno – iugoslave.......................................... 106
Colaborarea româno-LXJRVODY SHSODQPLOLWDU ............................................ 107
Note ..................................................................................................................... 115
Capitolul II
5HOD LLOHFXOWXUDOHURPkQR-iugoslave............................................................ 127
RHOD LLOHGLQGRPHQLXOLWHUDUDUWLVWLFüLüWLQ LILF ............................................ 127
$VSHFWHDOHUHOD LLORUURPkQR– iugoslave în domeniul cultelor între 1919 –
1940 ...................................................................................................................... 144
3UREOHPDvQY PkQWXOXLPLQRULWDU ............................................................... 177
$OWHDVSHFWHDOHUHOD LLOHFXOWXUDOHURPkQR– iugoslave................................ 200
5HOD LLOHFXOWXUDOHGLQWUH5RPkQLDüLURPkQLLGLQ,XJRVODYLD
vQSHULRDGDLQWHUEHOLF ....................................................................................... 205
5HOD LLOHFXOWXUDOHDOHVkUELORUGLQ%DQDWXOURPkQHVFFX,XJRVODYLD ......... 212
Note ..................................................................................................................... 214
5
Capitolul III
5HOD LLOHHFRQRPLFHURPkQR-iugoslave......................................................... 227
Schimburile comerciale româno – iugoslave îQSHULRDGDLQWHUEHOLF ......... 227
5HOD LLOHHFRQRPLFHURPkQR-iugoslave. Chestiuni divergente.................... 251
5HOD LLOHHFRQRPLFHURPkQR-iugoslavevQFDGUXO0LFLLÍQ HOHJHULüL
ÍQ HOHJHULL%DOFDQLFH........................................................................................... 258
Note .................................................................................................................... 275
Concluzii ............................................................................................................ 281
Rezumat .............................................................................................................. 297
/LVWDELEOLRJUDILF ............................................................................................. 313
6
Introducere
INTRODUCERE
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cultural.
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VXELHFWXO XQRU OXFU UL GH PDL PDUH VDX PDL PLF DPSORDUH HODERUDWH GH
LVWRULFLGLQDPEHOH ULÍQDFHDVW GLUHF LHGHFHUFHWDUHVHvQVFULXüLOXFU ULOH
istoricului Gligor Popi. Demersurile istoricului iugoslav au vizat o serie de
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S U LDOH%DQDWXOXLSUHFXPüLFHDD%LVHULFLL2UWRGR[H5RPkQHGLQ%DQDWXO
LXJRVODY üL UHVSHFWLY D %LVHULFLL 2UWRGR[H 6kUEH GLQ %DQDWXO URPkQHVF
Aceste cKHVWLXQLFDüLVLWXD LDHFRQRPLF SROLWLF üLFXOWXUDO DURPkQLORU
GLQ %DQDWXO LXJRVODY DX FRQVWLWXLW RELHFWXO OXFU ULL DS UXW vQ OD
editura Institutului pentru cercetarea istoriei Voivodinei din Novi Sad,
OXFUDUH WUDGXV vQ OLPED URPkQ vQ DQXO 1996 (Gligor Popi, Românii din
Banatul igoslav 7LPLüRDUD (G GH 9HVW ÍQ D DS UXW OXFUDUHD
“Jugoslovensko – rumunski odnosi, 1918-1941, R VFULHUH GH UHIHULQ SHQWUX
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autor a pXEOLFDW üL XQ VWXGLX PRQRJUDILF SULYLQG DFWLYLWDWHD 3DUWLGXOXL
5RPkQGLQ5HJDWXOVkUELORUFURD LORUüLVORYHQLORUvQSHULRDGD-1929.
$VSHFWH UHIHULWRDUH OD UHOD LLOH GLSORPDWLFH URPkQR–iugoslave din
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Milan Vanku în lucrarea sa 0LFDÍQ HOHJHUHüLSROLWLFDH[WHUQ D,XJRVODYLHL. În
FDGUXO DFHVWHLD DXWRUXO DERUGHD] VXFFLQW üL XQHOH FKHVWLXQL SULYLQG
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prezinWH FRODERUDUHD LQWHUSDUODPHQWDU URPkQR-LXJRVODY vQWU-un studiu
DS UXWvQSDJLQLOHUHYLVWHLLumina.
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lingvistic) l-au preocupat pe profesorul Radu Flora, care prin lucrarea sa
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7
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de cercetare.
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PLOLWDUH GLQWUH FHOH GRX VWDWH vQ VWXGLXO V X $OLDQ H PLOLWDUH DOH 5RPkQLHL
1921-1939VWXGLXDS UXWvQYROXPXOProbleme deSROLWLF H[WHUQ DOH5RPkQLHL
(1918-1940).
5HOD LLOH GLSORPDWLFH URPkQR-iugoslave din perioada 1919 – 1941 au
constituit subiectul unei recente sinteze elaborate de Eugene Boia.
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iugoVODY vQ FDUH VWXGLXO OXL 'DQ /D] U DUH FD VXELHFW $F LXQL GLSORPDWLFH
comune româno – iugoslave în perioada 1919 – 1929.
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schimburilor culturale româno-iugoslave în diverse domenii: istoriografic,
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românesc, ele au implicat GRDU UDSRUWXULOH GLQWUH URPkQL üL VkUEL I U
implicarea celorlalte componente etnice. Astfel, pe teritoriul iugoslav ele
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URPkQ üL R PLQRULWDWH VkUE SH WHULWRULXO URPkQHVF $X IRVW XUP ULWH
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acestor chestiuni pendinte, fiind cercetate în acest sens unele fonduri aflate
vQ $UKLYHOH 0LQLVWHUXOXL GH ([WHUQH DO 5RPkQLHL QHXWLOL]DWH GH F WUH
istoricul iugoslav GO3RSL7RWRGDW DPVFRVvQHYLGHQ VLWXD LDFXOWXUDO
8
Introducere
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ODVIkUüLWXOSULPXOXLU ]ERLPRQGLDO
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URPkQLLDIOD LvQ%DQDWXOLXJRVODYSUHFXPüLFHOHGLQWUH,XJRVODYLDüLVkUELL
de pe teritoriul româniei.
Capitolul trei a fost consacrat leg WXULLHFRQRPLFHURPkQR-iugoslave,
VFR kQG vQ HYLGHQ üL XQHOH SUREOHPH HFRQRPLFH GLYHUJHQWH GDWRUDWH vQ
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Alexandru Vaida Voevod).
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state la acea vreme, am investigat presa epocii.
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SHQWUX LQGUXP ULOH SH FDUH QL OH-D GDW vQ UHDOL]DUHD OXFU ULL SUHFXP üL
SHQWUXLQIRUPD LLOHüWLLQWLILFHRIHUite cu generozitate.
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Mudura.
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FROHF LH LVWRULRJUDILF Bibliotheca Historica Et Archaeologica Banatica,
FRRUGRQDW GH F WUH UHSXWDWXO DUKHRORJ )ORULQ 'UDüRYHDQ F UXLD vL
PXO XPLP üL SH DFHDVW FDOH $FHDVW FDUWH QX DU IL SXWXW YHGHD OXPLQD
9
WLSDUXOXLI U DMXWRUXOILQDQFLDUSHFDUHQLO-a acordat prestigioasa insWLWX LH

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H[SULP P vQ DFHVW VHQV vQWUHDJD JUDWLWXGLQH GLUHFWRUXOXL LQVWLWX LHL
domnului Dan Leopold Ciobotaru.
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sprijinit necondL LRQDWSHWRWSDUFXUVXOHODERU ULLDFHVWHLOXFU UL
'RUHVF V PXO XPHVF vQF RGDW FROHJLORU PHL 'DQLHOD 6]HQWPLNORVL
9DOHQWLQ &HGLF , Alexandru Szentmiklosi üL 0DOLPDU .RY 6DüD pentru
DMXWRUXODFRUGDWvQUHGDFWDUHDDFHVWHLF U L
$XWRUXO
10
5HOD LLOHGLSORPDWLFHURPkQR– iugoslave între anii 1918 - 1940
CAPITOLUL I
5(/$ ,,/(',3/20$7,&(
ROMÂNO – IUGOSLAVE ÎNTRE ANII 1918 - 1940
&RODERUDUHDGLSORPDWLF URPkQR-iugoslav GLQHSRFDPRGHUQ FDUH

D DWLQV XQ PRPHQW GH YkUI vQ WLPSXO U ]ERDLHORU EDOFDQLFH1 a intrat într-o
HWDS QRX vQPRPHQWXOGHFODQü ULLSULPXOXLU ]ERLPRQGLDO
5RPkQLD üL-D SURFODPDW QHXWUDOLWDWHD GDU vQ SULPLL GRL DQL GH U ]ERL
DWkW 3XWHULOH &HQWUDOH FkW üL FHOH DOH $QWDQWHL DX HIHFWXDW SUHVLXQL DVXSUD
%XFXUHüWLXOXLSHQWUXDLQWUDvQFRQIOLFWGHRSDUWHVDXGHDOWD)DFWRULLSROLWLci
JXYHUQDPHQWDOL URPkQL XUP ULQG UHDOL]DUHD XQLULL WXWXURU WHULWRULLORU
URPkQHüWLDIODWHvQDFHOPRPHQWvQFRPSRQHQ D$XVWUR-8QJDULHLSUHFXPüLD
5XVLHL DULVWH üL-DX vQGUHSWDW DWHQ LD vQ SULPXO UkQG DVXSUD QHJRFLHULORU FX
Antanta2. Printre teritoriile DIODWH vQ GLVFX LH VH DIOD %DQDWXO FDUH HUD
UHYHQGLFDW üL GH F WUH 6HUELD $VWIHO OD PDL vQWU-R GLVFX LH SH FDUH D
avut-o cu omul politic român Alexandru Marghiloman, ambasadorul Serbiei
OD %XFXUHüWL 0DULQNRYLþ D DU WDW F %HOJUDGXO GRUHD FD OD terminarea
U ]ERLXOXL %DQDWXO V LQWUH vQ FRPSRQHQ D VWDWXOXL iugoslav. Diplomatul
iugoslav üL-D H[SULPDW VSHUDQ D F 5XVLD QX YD VDFULILFD FRPSOHW 6HUELD
DGXFkQG vQ VXV LQHUHD WH]HL VDOH IDSWXO F 9kUüH XO HUD R ORFDOLWDWH
iugoslavHDVF LDU 7LPLüRDUD D IRVW UHFXQRVFXW vQ SULQ UHVFULSWXO
imperial ca fiind ducat iugoslavesc3.
Rusia a reprezentat interesele Serbiei la negocierile purtate între 1914-
GH F WUH UHSUH]HQWDQ LL $QWDQWHL FX JXYHUQXO %U WLDQX SULYLQG
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militare, ea opunându-VHREXQ SDUWHGHWLPSFHUHULLURPkQHüWLOHJDWHGH
Banat4GDUVLWXD LDPLOLWDU QHIDYRUDELO $QWDQWHLDGHWHUPLQDW-RV ILHGH
DFRUGFXWRDWHUHYHQGLF ULOH%XFXUHüWLXOXL$IRVWvQFKHLDWDVWIel tratatul de
DOLDQ GLQ DXJXVW GLQWUH 5RPkQLD üL SXWHULOH $QWDQWHL FDUH
VWDELOHD F FHOH SDWUX SXWHUL recunosc României dreptul de a anexa teritoriile
monarhiei Austro-Ungare5.
11
,VWRULFXOUHOD LLORUURPkQR-LXJRVODYHvQSHULRDGDLQWHUEHOLF
3UREOHPD%DQDWXOXLvQFRQWH[WXOUHOD LLORUGLSORPDWLFHGLQWUH5RPkQLDüL
Regatul iugoslavo-croato-sloven
/DVIkUüLWXOSULPXOXLU ]ERLPRQGLDOFKHVWLXQHD%DQDWXOXLDGHYHQLW
IRDUWH FRPSOH[ GLQ PRPHQWXO vQFDUH vQDLQWkQG FD DYDQJDUG D WUXSHORU
IUDQFH]HFRQGXVHGHF WUHJHQHUDOXO)UDQFKHWG·(VSHUH\DUPDWDiugoslav a
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HYHQLPHQW &RULRODQ % UDQ XQXO GLQWUH OLGHULL PLüF ULL QD LRQDOH GLQ
SURYLQFLH DU WD F WUXSHOH iugoslave GXS SU EXüLUHD IURQWului balcanic,
nemaiavând nici XQ REVWDFRO vQ ID DX WUHFXW 'XQ UHD V FXFHUHDVF
Banatul, SUHWH[WkQG F DX LQWUDW vQ SURYLQFLH V QH HOLEHUH]H GXS FH QH
eliberasem singuri3RSXOD LDURPkQHDVF DSULPLWFXEUD HOHGHVFKLVHDUPDWD
iugoslavHDVF FRQVLGHUkQG F iugoslavLL YHQHDX FD IUD L üL DOLD L üL VH YRU
FRPSRUWDvQFRQVHFLQ GDUFRPSRUWDPHQWXOORUDO VDWGHGRULWGLQSULPD
FOLS DUPDWD iugoslav GL]ROYkQG üL GH]DUPkQG J U]LOH QD LRQDOH
URPkQHüWL LDU IUXQWDüLL URPkQL FDUH VH RSXQHDX SODQXULORU iugoslave
referitoare la Banat DXWUHEXLWV LDFXQRüWLQ FX LQXWXULOHPDFHGRQHQHXQGHDX
IRVW GXüL FX GRPLFLOLXO IRU DW & % UDQ PDL HYLGHQ LD F iugoslavii nu aveau
WUXSH VXILFLHQWH üL QLFL HOHPHQWH SUHJ WLWH SHQWUX D SUHOXD în mod metodic
controlul asupra provincieiP UJLQLQGX-VHV LQVWLWXLHJDUQL]RDQHvQRUDüHGH
XQGH I FHDX LQFXUVLXQL vQ GLIHULWH GLUHF LL DüD F VW SkQHDX PDL PXOW
simbolic Banatul decât efectiv6.
$UPDWD GH RFXSD LHiugoslav D vPSLHGLFDW GHOHJD LL URPkQL DOHüL V
UHSUH]LQWH GLYHUVH ORFDOLW LL OD PDUHD DGXQDUH GLQ GHFHPEULH GH OD
$OED,XOLD$VWIHOGHDFWHDXDYXWORFvQORFDOLW LOH&KHFHD&LDFRYD)RHQL
+RGRQLLDUOD&RPORüX0DUHRFXSDQ LLiugoslavi i-au acuzat de spionaj în
VOXMED5RPkQLHLSHGHOHJD LLFDUHDXSDUWLFLSDWODDGXQDUHDGHOD$OED,XOLD
üL L-DX WULPLV vQ ID D XQHL FXU L PDU LDOH FDUH vüL GHVI üXUD DFWLYLWDWHD OD
%HFLFKHUHFX 0DUH $X IRVW DUHVWD L LQWHOHFWXDOLL VDWHORU SUHFXP üL
HOHPHQWHOH IUXQWDüH URPkQHüWL GLQ ORFDOLW LOH )RHQL vQY WRUXO üL SUHRWXO
DX IRVW GHSRUWD L vQ 6HUELD %DQORF %LUGD SUHRWXO LQWHUQat în Serbia),
6HFHDQL vQY WRUXO D IRVW DUHVWDW üL LQWHUQDW OD 7LPLüRDUD 6HFXVLJLX
SUHRWXODIRVWDUHVWDWWLPSGHOXQL&HE]DSUHRWXODIRVWUH LQXWSHQWUX
F QX-l pomenise în timpul slujbei pe regele Petru al Serbiei, ci pe regele
Ferdinand) etF ÍQ ORFDOLWDWHD &KL] W X LQVWUXF LD üFRODU V-D GHVI üXUDW vQ
WLPSXORFXSD LHLFRQIRUPLQVWUXF LXQLORUWULPLVHGH0LQLVWHUXOLQVWUXF LXQLL
de la Belgrad. La toate acestea s-DX DG XJDW UHFKL]L LLOH QXPHURDVH
12
realizate în special în momentul retragerii armatei iugoslave din Banat.

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)LVFXW* WDLD*KLODG0DFHGRQLD8.
Într-R QRW WUDQVPLV GH SUHIHFWXO MXGH XOXL 7LPLü – Torontal
SUHüHGLQWHOXL &RQVLOLXOXL GLULJHQW ,XOLX 0DQLX VH DU WD F VLWXD LD HUD
IRDUWH JUDY vQ XUPD UHFKL]L LLORU IRU DWH FDUH DX IRVW HIHFWXDWH GH F WUH
armata iugoslav GH RFXSD LH9 3ULQWUH LQVWLWX LLOH DIHFWDWH V-D DIODW üL
Biblioteca juGH HDQ 10SUHFXPüL3UHIHFWXUD11. Într-un document elaborat de
FRPLVDUXOVWDELOLPHQWHORUX]LQHORUGLQ7LPLü–7RURQWDOVHVXEOLQLDF OD
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UkQGGDWRULW GHPRQW ULORUHIHFWXDWHGHF WUHDrmata iugoslav 12.
Comportamentul trupelor iugoslave vQ %DQDW D DWUDV QHPXO XPLUHD
ORFXLWRULORU SURYLQFLHL /D LXQLH GH OXFU WRUL DL )DEULFLL GH
vQF O PLQWH´7XUXOµDXSURWHVWDWvQID DFRPDQGDPHQWXOXLPLOLWDUiugoslav
FRQWUD ULGLF ULL XWLODMHORU IDEULFLL LDU OD LXOLH DX LQWUDW vQ JUHY GH
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üL D WULPLWHULL vQ 6HUELD D ORFRPRWLYHORU üL D PDWHULDOXOXL UXODQW13. Tot în
VFRSXO vPSLHGLF ULL WUDQVIHUXOXL GH XWLODMH Lndustriale, animale, etc. a fost
EDUDWFXUVXOUkXOXL%HJDvQ]RQD7RSRORY IDSWFHO-a determinat pe liderul
iugoslav 1LNROD 3DåLþ V SURWHVWH]H SH OkQJ &RQVLOLXO VXSUHP DO
&RQIHULQ HLGHSDFH14.
6LWXD LD%DQDWXOXLV-DDIODWüLvQDWHQ LDDXWRULW LORUPLOLWDUHüLSROLWLFH
GHOD%XFXUHüWL*HQHUDOXO3UH]DQL-a solicitat generalului francez D’Espérey
V LQWHUYLQ FD OLQLLOH IHUDWH /XJRM – * WDLD – 5HüL D üL -LGRYLQ – Covin –
$QLQD V ILH WUHFXWH vQ ]RQD GH RFXSD LH IUDQFH] GHRDUHFH iugoslavii
împiedicau tUHFHUHD WUHQXULORU vQF UFDWH FX F UEXQL GH OD $QLQD VSUH
5HüL D15LDUSULPXOPLQLVWUXURPkQ,,&%U WLDQXDVROLFLWDWODLDQXDULH
&RQIHULQ HL S FLL GH OD 3DULV HYDFXDUHD WUXSHORU iugoslave din Banat.
/D PDUWLH FkQG D DGUHVDW FRQIHULQ HL XQ PHPRULX vQ FDUH DU WD
DEX]XULOH V YkUüLWH GH iugoslavL vQ %DQDW RPXO SROLWLF URPkQ HYLGHQ LD
IDSWXO F RFXSD LD iugoslav GLQ %DQDW WLQGH V LD XQ FDUDFWHU GH RVWLOLWDWH vQ
FRQWUD HOHPHQWXOXL URPkQ GHSRUWD LXQL vQ PDV D SRSXOD LXQHL URPkQHüWL vQ
SerbiDüLU XWUDWDPHQWvQvQFKLVRULDEX]XODGPLQLVWUD LHLüLDODUPDWHLiugoslave,
UHFKL]L LXQLIRU DWHWUDQVSRUWXOGHSR]LWHORUüLPDWHULDOXOXLGHWRWIHOXOGLQ%DQDWvQ
Serbia, etcÍQFRQWLQXDUH%U WLDQXDU WDF QHPXO XPLUHDSRSXOD LXQHLURPkQH
VHVLPWHüLDPHQLQ V WXOEXUHUDSRDUWHOHGHSULHWHQLHVHFXODU vQWUHSRSXOD LXQHD
13
URPkQ üLFHDiugoslav 6HFHUHDRDQFKHW DOLDW FDUHV FRQVWDWHWRDWHDFHVWH

DEX]XUL LDU SHQWUX QRUPDOL]DUHD VLWXD LH vQ SURYLQFLH VH LPSXQHD
HYDFXDUHD DFHVWHLD GH F WUH PLOLWDUii iugoslavL UHYHQLUHDFHORU GHSRUWD L vQ
6HUELD LDU PDWHULLOH SULPH PDüLQLOH XWLODMHOH LQGXVWULDOH DOWH RELHFWH
UHFKL]L LRQDWH GH F WUH iugoslavL V ILH vQDSRLDWH SURSULHWDULORU ORU16. Acest
SURWHVW D IRVW UHvQQRLW OD PDUWLH GDU &RQIHULQ D QX s-a ocupat de
DFHDVW FKHVWLXQH/DLXOLH,,&%U WLDQXDPLQWHDGLQQRXGHVSUH
GHYDVWDUHD%DQDWXOXLGHF WUHRFXSDQ LLiugoslavi cu toate protestele timide
ale armatei franceze17.
/D UkQGXO V X $OH[DQGUX 9DLGD 9RHYRG D DERUGDW SUREOHPD
RFXSD LHL %DQDWXOXL GH F WUH WUXSHOH iugoslave, în cursul unei întrevederi
care a avut-R FX üHIXO GLSORPD LHL IUDQFH]H 6W 3LFKRQ $FHVWD D IRVW
LQIRUPDW GH FRQVHFLQ HOH QHJDWLYH HFRQRPLFH üL VRFLDOH DOH RFXSD LHL
DVXSUDRUDüXOXL5HüL D'LSORPDWXOIUDQFH]DIRst de acord cu solicitarea lui
Vaida Voevod privind retragerea trupelor iugoslaveGLQ%DQDWSURPL kQG
F YD LQWHUYHQL vQ DFHVW VHQV18. Al. Vaida Voevod a protestat contra
abuzurilor militarilor iugoslavL vQ %DQDW üL vQ FDGUXO vQWkOQLULL SH FDUH D
avut-o cu delegatul iugoslavOD&RQIHULQ DS FLL7UXPSL Lþ19ÍQID DDFHVWRU
DFX]D LLDXWRULW LOHPLOLWDUHGHOD%HOJUDGDXDU WDWODIHEUXDULHF
trupele iugoslave nu au comis nici un abuz în Banatul oriental. În general,
URPkQLLGLQDFHDVW ]RQ – se DU WDvQFRQWLQXDUHDGRFXPHQWXOXL– puneau
vQ FLUFXOD LH LGHL DQDUKLVWH üL VRFLDOLVWH ILLQG SURYRFDWRULL WXWXURU
WXOEXU ULORUFDUHDXDYXWORFVHG GHDGUHSWH[HPSOXDVDVLQDUHDXQXLRIL HU
iugoslav SHQWUX FDUH DX IRVW DUHVWD L GH UDQL URPkQL +RW rârea ca
QXPHOHUHJHQWXOXL$OH[DQGUX,V ILHSRPHQLWvQELVHULFLOHRUWRGR[HURPkQH
GLQ %DQDW D IRVW OXDW GH F WUH DXWRULW LOH iugoslave GH OD %DFLFD üL
Baranyia20.
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de demersuri pe OkQJ DOLD L vQ YHGHUHD UHWUDJHULL WUXSHORU iugoslave din
%DQDW $VWIHO 2FWDYLDQ &ULüPDULX D SULPLW GLQ SDUWHD SUHüHGLQWHOXL
Consiliului dirigent, Iuliu Maniu, mandatul de a solicita generalului francez
G·(VSHUH\ VSULMLQXO vQ YHGHUHD UHDOL] ULL DFHVWXL Geziderat21. Cu o misiune
LGHQWLF D IRVW GHOHJDW GH F WUH DFHODüL OLGHU SROLWLF üL FRORQHOXO 5DGX 5
Rosetti22 &HUHUHD URPkQHDVF D IRVW OXDW vQ GLVFX LH GH F WUH DXWRULW LOH
PLOLWDUH IUDQFH]H $IODW OD %XFXUHüWL JHQHUDOXO ) G·(VSpUH\ D SURSXV
DXWRULW LORU URPkQHüWL UHWUDJHUHD WUXSHORU iugoslave GLQ %DQDW üL vQORFXLUHD
ORUFXFHOHIUDQFH]H*XYHUQXOURPkQDDFHSWDWDFHDVW VROX LHFRQVLGHUkQG-o
14
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ID DVROLFLW ULLS U LLiugoslaveGHDPkQDUHDUHWUDJHULLSkQ ODPRPHQWXOvQ
FDUHOD3DULVVHKRW UDVRDUWD%DQDWXOXL24, comandantul armatei franceze din
2ULHQW JHQHUDOXO +HQU\V VXEOLQLD F vQORFXLUHD WUXSHORU iugoslave cu cele
IUDQFH]HQXDUILDIHFWDWFXQLPLFSUHWHQ LLOH%HOJUDGXOXLSULYLWRDUHODDFHDVW
SURYLQFLH$FHVWDDPDLDU WDWF vQORFXLUHDWUXSHORUVHYDGHVI üXUDvQWU-un
ULWPOHQWKRW UkUHDILLQGOXDW GLQGRULQ D)UDQ HLGHDILHYLWDWHLQFLGHQWHOH
GLQWUHSDUWHDURPkQ üLFHDiugoslav ÍQRSLQLDJHQHUDOXOXLIUDQFH])UDQ D
XUPD V VSULMLQH üL SH YLLWRU FDX]D 6HUELHL 3DULVXO FXQRVFkQG üL DSUHFLLQG
sacrificiile armatei iugoslavevQWLPSXOSULPXOXLU ]ERLPRQGLDO25.
)LLQG VSULMLQLW GH )UDQ D 5RPkQLD D RE LQXW GLQ SDUWHD &RQVLOLXOXL
FRQIHULQ HL GH SDFH HYDFXDUHD %DQDWXOXL GH DXWRULW LOH PLOLWDUH üL
administrative iugoslave ÍQ DFHVW VHQV D IRVW FRQVWLWXLW R FRPLVLH IUDQFR-
româno-iugoslav VXESUHüHGLQ LDJHQHUDOXOXL7RXUQDGUHFDUHüL-a început
OXFU ULOH OD LXOLH VWDELOLQG FDOHQGDUXO UHWUDJHULL XQLW LORU PLOLWDre
din regiune26ÍQGUXPXOV XVSUHFDSLWDOD)UDQ HLXQGHXUPDV SDUWLFLSH
OD &RQIHULQ D S FLL ,RQ ,& %U WLDQX V-a oprit la Belgrad, unde a avut o
vQWUHYHGHUH FX UHJHQWXO $OH[DQGUX , SULYLWRDUH OD VLWXD LD %DQDWXOXL ÍQ
timpul întrevederii cu acesta,SULPXOPLQLVWUXURPkQDVXEOLQLDWF 'XQ UHD
HVWH VLQJXUD JUDQL FDSDELO V HYLWH vQ YLLWRU SURFHVH vQWUH QRL üL iugoslavL DüD
FXP HOH H[LVW vQ'REURJHD FX EXOJDULL$OH[DQGUX , D DU WDW F %HOJUDGXOQX
putea fi atât de aproape de frontiera dintre celH GRX VWDWH LDU SRSXOD LD
iugoslav GLQ %DQDW DYXVHVH R FRQWULEX LH PDMRU OD GH]YROWDUHD QD LRQDO D
Serbiei QHSXWkQG IL DEDQGRQDW vQ DFHO PRPHQW ,QYRFkQG üL SULQFLSLXO
QD LRQDOLW LORU üHIXO VWDWXOXL LXJRVODY DU WD F MXP WDWH GLQ %DQDW DU IL
trebuiW V UHYLQ %HOJUDGXOXL 7RWRGDW HO D DFFHSWDW LGHHD XQXL SOHELVFLW
FDUH V KRW UDVF VRDUWD SURYLQFLHL27. Regentul iugoslav VSHUD F VH YD
DMXQJHODRvQ HOHJHUHvQSULYLQ D%DQDWXOXLGDWRULW LQWHUHVHORUVXSHULRDUH
DOHFHORUGRX VWDWHGHDH[LVWDUHOD LLSULHWHQHüWLvQWUHHOHÍQWLPSXOüHGHULL
VDOHOD%HOJUDGSUHPLHUXOURPkQDDIODWGHH[LVWHQ DXQHLvQ HOHJHULvQWUH1
3DåLþüL7DNH,RQHVFXSULQFDUHSDUWHDRFFLGHQWDO D%DQDWXOXLXUPDV ILH
FHGDW 5HJDWXOXL iugoslavo-croato-sloven28. Vizita premierului român la
%HOJUDGDSURYRFDWSRWULYLWUHSUH]HQWDQWXOXL)UDQ HLvQFDSLWDOD,XJRVODYLHL
GHFHS LH vQ UkQGXULOH RILFLDOLW LORU GLQ DFHDVW DU GDWRULW DWLWXGLQLL
intransigente a omului politic român29 'LSORPDWXO IUDQFH] PDL DU WD F
iugoslavii erau FRQüWLHQ L GH VDFULILFLLOH I FXWH vQ U ]ERL FHUkQG V ILH
MXGHFD LvQIXQF LHGHDFHVWHD30.
15
6ROX LRQDUHD SUREOHPHL %DQDWXOXL V-D DIODW üL vQ DWHQ LD GLSORPD LHL
IUDQFH]HÍQYL]LXQHD3DULVXOXLDFHDVW GLVSXW SXWHDSURYRFDRVLWXD LHGH
FUL] vQ %DOFDQL Reprezentantul diplomatic francez la Belgrad avea
FUHGLQ DF QXWR LURPkQLLHUDXDWkWGHLQWUDQVLJHQ LvQSULYLQ D%DQDWXOXL
GkQG FD H[HPSOX vQ DFHVW VHQV SH 7DNH ,RQHVFX DGHSWXO XQHL vQ HOHJHUL
româno – iugoslave bazate pe compromis31 )UDQ D VXEOLQLD F SUREOHPD
%DQDWXOXL WUHEXLD UHJODW vQ FRQIRUPLWDWH FX SULQFLSLLOH JHQHUDOH GH OLEHU
dispunere a popoarelor32, propunând arbitrajul aliat asupra provinciei.
3RWULYLW FHUFXULORU GLSORPDWLFH IUDQFH]H LQWHUHVHOH URPkQHüWL vQ SULYLQ D
Banatului nu trebuiauüWLUELWHGHRDUHFHvQYLLWRU%XFXUHüWLXOXUPDV ILHFHO
mai sigur aliat al Parisului în Orient33.
ÍQGHVFKLGHUHD&RQIHULQ HLGHSDFHGHOD3DULVGHOHJD LDLXJRVODY D
GHFODUDWF UHYHQGLF ULOHVDOHHUDXvQFRQIRUPLWDWHFXSROLWLFDSHFDUH6HUELD
o promovDVH SkQ vQ DFHO PRPHQW SUHFXP üL FX SURJUDPXO &RQVLOLXOXL
QD LRQDO GH OD =DJUHE %HOJUDGXO VH UDOLD üL SULQFLSLLORU HQXQ DWH GH F WUH
SUHüHGLQWHOH DPHULFDQ :RRGURZ :LOVRQ PDL DOHV DFHORUD SULYLQG GUHSWXO
popoarelor de a dispune de ele însele34. ÍQ VXV LQHUHD UHYHQGLF ULORU VDOH
SDUWHD LXJRVODY D DU WDW F 5RPkQLD QX D IRVW FRQVHFYHQW vQ OXSWD
împotrLYD 3XWHULORU &HQWUDOH SUHFXP üL IDSWXO F trupele iugoslave au
LQWUDWPDLUHSHGHvQVXGXO8QJDULHLGHFkWFHOHURPkQHüti35.
3DUWHD URPkQ üL-D VXV LQXW LQWHresele, bazându-se în special pe
SUHYHGHULOH WUDWDWXOXL GH DOLDQ GLQ DXJXVW vQFKHLDW vQWUH JXYHUQXO
URPkQüLUHSUH]HQWDQ LLSXWHULORU$QWDQWHL36.
Partea iugoslav D GHVI üXUDW R LQWHQV SURSDJDQG vQ SULYLQ D
%DQDWXOXL DVSHFW QHJOLMDW R EXQ EXFDW GH WLPS GH GHOHJD LD URPkQ 37.
$UJXPHQWD LD iugoslav HUD H[SXV GH F WUH SURIHVRUXO -RYDQ 5DGRQLþ vQ
lucrarea sa %DQDWXO üL SUREOHPD IURQWLHUHL iugoslavo-române FDUH D DS UXW vQ
1919 la Paris38.
8QD GLQWUH OXFU ULOH URPkQHüWL FHOH PDL LPSRUWDQWH FDUH DS UD üL
DUJXPHQWD LQWHJULWDWHD %DQDWXOXL DSDU LQHD OXL 6HYHU %RFX $XWRUXO
VXEOLQLD F %DQDWXO ILLQG vQFRQMXUDW GLQ WUHL S U L GH UkXUL üL vQ D SDWUD GH
PXQ LFRQVWLWXLDXQFRUSJHRJUDILFDSURDSHFRPSOHWL]RODW'H]PHPEUDUHD
DFHVWXL VLVWHP JHRJUDILF üL KLGURJUDILF XQLWDU DU vQVHPQD R DGHY UDW
anomalie39 $FHDVW XQLWDWH JHRJUDILF G GHD SULQ HD vQV üL R XQLWDWH
HFRQRPLF HFKLYDOHQW 40 ÍQ DFHVWH FRQGL LL HUD QHILUHVF FD üDOXSHOH GH SH
%HJD vQF UFDWH FX FHUHDOH V ILH REOLJDWH OD XQPRPHQW GDW V -üL GHVFDUFe
PDUID üL V VXSRUWH WDULIXO YDPDO DO DOWXL VWDW VDX WUHQXULOH FH FLUFXODX SH
16
OLQLD IHUDW $UDG – 7LPLüRDUD – 9kUüH – %D]LDü V ILH RSULWH OD NP GH
9kUüH vQ SOLQ FkPS vQ ID D XQXL DOW VLVWHP YDPDO SUHFXP üL D
IRUPDOLW LORUSHQWUXSDüDSRDUWH41. DeVS U LUHD%DQDWXOXLvQGRX S U LDUIL
DYXW HIHFWH QHJDWLYH üL DVXSUD 7UDQVLOYDQLHL 6HYHU %RFX DU WD DVWIHO F
VLQJXUD FDOH IOXYLDO D vQWUHJLL 7UDQVLOYDQLL HUD 0XUHüXO SH FDUH VH
WUDQVSRUWDXWRDWHSURGXVHOHVSUH7LVDüL'XQ UH$FHDVW FDOHFRPHUFLDO nu
PDL SUH]HQWD QLFL R YDORDUH vQ FRQGL LLOH vQ FDUH DPEHOH PDOXUL DOH
0XUHüXOXLV-ar fi aflat în mâinile iugoslavilor42.
ÍQ SULYLQ D %DQDWXOXL QX D H[LVWDW R XQLWDWH GH YHGHUL vQ UkQGXULOH
RDPHQLORUSROLWLFLURPkQL$VWIHOGDF ,,&%U WLDQXDVXV LQXW ca întreaga
SURYLQFLH V UHYLQ 5RPkQLHL 7DNH ,RQHVFX XUP UHD V RE LQ SULQWU-un
DUELWUDM XQ WHULWRULX FkW PDL vQWLQV SHQWUX 5RPkQLD FDUH V FXSULQG OLQLD
7LPLüRDUD – 9kUüH – %D]LDü SUHFXP üL ]RQD OLPLWURI D 0XUHüXOXL43. În
VXV LQHUHD WH]HL VDOH 7DNH ,RQHVFX DGXFHD XUP WRDUHOH DUJXPHQWH SH
teritoriul Banatului iugoslavLL üL URPkQLL HUDX ULVLSL L QHRPRJHQ URPkQLL
ILLQG PDMRULWDUL VSUH U V ULWXO SURYLQFLHL LDU iugoslavii spre apusul ei, în
VSHFLDO VSUH FRO XO vQ FDUH 7LVD VH YDUV vQ 'XQ UH44. Diplomatul român
DU WD F QLPHQL vQ 2FFLGHQW QX GRUHD FD %DQDWXO V UHYLQ vQ vQWUHJLPH
5RPkQLHL 'LQ DFHDVW FDX] WUHEXLD UHDOL]DW R vQ HOHJHUH SULYLWRDUH OD
SURYLQFLHvQDLQWHGH&RQIHULQ DS FLLLDUvQDFHOHFRQGL LLFHOHGRX VWDWHDU
ILSXWXWDYHDRSR]L LHFRPXQ OD3DULV45.
/DLDQXDULH,RQ,&%U WLDQXDDERUGDWSUREOHPD%DQDWXOXLvQ
FDGUXO &RQIHULQ HL S FLL 3DUWHD LXJRVODY D VXEOLQLDW F GRUHüWH V RE LQ
IURQWLHUH QDWXUDOH FDUH V -L DVLJXUH VHFXULWDWHD QD LRQDO SUHFXP üL OLEHUD
dezvoltare ecRQRPLF üL FRPHUFLDO $FHVWH SUHWHQ LL HUDX FRQVLGHUDWH D IL
PRGHUDWH GDWRULW UHOD LLORU GH SULHWHQLH FDUH H[LVWDVHU Ge-a lungul
WLPSXOXLvQWUHFHOHGRX VWDWH46. /LGHUXOLXJRVODY13DVLFDYHDvQYHGHUHüL
YLLWRUXOFHORUGRX VWDWHGHFODUknGF LQWHUHVXOFRPXQüLSULHWHQLDGLQWUH
poporul iugoslav üL URPkn peQWUX YLLWRUXO DPEHORU SRSRDUH üL D DOLD LORU
QRüWUL DWkW HVWH GH PDUH vQFkW WUHEXLH J VLW VROX LD JUDQL HL E Q HQH FDUH
V PXO XPHDVF ambele popoare”47. ÍQDFHODüi timp delegatul iugoslav M.
9HVQLþ D GHFODUDW F JXYHUQXO V X QX SXWHD UHFXQRDüWH WUDWDWXO GLQ
GLQWUH 5RPkQLD üL 3XWHULOH $QWDQWHL GHRDUHFH D DYXW XQ FDUDFWHU VHFUHW
UHYHQGLFkQGYHVWXO%DQDWXOXLvPSUHXQ FXRUDüXO7LPLüRDUDÍQVXV LQHUHD
DFHVWHL FHUHUL HO DUJXPHQWD F vQWUH 1849 – %DQDWXO D DSDU LQXW
voievodatului iugoslavHVF SURYLQFLD HUD JUkQDUXO 6HUELHL üL FRQVWLWXLD R
]RQ GH DS UDUH vQ ID D %HOJUDGXOXL LDU JHQHUDOXO 3XWQLN V-D Q VFXW vQ
17
SURYLQFLH'HPQLWDUXOLXJRVODYDPDLDGXVvQGLVFX LHüLFULWHULXOHWQLFGHüL
D UHFXQRVFXW F vQ ]RQD UHYHQGLFDW PDMRULWDWHD SRSXOD LHL HUD GH
QD LRQDOLWDWHJHUPDQ ,RQ,&%U WLDQXDHYLGHQ LDWF WUDWDWXOGLQD
fost discutat cu Rusia, care reprezenta interesele iugoslave. Primul ministru
DU WD F WLPS GH GH DQL %DQDWXO D FRQVWLWXLW R XQLWDWH SROLWLF üL
JHRJUDILF LDU 5HJDWXO iugoslavo-croato-sloven nu avea nevoie de
SURGXVHOH FHUHDOLHUH GLQ %DQDW GHRDUHFH DYHD GLQFROR GH 7LVD üL vQ
Macedonia regiuni agricole bogate.
ÍQVXV LQHUHDWH]HLVDOHSULYLQGvPS U LUHD%DQDWXOXLvQWUH5RPkQLDüL
,XJRVODYLD GHOHJD LD iugoslav OD FRQIHULQ D S FLL D PDLDGXV XUP WRDUHOH
argumente:
1) %HOJUDGXO QX SXWHD UHQXQ D OD FRQD LRQDOLL GLQ %DQDW FDUH
UHSUH]HQWDXRSDUWHvQVHPQDW DSRSRUXOXLiugoslav.
2) 2 UHQXQ DUH OD %DQDW DU GD QDüWHUH OD PLüF UL LUHGHQWLVWH üL OD
FRQIOLFWHvQWUHURPkQLüLiugoslavLvQVHPQkQGWRWRGDW SU EXüLUHDHWQLF D
iugoslavLORUID GHH[SDQVLXQHDHOHPHQWXOXLURPkQHVF
3) ÍQWLQGHUHDVWDWXOXLURPkQSkQ OD'XQ UHüL7LVDDUILvQVHPQDWR
DPHQLQ DUHSHUPDQHQW DVXSUD,XJRVODYLHLF FL9DOHD0RUDYHLDUILU PDV
GHVFKLV XQRULQYD]LL
4) În cazul în care întregul Banat revenea României, capitala
VWDWXOXLYHFLQDUILWUHEXLWVFKLPEDW FHHDFHDUILFRQVWLWXLWSHQWUXSRSRUXO
iugoslavRXPLOLUHQD LRQDO 48.
ÍQSULYLQ D7LPLüRDUHL%HOJUDGXODU WDF HUDVLQJXUXORUDüUHYHQGLFDW
vQFDUHSRSXOD LDLXJRVODY QXHUDPDMRULWDU DFHHDüLILLQGvQV VLWXD LDüLvQ
SULYLQ D SRSXOD LHL URPkQHüWL PDMRULWDULL ILLQG DLFL JHUPDQLL üL PDJKLDULL
'DWRULW IDSWXOXL F RUDüXO HUD FHQWUXO HFRQRPLF üL FRPHUFLDO DO %DQDWXOXL
RFFLGHQWDOHOQXSXWHDILVHSDUDWGHDFHVWWHULWRULXüLvQFRQVHFLQ WUHEXLD
V UHYLQ 5HJDWXOXL iugoslavo-croato-sloven49. Eforturile iugoslavilor, se
DU Wa într-un document elaborat de GHOHJD LD iugoslav HUDX vQGUHSWDte
VSUHVWDELOLUHDIURQWLHUHLGHQRUGSH0XUHüÍQFD]FRQWUDUWUHEXLDRE LQXW
QHDS UDW ORFDOLWDWHD .LNLQGD 0DUH üL SDUWHD GH QRUG D %DFLF LFX 6XERWL D
'HOHJD LLLXJRVODYLVXV LQHDXF YRUvQWkPSLQDJUHXW LvQRE LQHUHDDFHVWRU
UHYHQGLF UL GHRDUHFH SDUWHD URPkQ UHXüLVH V FRQYLQJ R VHULH GH
SHUVRQDOLW L SUH]HQWH OD 3DULV F %DQDWXO HUD S PkQW URPkQHVF LDU SUHVD
IUDQFH] VXV LQHDLGHHD´vQW ULULLUDVHLODWLQHµ50.
3DUWHDURPkQ U VSXQ]kQGDFHVWRUDUJXPHQWHVXEOLQLDF QLFL5RPkQLD
nu putea, pentruDFHOHDüLPRWLYHV UHQXQ HODFRQD LRQDOLLHLFXDWkWPDLPXOW
18
FX FkW S U VLUHD ORU DU vQVHPQD GLVWUXJHUHD ORU FD QD LRQDOLWDWH GDW ILLQG
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30
ceremonie au asistat primul ministru al Regatului Sârbo-Croato-Sloven

1LNROD 3DåLþ üL PLQLVWUXO GH H[WHUQH 0RP LOR 1LQ Lþ107. La primirea de la
*DUD GH QRUG üL OD Te Deum DX SDUWLFLSDW üL PHPEUL DL FRPXQLW LL
iugoslavLORUFURD LORUüLVORYHQLORUGLQ%XFXUHüWLFRPHUFLDQ LXQDUPDWRU–
Paško Visin; Oskar Aranyi – GLUHFWRUXO IDEULFLL GH ]DK U &KLWLOD 0
Nahmias – diUHFWRUXO VRFLHW LL ´3HWURO %ORFNµ .RVWD 0DULQNRYLþ –
SUHüHGLQWHOHVRFLHW LL´%UDWVWYRµüD108.
'XS GHMXQXO GH OD 3DODWXO 5HJDO &RWURFHQL OD RUD D DYXW ORF
ORJRGQDUHOLJLRDV RILFLDW vQDFHODüLSDODW3RWULYLW0LWURSROLWXOXL3ULPDWDO
României, Miron Cristea, în timpul logodnei au fost folosite, la cererea
&DVHL 5HJDOH URPkQHüWL RELFHLXUL SRSXODUH iugoslave, cum ar fi obiceiul
IRORVLULLFRODFXOXLüLDGRLSRUXPEHL)RUPXODGHORJRGQ SHQWUX$OH[DQGUX
,DIRVWURVWLW vQVODYDYHFKHGHüLDFHVWDFXQRüWHDOLPEDURPkQ FRQIRUP
P UWXULHL 0LWURSROLWXOXL 3ULPDW /XL 0LURQ &ULVWHD L-au fost conferite de
F WUHUHJHOH$OH[DQGUX,PDUHOHFRUGRQüLVWHDXDRUGLQXOXL´.DUD RU HYLþµ
Într-RVFULVRDUHWULPLV SDWULDUKXOXLiugoslavHVFSULYLQGGHVI üXUDUHD
logodnei, Miron Cristea aprecia: conlucrarea la cununia regelui Alexandru a
DPEHORUELVHULFLYDFRQWULEXLODvQW ULUHDOHJ WXULORUELVHULFHüWLvQWUHDPEHOHELVHULFL
SUDYRVODYQLFHüLSRSRDUH109.
La 21 februarie 1922, Alexandru I a primit la Palatul din Calea
VictorLHL FRUSXO GLSORPDWLF DFUHGLWDW OD %XFXUHüWL GXS FDUH D DVLVWDW OD R
SDUDG PLOLWDU vQ 3LD D 3DODWXOXL &X DFHDVW RFD]LH HO D FRQIHULW
5HJLPHQWXOXL 9kQ WRUL FDUH-L SXUWD QXPHOH RUGLQXO ´.DUD RU HYLþµ110.
Seara a avut loc la Palatul Regal un dineu de JDO üL XQ FRQFHUW FDUH D
LQFOXV XYHUWXUD ´/HRQRUDµ D OXL %HHWKRYHQ &RQFHUWXO SHQWUX SLDQ üL
RUFKHVWU vQODPLQRUDOOXL*ULHJüL*HRUJH(QHVFX´3RHPDURPkQ µ111.
ÍQXUP WRDUHOH]LOHvQDOWXORDVSHWHDIRVWSUH]HQWOD2SHUD5RPkQ D
vizitat Muzeul militaU GLQ 3DODWXO $UWHORU üL D DYXW R vQWUHYHGHUH FX
0LWURSROLWXO 3ULPDW DO 5RPkQLHL 0LURQ &ULVWHD ÍQ IHEUXDULH GXS
YL]LWDUHD5HJLPHQWXOXL9kQ WRUL$OH[DQGUX,DS U VLW5RPkQLD112.
În opinia reprezentantului României la Belgrad, guvernul român
trebuiD V SURILWH GH QXQWD SULQFLDU SHQWUX D QRUPDOL]D UHOD LLOH
GLSORPDWLFH FX DUD YHFLQ (UDX YL]DWH SUREOHPHOH SULYLQG ELVHULFD
vQY PkQWXOPLQRULWDUGHOLPLWDUHDIURQWLHUHORUüD113.
/D UkQGXO V X UHJHOH $OH[DQGUX , vQWU-o convorbire cu premierul
romkQ ,,& %U WLDQX DYXW FX RFD]LD ORJRGQHL vL vPS UW üLVH DFHVWXLD
GRULQ DVDGHQRUPDOL]DUHDUHOD LLORUGLQWUHFHOHGRX VWDWHYHFLQH114.
31
$QXO D IRVW üL DQXO vQ FDUH UHSUH]HQWDQ LL 5RPkQLHL ,XJRVODYLHL
&HKRVORYDFLHL üL 3RORQLHL DX DGRSWDW SR]L LL FRPXQH vQ SULYLQ D SULQFLSDOHORU
SUREOHPH LQWHUQD LRQDOH $VWIHO vQ IHEUXDULH D DYXW ORF OD %XFXUHüWL
vQWkOQLUHDGLQWUH,,&%U WLDQX,*'XFDGLQSDUWHD5RPkQLHL13DåLþüL0
1LQ Lþ GLQ SDUWHD 5HJDWXOXL iugoslavo-croato-VORYHQ 9HYHUND üL Skrzynicki
GLQ SDUWHD &HKRVORYDFLHL vQ YHGHUHD VWDELOLULL XQHL SR]L LL FRPXQH SH FDUH
FHOHWUHL ULXUPDXV RDGRSWHFXSULOHMXOFRQIHULQ HLGHOD*HQRYD6-DKRW UkW
vQDFHVWVFRSFRQYRFDUHDOD%HOJUDGDXQHLvQWkOQLULDH[SHU LORU0LFLLÍQ HOHJHUL
ODFDUHV SDUWLFLSHüLUHSUH]HQWDQ LDL3RORQLHL
ÍQWUH üL PDUWLH D DYXW ORF vQ FDSLWDOD 5HJDWXOXL iugoslavo-
croato-VORYHQvQWkOQLUHDH[SHU LORUGLQFHOHSDWUX ULFDUHDXKRW UkWFDOD
*HQRYD V ILH DERUGDW SUREOHPD QRUPDOL] ULL UHOD LLORU Hconomice între
VWDWHOHSDUWLFLSDQWHODFRQIHULQ SUHFXPüLDGRSWDUHDXQRUP VXULYL]kQG
UHvQQRLUHDFRODERU ULLHFRQRPLFHüLSROLWLFHLQWHUQD LRQDOH
ÍQ FDGUXO OXFU ULORU &RQIHULQ HL GH OD *HQRYD GHVI üXUDW vQWUH
DSULOLHüLPDLüLFDUH-üLSURSXVHVHV GH]EDW üLV J VHDVF VROX LL
SHQWUX UHFRQVWUXF LD HFRQRPLF D VWDWHORU HXURSHQH ULOH VHPQDWDUH DOH
0LFLL ÍQ HOHJHUL üL 3RORQLD FRQVLGHUDWH FD XQ VLQJXU EORF DX SDUWLFLSDW OD
OXFU ULOHWXWXURUFRPLVLLORUüLDXDYXWXQUHSUH]HQWDQWvQ&RQVLOiul suprem
DO&RQIHULQ HL115.
ÍQSHULRDGDOXFU ULORUFRQIHULQ HLvQWUH5XVLDVRYLHWLF üL*HUPDQLDD
fost încheiat tratatul de la Rapallo116 ID GH FDUH 5RPkQLD üL 5HJDWXO
iugoslavo-croato-VORYHQ SULQ YRFLOH OXL 0 1LQ Lþ üL & 'LDPDQG\ DO WXUL
de ceilal L SDUWLFLSDQ L OD OXFU UL DX SURWHVWDW SURWHVW PDWHULDOL]DW vQWU-un
PHPRUDQGXPWULPLVFDQFHODUXOXL:LUWKvQFDUHVHDU WDF vQFKHLHUHDXQXL
acord cu Kremlinul reprezenta o violare a angajamentului pe care
*HUPDQLD VH REOLJDVH V -l respecte atunci când KRW UkVH SDUWLFLSDUHD OD
&RQIHULQ üL FRQVWLWXLD vQ IDSW R YLRODUH D SULQFLSLLORU FH VW WHDX OD ED]D
GHVI üXU ULL &RQIHULQ HL117 'DWRULW vQVSHFLDOQHvQ HOHJHULORU GLQWUH )UDQ D
üL$QJOLDFRQIHULQ DGHOD*HQRYDDHüXDW118.
/D VIkUüLWXO DQXOXL V-a desI üXUDW &RQIHULQ D GH OD /DXVDQQH
SHQWUXvQFKHLHUHDWUDWDWXOXLGHSDFHvQWUH7XUFLDüL3XWHULOHDOLDWHüLDVRFLDWH
ÍQF GH OD vQFHSXWXO FRQIHULQ HL FRQGXF WRULL GHOHJD LLORU 5RPkQLHL üL
Regatului iugoslavo-croato-VORYHQ ,* 'XFD üL 0 1LQ Lþ DX DGRSWDW
DFHHDüL SR]L LH ID GH SUREOHPHOH FH XUPDX V ILH GLVFXWDWH ÍQ FRQFHS LD
üHIXOXLGLSORPD LHLGHOD%HOJUDGDFFHVXO%XOJDULHLOD0DUHD(JHHWUHEXLDV
fie dat printr-RvQ HOHJHUHDQRDVWU JUHFLURPkQLüLiugoslavi119.
32
ÍQ WLPSXO FRQIHULQ HL WH]D %XFXUHütiului privitoare la frontierele

7UDFLHL 0DUL D – ]RQ GHPLOLWDUL]DW üL Vtatus quo vQ SULYLQ D 7UDFLHL
RFFLGHQWDOH DIRVW DFFHSWDW GH UHSUH]HQWDQ LL %HOJUDGXOXL ILLQG vQ DFHODüL
WLPSüLvQFRQFRUGDQ FXLQWHUHVHOH$QJOLHLÍQvQ HOHJHUHFXVHFUHWDUXO de
VWDW EULWDQLF SHQWUX DIDFHUL H[WHUQH ORUGXO &XU]RQ 0 1LQ Lþ D SUH]HQWDW
IRDUWHFODUIRDUWHELQHFDIRUP üLFDWRQ, proiectul românesc privitor la Tracia,
LQVLVWkQG DVXSUD QHFHVLW LL GHPLOLWDUL] ULL ]RQHL 5HIHULQGX-se la acest
HSLVRG üHIXO GLSORPD LHL URPkQH ,* 'XFD D VXEOLQLDW F SROLWLFHüWH üL
aceasta e important, unitatea de vederi româno-iugoslave a produs o impresie
SURIXQG 120IDSWDSUHFLDWüLGHORUGXO&XU]RQ121.
ÍQ DFHODüL WLPS OD LQL LDWLYD OXL 1LQ Lþ FX SDUWLFLSDUHD GHOHJD LHL
URPkQHüWL D DYXW ORF R FRQVI WXLUH vQ YHGHUHD UHDOL] ULL XQHL vQ HOHJHUL
greco-EXOJDUH SULYLWRDUH OD GHEXüHXO EXOJDU OD 0DUHD (JHH122 $FHHDüL
FRODERUDUHvQWUHFHOHGRX VWDWHYHFLQHDIRVWUHDOL]DW vQWLPSXOFRQIHULQ HL
statelor succesorale ale fostei monarhii austro-ungare, care a avut loc la
5RPD vQ ûHIXO GHOHJD LHL 5RPkQLHL ,RQ , /DSHGDWX üL UHVSHFWLY
RPRORJXO V X LXJRVODY 0LODQ 5DGRVDYOMHYLþ DX DGRSWDW R SR]L LH FRPXQ
ID GHSUREOHPHOHDIODWHSHDJHQGDFRQIHULQ HL123.
/D VIkUüLWXO DQXOXL D DYXW ORF OD /RQGUD R QRX FRQIHULQ
SULYLWRDUH OD SUREOHPD UHSDUD LLORU OD FDUH 5RPkQLD üL 5HJDWXO iugoslavo-
croato-VORYHQQXDXIRVWLQYLWDWHV SDUWLFLSHvQFLXGDHIRUWXULORUGHSXVHGH
GLSORPD LLOHFHORUGRX VWDWH124.
ÍQFDGUXOvQWkOQLULL0LFLLÍQ HOHJHUL de la Sinaia din iulie 1923 s-a luat
KRW UkUH XQHL PDL VWUkQVH FRODERU UL vQ FDGUXO &RPLVLHL 5HSDUD LLORU 6-a
VWDELOLW V VH VROLFLWH FD ULGLFDUHD LSRWHFLL 8QJDULHL V ILH UHDOL]DW GRDU vQ
FRQGL LLOHvQFDUHEDQLLGLVSRQLELOLQXHUDXIRORVL LvPSRWULYDstatelor Micii
ÍQ HOHJHUL 8UPD V ILH DSOLFDW vQ FRQWLQXDUH FRQWUROXO ILQDQFLDU üL PLOLWDU
asupra Budapestei125.
ÍQ DFHODüL WLPS vQ %DOFDQL DX DS UXW R VHULH GH WHQVLXQL GDWRUDWH
QHvQ HOHJHULORU GLQWUH %HOJUDG üL 6RILD )D GH DFHDVW VLWXD LH ,* 'XFD
vQGHPQDODPRGHUD LHGDUDJLWD LLOHPDFHGRQHQLORUüLXOWLPXOGLVFXUVDOOXL
Tzankoff justificau îngrijorarea guvernului iugoslav, impunându-se
încetarea politicii anti-iugoslave a Bulgariei. În opinia ministrului de
H[WHUQHURPkQPHQ LQHUHDHFKLOLEUXOXLGHIRU HvQ%DOFDQLLPSOLFDH[LVWHQ D
unei Grecii puternice.
/D vQFHSXWXO DQXOXL FHOH GRX S U L DX OXDW vQ GLVFX LH GRX
VXELHFWH GHRVHELW GH VHQVLELOH UHOD LLOH 5HJDWXOXL iugoslavo-croato-sloven
33
cu Italia respectiv cele ale României cu URSS-ul. I.G. Duca a salutat

SRVLELOLWDWHD vQFKHLHULL XQHL DOLDQ H SROLWLFH iugoslavo-italiene, pe care i-o
VHPQDODVH01LQ Lþ126,QWHQ LDDGHYHQLWUHDOLWDWHODLDQXDULHFkQG
OD5RPDDIRVWvQFKHLDWXQWUDWDWvQWUH%HOJUDGüL5RPD127.
ÍQSULYLQ DUHOD LLORU cu URSS-ul s-DGHFLVFDILHFDUHGLQWUHFHOHGRX
VWDWHV -üLKRW UDVF SURSULDVDSROLWLF ID GHUHJLPXOVRYLHWLF%HOJUDGXO
QHGRULQG V VWDELOHDVF UHOD LL GLSORPDWLFH FX .UHPOLQXO 3ULQWUH FDX]HOH
FDUH DX GHWHUPLQDW JXYHUQXO LXJRVODY V DGRSWH R DVWIHl de atitudine s-au
aflat: resentimentele lui Alexandru I pentru un regim politic care asasinase
IDPLOLD DULVW FXFDUHDFHVWDHUDvQUXGLWWHDPDF RGDW GHVFKLV ROHJD LH
VRYLHWLF OD %HOJUDG SHULFROXO SURSDJDQGHL EROüHYLFH DU IL FUHVFXW128. În
DFHODüi timp Iugoslavia QXDGRULWV VSULMLQH5RPDQLDvn diferendumul pe
care aceasta îl avea cu Moscova pe tema Basarabiei129.
ÍQ UHOD LLOH GLQWUH 5RPkQLD üL 5HJDWXO iugoslavo-croato-sloven au
DS UXW R VHULH GH IULF LXQL vQ SULPD SDUWH D DQXOXL GDWRULW XQHi
FDPSDQLLGHSUHV H[WUHPGHYLUXOHQWHvQGUHSWDWHvPSRWULYD5RPkQLHL/D
14 aprilie 1924, reprezentantul diplomatic al României la Belgrad îl informa
SH ,* 'XFD F SUHVD GLQ VWDWXO YHFLQ EDWMRFRUHüWH DUPDWD URPkQ üL FKLDUSH
rege 'DW ILLQG VLWXD LD chiar reprezentantul Cehoslovaciei în capitala
Regatului iugoslavo-croato-VORYHQ D LQWHUYHQLW SH OkQJ 0LQLVWHUXO
$IDFHULORU 6WU LQH GH OD %HOJUDG VXV LQkQG F R FRQWLQXDUH D FDPSDQLHL
anti-URPkQHüWLDUvQVHPQDVIkUüLWXO0LFLLÍQ HOHJHUL
Într-un alt rapoUW F WUH 0LQLVWHUXO $IDFHULORU 6WU LQH GH OD %XFXUHüWL
GLQ DSULOLH 7K (PDQGL LQIRUPD F atacurile triviale împotriva
5RPkQLHLvQFKHVWLXQHDHYDFX ULLFRPXQHORUDXvQFHWDWDS UkQGvQVFKLPE
DUWLFROHYHKHPHQWHvQFDUH5RPkQLDHUDDFX]DW GHMDIXULvQWHULWRULLUXVHüWL
pledându-VH vQ IDYRDUHD WH]HL GUHSWXULORU VRYLHWLFH DVXSUD %DVDUDELHL üL D
dreptului de expansiune a URSS înspre Constantinopole130.
Problema campaniei anti-URPkQHüWLSXUWDW GHSUHVDiugoslav DIRVW
DERUGDW vQ FDGUXO XQHL vQWUHYHGHUL GLQWUH PLQLüWULL GH H[WHUQH 'XFD üL
$QWLþ $ILUPkQG F dragoste cu sila nu se poate, I.G. Duca s-a declarat
VXUSULQVF JXYHUQXOGHOD%HOJUDGQXG GXVHQLFLP FDUXQFRPXQLFDWFDUH
V -iPHQ LRQH]HSR]L LDvQID DDWDFXULORUYLROHQWHDOHSUHVHLiugoslavHID
de România. Ministrul de externe al Regatului iugoslavo-croato-sloven a
GHFODUDW FX DFHVW SULOHM F %HOJUDGXO YD S VWUD vQ FRQWLQXDUH UHOD LLOH GH
SULHWHQLH üL DOLDQ FX 5RPkQLD LDU DWDFXULOH GLQ SUHV YRU vQFHWD131.
Atitudinea presei iugoslave putea DIHFWD üL DFWLYLWDWHD 0LFLL ÍQ HOHJHUL GDW
34
ILLQG U VSkQGLUHD ]YRQXOXL SULYLQG VO ELUHD üL FKLDU OLFKLGDUHD DFHVWHL

DOLDQ H UHJLRQDOH 7RWXüL OD FRQIHULQ D GH OD 3UDJD D FHORU WUHL SDUWHQHUL
aceste zvonuri au fost dezavuate132.
ÍQ YDUD DFHOXLDüL DQ FD U VSXQV OD DFHVWH WHQVLXQL vQ FDGUXO XQHL
vQWkOQLUL vQWUH 1LQ Lþ üL (PDQGL FHL GRL GLSORPD L DX VXEOLQLDW QHFHVLWDWHD
vPEXQ W LULLUHOD LLORUGLSORPDWLFHGLQWUHFHOHGRX ULYHFLQH133.
'HS üLUHD DFHVWRU GLVHQVLXQL D IRVW PDUFDW OD QRLHPEULH
atunci când, luând cuvântul la Mesajul Tronului, ministrul de externe al
5RPkQLHL DU WD F H[LVW R SHUIHFW VROLGDULWDWH vQWUH 5RPkQLD üL ULOH 0LFLL
ÍQ HOHJHUL134. ÍQ DFHODüL VSLULW OLGHUXO SDUWLGXOXL U QHVF FURDW 6 5DGLþ D
publicat în ziarul “Dom” din Zagreb un articol favorabil Micii În elegeri.
3RWULYLW XQXL UDSRUW DO /HJD LHL 5RPkQLHL GLQ %HOJUDG DFHDVW RSLQLH HUD
LPSRUWDQW GHRDUHFHRPXOSROLWLFLXJRVODYDYXVHVHSkQ DWXQFLRDWLWXGLQH
RVWLO ID GH0LFDÍQ HOHJHUHüLPDLDOHVID GH5RPkQLDDWLWXGLQHGDWRUDW
în special problemei Banatului135.
ÍQ SHULRDGD LPHGLDW XUP WRDUH UHOD LLOH GLQWUH 5HJDWXO iugoslavo-
croato-VORYHQ5RPkQLDüL*UHFLDV-DXDIODWvQDWHQ LDFHUFXULORUGLSORPDWLFH
GHOD%XFXUHüWLüL%HOJUDGÍQWU-un raport al lui Th. EmandiF WUH,*'XFD
datat 21 martie 1925, reprezentantul diplomatic al României la Belgrad
DU WD F vQ FX SULOHMXO vQWkOQLULL GH OD 6LQDLD 1LQ Lþ SURSXVHVH
UHDOL]DUHDXQHLDOLDQ Hiugoslavo-româno-JUHFHüWLVXELHFWGH]E WXWXOWHULRU
üLvQFDGUXOXQHLvQWUHYHGHUL1LQ Lþ–(PDQGLûHIXOGLSORPD LHL5HJDWXOXL
iugoslavo-croato-VORYHQ LQIRUPDVH vQ GHFHPEULH üL 3DULVXO DVXSUD
SURLHFWXOXLGHDOLDQ
3RWULYLW OXL (PDQGL SROLWLFD GXV GH %HOJUDG vQ SULYLQ D SURLHFWDWHL
DOLDQ H VH GDWRUD ILH SROLWLFLL ,Waliei de a separa Iugoslavia de Mica
ÍQ HOHJHUH ILH LQWHQ LHL OXL 1LQ Lþ GH D S VWUD R DOLDQ vQ WUHL GRULQG vQ
DFHODüLWLPSV VHDVLJXUHPDLvQWkLGHWRDWHFRQFHVLLOH*UHFLHLFHHDFHQ-ar fi
SXWXWRE LQHGDF s-DUvQYHGHUDF DOLDQ D*UHFLHLHVWHODSUH .
În urma unei convorbiri pe care Emandi a avut-o cu ministrul
Cehoslovaciei la Belgrad, acesta I-D O VDW GLSORPDWXOXL URPkQ LPSUHVLD F
HUDvPSRWULYDSURLHFWDWHLDOLDQ H&HKLLVXV LQHDXF 5RPkQLDQXDUDYHDFH
F XWD vQWU-R DVHPHQHD DOLDQ FDUH DU EDOFDQL]DDFWLYLWDWHD0LFLL ÍQ HOHJHUL
üLvQVSHFLDOD5HJDWXOXLiugoslavo-croato-VORYHQvQGHS UWkQG-o de politica
(XURSHL FHQWUDOH 'LSORPD LD FHK VXV LQHD F LQWUDUHD 5RPkQLHL vQWU-o
DVWIHOGHDOLDQ HUDFRQWUDU SURSULLORUHLLQWHUHVHLQGLVSXQkQG7XUcia, care
WUHEXLDV FRPSOHWH]HvQYLLWRU]LGXODQWL-EROüHYLFVSUHVXG
35
3ULYLWRUODDFHVWSURLHFWGLSORPDWLFDXUPDWRGHFODUD LHDPLQLVWUXOXL
iugoslav la Atena, care s-D SURQXQ DW vQ YHGHUHDvQFKHLHULL SDFWXOXL JUHFR-
româno-iugoslavüLSHQWUXLQWUDUHD*UHFLHLvQ0LFDÍQ HOHJHUHGHFODUD LHSH
care diplomatul iugoslav a retras-R D GRXD ]L SUHFXP üL R vQWkOQLUH D OXL
1LQ LþFXPLQLVWUXO*UHFLHLOD%HOJUDGvQFDGUXOF UHLDGLSORPDWXOiugoslav
DDILUPDWF vQWU-RSULP HWDS XUPDV VHvQFKHLHDOLDQ Diugoslavo-JUHDF
OD FDUH 5RPkQLD WUHEXLD V DGHUH vQWU-R D GRXD HWDS 136. Tratativele dintre
,XJRVODYLDüL*UHFLDDXIRVWvQV GLILFLOHI U DVHvQUHJLVWUDYUHXQUH]XOWDW
concret137. Iugoslavia a reQXQWDWODDSURSLHUHDGH*UHFLDüLGDWRULW IDSWXOXL
F DXWRULW ile elHQH FRQVLGHUDX PLQRULWDWHD VODY din Thesalia ca fiind de
RULJLQHHWQLF bulgar 138.
ÍQYDUDDQXOXLFXRFD]LDFRQIHULQ HL0LFLLÍQ HOHJHULGHOD%OHGD
avut loc schimbul instrumentelor de ratificare privind prelungirea
WUDWDWXOXL GH DOLDQ URPkno – iugoslav139 $FHVW HYHQLPHQW GHQRW FODU
H[LVWHQ DXQRUUHOD LLGLSORPDWLFHQRUPDOHSULHWHQHüWLvQWUHFHOHGRX VWDWH
vecine.
/DPLMORFXOGHFHQLXOXLDOWUHLOHDvQWUH5RPkQLDüL,WDOLDDIRVWvQFKHLDW
XQ WUDWDW GH DPLFL LH DFW UHDOL]DW vQWU-un moment în care raporturile
diplomatice italo-LXJRVODYH HUDX WHQVLRQDWH vQ RUDüXO )LXPH IXVHVH
DOLSLW OD ,WDOLD vQF OFkQGX-se astfel prevederile tratatului din 1924 dintre
FHOH GRX S U L $FWXO GLSORPDWLF URPkQHVF QX D DIHFWDW UHOD LLOH FX
Belgradul, care a apreciat favorabil încheierea acestui tratat140. În acest sens
s-DXSURQXQ DWDWkWPLQLVWUXOGHH[WHUQHLXJRVODY1LQNR3HULþFDüLIRVWXO
üHIDOGLSORPD LHL0RP LOR1LQ LþDFHVWDGLQXUP GHFODUkQGF încheierea
GHF WUHVWDWHOH0LFLLÍQ HOHJHULDXnor acorduri cu Italia se face conform spiritului
üLSROLWLFLLRUJDQL]D LHLvQW ULQG-RüLQXVO ELQG-o141.
În septembrie 1925 ministru de e[WHUQHURP n a propus Belgradului
un pDFW GH QHDJUHVLXQH QHDFFHSWDW vQV GH RILFLDOLW LOH LXJRVODYH üL GH
presa din DUDYHFLQ vQWUXFkWDIRVWSURSXVüi Bulgariei. Planul românesc a
IRVWUHVSLQVüLGDWRULW IDSWXOXLF Iugoslavia avea propriile sale planuri în
Balcani142.
/D VIkUüitul anului 1927 Nicolae Titulescu considerea ca fiind
inoportun proiectul Ministerului Ap U rii din Iugoslavia de a se efectua un
VFKLPE GH RIL HUL vQWUH FHOH GRX VWDWH GDWH ILLQG UHOD iile tensionate
iugoslavo-LWDOLHQH'LSORPDWXOURPkQHUDLQWHUHVDWGHS VWUDUHDXQRUUHOD ii
diplomatice bune cu Italia, 5RPD XUPkQG vQ VFKLPE V DMXWH 5RPkQia în
disputa sa cu UnJDULD ÍQ DFHVW FRQWH[W GLSORPD LD URPkQHDVF D ERLFRWDW
36
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ministru de externe al României”143.
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spre Italia145.
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37
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38
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39
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40
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42
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economic cu vecinii lor172.
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reprezentantul diplomatic al României de la BHOJUDGDU WDODQRLHPEULH
F DFHDVWDSDUWLFLSDtot mai intimODWRDWHPDQLIHVWD LLOH0LFLLÍQ HOHJHUL
5HYL]LRQLVPXO GH LQVSLUD LH LWDOLDQ GHYHQLW WRW PDL DPHQLQ WRU GXS
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SULPLW FX SUHFDX ie planurile italiHQH SHQWUX UHVWDXUDUHD HFRQRPLF D
'XQ ULL vQFHSkQG FX SODQXO 6XYLF SkQ la protocoalele de la Roma din
1934174. Iugoslavia sH WHPHD GH R SUHD PDUH LQIOXHQ a Italiei asupra
$XVWULHL SHQWUX F DWXQFL DU IL WUHEXLW V IDF ID italienilor pe trei
fronturi175.
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printr-R UH HD GH SDFWH üL FRQWUD-DVLJXU UL FDUH V SDUDOL]H]H PLüF ULOH
8QJDULHL üL %XOJDULHL 6SUH D SUHveni un eventual acord bulgaro-iugoslav,
nefast pentru România, ministrul de externe român l-a îndemnat pe Tevfik
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Turciei176.
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SROLWLFDH[WHUQ URPkQHDVF QXYDVXIHULVFKLPE UL177.
43
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EDOFDQLF D IRVW OXDW vQ GLVFX LH GH F WUH PLQLüWULL GH H[WHUQH DL 0LFLL
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DXKRW UkWV SURSXQ %XOJDULHLDGHUDUHDODSDFWvQFRQGL LLOHJDUDQW ULLGH
F WUH%XOJDULDDIURQWLHUHORUüLDstatus quo –XOXLWHULWRULDO-HYWLþDVXV LQXW
intrarea Albaniei în Pactul Balcanic, declarând: HVWHLQGLVSHQVDELOFDSDFWXOV
fLH IRUPXODW vQ DüD IHO vQFkW V VH HYLWH VXE RULFH IRUP H[FOXGHUHD $OEDQLHL,
cerându-LOXL7LWXOHVFXQXQXPDLV QXVHRSXQ SRVLELOLW LLGHDGHUDUHD
$OEDQLHLFLV IDF WRWXOODPRPHQWXORSRUWXQSHQWUXFD$OEDQLDV DGHUH
la pact. Ministrul de externH URPkQ D DU WDW F GHüL SHUVRQDO QX HUD
SDUWL]DQXODGHU ULLLPHGLDWHD$OEDQLHLODSDFWQXVHYDRSXQHvQQLFLXQIHO
DFHVWHL DGHU UL vQ YLLWRU 7LWXOHVFX D PDL GHFODUDW FX DFHODüL SULOHM F
LGHQWLWDWHDGHLQWHUHVHvQWUH5RPkQLDüL,XJRVODYLDUHSUH]HQWDFHDPDLEXQ
JDUDQ LH F vQ RULFH SUREOHP FH VH SXWHD LYL FHOH GRX UL YRU üWL V VH
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neaducând Iugoslaviei nimic îQGRPHQLXOJDUDQ LLORUHIHFWLYHüLQHDYkQGvQ
FRQVHFLQ R YDORDUH SURSRU LRQDO SHQWUX HD 7LWXOHVFX D VXV LQXW LGHHD
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GLVFX LL XOWHULRDUH IRUPXOD µDS UDUHD VHFXULW LL IURQWLHUHORU EDOcanice”
implicându-le. Guvernul iugoslav i-D FHUXW OXL 7LWXOHVFX V SUHYLQ
JXYHUQHOH HOHQ üL WXUF DVXSUD DFHVWHL GRULQ H FRPXQH DVWIHO vQFkW OD
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un schimb de scrisori referitoare la angajamentul de a încheia ulterior
FRQYHQ LLPLOLWDUH178.
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XQVSLULWGHFRQFLOLHUHFDSDFWXOV ILHYDODEil timp de 15 ani. În convorbirile
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vQGHOXQJDW vQFHHDFHSULYHüWH%XOJDULD179.
'XS FXPVHüWLHODvQFHSXWXOOXQLLIHEUXDULHSDFWXOÍQ HOHJHULL
balcanice D IRVW SDUDIDW GH PLQLüWULL GH H[WHUQH Di României, Iugoslaviei,
44
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acela de a garanta securitatea frontierelor balcanice împotriva unei
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de a nu FRQWUDFWD R REOLJD LH ID GH XQ VWDW EDOFDQLF QHVHPQDWDU I U
FRQVLP PkQWXO WXWXURU SDFWXO U PkQHD GHVFKLV üL FHORUODOWH VWDWH
balcanice180.
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concilierea intereselor iugoslavo-JUHFHüWL3RWULYLWOXL9HQL]HORV*UHFLDHUD
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RomâniaGDUUHVSLQV GH,XJRVODYLD'DF DUYRLV LVF OHDVF vQV RFRQYHQ LH
PLOLWDU FXSUHYHGHUHDXQXLDWDFDO%XOJDULHLüLDO,WDOLHLLSRWH] FDUHLQWHUHVHD] vQ
VSHFLDO,XJRVODYLDJXYHUQXO7VDOGDULVDUILU VWXUQDW3HQWUXLHüLUHDGLQLPSDV
s-DKRW UkWVWDELOLUHDFRQYHQ LLORUPLOLWDUHWUHSWDWPDLvQWkLvQWUH,XJRVODYLD
7XUFLD üL 5RPkQLD DSRL FX *UHFLD ÍQ DüWHSWDUHD VHPQ ULL FRQYHQ LHL
PLOLWDUH *UHFLD HUD GDWRDUH V DSHUH QHXWUDOLWDWHD 6DORQLFXOXL IDSW SULPLW
FX VDWLVIDF LH GH %HOJUDG 7LWXOHVFX PDL VHPQDOD üL LQWHQ LD %HOJUDGXOXL üL
$QNDUHL GH D vQFKHLD XQ WUDWDW GH DOLDQ vPSRWULYD XQHL DJUHVLXQL YHQLWH
numai din partea Italiei. Turcia s-DDQJDMDWV DMXWHFXWRDWHIRU HOHHLDUPDWD
LXJRVODY vQ FD]XO XQXL DWDF DO ,WDOLHL üL $OEDQLHL FX %XOJDULD QHXWU vQ
VFKLPEXO XQHL DVLVWHQ H LXJRVODYH vQ FD]XO XQXL DWDF DVXSUD 7XUFLHL GLQ
partea Italiei singure181.
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datelor cXOHVHGHF WUHDWDüDWXOPLOLWDUURPkQOD%HOJUDGDU WDF VHREVHUYD
GLQ FH vQ FH PDL PXOW vQ FHUFXULOH SROLWLFH FRQGXF WRDUH GH OD %HOJUDG R
atitudine de sabotare a Pactului Balcanic. Motivele invocate erau:
DWLWXGLQHDGXELRDV D*UHFLHLFDUHvQFOLQDVSUHRSROLWLF LWDORILO FHLQWUDvQ
FRQWUDGLF LH FX LQWHUHVHOH ,XJRVODYLHL SUHFXP üL QHDGHUDUHD %XOJDULHL OD
SDFWIDSWFHDFRQWULEXLWFDDFHDVW DOLDQ V GHYLQ RVLPSO PDQLIHVWD LH
SODWRQLF I U HILFDFLWDWHüLYLDELOLWDWH
$WLWXGLQHD ID GH 3DFWXO %DOFDQLF DSURSLHUHD GH *HUPDQLD LQL LDW
GH %HOJUDG SULQ FRQYHQ LD FRPHUFLDO vQFKHLDW FX %HUOLQXO DYDQVXULOH
H[DJHUDWHI FXWH%XOJDULHLGHQRW SUREDELOXQvQFHSXWGHVFKLPEDUHvQRULHQWDUHD
politicii externeDVWDWXOXLYHFLQVFKLPEDUHFDUHS UHDV VHSURGXF SHFRQW
45
SURSULX vQ DIDUD FDGUXOXL 0LFLL ÍQ HOHJHUL – opina documentul militar

român182.
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DQDOL]kQGDFHOHDüLSUREOHPHDMXQJHDODFRQFOX]LDF JXYHUQXOLXJRVODYpare
D YRL V vQWkU]LH ratificarea Pactului de la Atena spre a-üL GD PDL ELQH VHDPD GH
UHFLSURFLWDWHD REOLJD LLORU FH GHFXUJ SHQWUX DPEHOH VWDWH $FHDVW DWLWXGLQH HUD
SXV üLSHVHDPDGRULQ HLGHDSURSLHUHD,XJRVODYLHGH%XOJDULD183.
Într-DGHY UvQSULPLLDQLDLGHFHQLXOXLDO IV-lea Iugoslavia încerca
V VH DSURSLH GH *HUPDQLD üL ,WDOLD $VWIHO vQFHSkQG FX SULP YDUD DQXOXL
1932, timp de un an de zile, regele Alexandru I a încercat realizarea unei
DOLDQ H LXJRVODYR – italiene. Mussolini a întrerupt convorbirile, pretextând
c VLWXD LDGLQ,XJRVODYLDQXHUDVXILFLHQWGHVLJXU SHQWUXvQFKHLHUHDXQRU
acorduri politice.
ÍQSULYLQ DUHOD LLORUFX*HUPDQLDSkQ ODYHQLUHDQD]LüWLORUODSXWHUH
UHOD LLOHGLQWUHFHOHGRX VWDWHDXIRVWFRUHFWHI U FDYUHXQDGLQFHOHGRX
S U L V PDQLIHVWH GRULQ D GH DSURSLHUH 'XS LDQXDULH UHOD LLOH
iugoslavo – JHUPDQH DX HYROXDW vQ GLUHF LD XQHL DSURSLHUL vQV üL UHJHOH
Alexandru I fiind interesat de acest fapt. Pentru prevenirea Anschluss-ului
üHIXOVWDWXOXLLXJRVODYILLQGFRQüWLHQWF DFHVWSHULFRODGHYHQLWUHDOGXS
instalarea la putere a lui Hitler) ambasadorul iugoslav la Budapesta Iovan
'X Lþ D SULPLW GLVSR]L LL GLQ SDUWHD JXYHUQXOXL V X V VRQGH]H RSLQLD
JXYHUQXOXLPDJKLDUvQOHJ WXU FXRHYHQWXDO IRUPDUHDXQXLIURQWFRPXQ
întrH,WDOLD8QJDULDüL,XJRVODYLDvQDFHVWVHQV0LQLVWUXODIDFHULORUH[WHUQH
ungar, Kany a respins propunerea Belgradului. Guvernul german a cultivat
VLVWHPDWLFRDWPRVIHU SURSLFHSHQWUXDWUDJHUHD,XJRVODYLHLvQVIHUDSROLWLFLL
VDOH ÍQ SODQXO V X GH S WUXndere în Europa de sud-est, el includea
,XJRVODYLD vQ FDWHJRULD ULORU FDUH RFXSDX XQ ORF VSHFLDO GLQ SXQFW GH
YHGHUHHFRQRPLF$VWIHO,XJRVODYLDDIRVWSULPXOVWDWGLQWUH ULOHPHPEUH
DOH0LFLLÍQ HOHJHULFXFDUH*HUPDQLDQD]LVW DvQFKHLDWDFRUGXULFRmerciale.
'XS FUL]DHFRQRPLF FHUFXULOHHFRQRPLFHLXJRVODYHDXY ]XWvQ*HUPDQLD
RSLD GHSULPUDQJSHQWUXGHVIDFHUHDSURGXVHORUORUFXDWkWPDLPXOWFX
FkW %HUOLQXO DFRUGD H[SRUWXULORU LXJRVODYH R SR]L LH SULYLOHJLDW )DFWRULL
politici decizionali gHUPDQLDYHDXvQYHGHUHGHVLJXUSULQDFHVWHLQL LDWLYHüL
VO ELUHDLQIOXHQ HLLWDOLHQHvQ(XURSDFHQWUDO üLvQ%DOFDQL184.
Pe de alta parte in 1934 atât Iugoslavia cât üi Romania üi-au
îmbun t it rela iile cu Bulgaria, iar Titulescu üi Jeftic au luat în considerare
posibilitatea semn rii pactului de neagresiune bilateral. Regele Alexandru
46
üi Jeftic üi-au continuat eforturile pentru realizarea unei apropieri

iugoslavo-bulgar , vizitând Sofia în septembrie 1934185.
În vara anului GLSORPD LD HXURSHDQ HUD SUHRFXSDW DWkW GH
SDFWXO RULHQWDO FkW üL GH HYROX LLOH JUDYH GLQ $XVWULD FDUH DX FXOPLQDW FX
DVDVLQDUHD FDQFHODUXOXL'ROOIXVV 1 7LWXOHVFX DDGUHVDW R QRW RPRORJLORU
V L GLQ ,XJRVODYLD üL &HKRVORYDFLD SULYLQG HYHQWXDOLWDWHD XQHL DF LXQL
FRPXQH vQ OHJ WXU FX VLWXD LD LQWHUQ D $XVWULHL 1LFL ,XJRVODYLD QLFL
&HKRVORYDFLD QX DX FRQVLGHUDW QHFHVDU R GHOLEHUDUH FRPXQ vQ DFHDVW
SUREOHP 186.
În toamna anului 1934, seria atentatelor politice a continuat, atentatul
de la Marsilia afectând puternic Iugoslavia GDU üL SH DOLD LL DFHVWHLD
&RQVLOLXO SHUPDQHQW DO 0LFLL ÍQ HOHJHUL V-a întrunit la Belgrad la 19
octombrie 1934. S-DDSUHFLDWF DWHQWDWXOGLQ)UDQ DFRQVWLWXLDRFULP FDUH
ILLQGFRPLV VXELQIOXHQ DXQRUIRU HFHDF LRQDVHU GLQFRORGHIURQWLHUHHUD
de resortul politicii externe. S-D KRW UkW SHQWUX PRPHQW V QX ILH DFX]DW
GDUQLFLGH]YLQRY LWYUHXQVWDWRULFDUHDUILDFHVWDGHHYHQWXDOHLPL[WLXQL
vQ SUHJ WLUHD DWHQWDWXOXL üL V-D VWDELOLW V VH DüWHSWH vQFKHLHUHD DQFKHWHL $
IRVW FRQVLGHUDW QHFHVDU OXDUHD XQRU P VXUL LQWHUQD LRQDOH vPSRWULYD
DFWHORU WHURULVWH DOH F URU YLFWLPH HUDX vQ XOWLPD SHULRDG RDPHQL GH VWDW
din Europa187.
Solidaritatea româno-LXJRVODY vQ DFHVWH PRPHQWH GUDPDWLFH SHQWUX
DUDYHFLQ DIRVWH[SULPDW üLvQ3DUODPHQWXO5RPkQLHi. Luând cuvântul la
0HVDMXOWURQXOXLGLSORPDWXO*ULJRUH*DIHQFXDU WDODQRLHPEULHF
URPkQLL DX U PDV OHDOL ID GH iugoslavLL FDUH XUP UHVF SH FHL FDUH L-au
vQDUPDW üL L-DX vPSLQV GLQ XPEU SH DVDVLQLL GH OD 0DUVLOLD Vom lupta
vPSUHXQ FX HL V OL VH IDF GUHSWDWH SHQWUX F QX SXWHP U ]EXQD PDL ELQH SH
marele lor rege decât împlinindu-L JkQGXO FHO GLQ XUP încheia Grigore
Gafencu188.
În noiembrie 1934, guvernul iugoslav a depus o plângere la Geneva
FDUH DFX]D 8QJDULD GH D IL LPSOLFDW vQ SUHJ WLrea atentatului. Noul
ministru de externe francez, Pierre Laval, a exercitat presiuni asupra
%HOJUDGXOXL SHQWUX D QX LPSOLFD üL ,WDOLD vQ VFDQGDO GDWH ILLQG WUDWDWLYHOH
franco-LWDOLHQH SHQWUX vQFKHLHUHD XQXL DFRUG /D 6RFLHWDWHD 1D LXQLORU
Iugoslavia a foVW VXV LQXW GH 5RPkQLD üL &HKRVORYDFLD FDUH DX DFX]DW
SROLWLFDUHYL]LRQLVW PDJKLDU
3UREOHPD DWHQWDWXOXL GH OD 0DUVLOLD D IRVW UH]ROYDW SULQWU-un
compromis, adoptându-VHRUH]ROX LHFDUHDIRVWDFFHSWDW vQXQDQLPLWDWH
47
inclusiv de Ungaria, deoarece nici un stat nu era acuzat direct a avea

OHJ WXUL FX DWHQWDWXO 8QJDULD FRQIRUP UH]ROX LHL HUD GRDU LQYLWDW V
DSOLFHVDQF LXQLRUJDQHORUSXWHULLGHVWDWF URUDOLV-DUILSXWXWVWDELOLRYLQ
ÍQ PHPRULLOH VDOH 6WRMDGLQRYLþ DUDW F -HYWLþ IXVHVH VODE sprijinit la
*HQHYD DWkW GH F WUH IUDQFH]L SR]L LD 3DULVXOXL GHFHS LRQkQG %HOJUDGXO
FDUH YHGHD vQ )UDQ D SURWHFWRDUHD VD üL DYHUWL]kQGX-i pe iugoslavL F QX
SXWHDX DYHD vQFUHGHUH GHFkW vQ HL vQüLüL FkW üL GH HQJOH]L vQ SULYLQ D
FRQGDPQ ULL YLQRYD LORU %XGDSHVWD D DPHQLQ DW FX S U VLUHD 6RFLHW LL
1D LXQLORU vQ FD]XO XQHL FRQGDPQ UL SHQWUX DVDVLQDUHD OXL $OH[DQGUX ,189.
ûi1LFRODH7LWXOHVFXVHWHPHDF üHIXOGLSORPD iei franceze P. Laval era gata
V -i abandoneze pe iugoslavi în chestiunea asasinatului de la Marsilia ca
SUH SHQWUXvntelegerea cu Italia190.
ÍQWLPSXOvQWkOQLULL0LFLLÍQ HOHJHULGHOD%HOJUDGGLQRFWRPEULH
DIRVWDQDOL]DW SROLWLFDGHDOLDQ HFHVHSUHFRQL]DODDFHDGDW vQVSHFLDOGH
F WUH XQHOH GLQ PDULOH SXWHUL $WkW 0LFD ÍQ HOHJHUH FkW üL ÍQ HOHJHUHD
%DOFDQLF DFFHSWD vQ HOHJHUHD IUDQFR-VRYLHWLF FkW üL SH FHD IUDQFR-LWDOLDQ
GDU VH RSXQHD XQHL vQ HOHJHUL IUDQFR-sovietico-LWDOLHQH 7RWRGDW QX HUD
DFFHSWDW LGHHDXQHLDOLDQ HGLQWUH)UDQ D,WDOLDüLXQXOVDXGRX GLQVWDWHOH
Micii ÍQ HOHJHUL VDX DOH ÍQ HOHJHULL %DOFDQLFH DFHVW DFW SXQkQG vQ SHULFRO
unitatea lor, iar statele care nu participau la aceste angajamente ar constitui
R SUDG XüRDU SHQWUX PDULOH SXWHUL vQ OXSWD ORU SHQWUX R ]RQ GH
LQIOXHQ 191.
3DUDOHO 5RPkQLD üL ,XJRVOavia au analizat principalele evenimente
LQWHUQD LRQDOH üL vQ FDGUXO UHXQLXQLORU 0LFLL ÍQ HOHJHUL $VWIHO FHOH GRX
VWDWHDXDYXWRSR]L LHFRPXQ vQSULYLQ D$XVWULHLV-DXSURQXQ DWSHQWUX
UHIDFHUHDHLHFRQRPLF GDUvPSRWULYDUHDOL] ULLXQHLXQLXQLYDPDle cu Italia
VDX FX *HUPDQLD SUHFXP üL D $QVFKOXVV-ului, contra întoarcerii
+DEVEXUJLORU SUHFXP üL vQ FKHVWLXQHD XQJDU DX VROLFLWDW UHVSHFWDUHD
prevederilor tratatului de la Trianon)192 &HOH GRX UL DX DGRSWDW DFHODüL
SXQFWGHYHGHUHvQSULYLQ DUHFRQVWUXF LHLILQDQFLDUHD8QJDULHLSUHFXPüLD
LQWU ULL HL vQ 6RFLHWDWHD 1D LXQLORU193. La începutul anului 1923 a fost
H[SULPDW vQJULMRUDUHD PHPEULORU 0LFLL ÍQ HOHJHUL SULYLQG FUHüWHUHD
WHQVLXQLL LQWHUQD LRQDOH vQ XUPD RFXS ULL ]RQHL 5XKU-XOXL GH F WUH DUPDWa
franco-EHOJLDQ 194 .
$O WXUL GH &HKRVORYDFLD 5RPkQLD üL ,XJRVODYLD DX VSULMLQLW
demersurile diplomatice care au fost întreprinse în cursul deceniului al
WUHLOHD vQ YHGHUHD UHDOL] ULL XQXL VLVWHP FROHFWLY GH VHFXULWDWH $ IRVW
48
H[SULPDWGHSOLQXODFRUGID de FKHVWLXQHD3DFWXOXLGHVLJXUDQ , care a fost

semnat la Locarno în 1925195, a fost salutat cu YLH VDWLVIDF LH proiectul
pactului Briand - Kellog196, tratat ce, teoretic, a avut meritul de a fi interzis
UHFXUJHUHD OD U ]ERL SHQWUX UH]ROYDUHD GLIHUHQGHORU GLntre state197. La 21
PDL VWDWHOH 0LFLL ÍQ HOHJHUL DX VHPQDW $FWXO JHQHUDO GH FRQFLOLHUH üL
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de liderul italian B. Mussolini, care confirma principiul revizuirii tratatelor
GHSDFHüLDOFRQ LQXWXOXLDUWLFROXOXLGLQ3DFWXO6RFLHW LL1D LXQLORUGH
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7HQVLXQLvQUHOD LLOHGLSORPDWLFHURPkQR-iugoslave (1935 – 1940)
9HQLUHDOXL0LODQ6WRMDGLQRYLþvQIUXQWHDJXYHUQXOXLGHOD%HOJUDGD
îQVHPQDW R FRWLWXU vQ SROLWLFD H[WHUQ LXJRVODY 1RXO SULP-ministru
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UDSRUWXULOH H[LVWHQWH FX )UDQ D üL $QJOLD202. Aceasta deoarece imaginea
(XURSHL vQ YDUD DQXOXL HUD GLIHULW GH FHD H[LVWHQW vQ SULPLL DQL GH
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DFHVWXL SHULFRO SHQWUX UHJLPXULOH H[LVWHQWH vQ (XURSD VWDWHOH 0LFLL ÍQ elegeri nu
HUDX FDSDELOH V VH RSXQ QLFL FD QXP U QLFL FD IRU üL QLFL SULQ SR]L LD ORU
JHRJUDILF Referindu-se în timpul unei convorbiri pe care a avut-o cu Laval,
OD UDSRUWXULOH FX /RQGUD üL 3DULVXO RPXO SROLWLFLXJRVODY PDL SUHFL]D noi,
cei din MiFDÍQ HOHJHUHFRQVLGHU PF vQWRWGHDXQDWUHEXLHV ILPGHDFHHDüLS UHUH
49
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HVWH VFRDV vQ HYLGHQ üL GH FRQWDFWHOH GLSORPDWLFH WRW PDL LQWHQVH GLQWUH
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FHOHGRX VWDWH204.
3H GH DOW SDUWH VFKLPE ULOH OD YkUI SURGXVH vQ ,XJRVODYLD DX
LQIOXHQ DWUHOD iLOHFXüHIXOGLSORPD LHLURPkQHüti Nicolae Titulescu. Astfel
XQXO GLQWUH FULWLFLL VWU ini ai lui Titulescu a fost regentul Iugoslaviei Paul.
(YHQLPHQWHOHLQWHUQD ionaOHvQW UHDXSR]L iile germanofililor de la Belgrad.
)UDQ Dvntreprindea demersuri de a se apURSLDGH,WDOLD*HUPDQLDDvQF OFDW
FODX]HOHGHvQDUPDUHSUHY ]XWHvn Tratatul de Pace, U. R. S. S.-XOSHUFHSXW
FD R DPHQLQ DUH GH HOLWD LXJRVODY D IRVW DGXV pH VFHQD GLSORPDWLF
europHDQ GHF WUHDOLD ii%HOJUDGXOXLLDU6RFLHWDWHD1D LXQLORUDHüXDWWRWDO
vQ SUREOHPD DFX]D LLORU IRUPXODWH GH ,XJRVODYLD vPSRWULYD LPSOLF ULL
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PHQ inut la SXWHUH D IRVW DVLJXUDW ORLDOLWDWHD ,XJRVODYLHL ID de sistemul
francez. 6LQJXUD GLYHUJHQ vQ DFHD SHULRDG vQWUH ,XJRVODYLD 5RPDQLD üi
Cehoslovacia a constituit-o refuzul continuu al Belgradului de a stabili
UHOD ii diplomatice cu U.R.S. S.-ul. În schimb Stoiadinovic era antiVRYLHWLFüi
predispus la intrigi, rivalizând în acest sens cu polonezul Beck205.
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DFHOHDüLUHOD LLGHSULHWHQLH$IRVWGLVFXWDW üLGRULQ DSULQ XOXLUHJHQWGHD
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V ULGLFHSUHVWLJLXOUHJHQ HL206.
Eforturile diplomatice întrepULQVH vQ DQXO vQ YHGHUHD UHDOL] ULL
XQXL VLVWHP GH VHFXULWDWH vQ (XURSD DX IRVW VXEPLQDWH GH KRW UkUHD
Germaniei din martie 1935 de a restabili serviciul militar obligatoriu iar
&RQIHULQ D GH OD 6WUHVD FRQYRFDW SHQWUX D DQDOL]D SROLWLFD JHUPDQ vQ
doPHQLXOUHvQDUP ULLQXDGXVODQLFLXQUH]XOWDWFRQFUHW
50
0LQLüWULL GH H[WHUQH DL ,XJRVODYLHL üL 5RPkQLHL DO WXUL GH FROHJLL ORU
GLQ 0LFD ÍQ HOHJHUH üL ÍQ HOHJHUHD %DOFDQLF DX DQDOL]DW DFHVWH HYHQLPHQWH
OD DSULOLH (L üL-DX H[SULPDW VSHUDQ D F Ve va ajunge, în urma
FRQIHULQ HLGHOD6WUHVDODRGHVWLQGHUHIDYRUDELO FRODERU ULLLQWHUQD LRQDOH
üL FRQVROLG ULL S FLL 7RWRGDW V-D VXEOLQLDW F vQ SULYLQ D UHYL]XLULL
VWDWXWXOXL PLOLWDU DO ULORU VHPQDWDUH DOH WUDWDWHORU GH OD 6DLQW *HUPDLQ
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VWUkQV OHJ WXU FXDFRUGDUHDGHQRLJDUDQ LLGHVHFXULWDWH207.
Analizând impactul Tratatului italo-IUDQFH] üL DO &RQIHULQ HL GH OD
6WUHVDDVXSUDSROLWLFLLH[WHUQHLXJRVODYH*XU QHVFXDSUHFLDODLXOLH
F iugoslavLL QHPDLVLP LQGX-VH VLJXUL GH )UDQ D DX F XWDW VSULMLQ OD
/RQGUDFDUHvüLDVXPDVHDVWIHOUROXOGHFRQVLOLHUID GH%HOJUDG208.
Apropierea treptaW GH*HUPDQLD GDU FKLDU üL GH ,WDOLD YD vQGHS UWD
,XJRVODYLD GH )UDQ D üL GH 0LFD ÍQ HOHJHUH vQ FLXGD DILUPD LLORU OXL
6WRLDGLQRYLF F DUD VD YD U Pkne credincioas WUDWDWHORU üL DOLDQ HORU SH
care le-a încheiat209.
&X SULOHMXO &RQIHULQ HL 0LFLL ÍQ HOHgeri de la Bled (august 1935) N.
7LWXOHVFX üL 0 6WRMDGLQRYLþ DX DQDOL]DW HYROX LD UHOD LLORU GLSORPDWLFH
GLQWUH ULOHORUüL8566SUHFXPüLFUL]DHWLRSLDQ ÍQSULYLQ DUDSRUWXULORU
FX0RVFRYDSULPXOPLQLVWUXLXJRVODYDDU WDWF %HOJUDGXOQXSXWHDvQF
V UHFXQRDVF JXYHUQXO VRYLHWLF GDU QX YD VWkQMHQL UHDOL]DUHD XQRU UHOD LL
SULHWHQHüWL vQWUH 5RPkQLD üL 8566210 3ROLWLFD JXYHUQXOXL 6WRMDGLQRYLþ ID
GH UHJLPXO VRYLHWLF LQHD VHDPD GH DFHOHDüL FRQVLGHUHQWH GLQ SULPLL DQL
interbelici (sensibilitatea famiOLHLUHJDOHID GHDVDVLQDUHD DUXOXLüLIDPLOLHL
VDOHFUHGLQ DSRSRUXOXLiugoslavF DUXOHUDSURWHFWRUXO6HUELHLÍQDFHODüL
WLPSüHIXOJXYHUQXOXLGHOD%HOJUDGDGHFODUDWF DUDVDQXYDLQWUDvQQLFL
un pact anti - sovietic211. Nicolae Titulescu a FRQVLGHUDW F securitatea
EurRSHL &HQWUDOH SRDWH IL DVLJXUDW printr-o apropiere de U. R. S. S. În
schimb Stoiadinovic a respins aFHVWSURLHFWGHRDUHFHVHWHPHDüi de o rHDF LH
QHJDWLY GLQSDUWHD*HUPDQLHLüL,WDOLHLQHGRULQGFD5RPkQLDV semneze
un pact de ajutor reciproc cu Moscova212./DUkQGXOV XüLSULQ ul Paul era
antisovietic, el autoinvitându-se în România pentru a-l convinge pe Regele
&DURODO,,OHDV nu urmeze SROLWLFDVRYLHWLF ” a lui Titulescu. Dupa ce la
Bled Stoiadinovic a respins categRULF UXJ PLQ LOH OXL %HQHV üL 7LWXOHVFX vQ
IDYRDUHD VWDELOLULL GH UHOD ii diplomatice iugoslavo- sovietice, omul politic
LXJRVODYDSULPLWIHOLFLW rile lui Laval213.
51
Analizând conflictul italo –HWLRSLDQDIRVWVWDELOLW OLQLDGHFRQGXLW

care prevedea adRSWDUHD SHQWUX PRPHQW D XQHL QHXWUDOLW L FRPSOHWH ÍQ
FD]XO vQ FDUH SUREOHPD XUPD V ILH GLVFXWDW OD 6RFLHWDWHD 1D LXQLORU
DOLDQ D VH GHFODUD SHQWUX PHQ LQHUHD S FLL FRQVLGHUkQG 6RFLHWDWHD
1D LXQLORU VLQJXUXO LQVWUXPHQW DO DFHVWHL SROLWLFL GH SDFH214. În
LQVWUXF LXQLOH SH FDUH OH-D WULPLV R OXQ PDL WkU]LX UHSUH]HQWDQWXOXL
LXJRVODY OD *HQHYD 6WRMDGLQRYLþ FHUHD FD DWLWXGLQHD LXJRVODY V ILH vQ
FRQFRUGDQ FXSR]L LDDOLD LORUGLQ0LFDÍQ HOHJHUHüLÍQ HOHJHUHD%DOFDQLF
ÍQ VLWXD LD vQ FDUH $QJOLD üL )UDQ D DGRSWDX DFHHDüL DWLWXGLQH ID GH
FRQIOLFW %HOJUDGXO WUHEXLD V VH DO WXUH FX KRW UkUH DFHVWRUD LDU vQ FD]
FRQWUDUXUPDV S VWUH]HRDWLWXGLQHUH]HUYDW 215.
7HQVLXQHD LQWHUQD LRQDO D FUHVFXW üL PDL PXOW GXS FH WUXSHOH
italiene au invadat Etiopia. RomkQLD SULQ PLQLVWUXO V X GH H[WHUQH D
FRQGDPQDW DFHDVW DJUHVLXQH SURQXQ kQGX-se pentru declararea Italiei ca
VWDW DJUHVRU üL SHQWUX DSOLFDUHD VDQF LXQLORU SUHY ]XWH vQ 3DFWXO 6RFLHW LL
1D LXQLORU
8QUDSRUWDOOXL$O*XU QHVFXDU WDF ,XJRVODYLDVHRSXQHDRULF UHL
concesii cu caracter politic al Italiei în Abisinia216.
'XS DSOLFDUHDVDQF LXQLORUFRQWUD,WDOLHL17LWXOHVFXV-DSURQXQ DW
SHQWUX UHVSHFWDUHD LQWHJUDO D DUW GLQ 3DFWXO6RFLHW LL 1D LXQLORU FDUH
SUHFL]D F PHPEULL 6RFLHW LL 1D LXQLORU vüL YRU DFRUGD VSULMLQ UHFLSURF
SHQWUXDUHGXFHODPLQLPSLHUGHULOHüLLQFRQYHQLHQWHOHFHDUUH]XOWDGHSH
XUPD DSOLF ULL VDQF LXQLORU HFRQRPLFH 7LWXOHVFX D DS UDW VROGXO FUHGLWRU
URPkQHVF üL LXJRVODY ID GH ,WDOLD ILLQG IHOLFLWDW GH F WUH 6WRMDGLQRYLþ
pentru WRWFHDI FXWüLRE LQXWSHQWUX,XJRVODYLD217.
'LYHUJHQ HOH IUDQFR-britanice datorate lui Pierre Laval, care se
eschivase în a asigura Londra de sprijinul flotei franceze din Mediterana în
cazul unui atac al flotei italiene împotriva celei britaQLFH üL GH DVHPHQL
vQFHUFDVHRDSURSLHUHD)UDQ HLGH*HUPDQLDüL,WDOLDDXGXVODvQIUkQJHUHD
(WLRSLHL $FHVW IDSW XUPDW GH ULGLFDUHD VDQF LXQLORU FRQWUD ,WDOLHL D GXV OD
VO ELUHDLPSRUWDQ HL6RFLHW LL1D LXQLORU
ÍQID DDFHVWHLVLWXD LL%HOJUDGXOüL-DPRGLILFDWDWLWXGLQHDPHQ LRQDW
vQUDSRUWXOOXL*XU QHVFXGLQVHSWHPEULH$FHODüLGLSORPDWLQIRUPD
OD QRLHPEULH F ,XJRVODYLD DGRSWDVH R SR]L LH GH H[SHFWDWLY SUXGHQW
ID GH LQYD]LD LWDOLDQ ,XJRVODYLD D DGRSWDW DFHDVW SR]L LH GHRDUHFH
LQWHUHVHOH HFRQRPLFH vL HUDX JUDY DIHFWDWH vQ XUPD DSOLF ULL VDQF LXQLORU
GDWRULW OHJ WXULORUVWUkQVHFX,WDOLDGLQDFHDVW FDX] GHOHJD LDLXJRVODY D
52
SURSXV OD 6RFLHWDWHD 1D LXQLORU FD XQHOH VWDWH SUHFXP )UDQ D üL $QJOLD V
SULPHDVF DQXPLWHFRQWLQJHQWHGHP UIXULGLQVWDWHOHFDUHDYXVHVHU SkQ
DWXQFLOHJ WXULFRPHUFLDOHFX,WDOLD$XVWULD8QJDULDVDXFXDOWHVWDWHFDUH
QX SDUWLFLSDX OD DSOLFDUHD VDQF LXQLORU218. Importul iugoslav, în linii mari,
HUDDFRSHULWGHP UIXULLWDOLHQHLDUSULQDSOLFDUHDVDQF LXQLORU,WDOLDQXPDL
SXWHD LPSRUWD P UIXUL LXJRVODYH LPSRUWXULOH QHILLQG OLPLWDWH GHRDUHFH
HUDX SO WLWH vQ DXU VDX GHYL]H 'LQ DFHDVW FDX] FHUFXULOH HFRQRPLFH
LXJRVODYHQXDXIRVWPXO XPLWHGHKRW UkULOHOXDWHOD*HQHYDFRQWUD,WDOLHL
Ele s-au împRWULYLW SXEOLF DFHVWRU VDQF LXQL SURSXQkQG FD R SDUWH GLQ
H[SRUWXOLXJRVODYVSUH,WDOLDV ILHWULPLVSULQ$XVWULDüL8QJDULDFDP UIXUL
austriece respectiv ungare219. În al doilea rând, factorii decizionali de la
%HOJUDG FUHGHDX F GDWRULW FRQIOLFWXOXL Gin Etiopia Mussolini nu mai era
SUHRFXSDWGHSUREOHPDGDOPDW 3HQWUXvQFHWDUHDGLVSXWHLLWDOR–LXJRVODY
DVXSUD 'DOPD LHL %HOJUDGXO HUD GLVSXV V DSUREH LQYD]LD (WLRSLHL
considerând-R QRUPDO vQ FD]XO XQXQL SRSRU vQ SOLQ GH]YROWDUH FX R
SRSXOD LH vQ FUHüWHUH220 &HUFXULOH SROLWLFH EHOJU GHQH HUDX VDWLVI FXWH F
IRU HOH LWDOLHQH VH vQGHS UWDX GH 'DOPD LD221. Astfel, atitudinea celor doi
DOLD L ID GH FRQIOLFWXO LWDOR-abisinian a devenit în toamna anului 1936
GLIHULW SH GH R SDUWH %XFXUHüWLXO üL-D PHQ LQXW SR]L LD LQWUDQVLJHQW
SURQXQ kQGX-VH SHQWUX DSOLFDUHD VDQF LXQLORU FRQWUD ,WDOLHL GHüL SULQ
DFHDVW FRQGXLW GLSORPDWLF UHOD LLOHURPkQR– italiene s-DXU FLWLDUSHGH
DOW SDUWH ,XJRVODYLD D DGRSWDW R SR]L LH GH H[SHFWDWLY SUXGHQW GLQ
considereQWH HFRQRPLFH üL SROLWLFH ÍQ DFHVWH FRQGL LL GDU üL GDWRULW
DWLWXGLQLLPDULORUSXWHULID GHFRQIOLFWODVHSWHPEULHPLQLüWULLGH
H[WHUQHDLFHORUGRX VWDWH9LFWRU$QWRQHVFXüL0LODQ6WRMDGLQRYLþDXF ]XW
GH DFRUG F SUREOHPD QX PDL SXWHD IL DERUGDW GHFkW SULQ SULVPD
UHFXQRDüWHULL DJUHVLXQLL (WLRSLHL 6WRMDGLQRYLþ D VXJHUDW F QX PDL WUHEXLD
SURYRFDWQLFLXQLQFLGHQWFX,WDOLDFHOHGRX VWDWHVXIHULQGGHVWXOHSDJXEH
GH SH XUPD DSOLF ULL VDQF LXQLORU FDUH QX vPSLHGLFDVHU WRWXüL LQYDGDUHD
EWLRSLHL 'H DFHHD vQ RSLQLD GHPQLWDUXOXL LXJRVODY QX WUHEXLD DWUDV
GXüP QLD ,WDOLHL vQ FKHVWLXQL GH IRUP GH H[HPSOX vQ VFULVRULOH GH
acreditare ale noului ambasador italian la Belgrad, regele italian se
SURFODPDüLVW SkQXO(WLRSLHL0LQLVWUXOGHH[WHUQHURPkQDvPS UW üLWvQ
principiu acest punct de vedere222.
ÍQ SULP YDUD DQXOXL (XURSD D IRVW FRQIUXQWDW FX R QRX FUL]
GLSORPDWLF SULQRFXSDUHDGHF WUH*HUPDQLDD]RQHLUHQDQHILLQGvQF OFDW
DVWIHO JUDY WUDWDWXO GH OD 9HUVDLOOHV /XFU ULOH LVWoricilor francezi care
53
DQDOL]HD] DFHVW HYHQLPHQW DUDW F FHUFXULOH GLSORPDWLFH üL SROLWLFH GH OD
3DULVFXQRüWHDXDFHVWSODQDO%HUOLQXOXLGLQDQLLSUHFHGHQ LGDUQXDXOXDW
QLFL R P VXU FRQFUHW SHQWUX D-l împiedica. La 8-9 martie, guvernul
francez a hRW UkWV QXULSRVWH]H
Ministrul de externe britanic, Sir Robert Anthony Eden, a deplâns
VLWXD LDGDUDSUHFLDF GDWILLQGJUDYLWDWHDvPSUHMXU ULORUDUILGHGRULWV QXILH
vQWUHSULQV QLFLRDF LXQHFHDUSXWHDDQJDMDvQPRGLUHPHGLDELOYLLWRUXOvQDinte ca
JXYHUQHOHLQWHUHVDWHüLvQVSHFLDOFHOHDOH)UDQ HLüL0DULL%ULWDQLLV VHFRQVXOWH223.
)UDQ D üL %HOJLD DX FHUXW OD PDUWLH vQWUXQLUHD &RQVLOLXOXL 6RFLHW LL
1D LXQLORU SHQWUX GH]EDWHUHD VLWXD LHL FUHDWH GH *HUPDQLD 5HSUH]HQWDQ LL
0LFLLÍQ HOHJHULüLDLÍQ HOHJHULL%DOFDQLFHvQWUXQL LODPDUWLHDXDSUREDWI U
UH]HUYHDWLWXGLQHD)UDQ HLüLD%HOJLHLFHOHGRX DOLDWHILLQGKRW UkWHV DSHUH
prin toate mijloacele aplicarea tratatelor, inclusiv a celor de la Locarno224, dar
DFHDVW GHFODUD LHQXDIRVWSULPLW IDYRUDELOGHF WUHSULPXOPLQLVWUXiugoslav
6WRMDGLQRYLþ FDUH vQ LQVWUXF LXQLOH WULPLVH UHSUH]HQWDQ LORU iugoslavi la
FRQIHULQ D GH OD /RQGUD OH FHUHD V QX VH DQJDMH]H vQWU-R DF LXQH GH
condamnare a Germaniei, deoarece Belgradul avea impoUWDQWH OHJ WXUL
HFRQRPLFH FX DFHDVWD ûHIXO JXYHUQXOXL LXJRVODY VXEOLQLD FD DFHVW SXQFW GH
YHGHUHV ILHWUDQVPLVüLPLQLVWUXOXLGHH[WHUQHIUDQFH])ODQGLQ
'HPQLWDUXO LXJRVODY PDL FHUHD FD 1 7LWXOHVFX V QX IDF GHFODUD LL
GXUHODDGUHVD*HUPDQLHLI U avizul prealabil al iugoslavLORUÍQFRQFHS LD
OXL vQF OFDUHD DFRUGXOXL GH OD /RFDUQR FRQVWLWXLD R SUREOHP D PDULORU
SXWHULüLD%HOJLHL225/DPDUWLHOD/RQGUDDDYXWORFRFRQIHULQ D
statelor semnatare a acordului de la Locarno, care au constatat în
XQDQLPLWDWH F *HUPDQLD vQF OFDVH SUHYHGHULOH WUDWDWHORU LQWHUQD LRQDOH üL
F HUDGHFRPSHWHQ D&RQVLOLXOXL6RFLHW LL1D LXQLORUV GH]EDW DWLWXGLQHD
Germaniei.
$FHVWFRQVLOLXvQWUXQLWODPDUWLHDFRQVWDWDWF *HUPDQLDDvQF OFDW
tratatul dH SDFH üL DFRUGXO GH OD /RFDUQR /D PDUWLH 6WRMDGLQRYLþ L-a
WUDQVPLVUHSUH]HQWDQWXOXLV XOD/RQGUD%3XULþQRLLQVWUXF LXQLSULLYLQG
DVLJXUDUHD SULQ WRDWH PLMORDFHOH D S FLL vQ (XURSD üL FRQVWDWDUHD vQF OF ULL
WUDWDWHORU GH OD 9HUVDLOOHV üL /RFDUQR GDU üL UH]ROYDUHD FUL]HL SULQ J VLUHD
XQXLFRPSURPLV$VWIHO6WRMDGLQRYLþSUHFL]D VI WXL L-LDWkWSHUHSUH]HQWDQ LL
IUDQFH]L FkW üL SH FHL JHUPDQL V IDF FRQFHVLL UHFLSURFH. În continuare, primul
ministru iugoslav preciza: UHSUH]HQWDQ LORU 0DULL %ULWDQLL V OH VSXQH L F QH
YRPVLWXDGHSDUWHDORUGDF $QJOLDYDILDWDFDW GH*HUPDQLDI U PRWLY'DF VH
YRU SURSXQH VDQF LXQL HFRQRPLFH FRQWUD *HUPDQLHL V IL L vPSRWULYD RULF URU
54
propuneri de acest gen. 1XY H[SXQH LvQGHFODUD LLvPSRWULYD*HUPDQLHLDüDFXP

QX DP I FXW-R QLFL vPSRWULYD ,WDOLHL $WUDJH L DWHQ LD OXL 7LWXOHVFX V QX IDF
GHFODUD LLvQQXPHOHQRVWUXI U RvPSXWHUQLFLUHSUHDODELO GLQSDUWHDQRDVWU FDV
QXILPREOLJD LvQFD]FRQWUDUV G PGH]PLQ LUL
ÍQ FLXGD vQFHUF ULL UHSUH]HQWDntului Iugoslaviei de a-i modera
OLPEDMXO OD PDUWLH vQ FXYkQWXO URVWLW OD 6RFLHWDWHD 1D LXQLORU
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parte din propria securitate226.
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UROXO GH RDPHQL SROLWLFL HXURSHQL SH FkQG HO SHUVRQDO F XWDVH V QX VH
amestece vQFRQIOLFWXOGLQWUHPDULOHSXWHUL(ODILUP vQWUHPLQHüLHLQXVHYD
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aceea de a împiedica reînvierea defunctei Austro-8QJDULL üL GH D VH LQWHU]LFH
restaurarea dinastiei haEVEXUJLFHvQ$XVWULDüLvQ8QJDULD'HDOWIHOVFRSXO0LFLL
ÍQ HOHJHULHUDDFHVWDüLQLPLFPDLPXOW227.
6WRMDGLQRYLþ FDUDFWHUL]D DWLWXGLQHD ,XJRVODYLHL OD FRQIHULQ D GH OD
/RQGUD GLQ SULP YDUD DQXOXL FD ILLQG UHDOLVW vQ QRXD FRQMXQFWXU
LQWHUQD LRQDO , deoarece: REVHUYkQG F YRP U PkQH VLQJXUL Q-DP DYXW DOW
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QRDVWUHGHYHVW,DUGLQSDUWHDU ]ERLQLFXOXLüLDQWL-iugoslavului Benito Mussolini
SXWHDLV WHDüWHS LODRULFH228.
$IODW OD %HOJUDG SHQWUX D SDUWLFLSD OD üHGLQ D &RQVLOLXOXL SHUPDQHQW
DO ÍQ HOHJHULL %DOFDQLFH -7 mai 1936), N. Titulescu a avut întrevederi cu
SULQFLSHOH3DXOüLSULPXOPLQLVWUX6WRMDGLQRYLþvQFXUVXOF URUDDDERUGDW
VWDGLXOUHOD LLORUGLSORPDWLFHGLQWUHFHOHGRX VWDWH
În timpul întâlnirii cu principele Paul, Titulescu a subliniat
QHFHVLWDWHD XQHL DOLDQ H SHUIHFWH URPkQR-LXJRVODYH vQ ID D unei propagande
DELOHI FXW ODQRLüLFKLDUvQ,XJRVODYLDFDUHODV V VHFUHDG F ,XJRVODYLDQ-ar
mai avea pHQWUX 0LFD ÍQ HOHJHUH VHQWLPHQWHOH GLQ WUHFXW. Diplomatul român a
VXV LQXW F XUPDUH D YL]LWHL OXL %HFN OD %HOJUDG üL D SUHüHGLQWHOXL
&RQVLOLXOXL GH PLQLüWUL DO 3RORQLHL OD %XGDSHVWD FDUH GHWHUPLQDVH
PDQLIHVW UL SX LQ FRPSDWLELOH DOLDQ HL QRDVWUH FX 3RORQLD üL FX UHOD LXQLOH
FRUHFWH FDUH H[LVWDX SH YUHPXUL vQWUH 3RORQLD üL &HKRVORYDFLD, se impunea o
PDQLIHVWDUH D VROLGDULW LL 0LFLL ÍQ HOHJHUL FX RFD]LD vQWUXQLULL GH OD
%XFXUHüWL GLQ LXQLH OD FDUH XUPDX V SDUWLFLSH üHILL GH VWDWH DL 0LFLL
ÍQ HOHJHUi)229.
55
7LWXOHVFX UHPDUFD R WHDP FUHVFkQG D ,XJRVODYLHL ID GH ,WDOLD üL

concluziona: ,XJRVODYLD WUHEXLH WUDWDW FX PXOWH PHQDMDPHQWH GDW ILLQG
SVLKRORJLDHLDFWXDO 230.
ÍQ FDGUXO VHVLXQLL &RQVLOLXOXL SHUPDQHQW DO 0LFLL ÍQ HOHJHUL GH OD
Belgrad din mai 193 D IRVW DERUGDW SUREOHPD UHLQWURGXFHULL VHUYLFLXOXL
PLOLWDUREOLJDWRULXvQ$XVWULD&HLWUHLDXKRW UkWV vQWUHSULQG XQGHPHUV
SH OkQJ JXYHUQHOH IUDQFH] üL HQJOH] SHQWUX D OH GHWHUPLQD SH DFHVWHD V
RE LQ DFRUGXO 9LHQHL GH QHJRFLHUH D DSOLF ULL OHJLi serviciului militar
REOLJDWRULX FX 0LFD ÍQ HOHJHUH 'DWH ILLQG OLSVD GH SUHWHQ LL WHULWRULDOH D
$XVWULHLüLQHYRLDGHVHFXULWDWH0LFDÍQ HOHJHUHHUDGLVSXV V SULYHDVF FX
EXQ YRLQ DFHVWHQHJRFLHULXUP ULQGRE LQHUHDXQXLUH]XOWDWIDYRUDELOÍQ
cazuO XQXL UHIX] DO $XVWULHL VWDWHOH 0LFLL ÍQ HOHJHUL VH YHGHDX REOLJDWH V
DGXF DFHDVW SUREOHP vQID D&RQVLOLXOXL6RFLHW LL1D LXQLORU6-DKRW UkW
GH DVHPHQHD DGRSWDUHD XQHL SR]L LL FRPXQH FX $QJOLD üL )UDQ D vQ WRDWH
SUREOHPHOH LQWHUQD LRQDOH LPSRUWDnte. În cazul unor disensiuni între cele
GRX PDUL SXWHUL ILHFDUH VWDW DO 0LFLL ÍQ HOHJHUL vüL UH]HUYD OLEHUWDWHD GH
DF LXQH vQ FRQIRUPLWDWH cu ceea ce va considera ca fiind cel mai util pentru
LQWHUHVHOHVDOHELQHvQ HOHVvQFDGUXO3DFWXOXL0LFLLÍQ HOHJHULüLGHDFRUGFXFHLODO L
PHPEULLDL0LFLLÍQ HOHJHUL231.
ÍQ FDGUXO vQWkOQLULL 0LFLL ÍQ HOHJHUL GH OD %XFXUHüWL GLQ LXQLH
Nicolae Titulescu le-D H[SXV SDUWHQHULORU GLQ DOLDQ QHFHVLWDWHD UHDOL] ULL
XQXL SDFW XQLF vQWUH )UDQ D üL 0LFD ÍQ HOHJHUH $WkW ,XJRVODYLD FkW üL
&HKRVORYDFLD DX IRVW GH DFRUG FX DFHDVW LQL LDWLY üHIXO GLSORPD LHL
URPkQHüWLILLQGPDQGDWDWV GLVFXWHFXJXYHUQXOIUDQFH]vQDFHVWVHQV
%HOJUDGXO D DEDQGRQDW UHSHGH DFHDVW LQL LDWLY UHVSLQJkQG LGHHD
SDFWXOXL FX )UDQ D 5HIHUindu-VH OD DFHDVW DWLWXGLQH 7LWXOHVFX UHPDUFD
IDSWXO F vQ WLPS FH HO DF LRQD DWkW vQ LQWHUHVXO 5RPkQLHL FkW üL vQ FHO DO
DOLD LORUGLQ0LFDÍQ HOHJHUHDFHüWLDDYHDXvQYHGHUHGRDULQWHUHVHOHSURSULL
'DWRULW DFHVWRUGLYHUJHQ HvQWUHPHPEULL0LFLLÍQ Hlegeri, Parisul a propus
FHORUWUHL ULvQFKHLHUHDXQXLSDFWGHDVLVWHQ vQWUH5RPkQLD,XJRVODYLDüL
&HKRVORYDFLD vQGUHSWDW FRQWUD RULF UXL DJUHVRU )UDQ D DQJDMkQGX-VH V
ULSRVWH]HvPSRWULYDRULF UHLWHU HS U LFDUHDUYLRODDFRUGXO
În toamna anului 1936 s-DSXVGLQQRXSUREOHPDUHDOL] ULLXQXLSDFW
XQLFFX0LFDÍQ HOHJHUHGDUSUREOHPDQXDIRVWDERUGDW SHQWUXDQXLVH
RIHUL*HUPDQLHLSUHWH[WXOGHDUHIX]DV SDUWLFLSHODQHJRFLHULOHLQL LDWHGH
F WUH/RQGUDüL3DULV
56
3DULVXODYHQLWvQV FXRQRX SURSXQHUHILLQGJDWDV VXV LQ SHGHR

SDUWH QHJRFLHULOH GLQWUH VWDWHOH 0LFLL ÍQ HOHJHUL SHQWUX vQFKHLHUHD SDFWXOXL
GH DVLVWHQ PXWXDO LDU SH GH DOW SDUWH QHJRFLHUL vQWUH )UDQ D üL 0LFD
ÍQ HOHJHUH SHQWUX UHDOL]DUHD XQXL DFRUG LGHQWLF ,XJRVODYLD D Uespins acest
GHPHUVSUHWH[WkQGF XQDVWIHOGHDFRUGDUG XQDUHOD LLORUHLFX*HUPDQLD
1RXD SURSXQHUH D 3DULVXOXL D YL]DW vQFKHLHUHD XQXL WUDWDW ]RQDO FDUH V
SUHILJXUH]H DFRUGXO SHQWUX (XURSD FHQWUDO SUHY ]XW vQ SDFWXO /DYDO –
Mussolini din 1935, dar,XJRVODYLDDUHIX]DWGLQQRX&HOHGRX SURSXQHUL
IUDQFH]HDXvQWkPSLQDWGHDOWIHOüLRSR]L LD5RPkQLHL
În opinia lui Nicolae Titulescu, în 1936 existau în cadrul Micii
ÍQ HOHJHUL WUHL FXUHQWH XQXO UHSUH]HQWDW GH &HKRVORYDFLD RULHQWDW VSUH
)UDQ D XQ DO GRLOHD UHSUH]HQWDW GH 5RPkQLD FX RULHQWDUH VSUH 3RORQLD üL
cel de-DOWUHLOHDLXJRVODYH[SULPDWGHVWUkQVHOHOHJ WXULDOH%HOJUDGului cu
Italia232.
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SURQXQ DWvPSRWULYDRULF URU revizuiri care l-DUILSXWXWDIHFWDSUHFL]kQGF DUW
WUHEXLDV -üLS VWUH]HFDUDFWHUXOXQLYHUVDOLDUSDUDJUDIXOWUHEXLDvQW ULW
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directorat european233 6DQF LXQLOH HFRQRPLFH WUHEXLD V U PkQ XQLYHUVDOH
solicitându-VH DEURJDUHD UH]ROX LLORU GLQ FDUH SHUPLWHDX DSOLFDUHD
VDQF LXQLORUvQHWDSHFHHDFHFRQVWLWXLVHFDX]DLQVXFFHVXOXLSROLWLFLL6RFLHW LL
1D LXQLORUID GH,WDOLD0LFDÍQ HOHJHUHSURQXQ kQGX-se în IDYRDUHDDSOLF ULL
VDQF LXQLORUvQEORFGHODvQFHSXW234.
Referindu-VH OD UHOD LLOH 0LFLL ÍQ HOHJHUL FX8566 ,WDOLD üL *HUPDQLD
PLQLVWUXO DGMXQFW GH H[WHUQH LXJRVODY GHFODUD OD DXJXVW F HUD
QHFHVDU R DEVROXW VROLGDULWDWH D FHORU WUHL DOLD L vQ Fazul în care vom fi
VWLQJKHUL Lde cele trei puteri235.
,]EXFQLUHDU ]ERLXOXLFLYLOvQ6SDQLDDFRPSOLFDWüLPDLPXOWVLWXD LD
LQWHUQD LRQDO
Analizându-VH SUREOHPD VSDQLRO vQ FDGUXO vQWkOQLULL GLQWUH 9
$QWRQHVFX üL 0 6WRMDGLQRYLþ üHIXO GLSORPD LHL URPkQHüWL VXEOLQLD F
5RPkQLD XUPD V LD P VXULOH QHFHVDUH SHQWUX LQWHU]LFHUHD H[SRUWXOXL üL D
WUDQ]LWXOXL GH DUPDPHQW SULQ WHULWRULXO V X GHVWLQDW DFHVWXL IURQW
6WRMDGLQRYLþ D DU WDW F GHüL ,XJRVODYLD DFFHSWDVH SURSXQHULOH JXYHUQXOXL
francez, nu luase nicL SkQ vQ DFHO PRPHQW QLFL R P VXU vQ YHGHUHD
LPSXQHULLHPEDUJRXOXLGHDUPDPHQW7UHEXLDY ]XWSUHFL]DHOFHP VXUL
DGRSWDVH&HKRVORYDFLDvQDFHDVW SULYLQ
57
ÍQWLPSXODFHOHLDüLvQWUHYHGHULDIRVWOXDWvQGLVFX LHDFRUGXODXVWUR–
german. Stojadinoviþ FRQVLGHUD F ,WDOLD D LPSXOVLRQDW FHOH GRX S U L V
vQFKHLHDFRUGXOvQGRULQ DGHDVHvQ HOHJHFX*HUPDQLDüLGHD-üLDVLJXUD
VSDWHOH vQ PRPHQWXO DQJDM ULL DIDFHULL DELVLQLHQH $FRUGXO HUD SURILWDELO
SHQWUX*HUPDQLDLDU,XJRVODYLDDYHDGRX PRWLYHGHVDWLVIDF LH$XVWULDQX
mai constituia o Albanie la nordul statului iugoslav iar eventualitatea
vQWRDUFHULL +DEVEXUJLORU IXVHVH vQO WXUDW ÍQWUHEDW GH 9 $QWRQHVFX GDF
prefera Anschluss-XO UHVWDXU ULL +DEVEXUJLORU 6WRMDGLQRYLþ D U VSXQV
DILUPDWLY GHüL VXV LQHD F 0LFD ÍQ HOHJHUH WUHEXLD V GXF vQ SULYLQ D
$XVWULHL DFHHDüL SROLWLF GH SkQ DWXQFL DGLF DS UDUHD LQGHSHQGHQ HL
acesteia.
2PXOSROLWLFLXJRVODYDU WDvQFRQWH[WXOGLVFXW ULLUDSRUWXULORUFHORU
GRX VWDWH FX PDULOH SXWHUL F %HOJUDGXO QX VH RSXQHD XQHL EXQH UHOD LL
%XFXUHüWL – 0RVFRYD FX FRQGL LD V QX L VH VROLFLWH R DWLWXGLQH
DVHP Q WRDUHID GH8566
6WRMDGLQRYLþ VH vPSRWULYHD DFRUGXULORU vQGUHSWDWH FRQWUD PDULORU
SXWHUL GRULQG UHOD LL EXQH FX *HUPDQLD FDUH HUD OD PRPHQWXO UHVSHFWLY
VLQJXUD DU FDUHPDLLPSRUWDP UIXULGLQ,XJRVODYLD%HOJUDGXOGRUHDvQDFHODüL
WLPS DPHOLRUDUHD UHOD LLORU FX ,WDOLD 3RWULYLW DILUPD LLORU OXL 6WRMDGLQRYLþ
,XJRVODYLDQXSXWHDV VHDQJDMH]HvQWU-un conflict armat contra Germaniei
üL ,WDOLHL I U D IL VLJXU GH VSULMLQXO )UDQ HL üL $QJOLHL FKLDU üL DFHVW SDV
WUHEXLQGELQHFkQW ULW
3ULPXO PLQLVWUX LXJRVODY üL-D DILUPDW FUHGLQ D vQ 3DFWXO 6RFLHW LL
1D LXQLORU QHDFFHSWkQG QLFL R VFKLPEDUH D SUHYHGHULORU DFHVWXLD FDUH V
GXF ODVO ELUHDRUJDQL]D LHLGH la Geneva.
ÍQSODQXOUHOD LLORUFX8QJDULD6WRMDGLQRYLþFRQVLGHUDF XQXLDQXQ
DO%XGDSHVWHLSULYLQGUHvQDUPDUHDWUHEXLDV LVHU VSXQG SULQGHQXQ DUHD
WUDWDWXOXL PLQRULW LORU üL P VXUL vQ SULYLQ D UHJLPXOXL 'XQ ULL LDU 0LFD
ÍQ HOHJHUH SXWHD OXD P VXUL PLOLWDUH vQ FD]XO UHvQDUP ULL8QJDULHL GRDU vQ
FD]XO vQ FDUH DU IL DYXW DVLJXUDW QHXWUDOLWDWHD *HUPDQLHL üL ,WDOLHL RSLQLH
vPS UW üLW üLGH9$QWRQHVFX236.
/D %XGDSHVWDvQ DFHDVW SHULRDG JXYHUQDQ LL PDJKLDUL vQFHUFDX V
VSDUJ DOLDQ D URPkQR – iugoslavo – FHKRVORYDF $VWIHO DPEDVDGRUXO
URPkQ OD %XGDSHVWD 5DXO %RV\ UHODWD F 8QJDULD PDQLIHVWD R RVWLOLWDWH
IHUP vPSRWULYD 0LFLL ÍQ HOHJHUL 'DF DGYHUVLWDWHD ID GH 5RPkQLD üL
&HKRVORYDFLD HUD QHGLVLPXODW ,XJRVODYLHL vQF GLQ WLPSXO OXL *RPERV i
VHI FHDXQHFRQWHQLWHDYDQVXUL$VWIHODPEDVDGRUXOLXJRVODYvQ8QJDULDvL
58
UHODWD RPRORJXOXL V X URPkQF VH VLP HD UHDOPHQWHMHQDW GH D IL WUDWDW FD
preferatul ungurilor FDUH QX VH VILDX V YRUEHDVF FKLDU GH R XQLXQH
SHUVRQDO XQJDUR-LXJRVODY 237.
La Bratislava, între 13- VHSWHPEULH PLQLüWULL GH H[WHUQH DL
0LFLLÍQ HOHJHULüL-DXH[SULPDWUHJUHWXOID GHvQF OFDUHDGHF WUH$XVWULDD
SUHYHGHULORU PLOLWDUH DOH WUDWDWHORU GH SDFH GH OD 6DLQW *HUPDLQ )D GH
U ]ERLXOFLYLOGLQ6SDQLDFHLWUHLV-auSURQXQ DWSHQWUXRSROLWLF GHVWULFW
neutralitate. S-D VXEOLQLDW vQ DFHODüL WLPS F 0LFD ÍQ HOHJHUH YD FRQWLQXD
SROLWLFDVDGHDVLJXUDUHDS FLLJHQHUDOHüLFROHFWLYHDO WXUkQGX-se în acest
VHQV HIRUWXULORU 6RFLHW LL 1D LXQLORU238. 5RPkQLD üi Iugoslavia au avut
puncte de vedere comune, VXVWLQkQG F ceOH WUHL VWDWH DOLDWH WUHEXLDX V -üL
ofere sprijin doar în cazulXQXLDWDFPDJKLDUUHSUH]HQWDQ LLFHKLDXGRULWR
DF LXQH FRPXQ vQ ID D RULF rei agresiuni externe)239. De fapt la intâlnirea
Micii Antante de OD%UDWLVODYDGLIHUHQ ele politice GLQLQWHULRUXORUJDQL]D iei
au devenit evidente. Intrigile iugoslavilor contra lui N. Titulescu i-au
GHWHUPLQDWSHURPkQLüLSHFHKLV GHYLQ WRWPDLVXVSLFLRüLID GHOLSVDGH
ORLDOLWDWH D DOLD ilor lor. Ca R GRYDG a adYHUVLW ii pe care o aveau
StoiaGLQRYLF VL SULQ XO 3DXO ID de N. Titulescu, Paul l-a etichetat pe
diplomatul român ca fiind ,,agent al lui Litvinov”240. Stoiadinovic a respins
SODQXULOH RPRORJXOXL VDX URPkQ GDWRULW IDSWXOXL F )UDQ D üi-a pierdut
mult din prestigiul pe care îl avusese în Iugoslavia din cauza crizei Rinului,
RPXO SROLWLF LXJRVODY ILLQG FRQüWLHQW F Benes, Krofta si Titulescu vor
recomanda încheierea unui pDFW LQWUH )UDQ D üL 0LFD $QWDQW (O HUD GH
S UHUH F vQ HOHJHUHD D GHYHQLW DQDFURQLF vQ (XURSD FH vncepea tot mai
PXOW VD GHYLQ GRPLQDW de Hitler. Dupa demiterea lui Titulescu,
Stoiadinovic, cu ajutorul României, a distrus dinamismul Micii Antante,
refuzând negocierea atât a unui pact Franta-0LFD ÍQ HOHJHUH FkW üi a unui
pact de ajutor reciproc încheiat în interiorXODOLDQ HL'XS YL]LWDOXL%HFNOD
Belgrad în mai 1936, Stoiadinovic aFRODERUDWFXSRORQH]LLSHGRX SODQXUL
U sturnarea lui N7LWXOHVFXGLQIUXQWHDGLSORPD LHLURPkQHüLvQWHPHLHUHD
XQXL EORF FDUH V QX VH DQJDMH]H QLFL ID GH DOLDQ a franco-sovieWLF QLFL
ID de Germania241.
Demiterea lui Nicolae Titulescu din frunte Ministerului de Externe al
5RPkQLHL D GXV üi la unHOH PRGLILF ri ale strategiei politicii externe
URPkQHüWL %XFXUHüWLXO D FRQVLGHUDW F JUDQL HOH ULL YRU IL FHO PDL ELQH
DS rateSULQDGRSWDUHDXQHLGLUHF LLGHQHXWUDOLWDWHQHRILFLDO üLGHSULHWHQLH
ID GH WRDWH PDULOH SXWHUL 6H DYHD vQ YHGHUH FRQVROLGDUHD WUHSWDW D
59
UHOD iilor FX$QJOLDSHQWUXDFRPSHQVDVO ELUHD)UDQ HLSUHFXPüLvQW ULUHD

UHOD iilor cu Germania. Din 1936 guvernul român s-DDU WDWGHVFKLVID GH
Berlin, încercând nXQXPDLDYDQWDMHHFRQRPLFHFLüLRSRWHQ LDO SURWHF LH
vQ ID D 0RVFRYHL VDX D SUHWHQ iilor teritoriale ale Ungariei242. Dup 1935
LQIOXHQ D HFRQRPLF IUDQFH] HUD în declin în estul Europei, ca urmare a
LQFDSDFLW LL 3DULVXOXL GH D DMXWD ULOH DJUDUH vn timpul crizei economice.
Concomitent Germania erD VLQJXUD DU FDSDELO üi dornLF V DEVRDUE
UHVXUVHOH DJULFROH üi materiile prime ale României, în schimbul bunurilor
industriale243. În aceste condL ii în iarna anului 1936-UHOD LLOHURPkQR-
germane s-DX vPEXQ W LW *XYHUQXO URPkn nu mai putea fi sigur de
DMXWRUXODQXPLWRUDOLD Lvn eventualitatea unei agresiuni contra României244.
ÍQSULYLQ D,XJRVODYLHL%HUOLQXOGRUHDV VO EHDVF unitatea MiFLLÍQ elegeri
SULQ DWUDJHUHD %HOJUDGXOXL vQ VIHUD HFRQRPLF JHUPDQ $VWIHO vQ
*HUPDQLD UHXüLVH V vnlocuiasF SXWHULOH RFFLGHQWDOH vn calitatea lor de
principal partener economic al Iugoslaviei. Acest fapt va avea puternice
LPSOLFD ii asupra politiciL H[WHUQH D %HOJUDGXOXL GH OD PLMORFXO üL VIkUüitul
anilRU FRQWULEXLQG FRQFRPLWHQW üi OD VXEPLQDUHD XQLW LL 0LFLL
ÍQ elegeri245. În acest context, lDGHFHPEULHDXWRULW LOHLXJRVODYHO-au
informat pe Victor Antonescu despre propunerea guvernului bulgar de a
vQFKHLD FX ,XJRVODYLD XQ SDFW GH DPLFL LH üL DX VROLFLWDW %XFXUHüWLXOXL
SXQFWXO GH YHGHUH URPkQHVF DVXSUD DFHVWHL VLWXD LL ÍQ U VSXQVXO V X
PLQLVWUXOGHH[WHUQHURPkQDVXJHUDWFDSUREOHPDV ILHGLVFXWDW în cadrul
RIHULWGHÍQ HOHJHUHD%DOFDQLF
6WDWHOH ÍQ HOHJHULL %DOFDQLFH DX DYXW UHDF LL GLIHULWH vQ ID D DFHVWXL
proiect: Turcia l-DDFFHSWDWQHFRQGL LRQDW*UHFLDvODFFHSWDVXEUH]HUYDXQHL
GHFODUD LL YHUEDOH D JXYHUQXOXL LXJRVODY FDUH G GHD DVLJXU UL F SDFWXO
EDOFDQLF üL KRW UkULOH XOWHULRDUH DOH DFHVWHL DOLDQ H QX YRU IL VO ELWH LDU
5RPkQLD FRQGL LRQD DFRUGXO V X GH WULPLWHUHD SUHDODELO D XQHL QRWH
DGUHVDW JXYHUQHORU VWDWHORU EDOFDQLFH SULQ FDUH JXYHUQXO LXJRVODY V
GHFODUHF DFRUGXOFX%XOJDULDnu va aduce nici o atingere angajamentelor
ÍQ HOHJHULL%DOFDQLFH
ÍQ FLUFXODUD WULPLV DPEDVDGRUXOXL LXJRVODY GH OD /RQGUD
6WRMDGLQRYLþ DU WD F D IRVW vQWkPSLQDW GH F WUH JXYHUQXO URPkQ cu
QHvQ HOHJHUH üL DSURDSH FX QHvQFUHGHUH vQ FLXGD IDSWXOXL F HO HUD GLVSXV V
GHFODUHvQVFULVILHF UXLPHPEUXvQSDUWHDOÍQ HOHJHULL%DOFDQLFHF SHQWUX
Iugoslavia Pactul balcanic YDU PkQHvQFRQWLQXDUHGHFHDPDLPDUHLPSRUWDQ .
60
Pentru a avea asentimentul guvernului român ministrul de externe

WXUF D IRVW UXJDW V PHGLH]H SH OkQJ DFHVWD GDU QLFL vQ XUPD DFHVWXL
GHPHUV GLSORPDWLF %XFXUHüWLXO QX D SULYLW FX RFKL EXQL SURLHFWDWXO DFRUG
iugoslavo-EXOJDU &D R XOWLP vQFHUFDUH GH D RE LQH DFFHSWXO 5RPkQLHL
premierul iugoslav s-DGHSODVDWOD%XFXUHüWLvQSHULRDGD– 28 decembrie
GDUüLDFHDVW LQL LDWLY DHüXDW
Acordul de prietenie iugoslavo – bulgar a fost semnat la 24 ianuarie
OD %HOJUDG I U FD ,XJRVODYLD V vQGHSOLQHDVF FRQGL LLOH FHUXWH GH
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îndepartarea Belgradului de Cehoslovacia258. Istoricul Gligor Popi
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aliante259. ÍQ DOW ordine de idei, primul ministru iugoslav a declarat în
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Italia260.
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& OXFUXULOHQXVW WHDXFKLDUDüDDGRYHGLW-o si vizita pe care a întreprins-o
la începutul lunii iunie la Belgrad ministrul de externe german Konstantin
von 1HXUDWK QLFL GH GDWD DFHDVWD %HOJUDGXO QX üL-a informat din timp
DOLD LLGHVSUHDFHVWHYHQLPHQW267.
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fundamentale ale pactului. S-D UHDILUPDW QHXWUDOLWDWHD DOLDQ HL ID GH
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regimul politic.
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GLQQRXSUH]HQW SHRUGLQHDGH]LFHLWUHLDXFRQFOX]LRQDWF QLFLXQQRX
pact nu ar putea contribui efectiv la instaurarea unui climat de pace în
(XURSDGHFkWvQDFRUGFXXQVLVWHPGHVHFXULWDWHFDUHV DVLJXUHVLPXOWDQ
SDFHDüLvQDOWHUHJLXQL
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DILUPkQG F FHOH WUHL VWDWH DOLDWH nu vor neglija nici un prilej spre a-üL DU WD
EXQ YRLQ DvQDFHDVW SULYLQ 268.
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67
SULHWHQLD ,XJRVODYLHL FX %XOJDULD üL ,WDOLD DU WUHEXL V VH OLPLWH]H OD
asigurarea echilibrului balcanic existent la momentul respectiv269.
3RWULYLW OXL 9 & GHUH 6WRMDGLQRYLþ SULYHD FX VLPSDWLH JXYHUQHOH
DXWRULWDUHGDUWUHEXLDV LQ VHDPDvQDFHODüLWLPSGHVXJHVWLLOH/RQGUHLüL
Parisului, care nu-i erau totdeauna agreabile270.
ÍQWUHWLPSJXYHUQXOLXJRVODYüL-a continuat politica deDSURSLHUHID
GH,WDOLDüL*HUPDQLD$VWIHOvQWUH–GHFHPEULHüHIXOJXYHUQXOXL
GH OD %HOJUDG D vQWUHSULQV R YL]LW RILFLDO vQ ,WDOLD &X DFHVW SULOHM
6WRMDGLQRYLþL-DLQIRUPDWSH0XVVROLQLüLSH&LDQRF pentru viitor, oricare ar
ILVLWXD LDSROLWLF ,XJRVODYLDQXVHYDDIODQLFLRGDW vQWDE UDLQDPLF ,WDOLHL271. La
5RPDSUHPLHUXOLXJRVODYDGHFODUDWF UHOD LLOHFX*UHFLDüL7XUFLDQXHUDX
GLQWUH FHOH PDL EXQH XUPkQG FD vQ YLLWRU V VLQFURQL]H]H SR]L LD ID GH
aceste state cu cea a Italiei272.
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vPSRWULYD RULF UHL H[SDQVLXQL JHUPDQH vQ (XURSD FHQWUDO GDU 5RPD QX
PDL SXWHD DGRSWD DWLWXGLQHD I Lü GLQ WUHFXW &HUFXULOH SROLWLFH LWDOLHQH
DILUPD 6WRMDGLQRYLþ vQWUHYHGHDX QHFHVLWDWHD UHDOL] ULL XQHL OLQLL FDUH V
XQHDVF 9DUüRYLD %XFXUHüWLXO %HOJUDGXO HYHQWXDO 3UDJD üL 5RPD I U D
H[FOXGHvQV %XGDSHVWDSHFDUH,WDOLDQXRSXWHDDEDQGRQD$FHDVW DOLDQ
avea avantajul V DILUPHLQWHUHVHOHSURSULLDOHDFHVWHLUHJLXQLID GHRULFHWHQGLQ
GHVXERUGRQDUHGLQSDUWHDXQRUYHFLQLSUHDSXWHUQLFLID GHILHFDUH DU vQSDUWH.
ÍQYHGHUHDUHDOL] ULLDFHVWXLSODQ8QJDULDWUHEXLDRSULW V LQWUHFRPSOHWvQ
orbita Germaniei, Mussolini considerând astfel destinderea dintre
%XGDSHVWD üL 0LFD ÍQ HOHJHUH FD ILLQG DEVROXW QHFHVDU 3HQWUX DFFHOHUDUHD
GHVWLQGHULLGLQWUHFHOHGRX S U L5RPDvQFHWDV vQFXUDMH]HUHYL]LRQLVPXO
PDJKLDUFHUkQGJXYHUQXOXLGHOD%XGDSHVWDV GHDGRYDG GHPRGHUD LH
6WRMDGLQRYLþHUDGHDFRUGFXXWLOLWDWHDDFHVWXLSODQ(ODUHODWDWF ´,O
Duce” aprecia prietenia româno-LXJRVODY üL FRQVLGHUD vQW ULUHD UHOD LLORU
româno-SRORQH]HFDILLQGGHRLPSRUWDQ LQWHUQD LRQDO GHRVHELW 273.
5RPkQLD,XJRVODYLDüL3RORQLDLQWHQ LRQDXV VWDELOHDVF RIRUP GH
QHXWUDOLWDWHDVHP Q toare celei declarate de Belgia la 14 octombrie 1936274.
În anii 1936- 0LFD ÍQ HOHJHUH HUD GLQ FH vQ FH PDL GH]ELQDW .
CehoslovaciD I FHD SDUWH GLQ VLVtemul de securitate franco-VRYLHWLF üL VH
WHPHD GH SRWHQ LDOHOH SUHWHQ ii teritoriale ale Germaniei. 5RPkQLD üL
,XJRVODYLD HUDX vQFOLQDWH V SULYHDVF favorabil spre Germania ca o
FRQWUDSRQGHUHID de pericolul sovieticGDUüi ca urPDUHDXQRUUD iuni de
RUGLQ HFRQRPLF 'HüL DX U mas unite contra revizionismului maghiar,
68
necesitatea de a-üL vPEXQ W L UHOD iile cu Berlinul devenise din 1936 un

IDFWRULPSRUWDQWvQOXDUHDGHFL]LLORUGHSROLWLF exteUQ DOHFHORUGRX state
aliate275. Într-un UDSRUW vQWRFPLW GH F WUH GLSORPDWXOXL URPkn Nicolae
Petrescu Comnen DFHVWD FUHGHD F Germania asigurase deja integritatea
WHULWRULDO a Iugoslavia, sub forma unui tratat secret sau a unui acord de
onoare276.
A urmat vizita la Berlin pe care premierul iugoslav a întreprins-o în
LDQXDULH$LFLHODGHFODUDWF Regatul Iugoslaviei nu va adera la nic un
EORFüLQX-üLYDasuma nici un fel de angajamente îndreptate împotriva Germaniei.
ÍQ SULYLQ D UHOD LLORU LXJRVODYR-ungare Hitler a manifestat un deosebit
LQWHUHV ID GH GRULQ D OXL 6WRMDGLQRYLþ FD *HUPDQLD V MRDFH UROXO GH
PHGLDWRU üL V JDUDQWH]H QRUPDOL]DUHD UHOD LLORU GLQWUH FHOH GRX S U L
Cancelarul german l-DDVLJXUDWSHRDVSHWHOHV XF QXDYHDQLFLRSUHWHQ LH
WHULWRULDO ID GH ]RQD 0 ULL $GULDWLFH üL GH %DOFDQL 7RWRWGDW OLGHUXO
JHUPDQ D LQXW V SUHFL]H]H F YD UHVSHFWD LQYLRODELOLWDWHD IURQWLHUHORU
IugoslavLHL&HOHGRX S U LDXDQDOL]DWüLSUREOHPDDXVWULDF 6WRMDGLQRYLþ
GHFODUkQG F ,XJRVODYLD FRQVLGHU SUREOHPD DXVWULDF GUHSW R FKHVWLXQH VWULFW
LQWHUQ D SRSRUXOXL JHUPDQ277 'HVLJXU FHOH GRX YL]LWH L-DX vQW ULW
FRQYLQJHUHDOXL6WRMDGLQRYLþF SROLWLFDH[WHUQ SHFDUHRGXFHDHUDFRUHFW
LDU VWUkQJHUHD OHJ WXULORU GLQWUH DUD VD üL *HUPDQLD üL ,WDOLD XUPDu V
DVLJXUHLQGHSHQGHQ D,XJRVODYLHL
5DSRDUWHOH GLSORPDWLFH DOH /HJD LLORU 5RPkQLHL &HKRVORYDFLHL üL
*UHFLHL OD %HUOLQ H[SULP vQJULMRUDUH ID GH YL]LWD OXL 6WRMDGLQRYLþ vQ
Germania278.
În România, la începutul anului 1938, a fost adus la putere un guvern
FX QXDQ e de extrHP GUHDSWD FRQGXV GH F WUH 2FWDYLDQ *RJD ÍQ
WHOHJUDPD GH DQXO QRX WULPLV OXL +LWOHU QRXO SUHPLHU URPkQ vüL H[SULPD
KRW UkUHDGHDPHQ LQHEXQHUHOD ii cu Germania, dar aceasta depindea de
UHFXQRDüWHUHD GH F WUH %HUOLQ D LQWHJULW LL WHULWRULDOH D 5RPkniei. La
începutul nouOXLDQ&DURODO,OHDVHSURQXQ DSHQWUXVXV LQHUHDDOLDQ HORU
WUDGL LRQDOH DOH 5RPkQLHL FD üL SHQWUX H[WLQGHrea rHOD LLORU vQ WRDWH
GLUHF LLOH ConcluzionânG JXYHUQXO *RJD D I FXW SUHD SX in pentru a
accelera procesul de apropiere de Germania279. Noul ministru de externe
român din guvernul condus de Octavian Goga, Istrate Micescu, a vizitat în
6-7 ianuarie 1938 BeOJUDGXO XQGH D DYXW FRQYRUELUL FX UHJHQWXO 3DXO üL
primul-PLQLVWUX6WRMDGLQRYLþ0LFHVFXDH[SXVSXQFWXOGHYHGHUHDOQRXOXL
JXYHUQ URPkQ UHODWLY OD SULQFLSDOHOH SUREOHPH LQWHUQD LRQDOH ÍQWUH FHOH
69
GRX S U L V-D FRQVWDWDW R SHUIHFW FRQFRUGDQ vQ SULYLQ D RUGLQLL GH ]L D
VHVLXQLL6RFLHW LL1D LXQLORUGHOD*HQHYD
3UHPLHUXO LXJRVODY D DILUPDW FX DFHVW SULOHM F SULHWHQLD ULL VDOH FX
%XOJDULDHUDWRWDWkWGHSUH LRDV FDüLFHDFX,WDOLDVDX)UDQ D280.
ÍQWLPSXOvQWkOQLULLGLQLDQXDULHFX9& GHUH6WRMDGLQRYLþüL-
D H[SULPDW FRQYLQJHUHD F +LWOHU DYHD LQWHQ LL SDFLILVWH vQDUPDUHD
*HUPDQLHL ILLQG QHFHVDU SHQWUX DILUPDUHD SUHVWLJLXOXL GH PDUH SXWHUH üL
SHQWUX D RE LQH XQ WUDWDPHQW HJDO vQWUH PDULOH SXWHUL ÍQ XUPD DFHVWHL
FRQYRUELUL & GHUH FRQFOX]LRQD F GDF vQ SULYLQ D UHOD LLORU HFRQRPLFH
germano-LXJRVODYH 6WRMDGLQRYLþ D DYXW R VHULH GH VXFFHVH vQ SODQ SROLWLF
,XJRVODYLD YD WUHEXL V VH DFRPRGH]H FX Anschluss-XO LQHYLWDELO üL FX R
GHSHQGHQ WRWPDLHYLGHQW D5RPHLID GH%HUOLQ281.
La încHSXWXO OXL IHEUXDULH üHIXO 0DUHOXL 6WDW 0DMRU LXJRVODY
DU WD F DUD VD DYHD GDWRULD GH D LQWHUYHQL PLOLWDU GRDU vQ FD]XULOH
SUHY ]XWHvQFRQYHQ LLOHPLOLWDUHSHFDUHOHvQFKHLDVHGDUDF URUDSOLFDUHR
FRQVLGHUDDILLSRWHWLF GHRDUHFHHUDJUHXGHFUH]XWF %XOJDULDVLQJXU VDX
vPSUHXQ FX $OEDQLD üL 8QJDULD DU DWDFD YUHRGDW *XYHUQXO iugoslav
excludea în mod deliberat, sublinia liderul militar iugoslav, orice
SDUWLFLSDUHDVDvQDOWHLSRVWD]HFDUHHUDXWRWXüLSRVLELOHILHvQXUPDXQRU
LQWHUYHQ ii directe a unor puteri ca URSS, Italia sau chiar Germania, fie a
DFHVWRUD vPSUHXQ FX ULOH YL]DWH vQ DFRUGXULOH H[LVWHQWH 8QJDULD üL
%XOJDULD %HOJUDGXO XUP UHD R QHXWUDOLWDWH FkW PDL SUHOXQJLW üL vQ RULFH
FD] QHDQJDMDUHD DQWLFLSDW D ,XJRVODYLHL pe nici unul din tablourile marilor
puteriûHIXOOHJD LHLURPkQHGHOD%HOJUDGFRQVLGHUDF 5RPkQLDWUHEXLDV
LQ FRQWGHDFHDVW DWLWXGLQHD,XJRVODYLHLvQHYHQWXDOLWDWHDL]EXFQLULLXQXL
FRQIOLFWFHSHULFOLWDLQWHUHVHOHURPkQHüWL282.
Iugoslavia a respinVüLLGHHDFRQYRF ULLXQHLVHVLXQLD0LFLLÍQ HOHJHUL
considerând-R FD ILLQG LQRSRUWXQ SXWkQG D IL LQWHUSUHWDW FD R OXDUH GH
DWLWXGLQHvQFRQMXQFWXUDSROLWLF DFWXDO 6WRMDGLQRYLþDILUPkQGF HUDQHFHVDU
FDOXFUXULOHV ILHO VDWHV VHWDVH]H283.
TotuüL vQWUH -27 februarie 1938 la Ankara a avut loc Consiliul
SHUPDQHQW DO ÍQ HOHJHULL %DOFDQLFH FDUH D DQDOL]DW vQ GHWDOLX SUREOHPD
UHvQDUP ULL %XOJDULHL 6-D FRQVWDW F DFHDVWD VH SHWUHFXVH I U DFRUGXO
QLP QXL 6WRMDGLQRYLþ D GHSXV WRDWH HIRUWXULOH SHQtru a-i determina pe
FHLODO L PHPEULL DL ÍQ HOHJHULL %DOFDQLFH V UHFXQRDVF %XOJDULHL DFHOHDüL
GUHSWXULvQSULYLQ DvQDUP ULL284.
70
La începutul anului 1938 Germania a concentrat puternice efective

militare la frontiera cu Austria. Cancelarul austriac Kurt Schuschnigg a
URVWLWODIHEUXDULHXQGLVFXUVvQIDüD'LHWHLIHGHUDOHvQFDUHV-DSURQXQ DW
SHQWUX RUJDQL]DUHD XQXL SOHELVFLW VXE OR]LQFD ´3HQWUX R $XVWULH OLEHU üL
LQGHSHQGHQW µ ,QL LDWLYD DFHDVWD O-D GHWHUPLQDW SH +LWOHU V RUGRQH
invadarea Austriei. La 11 martie cancelarul austriac a demisionat iar
SUHüHGLQWHOHUHSXEOLFLL:LOKHOP0LNODVO-DvQV UFLQDWSHQD LRQDO-socialistul
6H\VV ,QTXDUW V IRUPH]H QRXO JXYHUQ285. La 13 martie Hitler a intrat în
9LHQDvQWLPSFHWUXSHOHVDOHRFXSDXvQWUHDJD DU
ItDOLDDDSUREDWLQL LDWLYD%HUOLQXOXLvQWLPSFH$QJOLDüL)UDQ DV-au
limitat la proteste diplomatice. Anschluss-ul reprezenta primul pas al
*HUPDQLHLvQPDUüXOVSUHHVWXOüLVXG-estul Europei, trupele sale ajungând
la frontiera de vest a Cehoslovaciei, pULQFLSDOXO DOLDW DO 5RPkQLHL üL
Iugoslaviei286.
ÍQ WLPSXO FUL]HL DXVWULHFH 6WRMDGLQRYLþ L-D GHFODUDW OXL 9 & GHUH F
JXYHUQXO V X FRQVLGHUDVH $QVFKOXVV-ul inevitabil. Iugoslavia nu avea nici
un motiv pentru a-OIDYRUL]DüLQLFLGHD-l combate. Atitudinea LXJRVODY D
LQXWFRQWüLGHSR]L LLOHDGRSWDWHGHPDULOHSXWHUL$QJOLDüL)UDQ DQXDX
LQL LDWQLFLRDF LXQHFRQWUD$QVFKOXVV-XOXLvQWLPSFH,WDOLDGDWRULW OLSVHL
GH vQ HOHJHUH DU WDWH GH $QJOLD üL )UDQ D vQ SUREOHPD HWLRSLDQ F XWD
sprijinul GermaQLHL$XVWULDvQDFHODüLWLPSQXvüLH[SULPDVHGHORFGRULQ D
de a-üLDS UDLQGHSHQGHQ D6WRMDGLQRYLþVXEOLQLDF %HOJUDGXOQXVHVLP HD
DPHQLQ DWGHSUH]HQ D*HUPDQLHLODIURQWLHUDVDGHQRUGSULPLQGDVLJXU UL
IRUPDOH GH OD +LWOHU üL *RHULQJ vQ SULYLQ D LQWHJULW LL IURQWLHUHORU VDOH ÍQ
DFHDVW VLWXD LHJXYHUQXOLXJRVODYDOXDWWRDWHSUHFDX LLOHSRVLELOHSHQWUXD
nu provoca blocul german în formare sau Italia.
3UHPLHUXOLXJRVODYHUDIHUPFRQYLQVF +LWOHUQXYDGHS üLIURQWLHUHOH
Austriei din acel moPHQWRULFHvQFHUFDUHGHDFHVWJHQJ VLQG,XJRVODYLDüL
Italia într-RDOLDQ QDWXUDO ODFDUHV-DUDO WXUD)UDQ DüL$QJOLDDOHF URU
LQWHUHVH FRORQLDOH DU IL IRVW DPHQLQ DWH *XYHUQXO LXJRVODY D LQWHU]LV vQ
DFHODüLWLPSLQWUDUHDHYUHLORUDXVWULHFLSHWHULWRULXOV X6WRMDGLQRYLþDSUHFLD
VLWXD LD&HKRVODRYDFLHLvQDFHOPRPHQWFDILLQGJUDY 287.
/D PDUWLH JXYHUQXO LXJRVODY vL LQIRUPD SH ]LDULüWLL VWU LQL
DFUHGLWD L OD %HOJUDG F ,XJRVODYLD vüL YD UHVSHFWD FX VWULFWH H SR]L LD GH
QHXWUDOLWDWH ID GH HYHQLPHQWHOH GLQ $XVWULD GLQ XUP WRDUHOH PRWLYH
rezolvarea problemei austriece era o chestiune a poporului german, care
avea dreptul de a-üLKRW UvVLQJXUVRDUWDLDUSUREOHPDHFKLOLEUXOXLGHIRU H
71
GH SH DUHQD LQWHUQD LRQDO ILLQG R FKHVWLXQH FH LQWHUHVa marile puteri.
%HOJUDGXOvüLPDQLIHVWDVDWLVIDF LDF GDWRULW SROLWLFLLVDOHID GH*HUPDQLD
DYHDODJUDQL HOHVDOHSULHWHQLüLQXGXüPDQL288.
Întâlnindu-VHFXüHILLJUXSXULORUSDUODPHQWDUHLXJRVODYHSUHPLHUXOD
GHFODUDWF JXYHUQXOV XQXDGH]DSUREDt Anschluss-XOGDWRULW IDSWXOXLF
ODED]DOXLDVWDWSULQFLSLXOQD LRQDOLW LORUSULQFLSLXSHFDUHVHIRUPDVHüL
Iugoslavia. Belgradul nu a întreprins nimic contra Germanie deoarece nici
XQD GLQ PDULOH SXWHUL QX D DF LRQDW vQ IDYRDUHD $XVWULHL Nici eu nu sunt
HQWX]LDVPDW GH QRXD VLWXD LH DU WD SUHPLHUXO LXJRVODY dar care ar fi fost
VLWXD LD,XJRVODYLHLGDF DUILDYXWFDGXüPDQ*HUPDQLDüL,WDOLD*XYHUQXOV X
HUDLQWHUHVDWFD,WDOLDV RE LQ (WLRSLDFDDVWIHOV QX-i atace pe iugoslavi
iar Germania V -üL SULPHDVF FRORQLLOH FD V ILH RFXSDW vQ DFHHD ]RQ D
OXPLL'DF %HOJLDüL2ODQGDDYHDXFRORQLLGHFHQ-DUDYHDDFHODüLGUHSWüL
un popor de 75 de milioane de locuitori. Germania a promis intangibilitatea
frontierelor iugoslave, nefiind interesat GH PLQRULW LOH JHUPDQH GLQ
,XJRVODYLDüL5RPkQLD3UHPLHUXOLXJRVODYDPDLGHFODUDWF SUHIHUDV DLE
OD IURQWLHU *HUPDQLD üL QX +DEVEXUJLL Anschluss-ul, în viziunea lui,
FRQVWLWXLDXQH[HPSOXüLSHQWUXVLWXD LDLQWHUQ D,XJRVODYLHL2UJDQL]D LLOH
cRPXQLVWH XUPDX V ILH GHVILLQ DWH WR L FHL FDUH DF LRQDX FRQWUD VWDWXOXL
XUPDXV ILDUHVWD LLDUFURD LLWUHEXLDXV YDG F QHDPHQLQ SHULFROXOüLF
HVWHQHFHVDU FRQVROLGDUHDüLDUPRQLDLQWHUQ 289.
Referindu-VH OD UDSRUWXULOH FX )UDQ D üL OD FHOH FX DOLD LL GLQ 0LFD
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vQ FRQGL LLOH vQ FDUH )UDQ D QX HUD FDSDELO V -üL DMXWH DOLD LL DIOD L vQ
SULPHMGLH HO HUD QHYRLW V VH DSURSLH GH *HUPDQLD ÍQ ID D VFKLPE ULORU
survenite pe pODQLQWHUQD LRQDOHOQXYDO UJLDQJDMDPHQWHOH,XJRVODYLHLvQ
FDGUXO 0LFLL ÍQ HOHJHUL LDU DUPDWD iugoslav QX YD SXWHD DS UD KRWDUHOH
Cehoslovaciei împotriva Germaniei.
5DSRUWXULOHFX5RPkQLDHUDXEXQHDYkQGODED] OHJ WXUDGLQDVWLF
üL SULHWHQLD WUDGL LRQDO GLQWUH FHOH GRX SRSRDUH GDU SHQWUX JXYHUQXO
LXJRVODY 5RPkQLD QX SXWHD IL FRQVLGHUDW R IRU XWLO GHRDUHFH HUD
GH]DUPDW LDU SH OkQJ JUHXW LOH GH PRPHQW YD IL PXOW YUHPH UH LQXW
de pericolul sovietic.
$QDOL]kQG DFHVWH GHFODUD LL LXJRVODYH & GHUH DU WD F 6WRMDGLQRYLþ
WLQGHDWRWPDLI LüVSUHRDGkQFLUHDUHOD LLORUFX*HUPDQLDFHHDFHSXWHDIL
IDWDOSHQWUX0LFDÍQ HOHJHUHüLFKLDUSHQWUXÍQ HOHJHUHD%DOFDQLF ÍQDFHVWH
FRQGL LLVLWXD LDFUHDW SULQDQH[DUHD$XVWULHLSXWHDDWLQJHüLRomânia într-
72
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SUHYHGHULORUWUDWDWXOXLGHOD1HXLOO\vQGRPHQLXOPLOLWDUüLvQFHWDUHDVW ULL
de demilLWDUL]DUH D JUDQL HL 7UDFLHL &D XUPDUH D EXQ YRLQ HL DU WDWH GH
F WUHJXYHUQXOLXJRVODYID GHUHYHQGLF ULOHEXOJDUHODRFWRPEULH
primul ministru bulgar Kiosse Ivanov i-D GHFODUDW OXL 6WRMDGLQRYLþ F QX
DYHD QLPLF vPSRWULY GDF ,XJRVODYLD YD RFupa Salonicul în momentul
când bulgarii vor ajunge la Marea Egee321.
ÍQSULYLQ DUHOD LLORUFX6RFLHWDWHD1D LXQLORU,XJRVODYLDHUDGHDFRUGFX
3RORQLD V DWDFH 6HFUHWDULDWXO 6RFLHW LL 1D LXQLORU FX SULOHMXO DGXQ ULL
6RFLHW LL GLQ VHSWHPEULH SHQWUX D VROLFLWD VF GHUHD FKHOWXLHOLORU GH
vQWUH LQHUHDOHDFHVWXLRUJDQLVPLQWHUQD LRQDOFDUHHUDXvQYL]LXQHD9DUüRYLHL
SUHD ULGLFDWH ID GH QXP UXO GLQ FH vQ FH PDL UHGXV DO VWDWHORU U PDVH
PHPEUH%XFXUHüWLXOSULQPLQLVWUXOV XGHH[WHUQH&RPQHQQ-a fost de acord
FX SXQFWXO GH YHGHUH DO %HOJUDGXOXL DU WkQG F 0LFD ÍQ HOHJHUH WUHEXLD V
VSULMLQH 6RFLHWDWHD 1D LXQLORU R DF LXQH FRQWUD VHFUHWDULDWXOXL 6RFLHW LL ILLQG
LQRSRUWXQ GHRDUHFHDVSULMLQLWWRWWLPSXO0LFDÍQ HOHJHUH322.
'XS HYHQLPHQWHOH GLQ Woamna anului 1938, cercurile diplomatice
URPkQHüWL DX VXSXV XQHL DQDOL]H VHULRDVH SROLWLFD H[WHUQ pe care a dus-o
,XJRVODYLDvQDGRXDMXP WDWHDGHFHQLXOXLSDWUX$VWIHOvQWU-un raport trimis
GH 9LFWRU & GHUH PLQLVWUXOXL DIDFHULORU VWU LQH DO 5RPkQLHL VH VXEOLQLD F
RGDW FXYHQLUHDODSXWHUHDOXL6WRMDGLQRYLþ%HOJUDGXOüL-a reorientat politica
H[WHUQ XUP ULQG vQFKHLHUHD XQRU DFRUGXUL ELODWHUDOH üL SURPRYDUHD XQHL
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angajamentelor pe caUHOHDYHDID GH6RFLHWDWHD1D LXQLORU0LFDÍQ HOHJHUH
ÍQ HOHJHUHD%DOFDQLF I U DYRLV LDvQFRQVLGHUDUHRHYHQWXDO vQW ULUHDORU. În
SULYLQ D UDSRUWXULORU FX 6RFLHWDWHD 1D LXQLORU DWDüDPHQWXO %HOJUDGXOXL ID
GH DFHDVWD D VF ]XW GXS DVDVLQDUHa lui Alexandru I, contribuind la aceasta
SUREOHPD VDQF LXQLORU LQHILFLHQ D WRW PDL Y GLW GH D RUJDQL]D VHFXULWDWHD
FROHFWLY SUHFXPüLPHWRGHOHSROLWLFHDOHOXL6WRMDGLQRYLþ323.
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79
La 4 ianuarie 1939 Al. Cretzianu a redactat un raport intitulat

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iugoslave referitoare la Ungaria, Cretzianu afirma: GLQ QHIHULFLUH DFHDVW
O PXULUHQXVHSRDWHIDFHGHFkWvQ]LXDFkQGVHYDFRQVWDWDvQPRGRILFLDOVLWXD LD
SDFWXOXL0LFLLÍQ HOHJHUL.
În opinia diplomatului român, încheierea unui nou tratat bilateral
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PDJKLDU VDX EXOJDU DU UHSUH]HQWD FHD PDL EXQ VROX LH vQ DFHVW FD] GDU
&UHW]LDQXQXFUHGHDF 6WRMDGLQRYLþDUIDFHDFHVWJHVWFDUHDUILFRPSURPLV
HIRUWXULOH VDOH GH GHVWLQGHUH üL GH vQ HOHJHUH FX 8QJDULD üL %XOJDULD
DocXPHQWXO PDL SURSXQHD vQFKHLHUHD XQXL SURWRFRO SULQ FDUH 5RPkQLD üL
,XJRVODYLDV FRQVWDWHSUHOXQJLUHDWUDWDWXOXLGHDOLDQ GLQ325.
/DUkQGXOV X'*HEOHVFXUHPDUFDVLWXD LDFRPSOH[ vQFDUHVHJ VHD
,XJRVODYLD OD VIkUüLWXO DQXOXL GDWRULW F UHLa VH SDUH F QX QH SXWHP
DüWHSWD GH DLFL vQDLQWH GLQ SDUWHD ,XJRVODYLHL OD H[HFXWDUHD DXWRPDW D YUHXQXLD
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bulgaro-iugoslav, politica Belgradului în Balcani nu mai putea evolua strict
vQ FDGUXO SUHYHGHULORU ÍQ HOHJHULL %DOFDQLFH GHRDUHFH JXYHUQXO LXJRVODY
dispunea de un al doilea instrument diplomatic: pactul cu Sofia327.
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din sud-HVWXO (XURSHL IXVHVHU SURIXQG ]GUXQFLQDWH vQ XUPD SU EXüLULL
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putHUL8566F XWDV VHGHJDMH]HGHSROLWLFDGHFRODERUDUHJHQHYH] GXV
SkQ DWXQFL)UDQ DQHOLQLüWLW VHvQWRUFHDVSUHLPSHULXOV XSHQWUXDXLWD
GHFHS LLOH HXURSHQH $QJOLD WRFPDL GHVFRSHUHD SHULFROXO KLWOHULVW LDU
*HUPDQLDVHDIODvQSOLQ RIHQVLY VSre est, România aflându-se pe lista ei
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UHOD LLOH VDOH FX %HUOLQXO üL 0RVFRYD üL V -üL FRQVROLGH]H UDSRUWXULOH FX
$QJOLDüL)UDQ DSUHFXPüLFXDOLD LLV LGLQ%DOFDQL328.
80
Noul ministru de externe al Romaniei, Grigore Gafencu avea sarcina

de a imp ca Germania üi de a consolida leg turile cu Vestul üi cu rile
balcanice329. La 7 ianuarie 1939, noul ministru de externe al României,
Grigore Gafencu, i-a trimis ambasadorului român de la BelJUDGLQVWUXF LXQL
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loialitate ale Belgradului330'XS FHODLDQXDULH$QGULþDGHFODUDWF
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OXQ PDL WkU]LX vQ XUPD XQHL YL]LWH vQWUHSULQVH GH F tre ministrul de
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româno-LXJRVODY U PkQHDvQYLJRDUHvQFLXGDVO ELULLVDXFKLDUDSRVLELOHL
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VROLGDU FX FHD D 5RPkQLHL $ IRVW VWDELOLW R DF LXQH FRPXQ SHQWUX D VH
DMXQJH OD R vQ HOHJHUH FX 8QJDULD ÍQ SULPXO UkQG S U LOH VHPQDWDUH DOH
DFRUGXOXLGHOD%OHGXUPDXV -OSXQ vQDSOLFDUHLDUDSRLWUHEXLDJ VLW R
IRUPXO VDWLVI F WRDUHSHQWUXDPEHOHS U LFXSULYLUHODPLQRULW L&HLGRL
PLQLüWULi GH H[WHUQH DX F ]XW GH DFRUG DVXSUD WXWXURU SUREOHPHORU
GXQ UHQH üL EDOFDQLFH ÍQ XUPD DFHVWRU FRQYRUELUL *DIHQFX DILUPD F
6WRMDGLQRYLþIXVHVHIRDUWHFDWHJRULFvQDQJDMDPHQWHOHOXDWHID GHURPkQL
S U VLQG VH SDUH SROLWLFD OXL SUXGHQW GDWRULW VLPSDWLHL DFWLYH SH FDUH R
DU WDVH %XFXUHüWLXOXL GLSORPD LD LWDOLDQ 332. &X DFHVW SULOHM SULQ XO 3DXO D
fost de acord ca OD FRQIHULQ D ÍQ HOHJHULL %DOFDQLFH V VH evite orice
GHFODUD LH FDUH V ridice suspiciuni cu pULYLUH OD IDSWXO F DOLDQ D DU IL
RULHQWDW contra vreuneia dintre taberele europene aflate în conflict333.
ÍQ FLXGD DFHVWRU DVLJXU UL IHUPH DOH %HOJUDGXOXL PLQLVWUXO LXJRVODY
acreditat la Berlin i-D GHFODUDW RPRORJXOXL V X URPkQ F LQVWUXF LXQLOH OXL
StojaGLQRYLþSUHYHGHDXRSROLWLF VXSO üLSUHY ] WRDUHID GHFHOGH-al III-
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GLVSXVV RIHUHDFHVWXLDvQVHPQDWHFRQFHVLLHFRQRPLFH334.
3H IRQGXO vQU XW LULL VLWXD LH LQWHUQD LRQDOH D PRELOL] ULL XQRU
LPSRUWDQWHHIHFWLYHPLOLWDUHGHF WUH8QJDULDPLQLVWUXOGHH[WHUQHLXJRVODY
D vQWUHSULQV OD PDUWLH XQ GHPHUV OD %XGDSHVWD VROLFLWkQG H[SOLFD LL
FX SULYLUH OD PRELOL] ULOH DUPDWH XQJDUH GDU vQWUHEDW GH DXWRULW LOH
URPkQHüWLDVXSUDRSRUWXQLW LLVWDELOLULLXQRUSULQFLSLLGHVLJXUDQ FRPXQ FX
puterile occidentale0DUNRYLþDGHFODUDWF QXYHGHDQHFHVDU VWDELOLUHDXQHL
81
DWLWXGLQL FRPXQH FDUH DU SXWHD DYHD FRQVHFLQ H LPHGLDWH üL QHSO FXWH
pentru statele mici. Ministerul afacerilor VWU LQH GH OD %HOJUDG QXWUHD vQ
FRQWLQXDUH FUHGLQ D F HYHQLPHQWHOH LQWHUQD LRQDOH FH VH VXFFHGDX QX
atingeau interesele Iugoslaviei, frontierele ei fiind garantate prin diverse
acorduri sau promisiuni335.
$FHHDüL DWLWXGLQH HUD vQWkOQLW üL OD 0DUHOH 6WDW 0Djor al armatei
LXJRVODYH$VWIHODWDüDWXOPLOLWDUURPkQQXDSXWXWRE LQHQLFLRSUHFL]DUH
FX SULYLUH OD P VXULOH SH FDUH ,XJRVODYLD DU XUPD V OH LD vQ UDSRUW FX R
DWLWXGLQHRVWLO D8QJDULHL$WDüDWXOPLOLWDUURPkQGHOD%HOJUDGGHFODUDF
impresia de siJXUDQ DUWLILFLDO O VDW GHSROLWLFDOXL6WRMDGLQRYLþFRQWLQXD
V SHUVLVWH vQ FHUFXULOH SROLWLFH üL PLOLWDUH GHFL]LRQDOH LXJRVODYH336. La
vQFHSXWXO DQXOXL (XURSD D WUDYHUVDW R QRX FUL] 6SHFXOkQG
GLVHQVLXQLOH GLQWUH FHKL üL VORYDFL *HUPDQLD D RE inut la 14 martie
SURFODPDUHD LQGHSHQGHQ HL 6ORYDFLHL LDU D GRXD ]L WUXSHOH JHUPDQH DX
vQFHSXW LQYD]LD vQ %RHPLD üL 0RUDYLD I U D vQWkPSLQD YUHR ULSRVW &X
DVHQWLPHQWXO *HUPDQLHL WUXSHOH KRUWLVWH DX S WUXQV vQ 8FUDLQD
VXEFDUSDWLF DQH[kQG-R)UDQ Düi Anglia s-DXP UJLQLWGRDUODDSURWHVWD
la Berlin împotriva acestui act, pe care l-au caracterizat drept o renegare a
VSLULWXOXLGHOD0QFKHQ'XS LQWUDUHD:HKUPDFKW-ului în Praga, Londra
s-D FRQYLQV WDUGLY GDU FDWHJRULF F QX PDL H[LVWD QLFL XQ PLMOoc de
vQ HOHJHUH FX *HUPDQLD $QJOLD HUD GHFLV V IDF ID SHULFROXOXL JHUPDQ
FXRKRW UkUHIHUP SHFDUHPXO LRDPHQLSROLWLFLPDLDOHVGLQ)UDQ DQXR
DYHDX SROLWLFLHQLL FRQWLQHQWDOL OHJ QkQGX-VH vQ LOX]LD F SHULFROXO JHUPDQ
putea fi localizat în EXURSD FHQWUDO VDX GLULMDW VSUH HVW $FRUGXO GH
DVLVWHQ PXWXDO GLQWUH/RQGUDüL9DUüRYLDOHJDGHIDSW$QJOLDGHU ]ERLXO
continental337.
ÍQ ID D RIHQVLYHL JHUPDQH VSUH VXG-est, la începutul anului 1939
guvernul român s-D DU WDW GLVSXV V vQFHDS WUDWDWLYH economice cu
%HUOLQXOvQYHGHUHDvQFKHLHULLXQXLDFRUGHFRQRPLF*HUPDQLDXUP UHDV
LQVWLWXLH XQ DGHY UDW PRQRSRO DVXSUD HFRQRPLHL URPkQHüWL IDSW FDUH D
determinat prelungirea tratativelor. La 23 martie 1939 a fost semnat
´7UDWDWXO DVXSUD SURPRY ULL UDporturilor economice între Regatul
5RPkQLHL üL 5HLFK-XO JHUPDQµ XQ WUDWDW FDGUX FDUH XUPD V ILH SXV vQ
aplicare printr-o serie de acorduri. Semnând acest document, guvernul
URPkQVSHUDV WHPSRUL]H]HRIHQVLYDJHUPDQ VSUHIURQWLHUHOHURPkQHüWL, o
serie dH FODX]H DOH WUDWDWXOXL QHIXQF LRQkQG GHFkW GXS VHSWHPEULH
1939338.
82
3R]L LD ,XJRVODYLHL ID GH DFHVW WUDWDW D IRVW H[SULPDW OD PDUWLH
1939, în cursul unei întrevederi pe care reprezentantul României la Belgrad
a avut-RFX0DUNRYLþ'LSORPDWXOLXJRVODYüL-DH[SULPDWVDWLVIDF LDID GH
încheierea acordului economic româno-german, care reprezenta, în
FRQFHS LD VD un început serios de clarificare a raporturilor româno-germane,
GRULWHüLGH,XJRVODYLD339.
ÍQ SULYLQ D 8QJDULHL 0DUNRYLþ QXWUHD VSHUDQ D F Dtmosfera se va
clarifica într-RPDUHP VXU GHRDUHFHXQJXULLQXSXWHDXFRQWDSHVSULMLQXO
DEVROXW DO *HUPDQLHLFRQWUD 5RPkQLHL PDL DOHV GXS VHPQDUHWUDWDWXOXL
economic româno-JHUPDQDFWFHUHSUH]HQWDRED] VROLG GHGHVWLQGHUHvQ
(XURSD FHQWUDO &KHVWLXQLOH OLWLJLRDVH FX 8QJDULD XUPDX V ILH SURPSW
UH]ROYDWH vQ FRQGL LLOH vQ FDUH FDOHD SULQ %HUOLQ HUD GHVFKLV RSLQia
diplomatul iugoslav. Acesta a convenit de asemenea ca reprezentantul
LXJRVODYOD%XGDSHVWDV UHDOL]H]HXQGHPHUVGLSORPDWLFSULQFDUHV FHDU
JXYHUQXOXLPDJKLDUSXQHUHDvQDSOLFDUHüLSXEOLFDUHDFRUGXOXLGHOD%OHG
GXS FHSDUWHURPkQ vQWUHSULQGHDüLHDRDF LXQHvQDFHVWVHQV340. Belgradul
solicita ca în perioada în care se întreprindeau eforturi diplomatice în
vederea încheierii unuLDFRUGFX8QJDULDSUHVDURPkQ V QXDWDFHSROLWLFD
UHYL]LRQLVW D8QJDULHL341.
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DQJDMDPHQWHORU OXDWH ID GH %XFXUHüWL vQFUHGHUHD FHUFXULOH SROLWLFH GH
GHFL]LH URPkQHüWL ID GH JXYHUQXO LXJRslav nu a sporit. Astfel, regele
Carol al II-OHD vO FRQVLGHUD SH SULQ XO 3DXO un om foarte fricos342 ÍQ DFHHDüL
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SRSXOD LH343.
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dinainte agresorul345.*DUDQ iile i-au asiguraW5RPkQLHLSR]L LDGHHFKLOLEUX
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simplu joc politic pentru a separa România de Iugoslavia, pentru a-üL
vQGUHSWD SUHWHQ LLOH UHYL]LRQLVWH vQWkL DVXSUD 5RPkQLHL Lar apoi asupra
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se va înfeuda complet Germaniei348.
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stat diQ FDGUXO ÍQ HOHJHULL %DOFDQLFH DU IL DPHQLQ DW 0LQLVWUXO GH H[WHUQH
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/D PLMORFXO OXQLL DXJXVW vQV VLWXD LD LQWHUQD LRQDO D IRVW
U VWXUQDW FRPSOHW/DDXJXVWPLQLVWUXOGHH[WHUQHJerman Ribbentrop îi
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R FODULILFDUH GHILQLWLY D UHOD LLORU UXVH-germane 0RVFRYD D vQFHUFDW V DPkQH
90
vizita, fapt ce nu-LFRQYHQHDOXL+LWOHUSUHVDWGHWLPS7RWRGDW 0RORWRYD

expus problemele cDUH LQWHUHVDX JXYHUQXO VRYLHWLF SR]L LD *HUPDQLHL ID
de încheierea unui pact de neagresiune cu URSS-ul; demers german pentru
vPEXQ W LUHD UHOD LLORU VRYLHWR-MDSRQH]H üL HYLWDUHD LQFLGHQWHORU GH
IURQWLHU JDUDQ LLFRPXQHGDWHVWDWHORUEDOWLFH%HUOLQXODDFFHSWDWFRQGL LLOH
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OD0RVFRYDV DLE ORFvQWU-un timp cât mai scurt382.
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liderului sovietic o scrisoare în FDUH DU WD QHFHVLWDWHD vQFKHLHULL UDSLGH D
unui pact de neagresiune, la 23 august 1939 a fost încheiat pactul de
neagresiune germano-sovietic383 3DFWXO SUHYHGHD üL vPS U LUHD VIHUHORU GH
LQIOXHQ vQWUH FHOH GRX SXWHUL vQ U V ULWXO üL QRUGXO (XURSHL ÍQFKHierea
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central -U V ULWHDQ 384.
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Ribbentrop-Molotov destinul statelor balcanice nu s-a mai aflat în mâinile
propriilor lor coQGXF WRUL385.
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OD /RQGUD üL 3DULV +LWOHU VF SDVH GH VXE FRQWURO LDU vQ HOHJHUHD FX 6WDOLQ
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XUP ULQG UHDOL]DUHD XQHL vQ HOHJHUL JHUPDQR-poloneze, respingând net
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s-D VLWXDW üL JXYHUQXO 'DODGLHU FDUH D I FXW SUHVLXQL DVXSUD OXL %HFN V
negocieze cu Berlinul. La 23 august, la Paris a fost convocat Comitetul
SHUPDQHQW DO DS U ULL QD LRQDOH vQ FDUH %RQQHW D GHFODUDW QRL DYHP vQF
RFD]LDV F XW PDQHGHJDMDüLV UHIX] mV IDFHPU ]ERLSHPRWLYXOF QXDYHP
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O VDWvQUHDOLWDWHOXL+LWOHUPkQDOLEHU ODYHVW387.
Având astfel mâinile libere, la 1 septembrie 1939 Hitler a atacat
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München $QJOLD üL )UDQ D DX GHFODUDW U ]ERL *HUPDQLHL388. Prin proiectul
blocului neutrilorODQVDWGH%XFXUHüWLOLGHULLURPkQLFUHGHDXF vor putea
convinge Germania, care privea cu neâncredere OHJ turile Romaniei cu
OccidenWXO GH VLQFHULWDWHD QHXWUDOLW ii sale389. La 2 noiembrie 1939 Sir
Reinald Hore declaUDF DWXQFLFkQGV-DDFRUGDWJDUDQ LH5RPkniei nimeni
nu prevedea o agresiune din partea U. R. S. S.-ului, iar în acel moment
91
britanicii nu avHDX QLFL R SRVLELOLWDWH SUDFWLF SHQWUX D vQGHSOLQL JDUDQ LD

RIHULW în cazul unui asemenea conflict. Astfel Germania era singura în stare
V DMXWH5RPkQLDvn problemele sale cu Germania390.
ÍQF GLQ VHSWHPEULH %HUOLQXO D H[HUFLWDW SXWHUQLFH SUHVLXQL OD
%XFXUHüWL SHQWUX D RE LQH R GHFODUD LH GH QHXWUDOLWDWH SUHFLV GLQ Sartea
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]LOH LDU OD VHSWHPEULH &RQVLOLXO GH PLQLüWUL D GDW XQ FRPXQLFDW vQ FDUH
PHQ LRQD F 5RPkQLD HUD KRW UkW V -üL PHQ LQ DWLWXGLQHD VD SDFLILVW
evitându-se folosirea cuvântului ”neutralitate”. O zi mai târziu, Iugoslavia
üL-D H[SULPDW RILFLDO SR]L LD GH QHXWUDOLWDWH IXUQL]kQG DVWIHO vQ RSLQLD
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SXWHUQLF DUJXPHQW SHQWUX D FHUH JXYHUQXOXL URPkQ V -üL SUHFL]H]H FODr
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UHVSHFWDOHJLOHQHXWUDOLW LLFRQIRUPFRQYHQ LLORULQWHUQD LRQDOH391.
&KLDUvQSULPD]LGHU ]ERLOD%HOJUDGUHprezentantul diplomatic al
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DGRSW ULL SH SODQ H[WHUQ D XQHL SROLWLFL SUXGHQWH üL YLJLOHQWH ÍQ SULYLQ D
UDSRUWXULORU FX 8QJDULD D IRVW VXEOLQLDW QHFHVLWDWHD XQHL VROLGDULW L
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I U DvQFXUDMDvQV 6RILDvQSULYLQ DUHYHQGLF ULORUHLWHULWRULDOH392.
La 7 septembrie 1939 reprezentantul diplomatic român a avut o
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GLSORPD LF ]kQGGHDFRUGF RULFHvQ HOHJHUHFX8QJDULDXUPDV VHvQVFULH
SH OLQLD JHQHUDO D DFRUGXOXL GH OD %OHG üL WUHEXLD V SUHYDG LGHHD GH
neagresiune393.
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constituirea unui bloc al neutrilor. Acest proiect prevedea mai întâi un punct
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üL8QJDULDSHQWUXDILDWUDVHVSUHEORFXOQHXWULORU394.
La 11 septembrie 1939 ministrul de externe al României a avut o
întrvedere cXDPEDVDGRUXOLXJRVODYOD%XFXUHüWL'X Lþ6-DF ]XWGHDFRUG
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92
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bilaterale identice de neutralitatH üL GH QHDJUHVLXQH vQWUH WRDWH VWDWHOH
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vQFKHLHULLXQRUSDFWHFXWR LYHFLQLLV L395.
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ambasadorul român la BelgradüLPLQLVWUXOGHH[WHUQHLXJRVODY0DUNRYLþ
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ar da Bulgarei un sentiment de securitate caUHDUSXWHDSkQ la un punct, frâna
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hotarele – I U D H[FOXGH üL DOWH SRVLELOLW L GH DURQGDUH SH Yiitor. Apoi devenind
DPLFL%XOJDULDYDFRQWLQXDV VHDUPH]HI U QLFLRSLHGLF . Diplomatul român
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93
Iugoslavia se puteau FRQFLOLD FX SDFWXO ÍQ HOHJHULL %DOFDQLFH ,GHLOH VODYH

DU WD & GHUe au circulat vQ XOWLPXO WLPS FX GHVWXO LQWHQVLWDWH vQWUH 6RILD üL
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ûHILLGLSORPD LLORUURPkQ üLLXJRVODY V-au întrunit la 19 septembrie
1939 la Jebel, pentru a analiza proiectul blocului neutriORU üL PRGDOLW LOH
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V UHSUH]LQWH XQ DSRUW SH FDUH ILHFDUH GLQWUH VWDWHOH ÍQ HOHJHULL %DOFDQLFHvO
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neutrilor397.
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Germaniei în Balcani398.
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URSS-ului în Polonia a produs o vie impresie asupra opiniei publice din
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altor JUXS UL GH VWkQJD ÍQ JHQHUDO VH FUHGHD F DF LXQHD VRYLHWLF D IRVW
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cu Moscova400.
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Budapesta a acceptat descongestionarea frontierei româno-ungare401,
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lunile octombrie – QRLHPEULH /D QRLHPEULH 0DUNRYLþ vüL H[SULPD
S UHUHDF DFHVWSURLHFWYDILGLILFLOGHUHalizat. Prin acordul anglo-franco-
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DVHPHQHD WUHEXLD Y ]XW DWLWXGLQHD *HUPDQLHL ID GH DFHVW SURLHFW
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Ministrul de externe român Grigore Gafencu a expus principiile
HVHQ LDOH DOH SURLHFWXOXL V X QHXWUDOLWDWH GHV YkUüLW ID GH DPEHOH S U L
95
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102
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constituie pentru guvernul iugoslav argumentul decisiv de a se degaja de
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104
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anului 1939 pericolul sovietic era mai mare decât cel german, ori
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tot mai violente ale sovieticilor la adresa frontierei orientale a României,
105
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106
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istoria parlamentarismului european456.
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iugoslavo-italiene459.
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DUDWH RPRORJXOXL V X LXJRVODY F vQ FRQGL LLOH vQ FDUH JXYernul maghiar
DPHQLQ D FX GHQXQ DUHD FODX]HORU PLOLWDUH DOH WUDWDWXOXL GH OD 7ULDQRQ
aceste manevre militare comune erau “mai mult decât oricând” oportune.
5 VSXQVXOOXL6WRLDGLQRYLþQXDIRVWGHORFvQFXUDMDWRUSHQWUXSDUWHa
URPkQ 2PXO SROLWLF LXJRVODv DU WD F %HOJUDGXO D KRW UkW FX PXOW WLPS
vQDLQWHGHVI üXUDUHDXQRUPDQHYUHPLOLWDUHvQUHJLXQHD.DUORYDW]-Belgrad,
cu HIHFWLYHüLFKHOWXLHOLPDULÍQDFHDVW VLWXD LHSURLHFWXOPDQHYUHORUPLOLWDUH
comune româno-LXJRVODYHDF ]XW
Reprezentatul României OD %HOJUDG 9 & GHUH D YHQLW FX R QRX
SURSXQHUHGHFRODERUDUHGLYL]LDLXJRVODY GHOD6XERWLFDV ILHFRQFHQWUDW
üLV -üLGHVI üRDUHSUHJ WLUHDPLOLWDU vQDSURSLHUHDIURQWLHUHLFX5RPkQLD
vPSUHXQ FX GLYL]LD PLOLWDU GH OD 7LPLüRDUD FRQFHQWUDW vQ zona
vQYHFLQDW 461'LQS FDWHüLDFHDVW YDULDQW DF ]XW
ÍQ SULP YDUD DQXOXL RIL HULL ûFROLL GH FDYDOHULH GH OD 6LELX DX
vQWUHSULQV R YL]LW vQ ,XJRVODYLD DYkQGFD SXQFW ILQDO %HOJUDGXO &RQIRUP
UDSRUWXOXL GLSORPDWLF UHDOL]DW GH 9 & GHUH YL]LWD D reprezentat o
PDQLIHVWDUHIHULFLW SHQWUXFXQRDüWHUHDüLVWUkQJHUHDUHOD LLORUvQWUHUHSUH]HQWDQ LL
armatelor noastre4627RWvQDFHODüLDQFDQRQLHUDURPkQHDVF ´'XPLWUHVFXµD
vQWUHSULQV R YL]LW vQ DSHOH WHULWRULDOH LXJRVODYH LDU OD 6SOLW PDULQDULL
româniDXIRVWSULPL LGHF WUHDXWRULW LOHORFDOHLXJRVODYH463.
La manevrele militare ale armatei iugoslave (septembrie 1937) printre
LQYLWD LLVWU LQLV-DQXP UDWüLüHIXO6WDWXOXL0DMRUDODUPDWHLURPkQH464.
/DvQFHSXWXOOXQLLIHEUXDULHRGHOHJD LHDRIL HUilor Batalionului
,,, JU QLFHUL GLQ ) J UDü D YL]LWDW %HOJUDGXO SHQWUX D vQPkQD FRPDQ-
GDQWXOXLV XRQRULILFSULQFLSHOXLUHJHQW3DXOGDUXULvQVHPQGHRPDJLX465.
108
ÍQ FRQGL LLOH GLVSDUL LHL 0LFLL ÍQ HOHJHUL vQ SULP YDUD DQXOXL
guvernul României a reanalizat raporturile militare româno-iugoslave.
$VWIHOODDSULOLHSULPXOPLQLVWUXDO5RPkQLHL$UPDQG& OLQHVFXi-a
WUDQVPLVüHIXOXLGLSORPD LHL*U*DIHQFXDIODWvQYL]LW OD%HOJUDGRQRW
vQ FDUH VH DU WD F QX PDL H[LVWD QLFL GH IDSW QLFL GH GUHSW R FRQYHQ LH
PLOLWDU FDUHV GHILQHDVF PRGXOGHFRRSHUDUHvQWUHDUPDWDURPkQ üLFHD
LXJRVODY vQ FD]XO XQXL DWDF GLQ SDUWHD 8QJDULHL $FHDVWD GHRDUHFH
FRQYHQ LDPLOLWDU URPkQR-LXJRVODY GLQDIRVWvQORFXLW FXFRQYHQ LD
PLOLWDU D 0LFLL ÍQ HOHJHUL LDU GLQ DFHO PRPHQW FRRSHUDUHD PLOLWDU
împotriva Ungariei s-D WUDWDW GRDU vQ FDGUXO 0LFLL ÍQ HOHJHUL466. Conform
3URWRFROXOXL&RQILGHQ LDOvQFKHLDWOD%XFXUHüWLvQIHEUXDULHs-a reintrat
vQFDGUXO&RQYHQ LHLGHDOLDQ GHIHQVLY URPkQR-iugosODY GLQ XUPkQGV
VH vQFKHLH R QRX FRQYHQ LH PLOLWDU $UPDQG & OLQHVFX VROLFLWD FD DFHDVW
SUREOHP V ILH GLVFXWDW GH F WUH *U *DIHQFX FX FRQGXFHUHD SROLWLF D
,XJRVODYLHLSHQWUXVDVHYHGHDGDF DFHDVWDHUDGHDFRUGFD6WDWHOH0DMRUH
ale celor GRX DUPDWHV VH vQWUXQHDVF imediat în vederea încheierii unei
FRQYHQ LLPLOLWDUH467.
La 2 martie 1939, Marele Stat Major al armatei române îl informa pe
PLQLVWUXOGHH[WHUQH*U*DIHQFXF vQFRQGL LLOHXQXLDWDFEXOJDUFRQGL LLOH
GH FRRSHUDUH PLOLWDU româno-LXJRVODY HUDX GHILQLWH SULQ FRQYHQ LLOH
PLOLWDUH vQFKHLDWH vQ FDGUXO ÍQ HOHJHULL %DOFDQLFH ÍQ SULYLQ D 8QJDULHLQLFL
vQDFHOPRPHQWQXHUDVWDELOLWPRGXOvQFDUHXUPDV DLEHORFFRRSHUDUHD
PLOLWDU
/DPDLvQWLPSXOvQWUHYHGHULL& GHUH -0DUNRYLþPLQLVWUXOGH
H[WHUQH LXJRVODY D UHFXQRVFXW F SULQ DFWXO GH OD IHEUXDULH
FRQYHQ LDPLOLWDU URPkQR-LXJRVODY HUDipso factovQYLJRDUHÍQFRQVHFLQ
0DUNRYLþ D DFFHSWDW FD GRL RIL HUL DL 6WDWXOXL 0DMRU 5RPkQ V LD vQ PRG
strict confiGHQ LDOFRQWDFWXOFX6WDWXO0DMRUDODUPDWHLLXJRVODYHSHQWUXDIL
SXV OD SXQFW FRQYHQ LD PLOLWDU vQ FRQIRUPLWDWH FX XOWLPHOH HYROX LL DOH
VLWXD LHLLQWHUQD LRQDOH
ÍQ RSLQLD OXL & GHUH QX WUHEXLD V ILH GLVFXWDW R QRX FRQYHQ LH
PLOLWDU GHRDUHFHWUDWDtivele puteau vQWkPSLQDGLILFXOW L468.
/D PDL 0DUHOH 6WDW 0DMRU LXJRVODY HUD VROLFLWDW V FRPXQLFH
0DUHOXL 6WDW 0DMRU URPkQ SXQFWXO V X GH YHGHUH vQ SULYLQ D DOLDQ HL
militare româno-iugoslave. Forului militar de la Belgrad i VH FHUHD V IDF
propuneri FRQFUHWH vQ YHGHUHD VWDELOLULL XQRU FRQWDFWH vQWUH UHSUH]HQWD LL
FHORUGRX DUPDWHFDUHV DQDOL]H]HFRODERUDUHDPLOLWDU URPkQR-iugoslav
109
vQ FD]XO XQXL DWDF PDJKLDUH 3kQ OD LXQLH QX V-a primit nici un
U VSXQV GH OD %HOJUDG IDSW FH O-a determinDW SH *U *DIHQFX V -L FHDU
UHSUH]HQWDQWXOXL GLSORPDWLF URPkQ GH OD %HOJUDG 9 & GHUH V LQWHUYLQ
SHQWUX XUJHQWDUHD U VSXQVXOXL 0DUHOXL 6WDW 0DMRU LXJRVODY469. În urma
vQWUHYHGHULL GLQWUH DWDüDWXO PLOLWDU URPkQ üL üHIXO 6WDWXOXL 0DMRU LXJRVODY
generalul 6LPRYLþDFHVWDGLQXUP DDU WDWF U VSXQVXOV XFXSULYLUHOD
VROLFLW ULOH URPkQHüWL D IRVW vQDLQWDW 0LQLVWHUXOXL $IDFHULORU 6WU LQH GH OD
Belgrad. Marele Stat Major al armatei iugoslave considera ca angajamentele
PLOLWDUHUHFLSURFHU PkQHDXYDODELOHvQ continuare. În cazul în care Marele
6WDW 0DMRU URPkQ FUHGHD F HUDX QHFHVDUH QRL GLVFX LL WHKQLFH VH SXWHDX
IDFHSURSXQHULvQDFHVWVHQVSDUWHDLXJRVODY QHDYkQGQLPLFvPSRWULY FDR
FRPLVLH PLOLWDU URPkQ V VRVHDVF OD %HOJUDG vQ FHO PDL VWULFW VHFUHt
pentru a purta negocieri.
/DvQFHSXWXOOXQLLLXOLH*U*DIHQFXvLFRPXQLFDOXL9& GHUHF
OW FRO /HRQLGD GLQ 0DUHOH 6WDW 0DMRU URPkQ XUPD V VRVHDVF vQ FHO PDL
VWULFWVHFUHWOD%HOJUDGSHQWUXDSXUWDGLVFX LLSULYLWRDUHODDOLDQ DPLOLWDU
româno-LXJRVODY 470
/DLXOLH9& GHUHvOLQIRUPDSH*U*DIHQFXF PLVLXQHDOW
FRO/HRQLGDDIRVWvQFXQXQDW FXVXFFHVS-au luat toate preparativele necesare
SHQWUX SXQHUHD OD SXQFW D DFRUGXOXL PLOLWDU XUP ULW 5HPDUF F DFRUGXO PLOLWDU
din 1922 VH ED]HD] SH FRQYHQ LD SROLWLF GLQ GH XQGH UH]XOW R SULP
QHSRWULYLUHFDUHVHYDUH]ROYDSULQDFWHFHYRUXUPDvQWUHFHOHGRX VWDWHPDMRUH,
conchidea diplomatul român471.
La 1 august 1939, Marele Stat Major român a înaintat la Belgrad un
proiect de protocol special472.
3DUWHDLXJRVODY QXDGDWQLFLXQU VSXQVSULYLWRUODDFHVWSURLHFWvQ
FXUVXO DQXOXL vQ FLXGD IDSWXOXL F üHIXO GLSORPD LHL LXJRVODYH V-a
DQJDMDW vQ ID D DPEDVDGRUXOXL URPkQ OD %HOJUDG F YD LQWHUYHQL SH OkQJ
Marele Stat MajorLXJRVODYvQYHGHUHDXUJHQW ULLH[DPLQ ULLSURLHFWXOXL/D
24 ianuarie 1940, Gr. Gafencu îi cerea reprezentantului diplomatic al
5RPkQLHL vQ ,XJRVODYLD V RE LQ XQ U VSXQV JUDEQLF GLQ SDUWHD 0DUHOXL
Stat Major iugoslav cu privire la proiectul românesc pentru a se putea
vQFKHLD FkW PDL UHSHGH FRQYHQ LD PLOLWDU 473 ÍQ XUPD DFHVWHL LQWHUYHQ LL
%HOJUDGXO D U VSXQV F 0DUHOH 6WDW 0DMRU SUHJ WHD XQ SURWRFRO FDUH V
UHFRQILUPH FRQYHQ LD PLOLWDU vQ GRL SUHFXP üL XQ SURWRFRO WHKQLF FDUH
XUPDV DGDSWH]HSUHYHGHULOHYHFKLLFRQYHQ LLODVLWXD LDLQWHUQD LRQDO GLQ
110
DFHOPRPHQW LQkQGX-VHVHDPDüLGHSURSXQHULOHIRUPXODWHGHF WUH6WDWXO

Major român în august 1939474.
/D VIkUüLWXO OXQLL LDQXDULH üHIXO 0DUHOXL 6WDW 0DMRU URPkQ
JHQHUDOXOXL ) HQHVFX vL VROLFLWD OXL *U *DIHQFX V SXQ vQ GLVFX LD
&RQVLOLXOXL 3HUPDQHQW DO ÍQ HOHJHULL %DOFDQLFH FD]XO vQ FDUH FRRSHUDUHD
PLOLWDU URPkQR-LXJRVODY vPSRWULYD 8QJDULHL HUD DSOLFDELO GRDU GDF
8QJDULD FRPLWHD DJUHVLXQHD VLQJXU VDX vPSUHXQ FX %XOJDULD VDX GDF
era viabLO üLvQFD]XOvQFDUHDJUHVLXQHDPDJKLDU DYHDORFFRQFRPLWHQWFX
agresiunea unei alte puteri 475.
0LQLVWUXO GH U ]ERL DO 5RPkQLHL , ,OFXü DQDOL]kQG SURLHFWXO
SURWRFROXOXLVHFUHWUHDOL]DWGHF WUH0DUHOH6WDW0DMRULXJRVODYFRQVWDWDOD
10 februarie 1940F DFHVWDUHSXQHDvQYLJRDUHFRQYHQ LDPLOLWDU GLQ
FDUH DYkQG OD ED] R VLWXD LH PLOLWDU üL JHRSROLWLF IRDUWH GLIHULW GH FHD
DFWXDO SUHYHGHD FRQGL LLOH GH FRRSHUDUH PLOLWDU FRQWUD %XOJDULHL
8QJDULHL VDX 8QJDULHL üL %XOJDULHL vPSUHXQ cu toWXO QHVDWLVI F WRDUH D]L.
Pentru cooperarea româno-LXJRVODY FRQWUD %XOJDULHL SURWRFROXO LXJRVODY
G GHD VDWLVIDF LH WH]HL URPkQHüWL GLQ DXJXVW vQ VHQVXO F SUHYHGHD
vQORFXLUHD GLVSR]L LLORU FRQYHQ LHL PLOLWDUH GLQ DXJXVW FX FODX]HOH
&RQYHQ LHLPLOLWDUHDOHÍQ HOHJHULL%DOFDQLFHÍQSULYLQ DFRRSHU ULLPLOLWDUH
în eventualitatea unei agresiuni maghiare sau maghiaro-bulgare, proiectul
LXJRVODY SUHFL]D F VH YD SURFHGD OD PRGLILF ULOH QHFHVDUH ÍQ FRQVHFLQ
DU WD PLQLVWUXO GH U ]ERL URPkQ GLQ SXnct de vedere militar, protocolul
VHFUHWSURSXVGH,XJRVODYLDQXDGXFHDRGHILQLUHüLRDFWXDOL]DUHDQRUPHORU
GHFRRSHUDUHPLOLWDU FRQWUD8QJDULHLGHFkWFXFRQGL LDüLvQP VXUDvQFDUH
XQDOWSURWRFRODQH[ VDXWHKQLFRYDIDFHÍQDFHDVW VLWXD LHHUD necesar ca
SULQLQWHUPHGLXO0LQLVWHUXOXL$IDFHULORU6WU LQH%XFXUHüWLXOV LQWHUYLQ
SH OkQJ 0DUHOH 6WDW 0DMRU LXJRVODY SHQWUX D IL SHUIHFWDW FkW PDL XUJHQW
protocolul tehnic476.
'HüL 0DUNRYLþ D SURPLV F YD LQWHUYHQL SHUVRQDO SHQWUX UHOXDUHD
OXFU ULORU vQWUH FHOH GRX 6WDWH 0DMRUH vQ YHGHUHD GHILQLWLY ULL DOLDQ HL
militare româno-iugoslave, acest lucru nu s-D PDL UHDOL]DW SkQ vQ
septembrie 1940 477.
&RODERUDUHD PLOLWDU URPkQR-LXJRVODY vQ FRQGL LLOH XQXL DWDF
germano-maghiar asupra României, a fost anaOL]DW ODVHSWHPEULH
GHF WUHGLSORPDWXOURPkQ9& GHUHüLQRXOPLQLVWUXGHU ]ERLLXJRVODY
JHQHUDOXO 1HGLþ IUDWHOH RPXOXL SROLWLF FX DFHODüL QXPH 1HGLþ DU WD F
atâta timp cât trupele germane erau ocupate în Polonia, pericolul nu era de
111
actuaOLWDWHGDUWRWXüLLSRWH]DWUHEXLDOXDW vQVHULRVÍQHYHQWXDOLWDWHDXQXL
astfel de atac, vD IL GHVFKLV IURQWXO EDOFDQLF üL, vQ FRQVHFLQ FRODERUDUHD
PLOLWDU URPkQR-LXJRVODY WUHEXLD V IXQF LRQH]H GHRDUHFH SULPHMGLD HUD
FRPXQ ÍQ FD]XO XQHL DJUHVLXQL JHUPDQH WUHEXLD VRPDW üL HYHQWXDO
OLFKLGDW %XOJDULDGHF WUHDUPDWHOHURPkQR-turce, pentru a se avea spatele
OLEHU 3UREDELO F OD R DVWIHO GH RSHUD LH DUPDWD LXJRVODY QX YD SXWHD
SDUWLFLSD HD ILLQG RFXSDW vQ GLUHF LD QRUG-vest478, preciza ministrul
iugoslav.
În anii 1939-PDWHULDOHOHGHU ]ERLGHVWLQDWH,XJRVODYLHLüLFDUHVH
DIODXvQWUDQ]LWSULQ5RPkQLDDXEHQHILFLDWGHXQUHJLPH[FHS LRQDO$VWIHO
l-i s-DX DFRUGDW DXWRUL]D LLOH GH WUDQ]LW vQ PRG JOREDO üL SUHDODELO SHQWUX XQ
QXP U PDL PDUH GH YDJRDQH LDU QX SHQWUX ILHFDUH WUDQVSRUW vQ SDUWH I U D VH
OLPLWD OD YUHXQ WHUPHQ RDUHFDUH YDODELOLWDWHD DFHVWRU DXWRUL]D LL /D UkQGXO V X
%XFXUHüWLXOVROLFLWDDXWRULW LORULXJRVODYHV ILHVLPSOLILFDWHSURFHGXULOHGH
tranzit prin Iugoslavia a PDWHULDOHORU GH U ]ERL FRPDQGDWH vQ *HUPDQLD
0DUNRYLþvODVLJXUDSH9& GHUHlaDXJXVWF FHUHUHDURPkQHDVF
YDILVDWLVI FXW GHF WUHDXWRULW LOHLXJRVODYH479. Astfel, în septembrie 1939,
%HOJUDGXODDXWRUL]DWWUDQ]LWXODGHWXEXULüLGHSLHVHGHPLWUDOLHU
comandate în Belgia480.
ÍQ DFHODüL WLPS PLQLVWUXO GH U ]ERL LXJRVODY VROLFLWD DXWRULW LORU
FRPSHWHQWHURPkQHüWLSODQXULSULYLQGPRGDOLW LOHGHVWRFDUHDEHQ]LQHLvQ
DG SRVWXULEHWRQDWHVDXFLVWHUQHVXEWHUDQH481.
7RWRGDW *U *DIHQFX D LQWHUYHQLW SH OkQJ 6DUDGMRJOX SHQWUX
UHDOL]DUHD XQXL WUDQ]LW PDL UDSLG SULQ *UHFLD D PDWHULDOXOXL GH U ]ERL
destinat Iugoslaviei482.
&RODERUDUHD PLOLWDU V-D GHVI üXUDW üL vQ FDGUXO 0LFLL ÍQ HOHJHUL üL D
La 14 septembrie 1923 a fost sHPQDW FRQYHQ LD PLOLWDU URPkQR-
FHKRVORYDF -LXJRVODY FDUHDQXODFRQYHQ LDPLOLWDU URPkQR-LXJRVODY GDU
FXXQHOHPRGLILF ULSUHOXDDFHOHDüLSUHYHGHUL'LQFRQYHQ LHI FHDSDUWHüL
DQH[D GLQ FRQYHQ LD PLOLWDU URPkQR-LXJRVODY FX SULYLUH OD DMXWRUXO
mLOLWDUSHFDUHFHOHGRX S U LHUDXREOLJDWHV üL-l acorde în cazul unui atac
din partea Bulgariei483.
3kQ vQ DQXO QX D DYXW ORF QLFL R FRQVI WXLUH D UHSUH]HQWDQ LORU
PLOLWDUL GLQ FDGUXO 0LFLL ÍQ HOHJHUL ÍQ FRQGL LLOH vQU XW LULL VLWXD LHL
LQWHUQD LRQDOHODPDLOD%XFXUHüWLDIRVWvQFKHLDW RFRQYHQ LHPLOLWDU
XQLF DVWDWHORU0LFLLÍQ HOHJHUL&RQYHQ LDSUHYHGHDP VXULOHGHDS UDUHFDUH
112
WUHEXLDX OXDWH vQ FD]XO vQ FDUH 8QJDULD DWDFD XQD GLQ S U LOH FRQWUDFWDQWH ÍQ
DFHODüLWLPSV-DKRW UkWFDDQXDOV DLE ORFvQWkOQLULODQLYHOGHVWDWHPDMRUHDOH
FHORU WUHL UL484 $VWIHO GH FRQVI WXLUL DX DYXW ORF vQ DQLL FDUH DX XUPDW
realizându-VH R VHULH GH SODQXUL PLOLWDUH GHIHQVLYH vQ IXQF LH GH HYROX LD
VLWXD LHL LQWHUQD LRQDOH $VWIHO vQ FDGUXO vQWkOQLULORU üHILORU GH VWDW PDMRU DL
0LFLL ÍQ HOHJHUL GLQ DXJXVW D IRVW DQDOL]DW SUREOHPD UHLQVWDXU ULL
+DEVEXUJLORUvQ$XVWULDSUHFXPüLDvQF OF ULLFODX]HORUPLOLWDUHGLQWUDWDWHOH
GH SDFH GH F WUH $XVWULD üL P ULUHD HIHFWLYHORU PLOLWDUH DOH Ungariei485.
7RWRGDW DX IRVW VHPQDWH R VHULH GH vQ HOHJHUL GH QDWXU PLOLWDU FXP DU IL
DFRUGXO SULYLQG WUDQVSRUWXO üL WUDQ]LWXO PDWHULDOHORU GH U ]ERL semnat la
%XFXUHüWLvQDFRUGXOSULYLQGWUDQVSRUWXOüLWUDQ]LWXOWXWXURUPLMORDFHORU
GH OXSW %XFXUHüWL PDUWLH DFRUGXO SULYLQG PRGDOLWDWHD GH IRORVLUH D
PDWHULDOXOXL QDYLJDQW GH U ]ERL %XFXUHüWL PDUWLH DFRUGXO SULYLQG
PRELOL]DUHD üL GXFHUHD U ]ERLXOXL GH F WUH VWDWHOH 0LFLL ÍQ HOHJHUL 3UDJD
noiembrie 1934)486, protocolul privind comandamentul comun al armatelor
ULORU 0LFLL ÍQ HOHJHUL RUJDQL]DUHD RSHUD LXQLORU FRPXQH FRQWUD 8QJDULHL üL
SODQXOGHRSHUD LXQLDOVWDWHORU0LFLLÍQ HOHJHULvQ FD]XOXQXLFRQIOLFWJHQHUDO
(Praga, 1936), acordul cu privire la schimbul de personal în caz de U ]ERL487.
În noiembrie 1935, la Belgrad a avut loc prima întâlnire a
UHSUH]HQWDQ LORUPLOLWDULDL,XJRVODYLHL7XUFLHLüL5RPkQLHL&XDFHVWSULOHMD
IRVW SDUDIDW FRQYHQ LD PLOLWDU LXJRVODYR-româno-WXUF FDUH D IRVW
VHPQDW vQ488.
Un an mai târziu la %XFXUHüWL D IRVW VHPQDW FRQYHQ LD GLQWUH
5RPkQLD ,XJRVODYLD *UHFLD üL 7XUFLD FXSULQ]kQG P VXULOH GH DS UDUH FH
WUHEXLDX DGRSWDWH GH F WUH DOLD L vQ FD]XO XQXL DWDF GLQ SDUWHD %XOJDULHL
Albaniei sau Ungariei4897RWRGDW DPDLIRVWVHPQDW RFRQYHQ LHPLOLWDU
vQWUH,XJRVODYLD7XUFLDüL5RPkQLD490.
7UDWDWHOH vQFKHLDWH vQWUH ,XJRVODYLD üL %XOJDULD LQWUDX vQV vQ
FRQWUDGLF LH FX FRQYHQ LD PLOLWDU URPkQR-LXJRVODY SUHFXP üL FX
FRQYHQ LLOHPLOLWDUHvQFKHLDWHvQFDGUXOÍQ HOHJHULL%DOFDQLFH491.
În februarie 19DDYXWORFRXOWLP vQFHUFDUHGHFRODERUDUHPLOLWDU
vQWUH VWDWHOH ÍQ HOHJHULL %DOFDQLFH 6-a propus astfel ipoteza studierii unui
SODQ GH UH]LVWHQ FRPXQ vQ ID D XQHLLQYD]LL GH QDWXU H[WUDEDOFDQLF 492.
'DU HYHQLPHQWHOH LQWHUQD LRQDOH FDUH VH GHVI üXUau rapid au împiedicat
WUDQVSXQHUHDvQSUDFWLF DXQXLSODQFRPXQGHDS UDUH
ÍQ SHULRDGD LQWHUEHOLF DX IRVW UHDOL]DWH FRQWDFWH vQWUH 0LQLVWHUHOH
$IDFHULORU ,QWHUQH DOH 5RPkQLHL üL ,XJRVODYLHL $VWIHO OD LDQXDULH
113
Belgradul a venit cu propunerea privind stabilirea unui contact strâns între

3ROL LDURPkQ üLFHDLXJRVODY SUHFXPüLvQWUHELURXULOHGHLQIRUPD LLDOH
FHORU GRX DUPDWH493 /D LDQXDULH SDUWHD URPkQ V-D SURQXQ DW vQ
IDYRDUHD XQHL FRODERU UL vQWUH FHOH GRX SROL LL LQVSHFWRUXO URPkQ de
SROL LH1LN\ûWHI QHVFXGHSODVkQGX-VHOD%HOJUDGvQYHGHUHDUHDOL] ULLXQHL
vQ HOHJHULvQDFHVWVHQV494.
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D IRVW WUDQVSXV vQ SUDFWLF vQ XUPD XQHL DF LXQL D SROL LHL LXJRVODYH
deVI üXUDW vQORFDOLWDWHD8]GLQGLQ%DQDWXOLXJRVODYüLODFDUHDSDUWLFLSDW
XQLQVSHFWRUDOSROL LHLURPkQHDXIRVWDUHVWDWHPDLPXOWHSHUVRDQHFDUHDX
J ]GXLW vQ ORFXLQ HOH ORU OHJLRQDUL IXJL L GLQ 5RPkQLD üL FDUH XUP UHDX V
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114
NOTE
1 M. Milin, 5HOD LLOH SROLWLFH URPkQR-iugoslavH vQ HSRFD PRGHUQ %XFXUHüWi, Ed. Academiei
Române, 1992.
2 Gh. I. Demian, 3HQWUX %DQDWXO URELW ,VWRULFXO WUDWDWLYHORU GXVH SHQWUX RE LQHUHD %DQDWXOXL
iugoslavesc (1914-1923)7LPLüRDUD7LSRJUDILD5RPkQHDVF S

3 Al. Marghiloman, Note politice%XFXUHüWL(G6FULSWD993, p. 285.
4 Gh. I. Demian, op. cit., p. 3-6.
5 7UDWDWHOHLQWHUQD LRQDOHDOH5RPkQLHL– 1920, %XFXUHüWL(GûWLLQ LILF üL(QFLFORSHGLF S
410-411.
6'LUHF LDMXGH HDQ 7LPLüD$UKLYHORU1D LRQDOHIRQG&RQVWDQWLQ% UDQ, d. 1, f. 18-19.
7 GheorghH,DQFX*HRUJH&LS LDQXLa consolidation de la Transylvanie et de la Roumanie (1919-
1920). Temoignages francais%XFXUHüWL(G(QFLFORSHGLF S

89DVLOH5 PQHDQ X2FXSD LDPLOLWDU iugoslavHDVF vQMXGH XO7LPLü– Torontal, în Banatica, 13,
2, 1995, pp. 384-388.

9'LUHF LDMXGH HDQ 7LPLüD$UKLYHORU1D LRQDOHIRQG3UHIHFWXUD7LPLü-Torontal, d. 16/1919,
f. 2.
10 Ibidem, d. 24/1920, f. 442.
11 Ibidem, d. 24/1920, f. 804.
12 Ibidem, d. 22/1919, f. 103.
13 P. Ciobanu, 8QLUHD%DQDWXOXLüLvQFRUSRUDUHD7LPLüRDUHLOD5RPkQLD, p. 74-75.
14$UKLYHOH1D LRQDOH%XFXUHüWLIRQGVaida Voevod, d. 67/1919, f. 1-2.
15 Radu Rosetti, 0 UWXULVLUL– 1919)%XFXUHüWL(G0RGHOLVPS
17$UKLYHOH1D LRQDOH%XFXUHüWi, fond IDPLOLD%U WLDQXd. 238/19, f. 2.
18 Idem, fond Vaida Voevod, d. 69/1919, f. 1.
19 Ibidem, d. 81/1919, f. 5.
20$UKLYHOH1D LRQDOH%XFXUHüWLmicrofilme)UDQ DURODFDGUXO
21 Gh. I. Demian, op. cit., p. 17-18
22 Radu Rosetti, op. cit., p. 376.
23*K,DQFX*&LS LDQXop. cit., p. 135.
24$UKLYHOH1D LRQDOH%XFXUHüWLmicrofilme, Iugoslavia, rola 131, cadrul 252.
25 Idem, microfilme)UDQ DURODFDGUXO
28 *K , %U WLDQX $F LXQHD SROLWLF üL PLOLWDU D 5RPkQLHL vQ , vQ OXPLQD FRUHVSRQGHQ HL
GLSORPDWLFHDOXL,RQ,&%U WLDQX%XFXUHüWL(G&DUWHD5RPkQHDVF S-36.

30 Ibidem, cadrul 406 – 407.
31 Ibidem, loc.cit.
32 Ibidem, rola 182, cadrul 411.
33 Ibidem, cadrul 405.
115
34 Idem, microfilme, Iugoslavia, rola 131, cadrul 345.

35 Gligor Popi, Jugoslovensko-Rumunski odnosi 1918-1941, Vrsac, 1984, p.32.
36 7UDWDWHOHLQWHUQD LRQDOHDOH5RPkQLHL– 1920, %XFXUHüWL(GûWLLQ LILF üL(QFLFORSHGLF S
410-411.
37 Apostol Stan, Iuliu Maniu%XFXUHüWL(G6DHFXOXPS
38 Arhivele Ministerului Afacerilor Externe (MAE), fond 71 Iugoslavia, vol. 49, f. 4-13.
39 Sever Bocu, La question du Banat, Paris, Imprimerie generale Lahure, 1919, p. 23-25.
40 Ibidem, p. 27-28.
41 Ibidem, p. 32.
42 Ibidem, p. 33.
43*K,%U WLDQXop. cit., p. 32.
44 Take Ionescu, 3ROLWLFDH[WHUQ D5RPkQLHLüLFKHVWLXQHa Banatului%XFXUHüWLS
45 Ibidem, p. 53.
47 Grigor Popi, op. cit., p. 35.
48 Gh. I. Demian, op. cit., p. 11.
49$UKLYHOH1D LRQDOH%XFXUHüWLmicrofilme)UDQ DUROD cadrul 254.
50 Idem, microfilme, Iugoslavia, rola 131, cadrul 247.
52*K,%U WLDQXop. cit., p. 49.
53*K,%U WLDQXop. cit., p. 47-48.
54$UKLYHOH1D LRQDOH%XFXUHüWLmicrofilme, Iugoslavia, rola 127, cadrul 370.
55 Idem, microfilme)UDQ DURODFDGUXO
56 'HV YkUüLUHDXQLW LLQD LRQDO-statale a poporului român, 1986, vol. III, p. 186-188.
58&RQVWDQWLQ.LUL HVFX,VWRULDU ]ERLXOXLSHQWUXUHvQWUHJLUHD5RPkQLHL%XFXUHüWL(GûWLLQ LILF
üL(QFLFORSHGLF YRO,,S
595RPXOXV6HLüDQX3ULQFLSLXOQD LRQDOLW LORU%XFXUHüWL(G$OEDWURVS-364.
62 Ibidem, d. 81/1919, f. 5.
63 Maria, regina României, ÍQVHPQ UL]LOQLFH%XFXUHüWL(G$OEDWURVS
64 Ibidem, p. 89.
67 Ibidem, rola 182, cadrul 521.
685RPXOXVûHLüDQXop. cit., p. 365.
69 A. Stan, op. cit., p. 105.
70 Ibidem, p. 100.
71 5RPkQLDüL&RQIHULQ DGHSDFHGHOD3DULV, Cluj-Napoca, Ed. Dacia, 1983, p. 397.
73 Al. Vaida Voevod, op. cit., vol. II, p. 56.
74 5RPkQLDüL&RQIHULQ DGHSDFHGHOD3DULV, p. 399-400.
75 Ibidem, p. 401.
116

77 Monitorul Oficial, 18 iunie 1924.
78 Silviu Dragomir, Sârbii din Banatul românesc (1919 – 1940) S 0XO XPLP üL SH DFHDVW
cale domnulXLSURIHVRU1LFRODH%RFüDQSHQWUXSHUPLVLXQHDGHDFRQVXOWDDFHVWPDQXVFULV
79 Banatul românesc, 12 august 1920, p. 1.
80 Ibidem, 18 decembrie 1920, p. 1.
81 George Popoviciu, Memorii cu privire la integritatea Banatului&UDQVHEHü
82 Banatul românesc, 15 iulie 1920, p. 1.
83 Gligor Popi, op. cit , p. 35.
85 Gligor Popi, op. cit., p. 37.
86*K,%U WLDQXop. cit., p. 109-110.
87$UKLYHOH1D LRQDOH%XFXUHüWLmicrofilme)UDQ DUROa 131, cadrul 621-622.
88 Idem, fond Vaida-Voevod, dos. 50, 1919, f. 2-3.
89 Ibidem d.65/1919, f. 1
90 Ibidem d.123/1920, f. 1-2
91 Ioan I. Lapedatu, 0HPRULLüLDPLQWLUL,DüL(G,QVWLWXWXOXL(XURSHDQS
92 Viorica Moisuc, 3UHPLVHOHL]RO ULLSROLtice a României%XFXUHüWL(G+XPDQLWDVS-75.
93 Milan Vanku, 0LFD ÍQ HOHJHUH üL SROLWLFD H[WHUQ D ,XJRVODYLHL (1920-1938) %XFXUHüWL (G
3ROLWLF S
94 V. Moisuc, op. cit., p. 76-101.
95 Ibidem, p. 102-104.
96 Ibidem, p. 104-105.
97 Ibidem, p.104-106.
98 Ibidem, p.106-107.
99 Ibidem, p.108-110.
100 Monitorul Oficial, 10 iulie 1921.
101 R.Bossy, $PLQWLULGLQYLD DGLSORPDWLF , vol.I, Bucuresti, Ed.Humanitas, p. 50-51.
102 Cf. M. Vanku, 0LFDÍQ HOHJHUHüLSROLWLFDH[WHUQ D,XJRVODYLHL, p. 86.
104 Ibidem, p. 48.
105 Ibidem, p. 49.
106$UKLYHOH1D LRQDOH%XFXUHüWLIRQG&DVD5HJDO , d. 34/1922, f. 49.
107 Ibidem, f. 36.
108 Ibidem, f. 41.V. Moisuc, op. cit., p. 128-129.
109$3O P GHDO &RQWULEX LLLVWRULFHSULYLQGSHULRDGD 1918-1939, Elie Miron Cristea, documente,
vQVHPQ ULüLFRUHVSRQGHQ H, Sibiu, 1987, p. 331-332.

111 Ibidem, f. 61.
112 Ibidem, f. 63.
113 Arhiva MAE, fond 71 Iugoslavia, vol. 68, f. 328.
114 A.Pl P GHDO op. cit., p. 332.
115 M. Vanku, op. cit., p. 31-32.
116 V. Moisuc, op. cit., p. 128-129.
117
117 Ibidem, p. 130.

118 E.I. Bold, op. cit., p. 89-90.
119 I.G. Duca, Memorii%XFXUHüWL(G0DFKLDYHOLYROS
120 Ibidem, p. 267-268.
121 N. Titulescu, Documente diplomatice%XFXUHüWL(G3ROLWLF S
122 I.G. Duca, op. cit., p. 270.
123 Ion I. Lapedatu, op. cit., p. 226-227.
124 N. Titulescu, op. cit., p. 81.
125 Arhiva M. A. E., fond Mica Intelegere, vol. 1, f. 25.
126 M. Vanku, op. cit., p. 40.
127 Ibidem, loc. cit.
128 Ibidem, p. 111-112.
130 $UKLY 0$(, fond 71 Iugoslavia, vol. 49, f. 60-61.
131 Ibidem, f. 71.
132 Arhiva MAE, fond 0LFDÍQ HOHJHUH, vol. 1, f. 15.
133 Idem, fond 71 Iugoslavia, vol. 49, f. 73.
134$UKLYHOH1D LRQDOH%XFXUHüWLIRQG3UHüHGLQ LD&RQVLOLXOXLGH0LQLüWUL, d. 126/1920, f. 197.
135 Idem, IRQG&DVD5HJDO dos. 27/1925, f. 109.
136 Ibidem, d.28/1925, f. 168-170.
137 Eliza Campus, ÍQ HOHJHUHD%DOFDQLF %XFXUHüWL(G$FDGHPLHL565S-22.
142 Grigor Popi, op. cit. p. 67.
143 Ibidem, p. 75-76.
144 N. Titulescu, op. cit., p. 239-240.
146 Ibidem, p. 85.
147 M. Vanku, op. cit., p. 54-55.
151'HVSUHFRQ LQXWXOSODQXOXL<RXQJüLFRQVHFLQ HOHVDOHDVXSUD,XJRVODYLHLüL5RPkQiei vezi
E. Bold, op. cit., p. 170-204.

152 Ibidem, p. 204-206.
153 Ibidem, p. 219-220.
154 V. Moisuc, op. cit., p. 290-292.
155 Ibidem, p. 316-319.
158 V. Moisuc, op. cit., p. 320-321.
118
160 Ibidem, p. 515-517.

161 R. Bossy, op. cit., p. 223-224.
162$UKLYHOH1D LRQDOH%XFXUHüWLIRQG&DVD5HJDO , d. 101/1930, f. 1, 4-5.
163 Arhiva MAE, fond 0LFDÍQ HOHJHUH, vol. 9, f. 264, 267.
165 Ibidem, f. 268.
166$UKLYHOH1D LRQDOH%XFXUHüWLIRQG&DVD5HJDO , d. 173/1932, f.13.
167 Ibidem, f. 10.
168 V. Moisuc, op. cit., p. 331.
172 N. Titulescu, op. cit., p. 515-517
174 Walter M. Bacon Jr., Nicolae Titulescu, Iaüi, Institutul European, 1999, p. 226.
175 Ibidem, p. 227.
176 R. Bossy, op. cit., p. 229.
179 Idem, 3ROLWLFDH[WHUQ D5RPkQLHLp. 84.
180 Idem, Documente diplomatice, p. 541.
181 Ibidem, p. 556-558.
182 Arhiva MAE, fond 71 Iugoslavia, vol. 2, f. 58-59.
183 Ibidem, f. 68.
184 M. Vanku, op. cit., p. 100-103.
185 Walter M. Bacon, op. cit., p. 235.
186 M. Vanku, op. cit., p. 571.
187 Ibidem, p. 574-575.
188$UKLYHOH1D LRQDOH%XFXUHüWLIRQG3UHüHGLQ LD&RQVLOLXOXLGH0LQLüWUL, d. 126/1920, f. 401-402.
189 M. Vanku, op. cit., p. 107-109.
190 Walter M. Bacon Jr., Nicolae Titulescu, p. 208-209.
192 M. Vanku, op. cit., p. 32-33.
194 E. Bold, op. cit., p. 92-97.
195 V. Moisuc, op. cit., p. 194-196.
197 V. Moisuc, op. cit., p. 296-302.
200 Ibidem, p. 573.
201 E. Bold, op. cit., p. 225.
202 M. Vanku, op. cit., p. 130.
203 Ibidem, p. 134-135.
119
204 Ibidem, p. 131-133.

205 Walter M. Bacon, op. cit., p. 266-267.
211 M. Vanku, op. cit., p. 122-123.
213 Walter M. Bacon Jr., op. cit., p. 267.
215 M. Vanku, op. cit. p. 124.
218 M. Vanku, op. cit., p. 125.
219 Ibidem, p. 127.
221 Ibidem, loc.cit.
222 Idem, fond 0LFDÍQ HOHJHUHYROI-60.
223 V. Moisuc, op. cit., p. 334-336.
225 M. Vanku, op. cit., p. 151-54. Aceasi parere este exprimata si de catre istoricul Gligor Popi
in op. cit.. p. 143.

226 Ibidem, p. 154-155.
227 Ibidem, p. 124.
228 Ibidem, p. 156.
230 Ibidem, f. 175.
232 Idem, 3ROLWLFDH[WHUQ D5RPkQLHL, p. 161-167.
233 Idem, Documente diplomatice, p. 778.
234 Ibidem, p. 812-813.
236 Ibidem, f. 58-60.
237 R. Bossy, op. cit., p. 286.
238 M. Vanku, op. cit., p. 159.
240 Walter M. Bacon Jr., op. cit., p. 268.
241 Ibidem, p. 273.
242 Rebecca Haynes, Politica Romaniei fata de Germania intre 1936 si 1940, Iasi, 2003, p. 21.
243 Ibidem, p. 174.
244 Ibidem, p. 37, 39.
245 Ibidem, p. 16.
246 M. Vanku, op. cit., p. 170.
120

248 M. Vanku, op. cit.,, p. 183.
249 Ibidem, p. 174-178.
250 Ibidem, p. 180.
251 Ibidem, p. 178-179.
253 M. Vanku, op. cit., p. 173-174.
254 Ibidem, p. 183.
255 N. Titulescu, 3ROLWLFDH[WHUQ D5RPkQLHL, p. 72-77.
256 Alexandru Cretzianu, Ocazia pierduta, Iasi, 1998, p.46-47.
257 Arhiva M. A. E., fond 71 Iugoslavia, f. 70-71.
259 Ibidem, p. 162.
260 Ibidem, p. 157.
261 R. Bossy, op. cit., p. 296-298.
262 Ibidem, p. 312.
264 Arhiva MAE, fond 71 Iugoslavia, vol. 5, f. 96, 128.
265 Ibidem, fond 71 Iugoslavia, vol. 51, f. 34-35.
266 M. Vanku, op. cit., p. 184.
267 Ibidem, p. 186-187.
268 R. Bossy, op. cit., p. 327-333.
270 Ibidem, f. 241.
271 M. Vanku, op. cit., p. 194-195.
272 Ibidem, p. 194.
274 Rebecca Haynes, op. cit., p. 29.
275 Ibidem, p. 32.
276 Ibidem, p. 36.
277 M. Vanku, op. cit., p. 199-200. Vezi si Eugene Boia, Romania’ s Diplomatic Relations with
Iugoslavia in the Interwar Period, 1919-1941, 1993, p. 231, apud Rebecca Haynes, op. cit. p.46.
279 Rebecca Haynes, op. cit., p. 49-51.
280Arhiva M. A. E., fond 71 Iugoslavia, vol. 6, f. 48, 60.
281$UKLYHOH1D LRQDOH%XFXUHüWLIRQG&DVD5HJDO , d.117/1938, f. 1, 3.
283 Idem, fond 0LFDÍQ HOHJHUH, vol. 18, f. 31.
284 M. Vanku, op. cit., p. 227-229.
285 0DUHDFRQIODJUD LHPRQGLDO DVHFROXOXL;;%XFXUHüWL(G3ROLWLF S
286 Ibidem, p. 52.
288 M. Vanku, op. cit., p. 210-211.
289 Ibidem, p. 207-209.
121

291 V. Moisuc, op. cit., p. 339-341.
292 M. Vanku, op. cit., p. 223.
293 R. Bossy, op. cit., vol. II, p. 31-32.
294 Gligor Popi, op. cit. p. 178.
296V. Moisuc, op. cit., p. 341-351
297Ibidem., p. 341-345.
298 A.J.P. Taylor, Originile celui de-DOGRLOHDU ]ERLPRQGLDO, Ed. Polirom, 1999, p. 149.
299 Arhiva M. A. E. fond 71 Iugoslavia, vol. 6, f. 95.
300 M. Vanku, op. cit., p. 226.
301 M.A. E., fond 71 Iugoslavia, vol. 19, f. 60.
302 Ibidem.
303$UKLYHOH1D LRQDOH%XFXUHüWLIRQG&DVD5HJDO , d.153/1938, f.6.
305 Ibidem, f. 173-174.
306 Ibidem, f.184.
307 Ibidem,vol. 51, f. 178.
308 Ibidem, f.181-184.
309 Ibidem, f. 184.
310 Ibidem, f.187-189.
311 Ibidem, f. 192.
312 Gligor Popi, op. cit., p.178.
313 Rebecca Haynes, op. cit., p. 57-58.
314 Ibidem, p. 61.
315 Gligor Popi, op. cit. p.184.
316 Arhiva M. A. E., fond71 Iugoslavia, vol. 51, f. 166.
317 Raoul Bossy, op. cit., p.95.
318 Arhiva M.A.E., fond Mica Intelegere, vol. 19, f. 173.
319M.Vanku, op. cit., p.247.
320Gligor Popi. op. cit., p. 187.
321 M. Vanku, op. cit., p. 247.
322 Arhiva M. A. E., fond Mica Intelegere, vol. 19, f. 61.
323 Arhiva MAE. fond 71 Iugoslavia ,vol.51,f.160.
324 M. Vanku, op. cit., p. 226.
325Arhiva M. A. E., fond 71 Iugoslavia, vol. 70, f. 252-257.
326 Idem, fond Mica In elegere, vol. 31, f. 66.
327 Iidem, fond 71 Iugoslavia, vol. 6. f. 90.
328 Gr. Gafencu, Preliminarii la r zboiul din r s rit, Bucureüti, Ed. Globus, 1996, p. 230.
330 Arhiva M. A. E., fond 71 Iugoslavia, vol. 51, f. 284.
331 Ibidem, f. 277.
332 Ibidem, f. 388-389.
122
334Arhiva M. A. E., fond 71 Iugoslavia, f.283.

335 Ibidem, vol. 52, f. 34.
336 Ibidem, f. 32.
337 Calafeteanu, Diploma ia româneasca în sud estul Europei, Bucureüti, Ed. Politica, 1980, p. 60.
338 Ibidem, p. 61-66.
340 Ibidem, f. 38-40.
341 Ibidem, f. 80.
342 Armand C linescu, Însemn ri politice, Bucureüti, Ed. Humanitas, 1990, p. 414.
343 Ibidem, p. 418.
344 R. Bossy, op. cit., vol. II, p. 135.
345 Gr. Gafencu, op. cit., p. 234.
347 R. Bossy, op. cit., p. 137-140.
348 Arhiva M. A. E., fond 71 Iugoslavia, vol. 52, f. 92-93.
349 Ibidem, f. 93.
350 Ibidem, f. 93.
351 Ibidem, vol. 6, f. 280-281.
352 Gr. Gafencu, op. cit., p. 239-240.
353Ibidem.
354Arhiva M. A. E., fond 71 Iugoslavia, vol. 6, f. 304.
355Ibidem, f. 307.
357R. Bossy, op. cit., p. 142.

359 Ibidem, vol. 52, f. 112.
360 Ibidem, f. 118.
361 Ibidem, f. 104.
362 Ibidem, f. 103.
363 Ibidem, f. 112-118.
364 Ibidem, f. 107.
365 Ibidem, f. 121.
366 Ibidem, vol. 6, f. 355-356.
367 Fl. Constantiniu, Între Hitler üi Stalin. România i pactul Ribbentrop-Molotov, Bucure ti, Ed.
Danubius, 1991, p. 58.

368 Ibidem.
369 Ibidem, p. 59.
370 Ibidem.
371 Ibidem.
373 Ibidem, f. 150.
374 Ibidem, f. 138.
375 Idem, fond Mica Intelegere, vol. 31, f.36.
123
377 Idem, fond Mica Intelegere, vol. 31, f. 144.

378 Idem, fond 71 Iugoslavia, vol. 52, f. 164..
379 Ibidem, vol. 11, f. 44.
380 Ibidem, vol. 52, f. 168.
381 Ibidem, vol 11, f. 52.
382 Fl. Constantiniu, op. cit., p. 60-61.
383 Ibidem, p. 62-64.
384Al. Cretzianu, op. cit., p. 53.
386 Ibidem,p. 54.
387 Ibidem.
388 Ibidem,p. 366.
389 Rebcca Haynes, op. cit., p. 125.
390 Ibidem, p.129.
391 Al. Cretzianu, op. cit., p. 55.
393 Ibidem, vol. 11, f. 80.
394 E. Campus, op. cit., p. 319.
397 E. Campus, op. cit., p. 320-321.
398 Ibidem, p. 321-322.
400 Ibidem, vol. 11, f. 130-131.
401 E. Campus, op. cit., p. 336-337.
403 Ibidem, vol. 11, f. 177-179.
404 E. Campus, op. cit., p. 330-334.
405 Ibidem, p. 334.
407 Ibidem, f. 190.
408 Ibidem, vol. 52, f. 222-223.
409 Ibidem.
411 Arhiva M. A. E. fond 71 Iugoslavia, vol. 6, f. 433.
412 Carol al II-lea, Însemnari zilnice, Bucuresti, vol.I, p. 379.
413 I. Calafeteanu, op. cit., p. 241.
414 Ibidem, p. 242-243.
416 Ibidem, p. 139.
419Arhiva M. A. E., fond 71 Iugoslavia, vol. 52, f. 262-263.
420Arhiva M. A. E., fond 71 Iugoslavia, vol. 12, f. 105.
124

423 E. Campus, op. cit., p. 360-361.
426 Ibidem, f. 337.
427 Dacia, 27 mai 1940, p. 8.
429 Ibidem, vol. 13, f. 55.
430 Ibidem, vol. 53, f. 3.
433 Ibidem, f. 357.
434 Ibidem, vol. 53, f. 496.
435 Ibidem, f. 3.
436 Ibidem.
437 Ibidem, f. 497.
438 Ibidem, f. 497-498.
439 Ibidem, vol. 52, f. 373.
440 0DUHDFRQIODJUD LHPRQGLDO DVHFROXOXL;;, p. 118-119.
441 M. Manoilescu, Memorii, iulie-august 1940. Dictatul de la Viena %XFXUHüWL (G
(QFLFORSHGLF S
443 Ibidem, vol. 53, f. 498.
444 Ibidem, vol. 13, f. 157.
445 Gr. Gafencu, Ultimele zile ale Europei%XFXUHüWL(G(QFLFORSHGLF S
446 Idem, 3UHOLPLQDULLODU ]ERLXOGLQU V ULW p. 139-142.
451 Ibidem, p. 123.
452 Ibidem, p. 244.
454 9RLQ D%DQDWXOXL, 28 februarie 1932, p. 4.
455 M. Vanku, &RODERUDUHD SDUODPHQWDU GLQWUH ,XJRVODYLD üL 5RPkQLD vQWUH FHOH GRX U ]ERDLH
mondiale, în Lumina, nr. 3-4, 1974, p. 209-211.

456 Ibidem, p. 210-211.
457 Arhiva Ministerului afacerilor externe, fond 0LFDÍQ HOHJHUH, vol.50, f. 328
458 ArhivelHQD LRQDOH%XFXUHüWLIRQG&DVD5HJDO , d. 27, 1925.,f. 53,
459 Arhiva MAE, fond 71 Iugoslavia, vol. 49,f. 150-151,
460 Ibidem f. 303, 206,
461 Ibidem, vol. 51, f. 41-43.
462 Ibidem,vol. 5, f. 290.
125
463 Ibidem, f. 297.

464 Ibidem, f. 291-292.
465$UKLYHOH1D LRQDOH%XFXUHüWLIRQG&DVD5HJDO , d. 15-1938, f. 1.
466 'XPLWUX 7X X $OLDQ H PLOLWDUH DOH 5RPkQLHL -1939), în 3UREOHPH GH SROLWLF H[WHUQ D
României.1918-1940%XFXUHüWL(GLWXUD0LOLWDU YRO,,S 148.

467 Arhiva MAE, fond 0LFDÍQ HOHJHUH, Vol. 50, f. 326.
468 Ibidem, f. 330.
469 Ibidem, f. 334.
470 Ibidem, f. 336-337.
471 Ibidem, f. 338.
472'XPLWUX7X Xop. cit. p. 148.
473 Arhiva MAE, fond 0LFDÍQ HOHJHUH, vol.50, f. 341.
474 Ibidem, f. 343.
475 Ibidem, f. 344.
476 Ibidem, f. 347-348.
477 Ibidem, f. 349.
478 Idem, fond 71 Iugoslavia, vol.52, f. 198- 199.
479 Ibidem, vol. 11, f. 39, 42.
480 Ibidem, f. 139.
481 Ibidem, f. 141.
482 Ibidem, vol. 12, f. 86.
483'XPLWUX7X Xop. cit., p. 110.
484 Milan Vanku, op. cit., p. 63.
485 Ibidem, p. 239.
486 Ibidem, p. 235-236.
487 Ibidem, p. 239.
488 DXPLWUX7X Xop. cit., p. 128.
489 Ibidem, p. 130.
490 Eliza Campus, ÍQ HOHJHUHD%DOFDQLF , p. 205.
491 Ibidem, p. 210.
492 Ibidem, p. 350.
493 Arhiva MAE, fond 71 Iugoslavia, vol .52, f. 236.
494 Ibidem, f. 258.
495 Ibidem, vol. 12, f. 65.
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132
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134
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135
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96
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136
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137
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138
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române127.
139
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hore, membrii ambelor coruri jucând într-RVROLGDULWDWHVXIOHWHDVF üLFLPHQWDW
prietenie129.
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“Notes roumaines sur l’architecture religieuse serbe”133 üL * %DOü
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0XQWHQLDWUHFXW SULQILOLHU iugoslav 134.
140
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constituire140.
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141
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Skopje etc.
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unui sprijin sporit din partea statului român, în vederea constituirii unei
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studiu etc.141.
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142
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limpezit, într-R UHVSHFWDELO P VXU viziunea gazetarilor iugoslavi privind
RomâniaÍQDFHVWVSLULWVHvQVFULHüLPHPRULXO]LDULVWXOXLiugoslav I. Povolni
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iugoslavo-române148.
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vizite, gazetarul Eugen TiteanuDU WDF DXIRVWYL]LWDWHSURYLQFLLOH6HUELD
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români s-DXvQWkOQLWFXDUKLPDQGULWXOGU9XLþFDUHvQWU-RGLVFX LHvQOLPED
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ûDJXQD149.
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iugoslavii”154.
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143
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EDQFKHW vQ RQRDUHD RDVSH LORU 6-au rostit toasturi pentru unirea ambelor
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ÍPS U LUHD %DQDWXOXL vQWUH 5RPkQLD üL Regatul Sârbo – Croato -

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istoricului iugoslav Gligor Popi160.
144
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cadrul unui protRSRSLDW FX UHüHGLQ D OD 6DU D D]L 6XWMHVND LDU FHOHODOWH
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%LVHULFD2UWRGR[ 5RPkQ GLQ%DQDWXOiugoslav se confrunta imediat
GXS U ]ERL FX R VLWXD LH GLILFLO GDWRUDW vQ VSHFLDO H[SURSULHULL DYHULORU
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QD LRQDOL] ULL HGLILFLLORU üFRODUH FDUH VH J VHDX vQ SRVHVLD FRPXQHORU
ELVHULFHüWL SUHFXP üL D LQWHU]LFHULL GUHSWXOXL SUHR LORU URPkQL GH D SUHGD
UHOLJLDvQüFROLOHSULPDUH162.
7RDWHDFHVWHP VXULOXDWHGHDXWRULW LOHiugoslave au determinat un
QXP U PDUH GH SUHR L URPkQL GLQ %DQDWXO iugoslav V VH UHIXJLH]H vQ
România. Astfel, Theodor Emandi, reprezentantul diplomatic al României
în Regatul Sârbo-Croato-6ORYHQ HYLGHQ LD F GDF vQ DMXQXO SULPXOXL
U ]ERLPRQGLDOvüLGHVI üXUDXDFWLYLWDWHDvQSURYLQFLHGHSUHR LURPkQL
vQ DX PDL U PDV GRDU $XWRULW LOH iugoslavH DU WDX F DFHDVW
HYROX LH VH GDWRUD VF GHULL QXP UXOXL SRSXOD LHL URPkQH GLQ %DQDWXO
iugoslav, argument care în opinia diplomatului român era neserios163.
ÍQ FHHD FH SULYHüWH %LVHULFD 2UWRGR[ 6kUE GLQ %DQDWXO URPkQHVF
Consiliul Dirigent, prin adresa nr.18344 din 20 aprilie 1920DVXEOLQLDWF YD
UHVSHFWD DXWRQRPLD üL WRDWH FHOHODOWH GUHSWXUL DOH DFHVWHLD DFRUGkQGX-I
vQWUHJXOV XVSULMLQPRUDOüLPDWHULDOvQYHGHUHDXQHLIXQF LRQ ULQRUPDOH
&RQVLOLXO 'LULJHQW vüL H[SULPD FRQYLQJHUHD F üL URPkQLL GLQ %DQDWXO
iugoslav vor benefLFLDGHDFHOHDüLGUHSWXUL164.
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DURPkQ EHQHILFLD GH ELVHULFL SURSULL vQF GLQ WLPSXO RFXSD LHL WXUFHüWL
GDWRULW OHJLVOD LHL WXUFHüWL VWDWXO URPkQ D VSULMLQLW PDWHULDO ELVHULFD GH DLFL
prin intermediul unor particulari români). Acest statut s-DPHQ LQXWüLGXS FH
SURYLQFLDDIRVWDOLSLW OD6HUELDSkQ vQFkQGHDDIRVWRFXSDW GHF WUH
trupele bulgare165 'XS OXFUXULOH V-DX VFKLPEDW UDGLFDO DXWRULW LOH
iugoslaveDILUPkQGF SRSXOD LDDURPkQ QXPDLSXWHDEHQHILFLDGHGUHSWXULOH
GLQDLQWHGHU ]ERLGHRDUHFH5RPkQLDQXDUHVSHFWDWWUDWDWXOvQFKHLDWvQFX
6HUELD%HOJUDGXOPDLVXEOLQLDüLIDSWXOF WRDWHvQ HOHJHULOHvQFKHLDWHvQDLQWHGH
1914 erau înlocuite prin noile tratatHDGRSWDWHOD&RQIHULQ D3 FLLGHOD3DULV166.
145
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,XJRVODYLD vQWUH %XFXUHüWL üL %HOJUDG V-D GHVI üXUDW R LQWHQV DFWLYLWDWH
GLSORPDWLF vQvQWUHDJDSHULRDG LQWHUEHOLF 7RWRGDW /HJD LDURPkQ Gin
Belgrad a sesizat, în repetate rânduri, comportamentul abuziv al
DXWRULW LORUiugoslaveID GHSUHR LLURPkQLFHvüLGHVI üXUDXDFWLYLWDWHDvQ
,XJRVODYLD$VWIHOHVWHUHODWDWFD]XOXQXLSUHRWUHSDUWL]DWGHF WUHHSLVFRSXO
GH &DUDQVHEHü vQ ORFDOLWDWHD 'HOLEODWR üL FDUH D IRVW H[SXO]DW GH F WUH
DXWRULW LOH iugoslave VXE DFX]D LD GH DPHVWHF vQ SROLWLFD LQWHUQ D
Regatului Sârbo-Croato-6ORYHQ5DSRUWXOSUHFL]DF DFHVWSUHWH[WHUDIRORVLW
GHF WUHDXWRULW LSHQWUXWR LLQWHOHFWXDOLLURPkQLFDUHvüLI FHDu datoria de
DDS UDLQWHUHVHOHFRQD LRQDOLORUORU7UHEXLHDU WDWWRWXüLIDSWXOF vQXUPD
LQWHUYHQ LHL%XFXUHüWLXOXLRUGLQXOGHH[SXO]DUHDIRVWUHYRFDW167.
La 20 ianuarie 1920, Theodor Emandi îl informa pe ministrul de
H[WHUQHURPkQ7DNH,RQHVFXF UHIXJLD LLUXüLDIOD LSHWHULWRULXO5HJDWXOXL
Sârbo-Croato-6ORYHQ vQ VSHFLDO SUHR L F XWDX V VH LQILOWUH]H vQ VDWHOH
URPkQHüWLGHDLFL$FHüWLDVHEXFXUDXGHVSULMLQXODXWRULW LORUiugoslavHüL
XUP UHDXV ILHGHVHPQD LFDSUHR LvQORFXOFHORUURPkQLFDUe, din cauza
SHUVHFX LLORUDXS U VLW5HJDWXO6kUER-Croato-Sloven168.
ÍQ SULYLQ D 0DFHGRQLHL iugoslave UDSRUWXO /HJD LHL URPkQH GH OD
%HOJUDG GLQ QRLHPEULH UHODWD F SUHRWXO iugoslav din Bitolije avea
SUHWHQ LD V vL ILH SUH]HQWDW EXJHWXOELVHULFLL URPkQH GLQ RUDüLDU VHUYLFLXO
UHOLJLRVV QXvQFHDS I U DFRUGXOV XÍQXUPDLQWHUYHQ LHLüHIXOXL/HJD LHL
române din Belgrad, comportamentul acestuia a devenit mai moderat169.
7RWXüL VLWXD LD QX V-a schimbat în ansamblu: un alt raport diplomatic
redacWDWODVIkUüLWXODFHOXLDüLDQVXEOLQLDF vQ0DFHGRQLDiugoslavHDVF vüL
GHVI üXUDDFWLYLWDWHDODDFHDGDW GRDUELVHULFDGLQ%LWROLMH6HPDLSUHFL]D
IDSWXOF DXWRULW LOHiugoslaveHUDXIHUPKRW UkWHFDDWkWvQ0DFHGRQLDFvW
üL vQ %DQDWXO iugoslav V VH SURFHGH]H OD R VLVWHPDWLF üL ULJXURDV
GH]QD LRQDOL]DUHDURPkQLORUÍQID DDFHVWXLSHULFROHUDQHFHVDU UHDOL]DUHD
XQHL SURWHF LL HIHFWLYH GLQ SDUWHD VWDWXOXL URPkQ vQ VSHFLDO vQ GRPHQLXO
bisericesc170.
6LWXD LD SUHFDU D %LVHULFLL 2UWRGR[H 5RPkQH GLn Regatul Sârbo-
Croato-Sloven s-DDIODWüLvQDWHQ LDVLQRGXOXLHSDUKLDODO'LHFH]HL2UWRGR[H
D&DUDQVHEHüXOXL$FHVWDvQWUXQLWvQLQYLWDFRQVLVWRULXOGLHFH]DQV VH
adreseze guvernului român pentru a interveni la Belgrad în vederea
DVLJXU ULLXQHLIXQF LRQ ULQRUPDOHDDFWLYLW LL%LVHULFLL2UWRGR[H5RPkQH
GLQ UHJDWXO YHFLQ vQ WHPHLXO UHFLSURFLW LL ÍQ DFHODüL WLPSIRUXO ELVHULFHVF
146
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DFFHSWDW UHIXJLHUHD vQ 5RPkQLD D SUHR LORr români din Regatul Sârbo-
Croato-Sloven171.
Referindu-VH OD DFHHDüL SUREOHP 0LQLVWHUXO &XOWHORU vQWU-R DGUHV
WULPLV 0LQLVWHUXOXL $IDFHULORU 6WU LQH SUHFL]D F iugoslavLL WUHEXLDX V
respecte drepturile românilor din Banatul iugoslav de a se organiza într-un
YLFDULDW DXWRQRP UHVSHFWLY D XQHL HSLVFRSLL URPkQH FDUH V GHSLQG GH
%LVHULFD2UWRGR[ 6kUE QXPDLvQSUREOHPHOHVSLULWXDOH172.
3R]L LD S U LL iugoslavH vQ SULYLQ D %LVHULFLL 2UWRGR[H 5RPkQH GLQ
Regatul Sârbo-Croato-Sloven, a fost exprLPDW GHF tre primul ministru N.
3DåLþODPDLFkQGDFHVWDDU VSXQVODRLQWHUSHODUHD3DUODPHQWXOXL
de la Belgrad. Liderul iugoslavDFRQGDPQDW5RPkQLDF QXDWUDQVSXVvQ
SUDFWLF SUHYHGHULOH WUDWDWXOXL GH OD %XFXUHüWL vQ PRPHQWXO FkQG 6HUELD D
fost atacaW %XFXUHüWLXO GHFODUkQG F U ]ERLXO vQFHSXW HVWH PRQGLDO üL QX
EDOFDQLF 3DåLþ D UHODWDW vQ FRQWLQXDUH FD]XO XQXL SUHRW FDUH D GHFODUDW F
HVWH VXSXV URPkQ üL FDUH D GHVFKLV ELVHULF vQ FDUH RGLQLRDU VH RILFLDX
VOXMEH UHOLJLRDVH URPkQHüWL 3UHRWXO D IRVW vPSLHGLFDW GH F WUH DXWRULW LOH
iugoslaveV DFWLYH]HQXSHQWUXF VOXMHDvQOLPEDURPkQ FLGRDUSHQWUXF
HUD VXSXV URPkQ ÍQ FD]XO vQ FDUH URPkQLL DU DFFHSWD FD SUHR L VXSXüL
iugoslavLV RILFLH]HvQ5RPkQLD%HOJUDGXODUDFRUGDDFHODüLGUHSWSUHR Llor
VXSXüLURPkQL$U WkQGF GDF FRPXQHOHURPkQHüWLGLQVXGXO'XQ ULLV-ar
fi adresat guvernului iugoslav în vederea redeschiderii bisericilor lor, ar fi
SULPLWDFHDVW DSUREDUH3DåLþSURSXQHDGUHSWVROX LHvQYHGHUHDUH]ROY ULL
SUREOHPHLELVHULFHüWLSULQFLSLXOUHFLSURFLW LLÍQvQFKHLHUHDGLVFXUVXOXLV X
cunoscutul om politic iugoslav D VXEOLQLDW GRULQ D %HOJUDGXOXL GH D
vQWUH LQH UHOD LL SULHWHQHüWL FX 5RPkQLD173 $QDOL]kQG LQWHUYHQ LD OXL 3DåLþ
din Parlamentul iugoslav, reprezentantul român din capitala Regatului
Sârbo-Croato-6ORYHQ 7K (PDQGL VXEOLQLD QHFHVLWDWHD FD DXWRULW LOH
URPkQH V -, FHDU DFHVWXLD DSOLFDUHD SULQFLSLXOXL UHFLSURFLW LL GHRDUHFH
iugoslavLLQ VFX LvQ6HUELDüLFDUHHUDXVXSXüLDL5HJDWXOXL6kUER-Croato-
6ORYHQIXQF LRQDXvQDFHOPRPHQWFDSUHR LvQ%DQDWXOURPkQHVF174.
Pentru stingerea acestui conflict, la 7 iunie 1921, s-D DMXQV OD R SULP
vQ HOHJHUH vQWUH FHOH GRX S U L $VWIHO 1 3DåLþ üL 7DNH ,RQHVFX DX KRW UkW
FRQVWLWXLUHDDGRX GHOHJD LLFDUHXUPDXV UH]ROYHSUREOHPDELVHULFHDVF SH
ED]DSULQFLSLXOXL UHFLSURFLW LL&RQYRUELULOH UHIHULWRDUHODDFHVWHFKHVWLXQL DX
fost purtate în temeiul Protocolului suplimentar nr. 3, ce a fost anexat la
7UDWDWXOGHDOLDQ GLQWUHFHOHGRX VWDWHvQFKHLDWODLXQLH175. S-a stabilit
147
FXDFHVWSULOHMFDSUREOHPDELVHULFLORUURPkQHüWLGLQ0DFHGRQLDV ILHOXDW vQ

GLVFX LHGXS UHDOL]DUHDXQHLFRQYHQ LLELVHULFHüWLSULYLQG%DQDWXO176.
În perioada care a urmat încheierii acestui acord, Ministerul de
([WHUQH GH OD %XFXUHüWL D LQWHUYHQLW OD %HOJUDG SHQWUX VROX LRQDUHD
FKHVWLXQLL 8Q DVWIHO GH GHPHUV D IRVW UHDOL]DW GH F WUH üHIXO GLSORPD LHL
URPkQHüWL ,* 'XFD vQ vQWUHYHGHUHD SH FDUH D DYXW-R FX RPRORJXO V X
iugoslav 0 1LQ Lþ FX SULOHMXO FRQIHULQ HL GH OD /DXVDQQH FHL GRL
pronun kQGX-VHSHQWUXUH]ROYDUHDJUDEQLF DSUREOHPHLELVHULFHüWL$XPDL
DYXWORFGHDVHPHQHDRVHULHGHvQWkOQLULvQWUH7K(PDQGLüL01LQ Lþ177.
La 15 mai 1922, într-XQ UDSRUW F WUH 'XFD (PDQGL DU WD F SHQWUX
UH]ROYDUHD DFHVWHL SUREOHPH %XFXUHüWLXO WUHEXLD V SURILWH GH F V WRULD
UHJHOXL$OH[DQGUXFXSULQ HVD0 ULRDUD178.
ÍQYHGHUHDSUHJ WLULLSULPHLFRQIHULQ HDFRPLVLHLPL[WHGHOD%HOJUDG
(oct. 1922), consistoriul mitropolitan de la Sibiu a elaborat un material
privitor la organizarea Bisericii Ortodoxe Române din Regatul Sârbo-
Croato-Sloven (9 sept. 6H SUHFL]D FX DFHDVW RFD]LH F ELVHULFD üL
FUHGLQFLRüLL HL GLQ 5HJDWXO 6kUER-Croato-6ORYHQ WUHEXLDX V U PkQ vQ
OHJDWXUL FDQRQLFH FX HSDUKLLOH OD FDUH DX DSDU LQXW vQDLQWH GH VWDWRUQLFLUHD
noilor frontLHUH ILLQG RUJDQL]D L GXS OHJHD ELVHULFHDVF FXSULQV vQ
statutul organic al Bisericii Ortodoxe Române LDU GXS UH]ROYDUHD
SUREOHPHL RUJDQL] ULL FHORU GRX ELVHULFL HUD QHFHVDU V VH WUHDF OD
VROX LRQDUHD FHORUODOWH FKHVWLXQL SHQGLQWH D P Q VWLULORU SUHFXP üL D
IXQGD LHL7UDQGDILO179.
ÍQYHGHUHDvQFKHLHULLFRQYHQ LHLüFRODU-ELVHULFHüWLV-a întâlnit la Belgrad,
vQ RFWRPEULH FRPLVLD PL[W URPkQR-iugoslav ÍQF GH OD vQFHSXW
SR]L LLOHFHORUGRX S U LDXIRVWGLIHULWHUHSUH]HQWDQ LLiugoslavi au DU WDWF
în cadrul Regatului Sârbo-Croato-6ORYHQ H[LVWD GRDU R VLQJXU ELVHULF FHD
RUWRGR[ iugoslav ÍQDFHVWHFRQGL LL%HOJUDGXODGPLWHDFD%LVHULFD2UWRGR[
5RPkQ V -üL GHVI üRDUH DFWLYLWDWHD VXE MXULVGLF LD XQXL HSLVFRS iugoslav.
Statul iugoslav uUPD V JDUDQWH]H OLEHUWDWHD OLPELL OLWXUJLFH URPkQHüWL ÍQ
SULYLQ D FDQGLGD LORU GH SUHR L URPkQL DFHüWLD XUPDX V ILH LQVWUXL L vQWU-o
VHF LHURPkQ GHSHOkQJ XQXOGLQVHPLQDULLOHiugoslave, având un program
GHSUHJ WLUHPL[W180.
ÍQ DFHODüL WLPS GHOHJD ii iugoslavL DX GHFODUDW F JXYHUQXO ORU HUD
GLVSXV V UHQXQ H OD (SLVFRSLD 2UWRGR[ GH OD 7LPLüRDUD PXO XPLQGX-se
FX XQ WUDWDPHQW GH UHFLSURFLWDWH SHQWUX %LVHULFD 2UWRGR[ 6kUE GLQ
Banatul românesc.
148
'HOHJD LLURPkQLDXDU WDWvQFXUVXOQHJRFLHULORUF %LVHULFD2UWRGR[

5RPkQ HVWH R ELVHULF QD LRQDO FDUH DYHD XQ GUHSW LVWRULF vQ %DQDW HD
existând în provincie înainte de venirea iugoslavilor, iar tratatele de pace
GHOD3DULVDVLJXUDXWXWXURUGUHSWXOGHDVHRUJDQL]D7RWRGDW V-a subliniat
IDSWXOF guvernul român a recunoscut autonomia Bisericii Ortodoxe Sârbe
din România, acordându-i-VH VSULMLQ PRUDO üL PDWHULDO 7RWXüL GDWRULW
LQWUDQVLJHQ HLGHOHJD LHLiugoslave negocierile au fost întrerupte181.
Referindu-VH ODDFHVWH WUDWDWLYHüHIXO GHOHJD LHL române N. Petrescu-
&RPQHQ DU WD F HOH DX HüXDW DWkW GDWRULW vPSRWULYLULL OXL 3DåLþ GDU üL D
Bisericii Ortodoxe Sârbe, care nu era de acord ca pe teritoriul Regatului
Sârbo-Croato-Sloven, V IXQF LRQH]H R %LVHULF 2UWRGR[ 5RPkQ
DXWRQRP ÍQDFHVWVHQVHSLVFRSXO/HWLþDU WDF vQWU-un stat nu pot exista
GRX ELVHULFLRUWRGR[H182.
ÍQ FLXGD HüHFXOXL FRQIHULQ HL GH OD VIkUüLWXO DQXOXL GHPHUVXULOH
vQWUHSULQVHGHSDUWHDURPkQ vQYHGHUHDUHJOHPHQW ULLFKHVWLXQLLELVHULFHüWL
DXFRQWLQXDWüLvQFXUVXODQXOXL7RWRGDW %XFXUHüWLXOHYLGHQ LDF GLQ
SXQFW GH YHGHUH FXOWXUDO üL VSLULWXDO VLWXD LD URPkQLORU DIOD L SH WHULWRULXO
statului vecin nu s-D vPEXQ W LW GHORF $VWIHO vQ 0DFHGRQLD ELVHULFD
URPkQ IXQF LRQDGRDUvQ%LWROLMHGDUvQFRQGL LLIRDUWHGLILFLOHDXWRULW LOH
iugoslave LPSXQkQG SUHRWXOXL GH DLFL V YHUVH WRDWH IRQGXULOH OD FDVD
0LWURSROLHL 2UWRGR[H 6kUEH V vQWRFPHDVF DFWHOH GH ERWH] FXQXQLH üL
GHFHV SUHFXP üL UHJLVWUHOH DGPLQLVWUDWLYH vQ OLPED iugoslav V RILFLH]H
slujbele religioasH GRDU vQ FRQGL LLOH vQ FDUH HUD DVLVWDW GH SUHRWXO
iugoslav183.
&X SULOHMXO FRQIHULQ HL 0LFLL ÍQ HOHJHUL GH OD 6LQDLD RFW
PLQLVWUXO GH H[WHUQH URPkQ , * 'XFD DWU JHD DWHQ LD RPRORJXOXL V X
iugoslav01LQ LþDVXSUDVLWXD LHLUHOLJLRDVHDDURPkQilor din Macedonia,
VROLFLWkQGvPEXQ W LUHDDFHVWHLD184.
La 19 noiembrie 1923 s-D GHVFKLV OD 7LPLüRDUD R QRX UXQG GH
QHJRFLHULvQWUHFHOHGRX S U LvQYHGHUHDVROX LRQ ULLSUREOHPHORUüFRODUHüL
ELVHULFHüWL 'HRDUHFH FX DFHVW SULOHM S U LOH DX VWDELOLW V DQDOL]H]H GRDU
SUREOHPDüFRODU VLWXD LDUHOLJLRDV QXDPDLIRVWDERUGDW OD7LPLüRDUD185.
ÍQDFHVWHFRQGL LLPLQLVWUXOURPkQGHH[WHUQHO-a delegat în ianuarie
SH üHIXO /HJD LHL URPkQH GH OD %HOJUDG V FRQWLQXH WUDWDWLYHOH FX
factorii decizionali iugoslavLvQYHGHUHDVROX LRQ ULLSUREOHPHORUELVHULFHüWL
existente vQWUH FHOH GRX VWDWH186. Având acest mandat, Th. Emandi s-a
întâlnit cu ministrul iugoslav DO FXOWHORU -DQLþ SURSXQkQGX-i încheierea
149
XQHL FRQYHQ LL ELVHULFHüWL SH ED] GH UHFLSURFLWDWe, dar a respins cererea
S U LLiugoslaveFDELQHFXYkQWDUHDSHQWUXFRQVDFUDUHDSUHR LORUV ILHGDW
de episcopul eparhial pentru fiecare preot în parte187. În aprilie 1924,
GLSORPDWXO URPkQ D DYXW R vQWUHYHGHUH FX PLQLVWUXO FXOWHORU OD DFHD GDW
7ULIXQRYLþ FDUH D IRVW GH DFRUG F QX V-a realizat nici un progres în
UH]ROYDUHD FKHVWLXQLL ELVHULFHüWL DFX]kQGX-l pentru aceasta pe Pašici188. În
cadrul convorbirilor pe care Th. Emandi le-a avut cu ministrul de externe
iugoslav 1LQ Lþ DFHVWD üL-a exprimat protestXO ID GH DFX]D LLOH DGXVH
guvernului iugoslavGHF WUHXQLL membrii ai Senatului României cu privire
ODVLWXD LD%LVHULFLL2UWRGR[H5RPkQHGLQ5HJDWXO6kUER-Croato-Sloven.
7RWRGDW üHIXOGLSORPD LHLiugoslavHDHYLGHQ LDWF vQ]RQD&Oisurii
'XQ ULL ORFDOLW L FX SRSXOD LH PDMRULWDU iugoslav QX GLVSXQHDX GH
biserici proprii189 /D UkQGXO V X GLSORPDWXO URPkQ D DU WDW F vQ
0DFHGRQLDO FDüXULOHURPkQHüWLGHFXOWUHVSHFWDWHGHWXUFLQXIXQF LRQDX
VXE DGPLQLVWUD LH iugoslav LDU SH GH DOW SDUWH VDODUL]DUHD SUHR LORU
iugoslavL GLQ %DQDWXO URPkQHVF HUD VXSRUWDW GH VWDWXO URPkQ OXFUX SH
care Belgradul nu-l realiza pentru SUHR LL URPkQL FH vüL GHVI üXUDX
activitatea în Banatul iugoslav.
$QDOL]kQG VLWXD LD GLQ &OLVXUD 'XQ ULL HYRFDW GH 0 1LQ Lþ
'HSDUWDPHQWXO&XOWHORUüL,QVWUXF LHL3XEOLFHGLQ5RPkQLDDU WDF vQFHOH
ORFDOLW LSUREOHPDELVHULFLORUHUDUH]ROYDW QXPLULOHGHSUHR LILLQGHIHFWXDWH
GH F WUH YLFDULDWXO iugoslav GLQ 7LPLüRDUD I U DPHVWHFXO VWDWXOXL URPkQ
([LVWHQ DELVHULFLORUiugoslaveSH&OLVXU VHDUDW vQFRQWLQXDUHDUDSRUWXOXLD
IRVWFRQILUPDW üLGH9LFDULDWXO2UWRGR[6kUEGLQ7LPLüRDUDSULQDGUHVDQU
GLQ DSULOLH FH D IRVW DGUHVDW 0LQLVWHUXOXL &XOWHORU ÍQ SOXV VWDWXO
URPkQSO WHDVDODULLOHDFHVWRUSUHR LGHüLPXO LGLQWUHHLQXSRVHGDXFDOLILFDUHD
QHFHVDU ILLQGVLPSOLF OXJ ULYHQL LGLQ%RVQLD190.
Într-un memoriu trimis Ministerului de Externe român, Th. Emandi
VXEOLQLD F SUREOHPD ELVHULFHDVF GLQ %DQDWXO iugoslav WUHEXLD V ILH
UH]ROYDW FRQFRPLWHQWFXVROX LRQDUHDSUREOHPHORUURPkQLORUGLQ7LPRFüL
0RUDYLD $QDOL]kQG SRVLELOLWDWHD UHDOL] ULL DFHVWRU GH]LGHUDWH GLSORPDWXO
URPkQVXEOLQLDF WRDWHJUXS ULOHSROLWLFHGLQ5HJDWXO6kUER-Croato-Sloven,
HUDXVROLGDUHvQSULYLQ DSROLWLFLLH[WHUQHUDGLFDOLLfiind cei mai anti-români.
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a celui iugoslav, având în frunte un vicar episcop rezidând în România,
respectiv în Regatul Sârbo-Croato-Sloven221.
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respectiv trebuia judecat de tribunalul local226.
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episcopului iugoslav din Vršac, ci sinodului din Belgrad, urmând ca în
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propunea constituirea unei comisii mixte româno-iugoslave230.
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Skoplje231.
Stabilirea statului Bisericii Ortodoxe Române din Iugoslavia, precum
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Banatul Iugoslav, robi ai discordiei233.
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pentru rezolvarHDFHORUODOWHSUREOHPHELVHULFHüWL234.
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de a-i disciplina, urmând ca în celelalte chHVWLXQL FHOH GRX ELVHULFL V
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autonomia Bisericii Ortodoxe Române din Iugoslavia, urmând a se garanta
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GHOHJD LDURPkQ 237.
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FDUH XUPD V ILH SUH]LGDW GH F WUH XQ HSLVFRS iugoslav, când discutau
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de unul român în cazul Bisericii Ortodoxe Sârbe din România. Partea
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episcop iugoslav vQ FD]XO vQ FDUH XUPD V VH DQDOL]H]H FKHVWLXQLOH SXU
FDQRQLFH GRJPDWLFH üi rituale ale Bisericii Ortodoxe Române din statul
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Vršac, sub îndrumarea unui înalt arhiereu român când se discutau
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conducerea unui arhiereu iugoslav FkQG VH GH]E WHDX SUREOHPH DOH
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Române din Banatul iugoslav SH ED] GH UHFLSURFLWDWH LDU VWDWXWHOH GH
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În cursul unei întrevederi pe care negociatorii români au avut-o cu
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sinodului român. În viziunea diplomatului iugoslav QX HUD ELQH V H[LVWH
GRX ELVHULFL RUWRGR[H vQ FDGUXO XQXL VWDW XQD SUH]LGDW GH 3DWULDUKLH
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UXJ PLQWHD UHSUH]HQWDQWXOXL iugoslav termenul de “sinod mixt” a fost
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163
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acorda deja vicariatului iugoslavGLQ7LPLüRDUD7RWXüLFRQGXFHUHD%LVHULFLL
Ortodoxe Române accepta formula “sinodului mixt”, dar în viziunea sa,
SUREOHPD GH QHFDQRQLFLWDWH ULGLFDW GH F Wre sinodul iugoslav nu putea fi
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al bisericii.
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comuQ XUPkQGFD XOWLPD GHFL]LHV ILHOXDW GH F WUH SDWULDUKXO ORFXOXL
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ORFXOXL $FHHDüL FRPLVLH FX üWLUHD DPELORU SDWULDUKL YD Lnvestiga culpele
canonice ale vicarilor episcopi, iar documentele vor fi înaintate patriarhului
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decisiv revenea sinodului teritorial, care prin prezidentul ce va fi desemnat,
va avea întotdeauna majoritatea. Nu se prevedea clar cine va stabili vina
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În urma sugestiilor sinodului Bisericii Ortodoxe Române, Ministerul
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ecleziastice în conformitate cu statutele în vigoare.
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7LPLüRDUD üL un înalt prelat desemnat de sinodul iugoslav, când se
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doctrinei Bisericii Ortodoxe.
166
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litigiilor referitoare la proprietatea Pusta Tzerei, guvernul român se obliga
V DWULEXLHYLFDULDWXOXLiugoslavGLQ7LPLüRDUDRVXW GHMXJ UHS PkQWGH
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proprietarilor lor legitimi, în cazul în care acestea puteau fi identificate378.
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pentru a identifica bunurile muzeului ridicate de trupele iugoslave üL
transferate pe teritoriul iugoslav379.
Ioachim Miloia a sosit la Belgrad în ziua de 7 martie 1933, purtând
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moment ale persoanelor respective, pe care mi le-am putut procura în decursul
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armata iugoslav 381.
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Regatului Sârbo-Croato-6ORYHQ D UDWLILFDW FRQYHQ LD vQFKHLDW OD 5RPD
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guvernul român pentru a se putea proceda la schimbul de arhive conform
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Sârbo-Croato-Sloven propunea încheierea unui aranjament special între
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U VSuns la 16 mai 1923, propunând încheierea unui aranjament special în
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la restituirea arhivelor. Cu toate acestea, la 31 ianuarie 1924 Ministerul
$IDFHULORU6WU LQHGHOD%HOJUDGDFX]D5RPkQLDF DUHVSLQVFHUHULOHVDOHGH
restituire a arhivelor care interesau statul iugoslav382. În fa D DFHVWRU
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de a realiza, pe cheltuiala lui, copii legalizate. Partea iugoslav D PDL
revendicat originalul sau copiile materialului cartografic luat de români din
Budapesta privind noile teritorii atribuite Regatului Sârbo-Croato-Sloven.
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Regatului Sârbo-Croato-Sloven383.
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guvernul român a acceptat propunerile celui iugoslav, cu un singur
amendament, privind actele, documentele etc. care interesau ambele state, ale
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spirit amical385.
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7UHEXLHDPLQWLW üLSUH]HQ DURPkQLORUE Q HQLGLQ%DQDWXOiugoslav
OD ´=LXD FkQWHFXOXL E Q HDQµ RUJDQL]DW OD vQFHSXWXO OXQLL VHSWHPEULH
OD 7LPLüRDUD $X SDUWLFLSDW IDQIDUHOH GLQ 9ODLFRY 9ODMNRYDF
Marghita (Margita) üL0HVLFL0HVLþ'HPHQ LRQDWIDSWXOF DFHVWHIRUPD LL
DXEHQHILFLDWGHF O WRULHJUDWXLW SHF LOHIHUDWHURPkQH422.
&RUXO IDQIDUD üL DFWRULL DPDWRUL GLQ 6DUFLD 6DU D DX SUH]HQWDW XQ
spectacol în satul Foeni423LDUWUXSDGHWHDWUXDPDWRULGLQ&RüWHLXOiugoslav
.XåWLOMDSXVSHVFHQ vQOD/ XQDüSLHVD´,DQFX-LDQXµ424. Este de
UHPDUFDWIDSWXOF PXOWHGLQWUHSLHVHOHMXFDWHGHDUWLüWLLDPDWRULGLQ%DQDWXO
iugoslav SURYLQ GLQ GUDPDWXUJLD URPkQHDVF DSDU LQkQG PDL DOHV OXL
Vasile Alecsandri, I.L.&DUDJLDOH,93RSDüD425.
ÍQF GLQ SULPLL DQL LQWHUEHOLFL LQWHOHFWXDOLL URPkQL GLQ %DQDWXO
iugoslav DX GHSXV HIRUWXUL SHQWUX vQILLQ DUHD XQHL DVRFLD LL FDUH V
FRRUGRQH]H DFWLYLWDWHD FXOWXUDO D URPkQLORU GLQ SURYLQFLH /D PDUWLH
DOXDWILLQ GXS PRGHOXO´$VRFLD LHLWUDQVLOY QHQHSHQWUXFXOWXUDüL
OLWHUDWXUD SRSRUXOXL URPkQµ üL DYkQG RELHFWLYH DVHP Q WRDUH $675$ GLQ
Banatul iugoslav. S-D DSHODW vQF GH OD vQFHSXWXULOH VDOH OD URPkQLL GLQ
DFHDVW SURYLQFLH FDUH WU LDX vQ 5RPkQLD üL RFXSDX IXQF LL LPSRUWDQWH V
FRQWULEXLH HIHFWLY GXS SRVLELOLW L OD HPDQFLSDUHD IUD LORU FDUH DX U PDV vQ
Banatul iugoslav426.
Astra din Banatul iugoslav D IRVW VSULMLQLW GH F WUH DXWRULW LOH
SROLWLFHüLFXOWXUDOHGLQ5RPkQLD$VWIHOSHQWUXQHYRLOHELEOLRWHFLi Astrei au
210
IRVWWULPLVHGLQ5RPkQLDGHF U LPDMRULWDWHDFXFDUDFWHUUHOLJLRVFDUH
DXIRVWvPS U LWHRUJDQL]D LLORUORFDOHDOH$VRFLD LHL427. La Congresul Astrei
GH OD 7LPLüRDUD - VHSWHPEULH DX OXDW SDUWH üL UHSUH]HQWDQ LL
Astrei din Banatul iugoslav ,RDQ 0LW U SUHüHGLQWHOH $VRFLD LHL üL /D] U
&kUGXVHFUHWDUXOJHQHUDO3UHüHGLQWHOH,RDQ0LW UDDGUHVDWSDUWLFLSDQ LORU
XQ FXYkQW GH VDOXW vQ FDUH D DPLQWLW VLWXD LD FULWLF vQ FDUH VH DIOD FXOWXUD
URPkQHDVF GLQ SURYLQFLH 0DMRULWDWHD LQWHOHFWXDOLORU URPkQL S U VLVHU
Banatul iugoslavWUHFkQGvQ5RPkQLDDVWIHOF PLQRULWDWHDURPkQ DU PDV
FDXQRPV UDFI U RFURWLUH6LWXD LDVHGDWRUDüLGH]ELQ ULLLQWHOHFWXDOLORU
URPkQL U PDüL vQ SURYLQFLH ÍQ DFHVWH FRQGL LL $VWUD DYHD GUHSW VFRS
ePDQFLSDUHD FXOWXUDO D URPkQLORU GLQ %DQDWXO iugoslav iar pentru
realizarea acestui deziderat vorbitorul solicita sprijinul intelectualilor
români428.
La adunarea Astrei din 22 mai 1938 de la Vršac a participat ca invitat
üLPLQLVWUXOSOHQLSRWHQ LDUDO5RPkQLHLOD%HOJUDG9LFWRU& GHUH429.
ÍQFDGUXOHGLWXULL$VWUDDDS UXWvQYROXPXOGH´3RH]LLSRSRUDOH
GLQ% QDWXOLXJRVODYµFXOHVHGH5RPDQ&ULVWHDüL7U0 UJKLWLFHDQ430.
$O WXUL GH $VWUD SH WHULWRULXO %DQDWXOXL iugoslav üL-DX GHVI üXUDW
DFWLYLWDWHD üL DOWH DVRFLD LL FXOWXUDOH ÍQF GLQ DQXO D IRVW HODERUDW
VWDWXWXO´$VRFLD LHL&XOWXUDOHD5RPkQLORUGLQ5HJDWXO6kUELORU&URD LORUüL
6ORYHQLORUµ FDUH vQV QX D RE LQXW GLQ SDUWHD DXWRULW LORU LXJRVODYH
DSUREDUHDGHDIXQF LRQDÍQDFHVWFRQWH[WV-auvQILLQ DWFHUFXULOHUHOLJLRDVH
vQFDGUXOF URUDVH LQHDXSUHOHJHULüLVHRUJDQL]DXVHUE ULÍQDXJXVWD
IRVW FRQVWLWXLW ´$VRFLD LD VWXGHQ LORU URPkQL GLQ 5HJDWXO 6kUELORU
&URD LORU üL 6ORYHQLORUµ ÍQ GHFHQLXO DO SDWUXOHD V-D FRQVWLWXLW ´$VRFLD LD
Femeilor Române” iar la Cuvin (Kovin) “Societatea femeilor din Cuvin”. La
DXJXVWOD$OLEXQDUDOXDWQDüWHUH´$VRFLD LDFRUXULORUüLIDQIDUHORU
URPkQHGLQ% QDWXOLXJRVODYµLDUvQLXQLH´$VRFLD LDIRüWLORUYROXQWDUL
români –VHF LDLXJRVODY µ ce-üLSURSXQHDV PHQ LQ OHJ WXUDFXDVRFLD LD
VLPLODU GLQ&OXM
/DUkQGXOORUSUHR LLGLQ%DQDWXOiugoslavüL-DXFRQVWLWXLW´$VRFLD LD
SUHR LORURUWRGRFüLURPkQLGLQ%DQDWXOLXJRVODYµLDUHOHYLLGHODVHF LLOHFX
SUHGDUHvQOLPEDURPkQ GHSHOkQJ OLFHXOüLüFRDODQRUPDO GLQ9UåDFDX
vQILLQ DWvQVRFLHWDWHDOLWHUDU ´-XQLPHDE Q HDQ µ7UHEXLHPHQ LRQDW
üL IDSWXO F XQ URO LPSRUWDQW vQ vQYLRUDUHD YLH LL FXOWXUDOH URPkQHüWL GLQ
Banatul iugoslav l-DX MXFDW vQY WRULL FRQWUDFWXDOL WLQHUHWXO DIOat la studii
vQ5RPkQLDüLHOHYLLURPkQLGHODûFRDODQRUPDO GLQ9UåDF431 .
211
ÍQ SHULRDGD LQWHUEHOLF üL-au GHVI üXUDW DFWLYLWDWHD vQ GLYHUVH

GRPHQLL URPkQL Q VFX L SH WHULWRULXO %DQDWXOXL iugoslav. Astfel, dr. Savu
%XWRDUF DEVROYHQWDO8QLYHUVLW LLGLQCluj, doctor în filozofie, matematici
VXSHULRDUHüLIL]LF H[SHULPHQWDO üL-DGHVI üXUDWRSDUWHDDFWLYLW LLVDOHFD
DVLVWHQW OD ,QVWLWXWXO GH SHGDJRJLH DO 8QLYHUVLW LL GLQ &OXM 1LFRODH
,PEURDQH D VXV LQXW üL HO vQ SHULRDGD DQDOL]DW R LQWHQV DFWLYLtate
SXEOLFLVWLF FXOWXUDO üLSROLWLF vQ5RPkQLD432.
ÍQOXQDDXJXVW UDQLURPkQLGLQ%DQDWXO iugoslav au fost în
România pentru a frecventa cursuri agricole433, iar în 1934 un grup de
SOXJDULURPkQLE Q HQLGLQUHJLXQHD9UåDF-ului au vizitat Valea Prahovei
üLORFDOLW LOH&kPSLQD%UHD]D6LQDLDÍQFXUVXODFHVWHLH[FXUVLLDUDQMDWHGH
F WUH8QLXQHD&DPHUHORU$JULFROHGLQ5RPkQLD UDQLLURPkQLGLQ%DQDWXO
iugoslavDXIRVWSULPL LvQDXGLHQ GHF WUHUHJHOH&DURODO,,-lea. Au fost
vizitate apoi FRORQLLOHGHE Q HQLüLPDFHGRQHQLGLQUHJLXQHDGREURJHDQ
Bazargic – Balcic - Caliacra434.
5HOD LLOHFXOWXUDOHDOHiugoslavilor din Banatul românesc cu Iugoslavia
La rândul lor, etnicii iugoslavLGLQ%DQDWXOURPkQHVFDXGHVI üXUDWvQ

perioada interbeOLF RLQWHQV DFWLYLWDWHFXOWXUDO $FHDVWDV-DGHVI üXUDWvQ
FDGUXO XQRU VRFLHW L FXOWXUDOH üL ILODQWURSLFH FXP DX IRVW ´5HXQLXQHD GH
FkQW UL JUHFR-RUWRGR[H =25$µ GLQ 7LPLüRDUD´6RFLHWDWHD GH ELQHIDFHUH D
femeilor iugoslavH GLQ 7LPLüRDUDµ435, “Uniunea tinerilor iugoslavi” din
7LPLüRDUD436´6RFLHWDWHDGHOHFWXU iugoslavHDVF µGLQ&HQHL437üLVRFLHW LOH
muzicale iugoslaveGLQORFDOLW LOH*HOX9DULDü6kQSHWUX0DUH438, Moldova
Veche, Becicherecu Mic439 etc.
$XIRVWRUJDQL]DWHRVHULHGHPDQLIHVW ULFXOWXUDOH, unele cu ocazia unor
LPSRUWDQWHV UE WRULUHOLJLRDVHODFDUHDXSDUWLFLSDWüLLQYLWD LGLQ,XJRVODYLD
$VWIHO OD VILQ LUHD FORSRWHORU ELVHULFLL RUWRGR[H iugoslavH GLQ 7LPLüRDUD D
SDUWLFLSDW üL FRUXO PL[W GLQ .LNLQGD440, iar la 27 decembrie 1925, “Reuniunea
femeilor iugoslavHµGLQ7LPLüRDUDDRUJDQL]DWXQSURJUDPFXOWXUDOOD&D]LQRXO
PLOLWDUODFDUHDSDUWLFLSDWüL´5HXQLXQHDGHFkQW ULµGLQ9UåDF441.
8QD GLQ FHOH PDL LPSRUWDQWH V UE WRUL UHOLJLRDVH SHQWUX SRSRUXO
iugoslavHVWHOHJDW GHQXPHOH6IkQWXOXL6Dva. Sârbii din Banatul românesc
FX XQ GH]YROWDW VLP PkQW UHOLJLRV – conform documentelor oficiale ale
vremii) au dat de-DOXQJXODQLORURLPSRUWDQ GHRVHELW DFHVWXLHYHQLPHQW
212
ÍQ HUD SO QXLW UHXQLUHD WXWXURU FRUXULORU iugoslave într-unul singur,
LDU FO GLUHD WHDWUXOXL RU üHQHVF GLQ 7LPLüRDUD D IRVW vQFKLULDW vQ YHGHUHD
RUJDQL] ULLV UE WRULLGH6I6DYD3UD]QLFXODIRVW LQXWvQWRDWHORFDOLW LOH
FX SRSXOD LH iugoslavHDVF GLQ %DQDWXO URPkQHVF OD %HFLFKHUHFXO 0LF
având loc chiar un bal iugoslavFXP üWL442.
ÍQ SULPD SDUWH D DQXOXL 6RFLHWDWHD GH PX]LF iugoslavHDVF
“Orao” a organizat o întâlnire a corurilor iugoslave, cu scopul unei
SURPRY ULPDLLQWHQVHDPX]LFLLSRSXODUHiugoslave în Banat. Cu acest prilej s-a
vizitat Societatea de cânt UL ´/LUDµ GLQ ORFDOLWDWHD 6kQSHWUX443. La 27
IHEUXDULH D IRVW FRQVWLWXLW 8QLXQHD IRUPD LLORU GH PX]LF
iugoslavHDVF GLQ7LPLüRDUDüL8QLXQHDFkQW UH LORUiugoslavi din România,
FXVHGLXOWRWOD7LPLüRDUD)RUPD LLOHFRUDOH´=RUDµüL´6ORJDµDXRFXSDW un
ORFLPSRUWDQWvQFDGUXODFHVWHLXQLXQLGHIRUPD LL444.
ûLSHSDUFXUVXOGHFHQLXOXLSDWUXIRUPD LLFXOWXUDOHGLQ,XJRVODYLDDX
fost prezente în Banatul iugoslav)RUPD LDGHWHDWUXDPDWRUGLQ.ODULMDD]L
Radojevo, Vojvodina) a jucat la Cenei445 LDU IRUPD LD GH DFRUGHRQLüWL
´%UDGMH 0DNVLPRYLþµ GLQ %HOJUDG D FRQFHUWDW vQ FDGUXO SURJUDPXOXL GH
FDEDUHW GH OD FDIHQHDXD ´'DFLDµ GLQ FDUWLHUXO WLPLüRUHDQ )DEULF446. La
DQLYHUVDUHDDGHDQLGHH[LVWHQ D´5HXQLXQLLGHFkQW ULiugoslave” din
7LPLüRDUD OD PDL DX SDUWLFLSDW üL FRUXO ELVHULFHVF GLQ 6RPERU
%D NDüL&RUXOVXURULORUiugoslave din Petrovgrad (Zrenjanin)447.
ÍQDFHHDüLSHULRDG IRUPD LLDUWLVWLFHiugoslave din Banatul românesc
DX RUJDQL]DW VSHFWDFROH vQ GLIHULWH ORFDOLW L DOH SURYLQFLHL /D vQFHSXWul
OXQLL PDUWLH ´6RFLHWDWHD PX]LFDO iugoslav µ GLQ *HOX D VXV LQXW XQ
concert la Sânpetru Mare448.
8Q HYHQLPHQW LPSRUWDQW D DYXW ORF OD VIkUüLWXO DQXOXL FkQG OD
7LPLüRDUD D IRVW GHVFKLV H[SR]L LD SLFWRUXOXL ,VDF -RYDQ FDUH H[SXQHD
numeroase luFU ULUHDOL]DWHvQ,XJRVODYLD449.
/D VIkUüLWXO DFHOXLDüL DQ ILUPD GH WXULVP ´3XWQLNµ GLQ ,XJRVODYLD D
SXVvQFLUFXOD LHSULPXOWUHQGHYDFDQ SHUXWD7LPLüRDUD- Belgrad450.
'LQS FDWHHYROX LLOHGHSHVFHQDSROLWLF HXURSHDQ GHGXS DX
avut repercusLXQLGLQWUHFHOHPDLJUDYHDVXSUDDFHVWXLGRPHQLXDOUHOD LLORU
GLQWUH FHOH GRX UL 5HOD LLLOH FXOWXUDOH GLQWUH 5RPkQLD üL ,XJRVODYLD YRU
FXQRDüWHRSHULRDG GHUHJUHVF UHLDQLFLXQXOGLQWUHFRQWHPSRUDQLQXL-ar
IL SXWXW SUHYHGHD GXUDWD $FHDVW VLWXD LH YD OXD VIküLW DELD OD vQFHSXWXO
GHFHQLXOXLDOüDSWHOHD
213
NOTE
1 Miodrag Milin, 5HOD LLOHSROLWLFHURPâno-iugoslavHvQHSRFDPRGHUQ %XFXUHüWL(G$FDGHPLHL

Române, 1992, p. 44.
2 Ibidem, p. 45.
3 Ibidem, p. 45-48.
4 Radu Flora, 5HOD LLOHiugoslavo-române3DQ HYR(G/LEHUWDWHDS
5 Nicolae Iorga, Relations entre Serbes et Roumains%XFXUHüWL,PSULPHULD&XOWXUDO ´1HDPXO
Românesc”, 1922.
6 Idem, 5RPkQLüLVODYL5RPkQLüLXQJXUL%XFXUHüWL(G,QVWLWXWXOXLVXG-est – european, 1922.
7 Memoriile Academiei RomâneVHF LDLVWRULHVHULD,,,WRPXO,,,-IV, 1924-1925, p. 37.
8 Nicolae Iorga, Hi stoire de Etats balcaniques jusqu’a 1924, Paris, Librairie Universitarire J.
Gomber, 1925.
9 Idem, ÍQ6HUELDGHGXS U ]ERLX%XFXUHüWL
10 Memoriile Academiei RomâneVHF LDLVWRULHVHULD,,,WRPXO;,,,-1933, p. 57-67.
11 Revue historique du sud-est européen (în continuare Revue historique…) 1-3, iulie-sept., 1932,
p. 233-307.
12 Idem, 10-12, oct. – dec. 1932, p. 350-366.
13 Idem, 10-12, oct. – dec. 1933, p. 350-366.
14 Idem, 1-3, ian. - mart. 1934, p. 81-102.
15 Memoriile Academiei RomâneVHF LDistorie, seria III, tomul XIX, 1937, p. 249-272.
16 Idem, p. 153-,RVLI%RåNRYLþDIRVWXQVSLULWHQFLFORSHGLFUHPDUFkQGX-se în domenii ca
matematica, fizica etc.

17 Revue historique…, 10-12, oct. – dec. 1937, p. 265-282.
18 Idem, 10-12, oct. – dec. 1936, p. 323-333.
19 Idem, 1-3, ian. – mart. 1938, p. 33.
20 Lumina, nr. 6, 1968, p. 392.
219H]LvQDFHVWVHQVFROHF LDLQWHUEHOLF DUHYLVWHLRevue historique… .
22 Revue historique…, 1-3, ian. – mart. 1940, p. 74-75.
23 Idem, 4-6, aprilie-iunie 1931, p. 148.
24 Ibidem, p. 119-120.
25 Revue historique…, 7-9, iulie – sept. 1927, p. 223-229.
26 Memoriile Academiei RomâneVHF LDLVWRULHVHULD,,,WRPXO,,-1924, p. 201-220.
27 Revue historique…, 4-6, aprilie – iunie, 1926, p. 92.
28 Banatul, febr. – mart. 1928, p. 44.
29 Banatul, aprilie – mai 1928, p. 12-19.
30 5HYLVWD,VWRULF 5RPkQ , MCMXXXI, vol. I, fasc. II, 1931, p. 194.
31 C.B. Obedeanu, Les relations historiques et politiques des Roumains avec les Serbes%XFXUHüWL*HOOHU
32 Alexandru Marcu, ConspiratorLüLFRQVSLUD LLvQHSRFDUHQDüWHULLSROLWLFHD5RPkQLHL%XFXUHüWL
)XQGD LD,&%U WLDQX(G´&DUWHD5RPkQHDVF µ

33 Graiul Românesc, IV, 1930, p. 195-200.
34 5HYLVWD,VWRULF 5RPkQ , MCMXXXI, vol. I, fasc. II, 1931, p. 203.
214
35 Ibidem, p. 203.
36 Ibidem, p. 224.
37 5HYLVWD,VWRULF 5RPkQ , MCMXXXV- MCMXXXVI, vol. V-VI, 1935-1936, p. 526.
38 Idem, MCMXXXVII, vol. VII, fasc. III-IV, 1937, p. 258-267.
39 Idem, MCMXXXII, vol. II, fasc. II-III, 1932, p. 136-142.
40 Ibidem, p. 143.
41 Idem, seria III, tomul XVII, 1935, p. 1-49.
42 Idem, seria III, tomul XIV, 1933, p. 1.
43 Raoul V. Bosy , $JHQ LDGLSORPDWLF D5RPkQLHLvQ%HOJUDGüLOHJ WXULOHSROLWLFHURPkQR-iugoslave
sub Cuza-YRG %XFXUHüWL,PSULPHULD1D LRQDO

44 Memoriile Academiei RomâneVHF LDLVWRrie, seria III, tomul XX, 1938, p. 133-195; 221-253.
45 Idem, seria III, tomul, XXI, 1939, p. 141-159.
46 5HYLVWD,VWRULF 5RPkQ , MCMXXXV- MCMXXXVI, vol. V-VI, 1935-1936, p. 549.
47 Idem, MCMXXXI, vol. I, fasc. III, 1931.
48 Idem, MCMXXXVIII, vol. VIII, p. 210-234.
49 Ibidem, p. 95-123.
50 Idem, MCMXXXVII, vol. VII, fasc. III-IV, 1937, p. 339-357.
51 Ibidem, p. 391.
52 Idem, MCMXXXIX, vol. IX, 1939, p. 409.
53 Ibidem, p. 463.
54 Idem, MCMXXXIX, vol. IX, 1939.
55 Ibidem, p. 460. În istoriografia iugoslav DDERUGDWDFHDVW SUREOHP '65DGRM LþO prvom
vlaškom štamparu Makariji i o prvom vlaškim štamparijama, vezi R. Flora, op.cit., p. 31.
56$UKLYHOH1D LRQDOH)RQG3UHüHGLQ LD&RQVLOLXOXLGH0LQLüWUL, d. 251/1939, f. 16.
57 Universul, 14 iunie 1931, p. 2.
58 Revue historique…, nr. 7-9, iulie – sept., 1926, p. 246-249.
59 Idem, nr. 7-9, iulie – septembrie, 1928, p. 274-275.
60 Idem, nr. 4-6, aprilie – iunie, 1928, p. 265.
63 Idem, nr. 10-12, oct. – dec., 1928, p. 136-139.
64 Revue historique…, 4-6, aprilie – iunie 1931, p. 151.
65 Idem, 10-12, oct. – dec. 1931, p. 319.
66 Idem, 1-3, ian. – mart. 1932, p. 121.
67 Idem, 4-6, aprilie – iunie 1932, p. 195.
68 Idem, 1-3, ian. – mart. 1933, p. 100.
69 Idem, 4-6, apr. – iunie 1936, p. 213.
70 Idem, 10-12, oct. – dec. 1938, p. 387-393.
71 Memoriile Academiei RomâneVHF LDLVWRULHVHULD,,,WRPXO;9,,,S-153.
72 5HYLVWD,VWRULF 5RPkQ , MCMXXXIII, vol. III, fasc. I, p. 102.
73 Idem, MCMXXXIV, vol. IV, 1934, p. 366.
74 Idem, MCMXXXVIII, vol. VIII, 1938, p. 307.
75 Idem, MCMXXXIX, vol. IX, 1930, p. 423.
76 Idem, MCMXXXII, vol. I, fasc. II, 1931, p. 198.
215
77 Lumina, nr. 6, 1968, p. 393-394.

78 Arhiva Ministerului Afacerilor Externe, fond 71, Iugoslavia, vol. 49, f. 253.
79 Idem, fond 71, Iugoslavia, vol. 70, f. 95, 97.
80 Ibidem, f. 253.
81 R. Flora, op.cit., p. 13-57.
82 Memoriile Academiei RomâneVHF LDOLWHUDU VHULD,,,WRP,,,S-169.
83 5HYLVWD,VWRULF 5RPkQ , MCMXXXVIII, vol. VIII, 1938, p. 48-55.
8463XüFDULXStudii istroromâne,,%XFXUHüWL
85 R. Flora, op.cit., p. 15.
86 Ibidem, p. 317.
87 Ibidem, p. 50.
88 5HYLVWD,VWRULF 5RPkQ , MCMXXXIX, vol. IX, 1939, p. 472.
89 5HYLVWD,VWRULF 5RPkQ , MCMXXXII, vol. I, fasc. I, 1932, p. 107.
90 Idem, MCMXXXI, vol. I, fasc. II, 1931.
91 Idem, MCMXXXI, vol. I, fasc. II, 1391, p. 390.
92 Memoriile Academiei RomâneVHF LDOLWHUDU VHULD,,,WRPXO,,S-379.
94 5HYLVWD,VWRULF 5RPkQ , MCMXXXVIII, vol. VIII, 1938, p. 288.
95 Idem, MCMXXXII, vol. I, fasc. IV, 1932, p. 442.
97 5HYLVWD,VWRULF 5RPkQ , MCMXXXIX, vol. IX, 1939, p. 506.
99 5HYLVWD,VWRULF 5RPkQ , MCMXXXIX, vol. IX, 1939, p. 347-350.
100 Lumina, nr. 6, 1968, p. 388, 394.
101 Idem, p. 369.
102 Idem, p. 372.
103 Dacia, 25 mai 1940, p. 2.
104 Lumina, nr. 6, 1968, p. 372.
106 Ibidem, p. 40.
107 Banatul, febr. – mart. 1928, p. 44.
108 Memoriile Academiei RomâneVHF LDOLWHUDU VHULD,,,WRPXO,9-1929, p. 85-193.
109 Lumina, nr. 6, 1968, p. 394-395.
110 Idem, p. 368.
111 Aurel Cosma jr., &RQVWLWX LDUHJDWXOXLLXJRVODY7LPLüRDUD
112 5HYLVWD,VWRULF 5RPkQ , MCMXXXVIII, vol. VIII, 1938, p. 333.
113 Idem, MCMXXXII, 1931, p. 218.
114 Idem, MCMXXXII, vol. II, fasc. II-III, 1932, p. 333.
115 Idem, MCMXXXII, vol. II, fasc. IV, 1932, p. 439.
116 Idem, MCMXXXVII, vol. VII, fasc. III-IV, 1937, p. 476.
117 Revue historique…, 7-9, iul.-sept., 1936, p. 302.
118 Lumina, nr. 6, 1968, p. 393.
119 Revue historique…, 1-3, ian. – mart. 1926, p. 78-79.
120 Societatea de mâine, 7 februarie 1926, p. 104.
216

122 'LUHF LD MXGH HDQ 7LPLü D $UKLYHORU 1D LRQDOH IRQG 3ULP ULD PXQLFLSLXOXL 7LPLüRDUD, d.
16/1937, f. 3.
123 9RLQ D%DQDWXOXL, 17 mai 1936, p. 3.
16/1937, f. 20.
125 Dacia, 7 aprilie 1940, p. 2.
128 Idem, 10 mai 1940, p. 2.
129 Idem, 8 mai 1940, p. 2.
130 I. Miloia, în Banatul, an II, nr. 6, p. 9-14.
131 Societatea de mâine, nr. 10, 17 octombrie 1926, p. 662.
132 'LUHF LDMXGH HDQ 7LPLüD$UKLYHORU1D LRQDOHIRQG3UHIHFWXUD7LPLü-Torontal, d. 2/1938, f. 117.
133 5HYLVWD,VWRULF 5RPkQ , MCMXXXI, vol. I, fasc. III, 1931, p. 243.
134 Idem, MCMXXXI, vol. I, fasc. I, 1931, p. 101.
135 Idem, MCMXXXV-MCMXXXVI, vol. V-VI, 1935-1936, p. 584.
136 /XFHDI UXOQU7LPLüRDUDS-22.
137 R. Flora, op.cit., p. 152-156.
139 Ibidem, vol. 50, f. 155.
140 Idem, IRQG0LFDÍQ HOHJHUH, vol. 14, f. 193.
142 Ibidem, vol. 52, f. 287-288.
143 1 GHMGHD, 7 iulie 1929.
145 1 GHMGHD, 31 august 1930, p. 2.
146$UKLYHOH1D LRQDOH%XFXUHüWLIRQG&DVD5HJDO , d. 75/1939, p. 13.
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148 Arhiva MAE, IRQG0LFDÍQ HOHJHUH, vol. 20, f. 185.
149 Cuvântul, 28 august 1926, p. 1-üLLGHPDXJXVWS-2.
150 Societatea de mâine, 5 iunie 1927, p. 292.
151 Ibidem.
152 1 GHMGHD, 31 august 1930, p. 2.
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154$UKLYHOH1D LRQDOH%XFXUHüWLfond PrHüHGLQ LD&RQVLOLXOXLGH0LQLüWUL, d. 235/1939, f. 31.

155 Vladimir Dumitrescu, 2DPHQLüLFLREXUL(G0X]HXO'XQ ULLGH-RV& O UDüLS-34.
157 Ibidem, loc.cit.
158 Ibidem, vol. 52, f. 18.
159 Ibidem, vol. 49, f. 274.
160 Gligor Popi, Românii din Banatul iugoslav (1918-1941), 7LPLüRDUD (GLWXUD GH YHVW
Idem, Jugoslovensko – rumunski odnosi, 1918-1941, 9UåDF,RDQ/XSDüIstoria românilor,

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161 Gligor Popi, Românii din Banatul iugoslav (1918-1941), p.180.
162 Ibidem, p.180-181.
163 Arhiva Ministerului de Externe, fond 71, Iugoslavia, vol.71, f. 44.
164 Ibidem, vol.69, f. 249.
165 Ibidem, vol 37, f. 57.
166 Ibidem, vol. 68, f. 50.
167 Ibidem, vol. 70, f. 12.
168 Ibidem, vol. 49, f. 24.
169 Ibidem, vol. 68, f. 50.
170 Ibidem, f. 48-40.
171 Ibidem, vol. 69, f. 249.
172 Ibidem, vol. 68, f. 71-72.
173 Ibidem, f. 231.
174 Ibidem, f. 232.
175 Gligor Popi, op. cit. , p. 135.
176 Arhiva Ministerului de Externe, fond 71, Iugoslavia, vol. 69, f. 5.
177 Ibidem, vol. 69, f. 1.
178 Ibidem, vol. 68, f. 328.
179 Ibidem, f. 408.
180 Ibidem, vol. 69, f. 616.
181 Ibidem, f. 617.
182 Ibidem, vol. 76, f. 17.
183 Ibidem.
184 Ibidem, vol. 69, f. 499.
185 Ibidem, vol 68, f. 361.
186 Ibidem, vol.69, f. 319.
187 Ibidem, f. 424.
188 1 GHMGHD, 25 aprilie 1924, p. 2.
190 Ibidem, f. 376.
191 Ibidem, f. 221.
192 Ibidem, vol. 70, f. 78, 80.
193 Ibidem, f. 149.
194 Ibidem, f. 187.
195 Ibidem, f. 104.
218
196 Ibidem, f. 211.

197 Ibidem, f. 272.
198 Ibidem, f. 227.
199 Ibidem, f. 229.
200 Ibidem, f. 352.
201 Ibidem, vol.71, f. 112.
202 Ibidem, f. 257.
203 Ibidem, f. 13.
204 Ibidem, f. 38.
205 IbidemI'HPHWUX% O QHVFXVXSXViugoslavFXGRPLFLOLXvQ%LVHULFD$OE GHFHGDW
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medii, superioare, comerciale sau la academiile agricole. ASTRA a cedat fondurile acestei
IXQGD LL%LVHULFLLRUWRGR[Hromâne din Sibiu.
206 Ibidem, f. 273.
207 Ibidem, f. 310.
208 Ibidem, f, 318.
209 Ibidem, f. 309.
210 Ibidem, f. 311.
211 Ibidem, vol. 76, f. 37.
212 Ibidem, vol. 7, f. 207.
213 Ibidem. f. 357.
214 Ibidem, vol. 72, f. 23.
215 Ibidem, f. 24.
216 Ibidem, f. 30.
217 Ibidem, f. 63.
218 Ibidem, f. 74.
219 Ibidem, f. 82.
220 Ibidem, f. 207.
221 Ibidem, vol. 73, f. 13.
222 Ibidem, f. 14.
223 Ibidem, f. 64.
224 Ibidem, f. 30.
225 Ibidem, f. 31.
226 Ibidem, f. 33.
227 Ibidem, f. 4.
228 Ibidem, vol. 72, f. 23.
229 Ibidem, f. 231.
230 Ibidem, f. 231, 238, 260.
231 Ibidem, f. 386.
232 Idem, fond 0LFDÍQ HOHJHUH, vol. 8, f. 181-182.
233 Ibidem, vol. 9, f. 121.
234 Ibidem, f. 295.
219
236 Ibidem, f. 436.
237 Ibidem, vol. 74, f. 18.
238 Ibidem, vol. 73, f. 443-449.
239 Ibidem, f. 477.
240 Ibidem, f. 522.
241 Ibidem, vol. 74, f. 25.
242 Ibidem, vol. 74, f. 27.
243 Ibidem, f. 108.
244 Ibidem, f. 128.
245 Ibidem, f. 131.
246 Ibidem, f. 197.
247 Ibidem, f. 199.
248 Ibidem, f. 554.
249 Ibidem, f. 555.
250 Ibidem, vol. 75, f. 7.
251 Ibidem, vol. 50, f. 172.
252 Ibidem, vol. 75, f. 51.
253 Ibidem, f. 180.
254 Ibidem, f. 189.
255 Ibidem, f. 259.
256 Ibidem, f. 312.
257 Ibidem, f. 313.
258 Ibidem, f. 314.
259 Ibidem, f. 315.
260 Ibidem, f. 337.
261 Ibidem, f. 336.
262 Ibidem, f. 338.
263 Ibidem, f. 339.
264 Ibidem, f. 342.
265 Ibidem, f. 351.
266 Ibidem, vol. 76, f. 133.
267 Ibidem, f. 134.
268 Ibidem, f. 135.
269 Ibidem, f. 179.
270 Ibidem, f. 393.
271 Ibidem, f. 259.
272 Ibidem, f. 187.
273 1 GHMGHD, 27 octombrie 1929, p. 2.
274 Gligor Popi, Românii din Banatul iugoslav (1918-1941), p. 183.
275 1 GHMGHD, 26 ianuarie 1930.
276 9RLQ D%DQDWXOXL, 21 august 1938, p. 4.
277 G. Popi, op.cit., p. 183-184.
278 9RLQ D%DQDWXOXL, 16 iunie 1925, p. 1.
220
279 Idem, 2 septembrie 1934, p. 2.

280 Idem, 11 septembrie 1932, p. 3.
281 Idem, 11 noiembrie 1924, p. 2.
283 Banatul, noiembrie – decembrie 1928, p. 59-61.
284$UKLYD1D LRQDO %XFXUHüWLIRQG3UHüHGLQ LD&RQVLOLXOXLGH0LQLüWUL, d. 126/1920, f. 103-106.
285 Ibidem, f. 255, p. 228.
286 9RLQ D%DQDWXOXL, 19 martie 1933, p. 2.
287 Vezi în acest sens ziarele 9RLQ D%DQDWXOXL, Vestul, 1 GHMGHDGLQSHULRDGDLQWHUEHOLF
288 3RPSLOLX ' ûHUE QHVFX 1D LRQDOLVPXO RUJDQL]DW &kWHYD DVSecte din Iugoslavia de azi),
7LPLüRDUD(G5HYLVWHL´*UDQL DµS-36.
289 5HYLVWD,VWRULF 5RPkQ , MCMXXXVII, vol. VII, fasc. III-IV, 1937, p. 477.
290 Petre Nemoianu, 6kUELLüLURPkQLL, Craiova, 1930.
291 Banatul, noiembrie – decembrie 1928, p. 59-61.
292 Gligor Popi, Românii din Banatul iugoslav (l918 – 1941), p. 132-134.
294 Gligor Popi, op. cit.,p. 136.
296 Ibidem, f. 48.
297 Ibidem, f. 42.
300 Gligor Popi, Românii din Banatul iugoslav (l918 – 1941), 135.
301 Arhiva Ministerului Afacerilor Externe, fond 71, Iugoslavia, vol.
302 Idem, vol. 69, f. 616.
303 Idem, vol. 76, f. 16.
304 Idem, vol. 68, f. 361.
305 Gligor Popi, Românii din Banatul iugoslav (l918 – 1941), p. 137.
307 Ibidem, f. 323.
308 Ibidem, f. 321.
309 Ibidem, f. 415.
310 Ibidem, f. 424.
311 Ibidem, f. 376.
312 Ibidem, f. 149.
313 Ibidem, f. 183.
314 Ibidem, f. 272.
315 Ibidem, f. 229.
316 Ibidem, f. 38.
317 Ibidem, f. 273.
318 Ibidem, f. 309.
319 Idem, vol. 72, f. 9. În decembrie 1925 a foVW SURPXOJDW /HJHD SULYLQG üFROLOH SRSXODUH
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321 Ibidem, f. 357.

322 Idem, vol. 72, f. 13.
323 Ibidem, f. 26.
324 Ibidem, f. 28.
325 Ibidem, f. 46.
326 Ibidem, f. 47.
327 Ibidem, f. 49.
328 Ibidem, f. 60.
329 Ibidem, f. 86-87.
330 Idem, vol. 76, f. 47.
331 Gligor Popi, op. cit., p. 142-143.
333 Ibidem, vol. 73, f. 4.
334 Ibidem, f. 27.
335 Ibidem, vol. 72, f. 339.
336 Ibidem, vol. 73, f. 77.
337 Gligor Popi, op. cit., p. 144-145
338 Arhiva Ministerului Afacerilor Externe, fond 71, Iugoslavia, vol. 73, f. 295-307.
339 Ibidem, f. 157.
340 Ibidem, f. 167.
341 Arhiva Ministerului Afacerilor Externe, fond 0LFDÍQ HOHJHUH, vol. 8, f. 181-182.
342 Idem, fond 71, Iugoslavia, vol. 73, f. 393-394.
344 Idem, fond 0LFDÍQ HOHJHUH, vol. 9, f. 302.
345 Idem, fond 71, Iugoslavia, vol. 73, f. 433-434.
346 Ibidem, f. 455.
347 Ibidem, f. 464.
348 Gligor Popi, Românii din Banatul iugoslav (1918-1941), p. 256-263.
350 Ibidem, f. 48.
351 Gligor Popi, op. cit., p. 149
353 Ibidem, vol. 75, f. 163.
354 Gligor Popi, op.cit., p. 150-152.
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356 Ibidem, p. 44.
358 Ibidem, f. 359.
359 Ibidem, f. 386.
360 Ibidem, f. 395.
361 Ibidem, I2VLWXD LHvQWRFPLW GH3UHIHFWXUDMXGH XOXL7LPLü –7RURQWDOvQDU WD
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363 Ibidem, f. 53.
364 Ibidem, f. 54.
365 Ibidem, f. 55.
366 Ibidem, vol. 76, f. 187-192, 259.
367 Ibidem, vol. 76, f. 179.
368 Ibidem, f. 180.
369 Ibidem, f. 185.
371 Vezi Banatul românesc, 4 aprilie 1922 S üL DSULOLH S Vestul (perioada1930 –
1940) etc.
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373 Ibidem, p. 73.
374 G. Popi, op.cit., p. 137.
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377 Arhiva Ministerului Afacerilor Externe, fond 0LFDÍQ HOHJHUH, vol. 9, f. 239.
378 Ibidem, f. 295.
379$UKLYDLVWRULF D0X]HXOXL%DQDWXOXL'RVDUChestiunea obiectelor duse de iugoslavi în 1919
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380 Ibidem, Procesul verbal din 15 martie 1933, adresat de Ioachim Miloia primarului
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381 Arhiva Ministerului Afacerilor Externe, fond 71, Iugoslavia, vol. 49, f. 108-109. Cu privire
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383 Ibidem, f. 111.
384 Ibidem, f. 112.
386$UKLYHOHQD LRQDOH)RQG0LQLVWHUXO,QGXVWULHLüL&RPHU XOXL'LUHF LDJHQHUDO , d. 132/1933,
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387 Ibidem, f. 9.
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388 Ibidem, f. 24.

389 9RLQ D%DQDWXOXL, 7 octombrie 1934, p. 3.
391 Ibidem, vol. 50, f. 5.
392 Banatul, nr. 8-9, 1927, p. 17-19.
393 Idem, nov. - dec., 1928.
394 Idem, aprilie 1928, p. 12-19.
395 5HYLVWD,VWRULF 5RPkQ , MCMXXX, vol. I, fasc. II, 1931, p. 206.
396 Arhiva MAE, fond 71 Iugoslavia, f. &RQIHULQ DDIRVWFULWLFDW vQSUHVDiugoslav FDUHD
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397 Banatul, febr.-mart. 1928, p. 44.
398 5HYLVWD,VWRULF 5RPkQ , MCMXXXI, vol. I, fasc. IV, 1931, p. 442.
399 Idem, MCMXXXIII, vol. III, fasc. IV.
400 Idem, MCMXXXV-MCMXXXVI, vol. V-VI, 1935-1936, p. 629.
401 Idem, MCMXXXVII, vol. VII, fasc. III-IV, p. 471.
402 Banatul, nr. 7-8, 1927, p. 61.
404 Ibidem
405 Gligor Popi, Românii din Banatul iugoslav, (1918-1941), p. 217.
406$UKLYHOH1D LRQDOH%XFXUHüWL)RQG&DVD5HJDO , d.27/1925, f. 27.
407 1 GHMGHD, 14 iulie 1929, p. 2.
408 Idem, 5 mai 1929.
409 Idem, 26 aprilie 1929.
412 Banatul, febr.-mart. 1928, p. 43.
413 Gligor Popi, Românii din Banatul iugoslav, (1918-1941), p. 215-217.
415 Revista Institutului Social Banat –&ULüDQD, nr. 37-38, 1940, p. 633-638.
417 9RLQ D%DQDWXOXL, 6 iunie 1926, p. 3.
418 /XFHDI UXO, anul III, nr. 9, sept. 1936, p. 420.
420 9RLQ DBanatului, 5 mai 1935, p. 2.
422 9RLQ D%DQDWXOXLVHSWSüLVHSWS
423 Lumina, nr. 9, 1988, p. 69.
424 Idem, nr. 4-7, 1991, p. 72.
425 Idem, nr. 11-12, 1990, p. 27.
426 Gligor Popi, Românii din Banatul iugoslav (1918-1941), p. 193-196.
224
428 Ibidem, p. 202.

429 Gligor Popi, Românii din Banatul iugoslav, (1918-1941), p. 205
430 Ibidem, p. 206-208.
431 Ibidem, p. 192.
432 Vasile Zaberca, 5RPkQLLGLQ%DQDWXOLXJRVODYüL0DUHD8QLUH7LPLüRDUD(G+HVWLDS
37-40.
433$UKLYD7LPLüRDUDIRQG3UHIHFWXUD7LPLü-Torontal, d. 3/1931, f. 7.
434 9RLQ D%DQDWXOXL, 2 sept. 1934, p. 2.
435'LUHF LDMXGH HDQ 7LPLüD$UKLYHORU1D ionale, fond 3UHIHFWXUDMXGH XOXL7LPLü– Torontal,
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436 Temešvarski Vestnik, 8 martie 1935, p. 4.
437'LUHF LDMXGH HDQ 7LPLüD$UKLYHORU1D LRQDOHIRQG3UHIHFWXUDMXGH XOXL7LPLü– Torontal,
d. 68/1927, f. 180.
438 Temešvarski Vestnik, 10 martie 1935, p. 4-5.
439 Idem, 17 martie 1935, p. 3-4.
440 9RLQ D%DQDWXOXL, 16 noiembrie 1924, p. 2.
441 Idem, 27 decembrie 1925, p. 5.
442 Temešvarski Vestnik, 17 martie 1935, p. 3-4.
443 Idem, 24 februarie 1935, p. 5.
444 Idem, 3 martie 1935, p. 3.
445 Idem, 20 octombrie 1935, p. 4.
446 Idem, 23 octombrie 1935, p. 3.
16/1934, f. 20.
448 Temešvarski Vestnik, 10 martie 1935, p. 5.
449 Idem, 1 decembrie 1935, p. 3.
450 Idem, 27 noiembrie 1935, p. 3.
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La 28 noiembrie 1919, Regatul Sârbo-Croato-Sloven, prin Ministerul
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U ]ERLXOXLGHF WUHGLUHF LDF LORUIHUDWHERVQLDFH4.
/D UkQGXO HL GLUHF ia UDR cerea aprobarea de a exporta în Regatul
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OD DXWRULW LOH JXYHUQDPHQWDOH GLQ VWDWXO YHFLQ SHUPLVLXQHD GH D LPSRUWD
1000 de vagoane fier vechi în schimbul a 100 vagoane fier nou (bare)
SUHFXPüLüLQ GHFDOHIHUDW ´GHFRXYLOOHµ5.
$XWRULW LOH URPkQH V-DX DU WDW IDYRUDELOH acestor schimburi, printre
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9RHYRGvQSHULRDGDvQFDUHDGH LQXWIXQF LDGHSULP-ministru al României.
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iugoslave6.
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GH .: SURGXV OD 5HüL D D IRVW IXUQL]DW H[SORDW ULL PLQLHUH GH la
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vQFKHLHUHD XQXL WUDWDW FRPHUFLDO vQWUH FHOH GRX VWDWH $FHDsta cu atât mai
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YHFLQYHFKLXOWDULIXQLFFHHDFHDSXV5RPkQLDVHDU WDvQWU-un document
DO GLSORPD LHL URPkQHüWL într-R Y GLW VWDUH GH LQIHULRULWDWH ID GH 5HJDWXO
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vQF GLQ RFWRPEULH %HOJUDGXOXL SULQ LQWHUPHGLXO /HJD LHL 5HJDWXOXL
Sârbo-Croato-Sloven din capitala României, încheierea unui aranjament
FRPHUFLDO SURYL]RULX ED]DW SH FODX]D QD LXQLL FHOHi mai favorizate. Partea
iugoslav QXDU VSXQVODDFHDVW QRW DVWIHOvQFkWODPDLH[HFXWLYXO
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229
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LDU P UIXULORU URPkQHüWL H[SRUWDte în Regatul Sârbo-Croato-Sloven tariful
minimal.
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Regatul Sârbo-Croato-Sloven, Theodor Emandi, a fost împuternicit la 24
IHEUXDULH V GHFODUH F JXYHUQXO SH FDUH-l reprezenta nu considera
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încheie un tratat comerciaO vQ VFKLPE HUD JDWD GXS FXP PDL IXVHVH
SURSXV V VHPQH]H üL FX 5HJDWXO 6kUER-Croato-Sloven aranjamente
FRPHUFLDOH SURYL]RULL SH ED]D FODX]HLQD LXQLL FHOHL PDL IDYRUL]DWH3DUWHD
iugoslav QXDGDWQLFLXQU VSXQVDFHVWXLGHPHUVURPkQHVF
La 25 decembrie 1924 a fost notificat guvernului Regatului Sârbo-
Croato-6ORYHQ F vQ FD]XO vQ FDUH DFHVWD FRQWLQXD V DSOLFH P UIXULORU
URPkQHüWL WDULIXO V X PD[LPDO 5RPkQLD VH YHGHD QHYRLW V DSOLFH üL HD
P UIXULORU SURYHQLWH GLQ DFHVW UHJDW DFHODüL WUDWDPHQW SkQ OD vQFKHLHUHD
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favorizate11.
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DSOLF ULLGHODPDUWLHDWDULIXOXLPLQLPDOSHQWUXP UIXULOHURPkQHüWLFH
intr SHWHULWRULXO5HJDWXOXL6kUER-Croato-Sloven12.
În mai 1928, în cadrul întrevederii dintre ministrul de externe
0DULQNRYLþüLUHSUH]HQWDQWXO5RPkQLHLvQFDSLWDOD5HJDWXOXL6kUER-Croato-
Sloven, diplomatul iugoslavDGHFODUDWF DFRQVWDWDWFXRFD]LDXQHLvizite
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LXJRVODYHFDILLQGSUHDSX LQGH]YROWDWH13.
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aceasta s-D PHQ LQXW vQ JHQHUDO DFHHDüL DWkW vQ GHFHQLXO WUHL FkW üL vQ
GHFHQLXOSDWUX,XJRVODYLDH[SRUWDvQ5RPkQLDIDVROHSUXQHXVFDWHVHPLQ H
pentru ulei, minereuri, cupru neprelucrat, extracte vegetale pentru
W E FLUHDSLHLORUKkUWLHGH LJDUHWHSLHLGHDQLPDOHüLLPSRUWDGHDLFLSHWURO
230
EHQ]LQ L HL VDUH VHPLQ H XOHLXUL PDV GH KkUWLH GLQ FHOXOR] etc.
&DUDFWHUXO DVHP Q WRU DO HFRQRPLLORU FHORU GRX UL D GHWHUPLQDW R
FRQFXUHQ vQWUH FHOH GRX UL SH SLD D LQWHUQD LRQDO GDWRULW VWUXFWXULL
DVHP Q WRDUe a exporturilor14.
%DODQ D FRPHU XOXL H[WHULRU DO 5RPkQLHL FX 5HJDWXO 6kUER-Croato-
Sloven se prezenta astfel15:
Anul 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929
+30 +73 +354 +375 +359 554 +629 +444 +562 +227
7RWvQDFHDVW SHULRDG SRWULYLWUDSortului trimis de Th. Emandi lui

1 7LWXOHVFX vQ GHFHPEULH GLSORPDWXO URPkQ üL-a oferit bunele
RILFLL SH OkQJ DXWRULW LOH LXJRVODYH OD VROLFLWDUHD *UHFLHL vQ YHGHUHD
vQFKHLHULL FRQYHQ LHL GH WUDQ]LW vQWUH FHOH GRX VWDWH SULQ 6DORQLF –
Ghevagheli16.
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FkWüL5HJDWXO6kUER-Croato-Sloven.
ÍQ 5RPkQLD FUL]D D vQWUHUXSW OLQLD DVFHQGHQW D YLH LL HFRQRPLFH
SURYRFkQG vQFKLGHUHD XQRU vQWUHSULQGHUL IDOLPHQWH SU EXüLUHD SUH XULORU
üRPDj, cu grave repercusiuni în plan social.
ÍQ,XJRVODYLDFUL]DDDWLQVID]DPD[LP vQFXFRQVHFLQ HFYDVL–
LGHQWLFHFHORUGLQ5RPkQLDvQFKLGHULGHvQWUHSULQGHULIDOLPHQWHFUHüWHUHD
üRPDMXOXLXQQRXH[RGDO UDQLORUüLPXQFLWRULORUSHVWHKRWDUH17.
/D VHSWHPEULH SULQ LQWHUPHGLXO /HJD LHL VDOH GLQ FDSLWDOD
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OXDWQRW GHSURSXQHUHDI FXW ODvQFHSXWXODFHOHLDüLOXQLGHF WUHJXYHUQXO
român, privind începerea negocierilor bilaterale în vederea încheierii
WUDWDWXOXL HFRQRPLF GLQWUH FHOH GRX VWDWH %HOJUDGXO D U VSXQV IDYRUDELO
GHPHUVXOXL URPkQHVF SURSXQkQG FD GDW SUR[LP GH vQFHSHUH D
FRQYRUELULORUPLMORFXOOXQLLRFWRPEULH*XYHUQXOURPkQHUDUXJDWV IL[H]H
GDWDH[DFW DvQWkOQLULLüLORFXOGHGHVI üXUDUHDDFHVWHLDXQDGLQFHOHGRX
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OD%XFXUHüWL18.
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1930. Astfel, cu prilejuO &RQIHULQ HL YDPDOH GH OD *HQHYD D DYXW ORF R
vQWkOQLUH vQWUH PLQLVWUXO GH ILQDQ H URPkQ 9 0DGJHDUX üL PLQLVWUXO
FRPHU XOXLGLQ,XJRVODYLDvQFDGUXOF UHLDDXIRVWDERUGDWHWRDWHDVSHFWHOH
231
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FRQVLGHUDWH GUHSW PXO XPLWRDUH SHQWUX SDUWHD iugoslav 7RWRGDW 1
Filodor a avut o întrevedere cu ministrul de externe iugoslav Kumanudi,
F UXLD L-D SUH]HQWDW SURLHFWHOH URPkQHüWL SULYLQG FRQYHQ LD FRPHUFLDO üL
FHDYHWHULQDU 19.
La 14 martie 1930, üHIXO /HJD LHL 5RPkQLHL OD %HOJUDG D DYXW R
FRQYRUELUHFX6H HURYFRQVLOLHUDO&RQVLOLXOXLOHJLVODWLYFDUHDVXEOLQLDWF
HUDvQLQWHUHVXODPEHORUS U LV VHDSHUHvPSRWULYDFRQFXUHQ HLHFRQRPLFH
VWU LQH ÍQ RSLQLD VD WUHEXLD V ILH DQDOL]DW SRVLELOLWDWHD IRUP ULL XQXL
WHULWRULX HFRQRPLF XQLF GH OD 0DUHD 1HDJU OD 0DUHD $GULDWLF V ILH
DOF WXLWH WDULIH SUHIHUHQ LDOH üL UHDOL]DW R XQLXQH YDPDO $FHDVW XQLXQH
XUPDV UHSUH]LQWHED]DXQHLXQLXQLDVWDWHORU(XURSHLFHQWUDOHRUJDQL]D LH
vQFDGUXOF UHLD,XJRVODYLDüL5RPkQLDXUPDXV GH LQ UROXOSULQFLSDO6-a
mai subliniat de partea iugoslav F DFHDVW LGHH HUD ELQH SULYLW GH F WUH
0DULQNRYLþ
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WUDQ]LWXOXLYLWHORUVSUH6DORQLFüL,WDOLDFHUkQGS U LLLXJRVODYHV DQDOL]H]H
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pentru încheierea unui aranjament comercial provizoriu (modus vivendi),
FDUHV SUHYDG FODX]DQD LXQLLFHOHLPDLIDYRUL]DWHSHQWUXWRDWHSURGXVHOH
VROXOXL üL LQGXVWULDOH LXJRVODYH H[SRUWDWH vQ 5RPkQLD vQ FRQGL LL GH
UHFLSURFLWDWH SHQWUX SURGXVHOH URPkQHüWL H[portate în Iugoslavia.
$UDQMDPHQWXOXUPDV VHvQFKHLHSHRGXUDW GHXQDQ22.
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IRVWSUHOXQJLWvQLDQXDULHüLLXnie 193223.
232
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favorizate, pentru tot FHHD FH SULYHD VWDELOLUHD H[HUFLWDUHD FRPHU XOXL VDX
LQGXVWULHLORUSUHFXPüLvQFHHDFHSULYHDLPSR]LWHOHüLDOWHWD[H
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VLWXD LL
a) Favorurile speciale care au fost sau vor fi acordate statelor limitrofe,
SHQWUXDXüXUDWUDILFXOGHIUXQWDULH
b) 5HJLPXO VSHFLDO GH LPSRUW GHVWLQDW D XüXUD UHJOHPHQWHOH ILQDQFLDUH
UH]XOWkQGGLQU ]ERLXOGHOD– 1918.
c) 'UHSWXULOH üL SULYLOHJLLOH DFRUGDWH VDX FDUH DU SXWHD IL DFRUGDWH vQ
viitor unuia sau mai multor altor state limitrofe, în vederea încheierii
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d) 'UHSWXULOHüLSULYLOHJLLOHFDUHDUSXWHDILDFRUGDWHvQYLLWRUGHXQDGLQ
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DFRUG UHFLSURFLWDWH
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obiectelor putând servi drept vehicul de contagiune, din teritoriul uneia
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regulamentele veterinare în vigoarH SH WHULWRULXO XQHLD GLQ S U LOH
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negocierilor pentru încheierea cât mai curând posibil a unui acord feroviar
üLDXQXLDIOXYLDO25.
233
Tot în vara anului 1930 (în 31 iulie – 1 august), a avut loc la Sinaia
FRQIHULQ DURPkQR– iugoslav vQFDUHDIRVWGH]E WXW SUREOHPDUHDOL] ULL
XQLXQLLYDPDOHvQWUHFHOHGRX VWDWH26.
PlaQXOQXDIRVWSULPLWIDYRUDELOGHF WUHPHPEULL8QLXQLLFHQWUDOHD
VLQGLFDWHORU DJULFROH üL FHL DL &RPLWHWXOXL XQLXQLL VLQGLFDWHORU YLWLFROH GLQ
5RPkQLD$FHüWLDDXDGUHVDWODDXJXVWXQPHPRULXUHJHOXL&DURODO
II-OHD vQ FDUH VH DU WD F FHOH GRX sindicate s-au întrunit în urma
&RQIHULQ HLGHOD6LQDLDDOF UHLFRPXQLFDWILQDOVXEOLQLDF SHQWUXXüXUDUHD
FUL]HL DJULFROH GLQ FHOH GRX VWDWH HUD XWLO vQFKHLHUHD XQLXQLL YDPDOH
$U WkQG F FHOH GRX FRPLWHWH VLQGLFDOH QX IXVHVHU FRQVXOWDWH vQ DFHDVW
SUREOHP DFHVWHD VH SURQXQ DX vPSRWULYD XQHL XQLXQL YDPDOH FX R DU
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SURGXVHORU DJULFROH OD FHO PDL VF ]XW SUH GLQ ILHFDUH DU üL QX YD DYHD GUHSW
rezultat decât egalizarea mizeriei comune. Memoriul propunea realizarea nu a
XQHLXQLXQLYDPDOHFLDXQHLDOLDQ HYDPDOHFX ULOHDJULFROHFDUHO VkQG
QHüWLUELW HQWLWDWHDORUHFRQRPLF V OHXQHDVF SXWHULOHSHQWUXDRE LQHGH
OD ULOHLQGXVWULDOHLPSRUWDWRDUHDYDQWDMHODH[SRrturile lor agricole. $OLDQ D
YDPDO D ULORUDJULFROHRIHULQG ULORULQGXVWULDOHXQGHEXüHXPDLvQVHPQDWGHFkW
DO ILHF UHL UL vQ SDUWH YD SHUPLWH V LPSXQHP ULORU LQGXVWULDOH FXPS UDUHD
SURGXVHORUDJULFROHvQFRQGL LXQLGHSUHIHULQ üLSHED] GHFRQWLQJHQ HUHFLSURFH27.
8Q PRPHQW LPSRUWDQW vQ FDGUXO UHOD LLORU FRPHUFLDOH URPkQR –
LXJRVODYHDVXUYHQLWvQSULP YDUDDQXOXLFkQGOD%HOJUDGDOXDWILLQ
´&RPLWHWXO LXJRVODY SHQWUX SURPRYDUHD OHJ WXULORU HFRQRPLFH FX
România”. Luând contact cu reprH]HQWDQ LL /HJD LHL URPkQH GLQ %HOJUDG
GLUHFWRUXO 2ILFLXOXL LXJRVODY GH H[SRUW - 7RPL Lþ D DU WDW F SHQWUX
LQWHQVLILFDUHD UHOD LLORU HFRQRPLFH FX 5RPkQLD FDUH vQ RSLQLD VD IXVHVHU
SkQ OD DFHD GDW FRPSOHW QHJOLMDWH V-a ajuns la întocmirea statutelor
DFHVWXLFRPLWHW6WDWXWHOHIXVHVHU DSUREDWHGHJXYHUQLDUvQILLQ DUHDDFHVWXL
FRPLWHWIXVHVH SULPLW IDYRUDELO GH F WUH SUHV 'DWRULW OLSVHL GHIRQGXUL
partea iugoslav QXFRQVLGHUDVHQHFHVDU vQILLQ DUHDXQXLFRPLWHWPL[WVDX
a unei Camere de comer URPkQR– iugoslave.
ÍQ UDSRDUWHOH VDOH WULPLVH %XFXUHüWLXOXL üHIXO /HJD LHL URPkQH
*XU QHVFXSURSXQHDvQILLQ DUHDOD%XFXUHüWLDXQXL&RPLWHWURPkQSHQWUX
intensificarea raporturilor economice cu Iugoslavia28.
/DLQDXJXUDUHD&RPLWHWXOXLGU-7RPL LþHYLGHQ LDF vQPRPHQWXO
GHFODQü ULL FUL]HL SURGXVHORU DJULFROH ,XJRVODYLD V-D J VLW DO WXUL GH
5RPkQLD vQ F XWDUHD F LORU üL PLMORDFHORU QHFHVDUH FRODERU ULL SHQWUX D
234
SXWHD IDFH ID JUHXW LORU JUDYH FH DS UXVHU vQ DFHVW VHFWRU HFRQRPLF
$U WkQG F 'XQ UHD UHSUH]HQWD R LPSRUWDQW FDOH GH VFXUJHUH D SURGXVHORU
QRDVWUH DJULFROH F WUH GHEXüHXULOH PDUL HD QH OHDJ GH 5RPkQLD vQ YHGHUHD XQHL
FRODERU UL FRPXQH YRUELWRUXO VXEOLQLD F OHJ WXULOH HFRQRPLFH QX HUDX OD
DFHDGDW DWkWGHEXQHSHFkWDUILSXWXWILOLSVLQGFXQRDüWHUHDUHFLSURF D
UHDOLW LORU HFRQRPLFH GLQ FHOH GRX UL 'DWRULW DFHVWHL VLWXD LL IXVHVH
FUHDW ´&RPLWHWXO LXJRVODY SHQWUX SURPRYDUHD OHJ WXULORU HFRQRPLFH FX
5RPkQLDµÍQFRQFHS LDGLUHFWRUXOXL2ILFLXOXLFRPHU XOXLH[WHULRULXJRVlav,
5RPkQLD MRDF DVW ]L XQ PDUH URO vQ FRPHU XO QRVWUX GH WUDQ]LW üL HVWH FODU F
multe din produsele noastre industriale pot - printr-R VLVWHPDWLF S WUXQGHUH SH
SLD DURPkQHDVF –V MRDFHGHDVHPHQHDXQUROvQVHPQDWvQVFKLPEXOP UIXULORU
dintre ambHOH ULSUHFXP«HVWHVLJXUF üL5RPkQLDGLVSXQHGHDQXPLWHDUWLFROH
FDUL RGDW FXQRVFXWH SXEOLFXOXL QRVWUX FRQVXPDWRU SRW V vQYLRUH]H UHOD LLOH
noastre economice. Potrivit demnitarului iugoslav, intensificarea schimbului
UHFLSURFGHWXULüWLSRDWH inIOXHQ DIDYRUDELODVXSUDOHJ WXULORUGLQWUHDPEHOH UL
üLSRDWHFRQWULEXLFRQVLGHUDELOODFXQRDüWHUHDUHFLSURF üLDFHORUODOWHFRQGL LXQLvQ
YHGHUHDXQHLVWUkQVHFRODERU ULüLvQGRPHQLXOVRFLDOüLFXOWXUDO29.
/DUkQGXOV XPLQLVWUXOGHH[WHUQHURPkQ*KLFDvüLH[SULPDvQPDL
GRULQ DGHDLQWHQVLILFDOHJ WXULOHHFRQRPLFHFX,XJRVODYLDSHFDUHüL
noi le-DPQHJOLMDWFXPDXIRVWGHSLOG FHOHFRQYHQ LXQLFH] FHDXvQVHUWDUHOH
0LQLVWHUXOXL GH H[WHUQH GLQ DQXO SkQ OD YHQLUHD PHD. Tot atunci, üHIXO
GLSORPD LHLURPkQHSUHFRQL]DRLQWHUYHQ LHSHFDOHGLSORPDWLF OD%HOJUDG
vQ YHGHUHD VF GHULL WD[HORU GH WUDQVSRUW SHQWUX FHUHDOHOH IXUDMHOH üL
SURGXVHOH OHPQRDVH URPkQHüWL FH WUDQ]LWDX ,XJRVODYLD H[LVWkQG vQ DFHVW
VHQVRVHULHGHQHPXO XPLULH[SULPDWHGHFHUFXULOHHFRQRPLFHE Q HQH30.
ÍQ UDSRUWXO vQWRFPLW GH F WUH *XU QHVFX vQ GHFHPEULH VH
PHQ LRQD QHFHVLWDWHD vQFHSHULL QHJRFLHULORU SHQWUX vQFKHLHUHD XQXL QRX
tratat economic, solicitat în repetate rânduri de guvernul iugoslav, precum
üLDGRSWDUHDXQRUKRW UkULvQYHGHUHDUHOX ULLWUDQ]LWXOXLYLWHORUURPkQHüWL
SH WHULWRULXO ,XJRVODYLHL WUDQ]LW FH IXVHVH vQWUHUXSW GH F WUH DXWRULW LOH
statului vecin31.
&X SULOHMXO vQWkOQLULL -HYWLþ – Titulescu de la Belgrad din decembrie
üHIXO GLSORPD LHi iugoslave l-D UXJDW SH RPRORJXO V X URPkQ V
LQWHUYLQ SH OkQJ 9 0DGJHDUX FX FDUH DYXVHVH R FRQYRUELUH vQ DFHVW
VHQVSHQWUXQXPLUHDLPHGLDW DXQHLFRPLVLLGHH[SHU LILQDQFLDULYDPDOL
üLFRPHUFLDOLFDUHV VWXGLH]HSRVLELOLWDWHDSXQHULLvQSUDFWLF DXQHL8QLXQL
235
YDPDOH vQWUH 5RPkQLD üL ,XJRVODYLD LQkQGX-VH FRQW üL GH UDSRUWXULOH
economice cu Cehoslovacia32.
Din punct de vedere statistic, schimburile comerciale româno –
iugoslave au cunoscut, în perioada 1927 –XUP WRDUHDHYROX LH
România a importat din Iugoslavia33:
An 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933

Tone 11.919 40.267 64.916 23.532 2.772 3.030 5.290
Val. / mii lei 100.340 78.950 275.883 79.600 55.597 45.285 89.749
vQYUHPHFHVWUXFWXUDH[SRUWXULORUURPkQHüWLVHSUH]HQWDDVWIHO34:
An 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933

Tone 195.026 217.274 182.846 242.750 170.761 176.081 137.048
Val. / mii lei 544.424 641.056 503.081 509.558 247.219 229.793 184.242
ÍQSULYLQ DEDODQ HLFRPHUFLDOHD5RPkQLHLvQUDSRUWFX,XJRVODYLDvQ

perioada 1929 – 1933, ea se prezenta astfel35:
Anul 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933

+444 +562 +227 +420 +192 +178 +94
Din Iugoslavia s-a exportat în România, prin intermediul unor firme,

ciment (“Portland” a livrat în 1931 175.500 kg ciment, în valoare de 66.500
dinari)36SOXPEvQSO FLQHSUHOXFUDWHNJvQYDORDUHGH
dinari; 1930: 175.047 kg în valoare de 974.600 dinari)37SLHLEUXWHüLV UDWH
FH GH LQHDX R SRQGHUH LPSRUWDQW vQ VWUXFWXUD H[SRUWXOXL LXJRVODY vQ
România), prin intermediul firmHL.UVWLþ3RUPLWLþüL DMQRYLþ38.
$X PDL I FXW FHUHUL GH D H[SRUWD vQ 5RPkQLD ILUPHOH ´$ 'XSUR]µ
(Belgrad, rachete de tenis), “J. Hanau” (Belgrad, sulf)39, “Societatea
LXJRVODY SHQWUXGLVWLODUHDOHPQXOXLµGLQ7HVOLþ%RVQLD40 etc.
Au existat, în perioada 1929 –üLXQHOHLQFLGHQWHvQWUHFHOHGRX
S U L vQ GRPHQLXO FRPHU XOXL $VWIHO ILUPD ´+RULRSµ D H[SHGLDW vQ
&DVHL ´$FHWLOR[µ GLQ %XFXUHüWL NJ GH SXOEHUH vQ VFRSXO HIHFWX ULL XQHL
SUREH SUHDODELOH vQ YHGHUHD UHSUH]HQWDQ HL JHQHUDOH SHQWUX Yknzarea
DFHVWXL SURGXV vQ 5RPkQLD )LUPD LXJRVODY QX D SULPLW QLFL XQ U VSXQV
din partea firmei române, care nu achitase nici cheltuielile de transport ale
SUREHLGLQDUL)LUPD´$FHWLOR[µDDFFHSWDWUHFODPD LDS U LLiugoslave,
236
dar a justificat neplaWD FKHOWXLHOLORU SULQ UHVWULF LLOH LPSXVH vQ RE LQHUHD
GHYL]HORU 6H VXJHUD UH]ROYDUHD SUREOHPHL SULQ DFFHSWDUHD GH F WUH
FRQVXODWXO,XJRVODYLHLGLQ%XFXUHüWLDFRQWUDYDORULLvQOHLDVXPHLGHGH
dinari41.
)DEULFDGHJLSVGLQ$JKLUHüFHUHDIRUXULOHFRPSHWHQWHGHOD%XFXUHüWL
V LD vQ FRQVLGHUDUH vQ HYHQWXDOLWDWHD XQRU WUDWDWLYH FRPHUFLDOH FX
%HOJUDGXOVLWXD LDH[SRUWXOXLGHJLSVvQ,XJRVODYLDGHRDUHFHDFHVWSURGXV
din cauza taxelor vamale prohibitive impuse de partea iugoslav SLHUGXVH
FRPSOHW SLD D iugoslavHDVF 6H VROLFLWD R LQWHUYHQ LH RILFLDO vQ YHGHUHD
GHVILLQ ULLDFHVWHLWD[HSURKLELWLYH42.
ÍQ GRPHQLXO FRPHU XOXL FX SURGXVH DJULFROH WUHEXLH PHQ LRQDW
KRW UkUHD0LQLVWHUXOXL$JULFXOWXULLGHOD%HOJUDGFDUHODQRLHPEULH
D KRW UkW FD GXEOLL SURSULHWDUL VXSXüL LXJRVODYL FDUH SRVHGDX S PkQW vQ
5RPkQLD V SRDW LPSRUWD – respectând prevederile Regulamentului
SULYLWRU OD LPSRUWXO üL WUDQ]LWXO FDUWRILORU – cartofii provenind de pe
SURSULHW LOH ORU DIODWH SH WHULWRULXO URPkQHVF I U FD WUDQVSRUWXO V ILH
vQVR LWGHFHUWLILFDWHOHGHRULJLQHüLV Q WDWHÍQDLQWHGHDILSXV vQYkQ]DUH
PDUID WUHEXLD vQV H[DPLQDW GH RUJDQHOH VWD LXQLL DJULFROH GH FRQWURO GLQ
7RS LGHULDUVWDWXOvüLUH]HUYDGUHSWXOGHDRSULLPSRUWXO43.
ÍQWUHFHOHGRX VWDWHDXH[LVWDWFRODERU ULüLvQGRPHQLXOSURGXFHULLüL
GLVWULEXLULL HQHUJLHL HOHFWULFH 3DUWHD URPkQ D VWXGLDW OXFUDUHD ´6WDWLVWLFD
FHQWUDOHORU HOHFWULFH GLQ ,XJRVODYLDµ üL KDUWD GH HOHFWULILFDUH D ,XJRVODYLHL
WULPLVH GH ´$VRFLD LD SURGXF WRULORU GH HQHUJLH HOHFWULF GLQ ,XJRVODYLDµ
FDUH D VROLFLWDW OD UkQGXO HL IRUXULORU URPkQHüWL OHJLVOD LD UHJXODPHQWHOH üL
GLVSR]L LLOH PLQLVWHULDOH SULYLWRDUH OD HOHFWULILFDUHD 5RPkQLHL $X PDL IRVW
VROLFLWDWH üL WH[WHOH OHJLL DSHORU D GLVSR]L LLORU SULYLWRDUH OD FRQVWUuirea
FHQWUDOHORU HOHFWULFH SUHFXP üL OHJHD SULYLQG RUJDQL]DUHD vQWUHSULQGHULORU
FRPHUFLDOHüLDEXQXULORUVWDWXOXL44.
Între 8-10 aprilie 1933, la Novi Sad a fost organizat târgul de vite, care
D IRVW YL]LWDW üL GH DWDüDWXO FRPHUFLDO DO 5RPkQLHL OD LQYLWD LD ´$VRFLD LHL
DJULFXOWRULORUµ GLQ VWDWXO YHFLQ ÍQ GLVFX LLOH SXUWDWH FX SUHüHGLQWHOH
DVRFLD LHLV-DSURSXVFDODYLLWRDUHOHWkUJXULGHDFHVWIHOV SDUWLFLSHüLYLWH
URPkQHüWLLDUFUHVF WRULLLXJRVODYLV H[SXQ DQLPDOHODWkUJXULURPkQHüWL45.
Analizând UDSRUWXULOH FRPHUFLDOH GLQWUH FHOH GRX VWDWH OD vQFHSXWXO
deceniului al patrulea, reprezentantul diplomatic al României la Belgrad,
*XU QHVFX DU WD F vQ SULPHOH üDVH OXQL DOH DQXOXL V-a înregistrat o
WHQGLQ GH FUHüWHUH D VFKLPEXOXL GH P UIXUL vQWUH FHOH GRX UL,
237
FRPSDUDWLY FX DFHHDüL SHULRDG D DQXOXL SUHFHGHQW ([SRUWXO LXJRVODY vQ

România crescuse de la 3.326.864 dinari la 16.125.607 dinari, în timp ce
YDORDUHDLPSRUWXOXLGHSURGXVHURPkQHüWLFUHVFXVHGHODGLQDUL
la 36. 176. 822 dinari46.
În ciuda acestui progres, valoarea exporturilor iugoslave s-DPHQ LQXW
OD FRWH GHVWXO GH UHGXVH üL vQ SHULRDGD – ([SOLFD LD WUHEXLH
F XWDW vQSULPXOUkQGvQFDUDFWHUXODQDORJDOVWUXFWXULLHFRQRPLFHDFHORU
GRX VWDWH YHFLQH 3H SLD D URPkQHDVF SURGXVHOH iugoslave HUDX SX LQH
ILLQGJ VLWHvQVSHFLDOSLHLGHFRUQXWHPDULGHRDLHPLHO etc.EUXWHV UDWH
GHVWLQDWH W E F ULLORU üL IDEULFLORU GH vQF O PLQWH H[WUDFWHOH SHQWUX
W E FLWXOSLHLORUPLQHUHXULFXSUX]LQFSOXPEKkUWLDGH LJDUHWHFDQWLW L
QHvQVHPQDWHGHILHDUWLFROHGHILHUüLIHURVLOLFLX
$FHHDüL VLWXD LH VH UHJ VHüWH vQ SULYLQ D SURGXVHORU URPkQHüWL
H[SRUWDWH SH SLD D LXJRVODY 'LQWUH DFHVWHD SURGXVHOH SHWUROLIHUH RFXSDX
primul loc (firmele importatoare iugoslave VH SOkQJHDX GH IDSWXO F %15
UHIX]D SODWD vQ OHL HIHFWLYL H[WHUQL VHPLQ HOH ROHDJLQRDVH LPSRUWDWH vQ
special de fabricile de uleiuri vegetale din nordul Iugoslaviei), material de
FDOH IHUDW üL DUWLFROH GLQ ILHU H[SRUWDWH vQ VSHFLDO GH 8]LQHOH 5HüL D sare
JHP etc.47.
ÍQ DFHODüL WLPS UHSUH]HQWDWXO 5RPkQLHL OD %HOJUDG *XU QHVFX
HYLGHQ LDIDSWXOF vQXOWLPXOWULPHVWUXDODQXOXLWUDQ]LWXOP UIXULORU
LXJRVODYH SULQ SRUWXO %U LOD D IRVW GH RSW RUL PDL PDUH GHFkW vQ DFHHDüL
SHULRDG DDQXOXLSUHFHGHQt48'LSORPDWXOURPkQUHPDUFDvQPDUWLHF
vQ WUDILFXO GH P UIXUL GLQWUH FHOH GRX VWDWH V-D PHQ LQXW OD DFHODüL
QLYHOFDüLvQDQLLWUHFX LGHüLLPSRUWXOüLH[SRUWXOWRWDOGHP UIXULiugoslave a
VXIHULW R PLFüRUDUH DFFHQWXDW ID GH DQLL SUHFHGHQ L. Dintre produsele
URPkQHüWLFHOHSHWUROLHUHüLVDUHDFRQWLQXDXV DLE üLvQXQGHEXüHX
FRQVWDQWSHSLD Diugoslav
La începutul anului 1934 se afla în curs de perfectare un contract
pentru aprovizionarea Regiei iugoslave a monopolurilor de stat cu 30.000 t.
VDUHJHP GDUvQWLPSXOWUDWDWLYHORUV-DLYLWFRQFXUHQ DüLPDLSXWHUQLF D
V ULLSRORQH]H
7RWRGDW /HJD LD URPkQ GLQ ,XJRVODYLD DWU JHD DWHQ LD IRUXULORU
FRPSHWHQWH GH OD %XFXUHüWL F JXYHUQXO iugoslav era pe cale de a stabili
bazele unei politici comerciale49.
ÍQ WRDPQD DQXOXL JXYHUQXO LXJRVODY D KRW UkW F WRDWH VXPHOH
GDWRUDWHGHF WUHLPSRUWDWRULLiugoslavLGHSURGXVHURPkQHüWLV ILHGHSXVH
238
OD E QFLOH DXWRUL]DWH GLQ ,XJRVODYLD vQ FRQWXO GLQDULORU EORFD L SURYL]RULX.
Sumele bORFDWHSXWHDXVHUYLSHQWUXSO LOHRELüQXLWHGLQLQWHULRUXO ULLVDX
pentru plata produselor iugoslave exportate în România50.
Valoarea importului românesc din Iugoslavia s-a situat în 1934 la
nivelul a 64.791,3 t (92.940 mii lei) iar a exportului românesc în Iugoslavia la
138.044 t (151.125 mii lei)51.
ÍQ SULYLQ D EDODQ HL FRPHUFLDOH SH DQXO GLQWUH FHOH GRX UL
DFHDVWD HUD IDYRUDELO 5RPkQLHL GLQWUH LPSRUWXULOH iugoslave de
P UIXUL SH UHOD LD 5RPkQLD ILLQG SURGXVH SHWUROLIHUH SHQWUX H[SRUWXO
c URUD%DQFDQD LRQDO D5RPkQLHLSUHWLQGHGHYL]H52.
7RW vQ DFHODüL DQ vQWUH -30 septembrie, a avut loc la Belgrad
&RQJUHVXOFRRSHUDWRULORUGLQ,XJRVODYLDODFDUHDXSDUWLFLSDWüLGHOHJD LGLQ
5RPkQLDDO WXULGHFHLGLQ%XOJDULD53.
Un moment important îQUHOD LLOHFRPHUFLDOHGLQWUHFHOHGRX S U LD
IRVW üL DSOLFDUHD vQ SULP YDUD DQXOXL D DFRUGXOXL GH clearing. Acesta
SUHYHGHDFDSO LOHV ILHHIHFWXDWHSULQFRQWXULJOREDOHGHclearing, pe care
FHOH GRX E QFL GH HPLVLXQH üL OH GHVFKLGHDX UHFLSURF Astfel,
FRQWUDYDORDUHD H[SRUWXOXL LXJRVODY vQ 5RPkQLD WUHEXLD Y UVDW OD %15
SHQWUXFRQWXO% QFLLQD LRQDOHLXJRVODYHH[SRUWDWRULLFDUHDYHDXFUHDQ HvQ
5RPkQLD ILLQG REOLJD L V FHDU FD DFHVWH FUHDQ H V ILH GHSXVH OD %15
pentru contul BNI.
3O LOH XUPDX V ILH I FXWH vQ PRQHGD QD LRQDO GHFRQW ULOH
efectuându-VH OD SDULWDWH OHJDO GH GLQDU OHL &RQWUDYDORDUHD
P UIXULORU IDFWXUDWH vQ DOW PRQHG GHFkW GLQDUXO VDX OHXO XUPD V ILH
FRQYHUWLW ODFXUVXOGHVFKLPERILFLDOIL[DWOD%HOJUDGVDX%XFXUHüWL
Contul clearingFX5RPkQLDFRPSRUWDGRX PRGXULGHY UV PkQWSH
PRWLYXO F P UIXULOH SH FDUH ,XJRVODYLD OH LPSRUWD GLQ 5RPkQLD VH
vPS U HDX vQ GRX FDWHJRULL SHQWUX SHWURO üL GHULYD LL DFHVWXLD VH SXWHD
Y UVDvQGLQDULGLQFRQWUDYDORDUHLDUUHVWXOWUHEXLDSO WLWvQGHYL]HvQ
contul BNR; pentru celelalte articole exista un cont de clearing RELüQXLW
FRQWUDYDORDUHDP UIXULORUILLQGDFKLWDW LQWHJUDOvQGLQDUL54.
7RW vQ DQXO vQWUH 5RPkQLD üL ,XJRVODYLD D vQFHSXW VFKLPEXO GH
depozite confoUP &RQYHQ LHL GLQ PDUWLH GLQWUH FHOH GRX VWDWH
$FHVWH GHSR]LWH DXIRVWSUHOXDWH GH F WUH PDJKLDUL vQ WLPSXO U ]ERLXOXLüL
GXVH OD %XGDSHVWD LDU GXS WHUPLQDUHD FRQIOLFWXOXL PRQGLDO DX IRVW
WUDQVSRUWDWHOD7LPLüRDUD3RWULYLWvQ HOHJHULLGLQPDUWie 1933, depozitele ce
DSDU LQHDX S U LL iugoslavH HUDX FHGDWH GLUHF LXQLORU ILVFDOH FRPSHWHQWH
239
FDUHOHUHVWLWXLDXIRüWLORUSURSULHWDULÍQDFHODüLWLPSDIRVWSUHOXQJLWSkQ OD
GHFHPEULH DUDQMDPHQWXO FRPHUFLDO SURYL]RULX GLQWUH FHOH GRX
state55.
ÍQ UDSRUWXO DWDüDWXOXL FRPHUFLDO URPkQ GH OD %HOJUDG *ULJRUH ,
*KLD SULYLQG VFKLPEXULOH FRPHUFLDOH URPkQR-iugoslave pe primul
VHPHVWUX DO DQXOXL VH DU WD F FHOH GRX S U L H[SRUWDX üL LPSRUWDX
DFHOHDüL P UIXUL FD üL vQ DQLL SUHFHGHQ L ÍQ SHULRDGD DPLQWLW DX IRVW
H[SRUWDWH vQ 5RPkQLD W P UIXUL vQ YDORDUH GH GLQDUL vQ
vQ DFHHDüL SHULRDG FLIUD ILLQG GH W vQ YDORDUH GH
GLQDUL LDU LPSRUWXO SURGXVHORU URPkQHüWL D IRVW GH W vQ YDORDUH GH
27.319.395 dinari (în primul semestru al anului 1934 el fusese de 60.458 t, în
valoare de 33.965.567 dinari). Soldul activ în favoarea României era de
GLQDUL FHHDFH UHSUH]HQWD vQ PRQHG URPkQHDVF OHL
(conform prevederilor acordului de clearing). Comparativ, soldul activ al
României pe primul semestru al anului 1934 (18.669.597 dinari) era inferior
FX GLQDUL ID GH DFHODüL VHPHVWUX DO DQXOXL 56 )DSWXO F
EDODQ DFRPHUFLDO HUDGHILFLWDU SHQWUX,XJRVODYLDLDUGLQDUXOHUDVRFRWit la
FXUVXO GH OHL DX SURGXV R GHSUHFLHUH D OHXOXL SH SLD D iugoslav 57.
6WDWLVWLF OD VIkUüLWXO DQXOXL VLWXD LD VFKLPEXULORU FRPHUFLDOH VH
prezenta astfel: valoarea importurilor României din Iugoslavia se situa la
43.120,5 t (57.388 mii lei) iar FHD D H[SRUWXULOH URPkQHüWL vQ ,XJRVODYLD OD
139.899,6 t (180.460 mii lei)58.
ÍQ UDSRUWXO vQWRFPLW GH F WUH DXWRULW LOH URPkQH SULYLQG VLWXD LD
conturilor clearingDOH,XJRVODYLHLüLDSO LORUGLQWUH5RPkQLDüL,XJRVODYLD
OD RFWRPEULH EDODQ D GH SO L HUD vQ IDYRDUHD %HOJUDGXOXL LDU EDODQ D
FRPHUFLDO GLQVFKLPEXOGHP UIXULvQUHJLVWUDODVHSWHPEULHXQVROG
GHILFLWDU SHQWUX ,XJRVODYLD GH PLOLRDQH GLQDUL 'DWRULW clearing-ului
SDVLYSHQWUX5RPkQLDVDODULLOHDQJDMD LORU/HJD LHLFDUHVHY UVDXGHF WUH
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VHSWHPEULHGHRDUHFH%15QXDYHDDFRSHULUH$FHDVW VLWXD LHSRWULYLW
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pe exportaWRULLURPkQLV LQWUHvQSRVHVLDVXPHORUGDWRUDWHGHLPSRUWDWRULL
iugoslavL ILH F H[SRUWDWRULL URPkQL GH SURGXVH SHWUROLIHUH SURGXVH FDUH
IRUPDXJURVXOH[SRUWXOXLvQvQ HOHJHUHFXLPSRUWDWRULLiugoslavi primeau
sumele direct sau le transferau în alte p U LHYLWkQGDVWIHOHIHFWXDUHSO LORU
în sistem de clearing59.
240
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RFWRPEULHFDUHDU WDF %15QXFRQVWUkQJHDSHH[SRUWDWRULLURPkQLV
intre în posesia sumelor datorate de importatorii iugoslavL GHüL HUD
REOLJDW D R IDFH SULQ FRQYHQ LD GH clearing O VkQG H[SRUWDWRULORU URPkQL
SRVLELOLWDWHD FD vQ vQ HOHJHUH FX LPSRUWDWRULL GLQ ,XJRVODYLD V SULPHDVF
SODWDGLUHFWHYLWkQGSO LOHvQVLVWHPclearing&RQVHFLQ HOHHUDXG XQ WRDUH
SHQWUX VWDWXO URPkQ FDUH QX PDL SXWHD IDFH ID SO LORU UHSUH]HQWkQG
FRQWUDYDORDUHD P UIXULORU GLQ ,XJRVODYLD LPSRUWDWH üL QLFL SO LORU SHQWUX
/HJD LDURPkQ GLQ,XJRVODYLDFRQIRUPDUWSFW$GLQ$FRUGXOGHSO L
vQFKHLDW GH FHOH GRX E QFL QD LRQDOH %DQFD 1D LRQDO D 5RPkQLHL HUD
REOLJDW V LQWHUYLQ LPHGLDW üL V YHULILFH SULQ 'LUHF LD Y PLL FDUH HUD
YDORDUHDSURGXVHORUH[SRUWDWHüLFDUHHUDYDORDUHDvQFDVDW SULQVLVWHPXOGH
clearing. ÎQFD]XOvQFDUHVHFRQVWDWDF H[SRUWDWRULLURPkQLDXSULPLWSO LvQ
DIDU GHclearing%15WUHEXLDV LDP VXULGHRDUHFHU PkQHDGHVFRSHULW
ID GH%DQFD1D LRQDO D,XJRVODYLHLQHSXWkQGIDFHID SO LORUVSHFLILFDWH
în acordul de clearing60.
3ULQWUH ILUPHOH LXJRVODYH LQWHUHVDWH vQ FRPHU XO FX 5RPkQLD OD
miMORFXO GHFHQLXOXL DO SDWUXOHD VH QXP UDX ILUPD 5 VVOHU GHOOD
5R]ZDQGRYVNL GLQ %HOJUDG FDUH GRUHD V LPSRUWH FLQFL YDJRDQH GH
usturoi)61IDEULFDGHDYLRDQHGLQ%HOJUDGFDUHGRUHDV FXPSHUHOHPQGH
UH]RQDQ SHQWUXIDEULFDUHDDYLRDQHORU&DVD´+XJR%XOO\µFDUHLQWHQ LRQD
V LPSRUWH PDVLY DUWLFROH GH SRU HODQ üL VWLFO ULH ILUPD ´%ODQ L GUXJµ GLQ
=DJUHE LQWHUHVDW vQ LPSRUWXO DUWLFROHORU GH FHUDPLF üL SDUDILQ üL
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Industrie comunica vQF ILUPD´ HQGLND0OLQ–3DUPHQDFµGLQ D DN
se putea adresa direct Casei “Suhani S-sori et M. Nits” din Gherla, care se
RFXSDFXIXUQL]DUHDFRMLORUGHVWHMDULvQWUHEXLQ DWHvQLQGXVWULDW E F ULHL63,
iar la începutul anului 1936 fabrica “Radiatora i Kotlova” din Petrovgrad
D]L =UHQMDQLQ LQWHQ LRQD V LQWUH vQ OHJ WXU FX IDEULFLOH URPkQHüWL FH-I
SXWHDXIXUQL]DFD]DQHüLUDGLDWRDUHSHQWUXvQF O]LUHFHQWUDO 64.
/DLXOLHVHF LDQD LRQDO ,XJRVODY GLQFRQVLOLXOHFRQRPLFDO
0LFLL ÍQ HOHJHUL D DGUHVDW VHF LHL VLPLODUH GLQ 5RPkQLD R VFULVRDUH vQ FDUH
DU WD JUHXW LOH SH FDUH OH vQWkPSLQDX H[SRUWDWRULL GH WDQLQ üL GH H[WUDVH
YHJHWDOHSHQWUXW E F ULHSUHFXPüLFHLFHVHRFXSDXFXYkQ]DUHDSHüWHOXL
GH DS GXOFH GLQ ,XJRVODYLD vQ 5RPkQLD VROLFLWkQG OXDUHD GH P VXUL vQ
YHGHUHDQRUPDOL] ULLDFHVWRUH[SRUWXUL65.
241
/D QRLHPEULH D DYXW ORF R vQWkOQLUH D GRX VXE-comisii

româno-LXJRVODYH SHQWUX H[DPLQDUHD VLWXD LHL GH PRPHQW D UHJOHPHQW ULL
FUHDQ HORU GLQWUH FHOH GRX VWDWH DMXQJkQGX-se la concluzLD F QX H[LVWDX
FKHVWLXQLSHQGLQWHvQDFHDVW SULYLQ 66.
ÍQ UDSRUWXULOH FRPHUFLDOH GLQWUH FHOH GRX VWDWH V-au situat la
XUP WRULL SDUDPHWUL LPSRUWXULOH 5RPkQLHL – 91.346,4 t (77.150 mii lei) iar
exporturile – 141.528,2 t (198.243 mii lei)67.
În vedeUHD P ULULL YROXPXOXL VFKLPEXULORU FRPHUFLDOH OD PDUWLH
1937 s-D VHPQDW OD %XFXUHüWL ´$UDQMDPHQWXO FRPHUFLDO vQWUH 5HJDWXO
5RPkQLHL üL 5HJDWXO ,XJRVODYLHLµ $UWLFROXO SUHYHGHD F UHVWULF LLOH OD
LPSRUW FRQWLQJHQWH SHUPLVH GH LPSRUW DXWRUL]D LL GH SO L VDX WUDQVIHU
care existau sau care s-DUVWDELOLXOWHULRUYRUILDSOLFDWHP UIXULORUXQHLDVDX
FHOHLODOWHS U LFRQWUDFWDQWHvQPRGELQHYRLWRUFHOH-ar permite traficul liber
üL UHJXODW FHO SX LQ SkQ OD FRQFXUHQ D PHGLH DWLQV vQ SHULRDGD –
19 2SHUD LXQLOH SHQWUX HOLEHUDUHD SHUPLVHORU XUPDX V ILH VLPSOLILFDWH
*XYHUQXO 5RPkQLHL vQ DUW vüL OXD DQJDMDPHQWXO GH D HOLEHUD SHUPLVHOH
QHFHVDUHSHQWUXLPSRUWXOXUP WRDUHORUSURGXVHLXJRVODYHSHüWHüLSURGXVH
GLQSHüWHKkUWLHSLSHUURüXIHURsiliciu, fier laminat în foi (pentru butoaie),
FLPHQWGHQWDUüLDOWHSURGXVHGHX]VWRPDWRORJLFWULFORUHWLOHQ PRUILQ üL
GHULYDWHÍQDUWDO$UDQMDPHQWXOXLJXYHUQXOGHOD%HOJUDGVHDQJDMDV QX
DSOLFH LPSRUWXULORU GLQ 5RPkQLD UHJLPXO UHVWULF LLORU stabilit de Decretul-
OHJH GLQ DSULOLH üL GH 'HFL]LD 0LQLVWHUXOXL GH )LQDQ H GLQ LXQLH
1936.
3HQWUX D XUP UL GH]YROWDUHD FRPHU XOXL UHFLSURF DXWRULW LOH
FRPSHWHQWHURPkQHXUPDXV FRPXQLFH/HJD LHLLXJRVODYHGLQ%XFXUHüWLOD
VIkUüLWXO ILHF UHL OXQL OLVWHOH SHUPLVHORU HOLEHUDWH vQ OXQD SUHFHGHQW
$UDQMDPHQWXODIRVWvQFKHLDWSHRSHULRDG GHXQDQLQWUkQGvQYLJRDUHOD
PDUWLH'DF DFHVWDQXHUDGHQXQ DWFXFHOSX LQGRX OXQLvQDLQWH
GH WHUPHQXO GH H[SLUDUH XUPD V ILH SUHOXQJLW WDFLW SHQWUX R SHULRDG GH
vQF XQDQ68.
La 13 mai 1937 a fost semnat la Belgrad “Tratatul de stabilire, de
FRPHU üL GH QDYLJD LXQH vQWUH 5RPkQLD üL ,XJRVODYLDµ GH F WUH PLQLVWUXO
URPkQ DO ,QGXVWULHL üL &RPHU XOXL 9DOHULX 3RS üL RPRORJXO V X iugoslav
Milan 9UEDQLþ69 0RWLYD LD FRPXQ D FHORU GRX S U L VHPQDWDUH HUD
VLQWHWL]DW DVWIHO'RULQGGHRSRWULY V vQW UHDVF UHOD LXQLOHGHDPLFL LHFDUH-i
XQHVFüLV GHVYROWHUHOD LXQLOHFRPHUFLDOHüLGHQDYLJD LXQHvQWUHFHOHGRX ULDX
GHFLVV vQFKHLHXQ7UDWDWGHVWDELOLUHGHFRPHU üLGHQDYLJD LXQH«. Articolul 1,
242
primul aliniat, prevedea: 6XSXüLLILHF UHLGLQÍQDOWHOH3 U L&RQWUDFWDQWHVHYRU

EXFXUD SH WHULWRULXO FHOHLODOWH vQ FHHD FH SULYHüWH SHUVRDQD ORU VLWXD LXQHD ORU
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DYDQWDMHFDüLQD LRQDOLLDWkWWLPSFkWOHJLOHQXGLVSXQDOWIHOÍQFD]XOvQFDUHOHJLOH
DU FRQ LQH GLVSR]L LXQL VSHFLDOH SULYLWRDUH OD VWU LQL VXSXüLL ÍQDOWHORU 3 U L
Contractante se vor bucuUD GH DFHOHDüL GUHSWXUL FD VXSXüLL QD LXQLL FHOHL PDL
favorizate70 /D DFHHDüL GDW FHL GRL GHPQLWDUL DX VHPQDW üL ´&RQYHQ LD
VDQLWDU YHWHULQDU vQWUH 5HJDWXO 5RPkQLHL üL 5HJDWXO ,XJRVODYLHLµ FDUH
prevedea limitarea traficului de tranzit al animalelor, aOS U LORUGHDQLPDOH
DOSURGXVHORUüLPDWHULLORUEUXWHDQLPDOHSUHFXPüLDORELHFWHORUFHSXWHDX
WUDQVSRUWD JHUPHQL GH HSL]RRWLL OD DQXPLWH SXQFWH GH LQWUDUH üL
REOLJDWLYLWDWHDDPEHORUS U LGHDHIHFWXDFRQWUROXOYHWHULQDUGHIURQWLHU 71.
În luna apriliH5RPkQLDRFXSDORFXOvQWUH ULOHH[SRUWDWRDUH
în Iugoslavia, înregistrându-VH R vQVHPQDW FUHüWHUH ID GH DFHHDüL
SHULRDG DDQXOXLÍQFLIUHDEVROXWHLPSRUWXOURPkQHVFGLQ,XJRVODYLD
HUDvQSULP YDUDDQXOXLvQFUHüWHUH72.
ÍQWUH ULOHFDUH H[SRUWDX SURGXVH vQ ,XJRVODYLD 5RPkQLD GH LQHD vQ
aprilie 1937 o pondere de 3,6%73 /D VIkUüLWXO DQXOXL VLWXD LD VWDWLVWLF D
VFKLPEXULORUFRPHUFLDOHHUDXUP WRDUHD5RPkQLDLPSRUWDVHGLQ,XJRVODYLD
R FDQWLWDWH GH W PLL OHL üL H[portase 193.770,3 t (433.872
PLL OHL 7UHEXLH UHPDUFDW IDSWXO F GLQ WRWDOXO H[SRUWXOXL UHDOL]DW GH
%HOJUDG vQ YDORDUH GH GLQDUL SRQGHUHD FRPHU XOXL VSUH
5RPkQLDHUDGHH[SRUWXOILLQGRULHQWDWPDLDOHVVSUH ULFD(JLSWXO
Argentina, Ungaria, Grecia74.
/DLXOLHDWDüDWXOFRPHUFLDODO5RPkQLHLOD%HOJUDGUHIHULQGX-
VHODUDSRUWXULOHFRPHUFLDOHGLQWUHFHOHGRX VWDWHVXEOLQLDF SkQ vQDQXO
5RPkQLD ILJXUDVH SULQWUH VWDWHOH IXUQL]RDUH GH F UEXQH SHQWUX
Iugoslavia, la aceasWD FRQWULEXLQG DSURSLHUHD JHRJUDILF GLQWUH FHOH GRX
UL üL SRVLELOLWDWHD GH WUDQVSRUW QDYDO D F UEXQHOXL URPkQHVF 'XS
H[SRUWXO F UEXQHOXL URPkQHVF D FXQRVFXW R VF GHUH GDU OD PRPHQWXO
UHGDFW ULL GRFXPHQWXOXL VH vQWUHYHGHD R UHODQVDUH D FRPHU Xlui cu acest
produs75.
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URPkQHDVF üL DQXPH WUDQ]LWXO SH 'XQ UH DO P UIXULORU LXJRVODYH üL vQ
VSHFLDO FHO DO FHUHDOHORU $FHVWD VH GHUXOD GH RELFHL SULQ SRUWXO %U LOD
ridicându-se în 1929 la aproape 700.000 tone. Consecutiv acestui an,
WUDQ]LWXODVF ]XWFRQWLQXXDVWIHOvQFkWODQLYHOXODQXOXLVHUHGXVHVHOD
243
]HUR$WDüDWXOFRPHUFLDOURPkQGHOD%HOJUDG*KHRUJKH*KHRUJKLXH[SOLFD
DFHDVW VLWXD LHSULQIRORVLUHDF LLPDULWLPHFDUHvQRSLQLDsa, era mult mai
DYDQWDMRDV GHFkWFHDIOXYLDO 'XS VHDU WDvQFRQWLQXDUHvQUDSRUW
GDWRULW P ULULL YROXPXOXL FRPHU XOXL H[WHULRU LXJRVODY GDU üL D
LQVXILFLHQWHL GRW UL D SRUWXULORU PDULWLPH FLIUHOH UHIOHFWkQG WUDQ]LWXO SULQ
SRUWXULOH URPkQHüWL DX UHDS UXW vQ VWDWLVWLFLOH LXJRVODYH HOH vQVXPkQG
WRQH 5HSUH]HQWDQWXO FRPHUFLDO vüL SURSXQHD FD RELHFWLY FUHüWHUHD
WUDQ]LWXOXLGHFHUHDOHSURYHQLQGGLQ,XJRVODYLDSULQSRUWXO%U LOD76.
/D PDL ´$VRFLD LD SHQWUX RUJDQL]DUHD WkUJXULORU üL
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GH OD %HOJUDG SH VHSWHPEULH DO DFHOXLDüL DQ 5RPkQLD ILLQG LQYLWDW V
participe oficial cu un pavilion permanent. Guvernul iugoslav a acordat o
DWHQ LH GHRVHELW DFHVWXL WkUJ XUP ULQG V WUDQVIRUPH DFHVW HYHQLPHQW vQ
WU V WXUD GH XQLUH vQWUH ULOH EDOFDQLFH üL GLQ ED]LQXO GDQXELDQ FX R VWUXFWXU
HFRQRPLF ED]DW SH DJULFXOWXU üL PDULOH UL LQGXVWULDOH GLQ 2FFLGHQW.
,PSRUWDQ DDFRUGDW GHVWDWXOURPkQSDUWLFLS ULLODDFHVWWkUJLQWHUQD LRQDO
HVWH UHIOHFWDW üL GH FHUHUHD DWDüDWXOXL FRPHUFLDO *K *KHRUJKLX FDUH D üL
vQWRFPLW SODQXO SDYLOLRQXOXL QD LRQDO GH D L VH DVLJXUD VXPD GH
OHL üL OHPQXO GH FRQVWUXF LH QHFHVDU 3DYLOLRQXO UHDOL]DW vQWU-R PDQLHU FH
îmbina specLILFXOQD LRQDOFXDUKLWHFWXUDPRGHUQ DIRVWDPSODVDWvQ]RQD
FHQWUDO D WkUJXOXL77. Succesul de care s-a bucurat pavilionul României a
GHWHUPLQDW &RPLWHWXO GH SDUWLFLSDUH V -l transforme, începând cu 1
RFWRPEULH vQ H[SR]L LH - PX]HX SHUPDQHQW vQ scopuri de
SURSDJDQG 78 ([SR]L LD SHUPDQHQW URPkQHDVF GH OD %HOJUDG D IRVW
UHPDUFDW üLFXRFD]LDWkUJXULORUGHSULP YDU üLWRDPQ GLQDQXO79.
ÍQ LXOLH %XFXUHüWLXO D DGXV vQ GLVFX LH SURLHFWXO vQILLQ ULL XQHL
FDPHUH GH FRPHU URPkQR-iugoslave OD %HOJUDG I FkQG GHPHUVXULOH
QHFHVDUH vQ DFHVW VHQV SH OkQJ JXYHUQXO LXJRVODY 5 VSXQVXO S U LL
iugoslave a venit cu întârziere80FHHDFHDGHWHUPLQDWFDSURLHFWXOV GHYLQ
UHDOLWDWH DELD OD PDUWLH /D LQDXJXUDUHD FDPHUHL GH FRPHU D IRVW
prezHQWüLPLQLVWUXOURPkQDOFRPHU XOXLH[WHULRU'&KULVWXFDUHVXV LQXVH
ODUDGLR%HOJUDGvQPDUWLHFXRFD]LDSUH]HQ HLVDOHvQFDSLWDODLXJRVODY
FRQIHULQ D ´,XJRVODYLD üL 5RPkQLD vQ FRQMXQFWXUD HFRQRPLF DFWXDO µ81,
ministrul de externe Grigore Gafencu , N.C. Angelescu, Ion Gigurtu. În
DORFX LXQHD VD &KULVWX D DILUPDW DFWLYLWDWHD &DPHUHL GH FRPHU PL[WH QX H
GHVWLQDW QXPDL V VDWLVIDF LQWHUHVHOH PHPEULORU HL VDX LQWHUHVHOH DQXPLWRU
FDWHJRULL GH SHUVRDQH $FHDVW DFWLYLWDWH FDUH XUP UHüWH ELQHvQ eles dezvoltarea
244
YROXPXOXL GH DIDFHUL vQWUH ULOH QRDVWUH WUHEXLH V FRQWLQXH SkQ OD VIkUüLW OD
VSRULUHD SURVSHULW LL JHQHUDOH üL OD vQW ULUHD VHQWLPHQWXOXL GH VROLGDULWDWH FDUH
XQHüWH SRSRDUHOH QRDVWUH. S-D DSUHFLDW FX DFHVW SULOHM F YROXPXO FRPHU XOui
GLQWUHFHOHGRX VWDWHFRQWLQXDVHV FUHDVF vQSHULRDGDDQWHULRDU 82.
ÍQ 5RPkQLD D H[SRUWDW vQ ,XJRVODYLD WRQH P UIXUL vQ
YDORDUHGHPLLOHLüLDLPSRUWDWWRQHP UIXULvQYDORDUHGH
163.633 mii lei83.
În domeniul bancar,vQUHJLVWU PvQGHFHQLXODOSDWUXOHDUHOD LLVWUkQVH
vQWUH&DVDGH(FRQRPLLüLFHFXULSRüWDOHGLQ,XJRVODYLDüL%DQFDFRPHUFLDO
URPkQ 84.
ÍQFHSkQGGLQXQFDSLWRODSDUWHDOUHOD LLORUFRPHUFLDOHO-a constituit
OLYU ULOH GH PDWHULL SULPH QHFHVDUH DUPDWHORU FHORU GRX VWDWH 6FKLPEXULOH
XUPDXV ILHHIHFWXDWHFRQIRUPSURWRFROXOXLGLQVHSWHPEULHVHPQDWOD
%XFXUHüWLGHFHLGRLSULP-PLQLüWUL*K7 W U VFXüL06WRMDGLQRYLþ85. Scopul
acestor schimburi era constituirea rezervelor strategice de produse petrolifere
(pentru Iugoslavia) respectiv de cupru (pentru România)86.
În 29- QRLHPEULH üL -4 decembrie 1936 la Belgrad au avut loc
FRQYRUELULWHKQLFHvQWUHFHOHGRX S U LvQYHGHUHDIL[ ULLWHUPHQLORUGHFDOLWDWH
FDQWLWDWH üL SUH üL D FRQGL LLORU GH livrare a cuprului brut. Tratativele au fost
GLILFLOHGLQFDX]DSUH XOXLVF ]XWDOFXSUXOXLFDUHREOLJDJXYHUQXOiugoslavV
OLYUH]H5RPkQLHLRFDQWLWDWHGXEO ID GHSUHYHGHULOHLQL LDOHÍQILQDOV-a ajuns
OD R vQ HOHJHUH SULYLQG OLYUDUHD FXSUXOXL vQ GRX HWDSH GH F WUH X]LQHOH GLQ
Bor87 /D VIkUüLWXO FRQYRUELULORU D IRVW vQFKHLDW XQ SURWRFRO WHKQLF SULYLQG
OLYU ULOH GH EHQ]LQ üL UHVSHFWLY GH FXSUX $FHVW SURWRFRO SUHYHGHD
angajamentul guvernului român de a procura pentru guvernul iugoslav o
cantitaWHGHFLUFDWRQHSURGXVHSHWUROLHUHFHXUPDV ILHOLYUDW vQGRX
WUDQüH SULPD FFD W vQ GHFHPEULH üL LDQXDULH LDU FHD GH-a
doua (cca. 43.000 t) în anul 1937, începând cu luna iulie 1937.
*XYHUQXO LXJRVODY VH DQJDMD V UHPLW 0LQLVWHUXOXL ,QGXVWULHL üL
&RPHU XOXLGLQ5RPkQLDvQFHOWkU]LX]LOHGHODGDWDvQFKHLHULLSURFHVXOXL
YHUEDOGHUHFHS LHERQXULGHWH]DXUHPLVHGH0LQLVWHUXOGH)LQDQ HLXJRVODY
SHQWUXFRQWUDYDORDUHDILHF UHLOLYU ULGHSURGXVHSHWUROLHUH$FHVWHERQXUL
XUPDXV ILHRQRUDWHvQOLUHVWHUOLQHDXUüLH[FHSWDWHGHWRDWHLPSR]LWHOHVDX
RULFHDOWHWD[H3HQWUXDIDFLOLWDILQDQ DUHDERQXULOHGHWH]DXUSXWHDXV ILH
Y UVDWHOD%DQFD1D LRQDO 5RPkQ VDXODDOW LQVWLWX LHILQDQFLDU URPkQ
la alegerea guvernuluL URPkQ ,QVWLWX LLOH ILQDQFLDUH URPkQH F URUD OH
UHYHQHDXERQXULOHGHWH]DXUQXOHSXWHDXYLQGHVDXUHVFRQWDGHFkW% QFLL
245
1D LRQDOH 5RPkQH %RQXULOH GH WH]DXU DIHUHQWH DFHVWRU OLYU UL XUPDX V
SRDUWHVFDGHQ DGLQVHSWHPEULHDILHF UXLDQvQPRGH[FHS ional prima
WUDQü XUPDV DLE VFDGHQ DODQRLHPEULH
$UWLFROXOSUHYHGHDF JXYHUQXOLXJRVODYVHDQJDMDIHUPV SURFXUH
üL V YkQG OD WHUPHQHOH SUHY ]XWH LDU JXYHUQXO URPkQ VH DQJDMD V
FXPSHUH FXSUX HOHFWUROLWLF SHQWUX FRQWUDYDORDUHD WRWDO D OLYU ULORU GH
SURGXVHSHWUROLHUHSUHY ]XWHvQFRQYHQ LH/LYU ULOHGHFXSUXXUPDXV VH
IDF vQWU-R SHULRDG GH üDVH DQL vQ WUDQüH FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH FRQWUDYDORULL
bonurilor de tezaur.
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termen de ]LOH RUGLQXO GH SODW SHQWUX ILHFDUH FDQWLWDWH YDORULILFDW LDU
FRQWXOGHSODW XUPDV ILHGHVFKLVOD%DQFD1D LRQDO D,XJRVODYLHL88.
'LQSDUWHD5RPkQLHLDXIXUQL]DWSURGXVHSHWUROLHUHVRFLHW LOH´$VWUD
5RPkQ µ´6RFLHWDWHD5RPkQR–$PHULFDQ µ´&UHGitul Minier”89.
La 15 mai 1937 guvernul de la Belgrad s-D LQWHUHVDW GH FRQGL LLOH vQ
FDUHVHSXWHDPRGLILFDDFRUGXOH[LVWHQWFX5RPkQLDSHQWUXFDvQDIDU GH
FXSUXSDUWHDLXJRVODY V OLYUH]HüLbombe de aeroplan de circa 12 kg90.
La 1 noiembrie 1937 statul iugoslav, nedispunând de cupru
HOHFWUROLWLFDRIHULWFXSUXQHJUX0LQLVWHUXO$S U ULLGHOD%XFXUHüWLQXDYHD
QHYRLHGHDFHVWDKRW UkQGX-se cedarea lui la R.I.M.M.A. pentru a fi folosit
OD IDEULFDUHD VXOIDWXOXL GH FXSUX QHFHVDU YLWLFXOWXULL üL DJULFXOWurii91. În
DFHVWHFRQGL LLvQFRQWXOERQXULORUGHWH]DXUHPLVHGHJXYHUQXOiugoslav în
FRQWXO 0LQLVWHUXOXL ,QGXVWULHL üL &RPHU XOXL URPkQ SHQWUX OLYU ULOH GH
SHWUROI FXWHJXYHUQXOXLiugoslav, partea iugoslav DYkQGXWFXSUXEUXWvQ
GRX WUDQüHSULPDvQGecembrie 1937 iar cea de-a doua în ianuarie 193892.
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DUDP XUPkQGFDSDUWHDURPkQ V PDLSULPHDVF GHWRQH93.
ÍQ üL RFWRPEULH FHOH GRX S U L DX SXUWDW OD %HOJUDG Qoi
FRQYRUELUL SULYLQG IL[DUHD FDOLW LL FDQWLW LL SUH XOXL üL D FRQGL LLORU GH
livrare a cuprului electrolitic pe care partea iugoslav VH DQJDMDVH V -l
OLYUH]H 5RPkQLHL 1HJRFLHULOH DX IRVW DPLFDOH GHOHJD LL LXJRVODYL
HYLGHQ LLQG F vüL YRU vQGHSOLQL REOLJD LLOH DVXPDWH SULQ 3URWRFROXO WHKQLF
GLQQRLHPEULH5HSUH]HQWDQ LL5RPkQLHLDXRE LQXWüLRFRQFHVLHFD
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SkQ OD*LXUJLXSUHFXPüLDVLJXUDUHDWUDQVSRUWXULORUV ILHSO WLWHGHF WUH
X]LQHOH ´%RUµ FFD GLQDUL SH R SHULRDG GH DQL FRQIRUP
SDUDJUDIHORUüLGLQ3URFHVXOYHUEDO– Acord).
246
$X H[LVWDW vQV vQ FRQWLQXDUH QHPXO XPLUL DOH S U LL URPkQH OHJDWH GH
IXUQL]DUHD FXSUXOXL HOHFWUROLWLF GH F WUH ,XJRVOavia. Într-un memoriu al
0LQLVWHUXOXL,QGXVWULHLüL&RPHU XOXLURPkQVHDU WDF VWDWXOLXJRVODYFRQIRUP
DUW GLQ 3URWRFROXO WHKQLF HUD GDWRU FD vQ WHUPHQ GH ]LOH GH OD UHFHS LD
FDQWLWDWLY DSHWUROXOXLV HPLW vQIDYRDUHDJXYHUQXOXLURPkQERQXULGe tezaur
DVWIHO vQFkW SDUWH URPkQ V SRDW HIHFWXD SO LOH FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH VRFLHW LORU
SHWUROLIHUH URPkQHüWL %RQXULOH IXVHVHU vQV HPLVH FRQIRUP PHPRULXOXL FX R
PDUHvQWkU]LHUHFXSULQV vQWUHüLGH]LOHSHQWUXWUDQVSRUWXOHIHFWXDWOD
decePEULHERQXULOHFRUHVSXQ] WRDUHDMXQVHVHU ODDSULOLH3RWULYLW
DUWLFROXOXLGLQSURWRFROVWDWXOLXJRVODYWUHEXLDV OLYUH]HODQRLHPEULHüL
15 septembrie 1938 cupru electrolitic la valoarea a 2/6 din valoarea petrolului
importat din RRPkQLD8]LQHOH´%25µQXSXWXVHU OLYUDDüDFXPV-DDU WDWPDL
VXV DFHDVW FDWHJRULH GH FXSUX SkQ OD WHUPLQDUHD LQVWDOD LHL GH HOHFWUROL] vQ
RFWRPEULHÍQFRQVHFLQ 5RPkQLHLL-a fost furnizat cupru brut la valoarea a
1/6 din cantitatea de petrol furnizat Iugoslaviei, cupru pe care l-a cedat Regiei
ÍQWUHSULQGHULORU 0LQLHUH üL 0HWDOXUJLFH DOH VWDWXOXL GLQ $UGHDO SHQWUX
SUHSDUDUHD VXOIDWXOXL GH FXSUX 3DUWHD URPkQ DU WD F QLFL FXSUXO EUXW QX
IXVHVHSUHGDWODWHUPHQvQWUHQRLHPEULHüLGHFHPEULHFLHüDORQDWDVWIHO
la 30 noiembrie 1937 – 300 t; la 30 ianuarie 1938 – 400 t iar în septembrie 1938 –
70 t. Cuprul electrolitic fusese predat în cursul anului 1938 astfel: la 27 octombrie
– 400 t; la 14 noiembrie – 200 t; decembrie – 300 t. În acel moment uzinele “Bor”
UHIX]DX V OLYUH]H WRQH SkQ OD DFKLWDUHD GREkQ]LORU GH vQWkU]LHUH SDUWHD
LXJRVODY VROLFLWDDFHVWH GREkQ]LSHQWUX DFKLWDUHD ODXQ WHUPHQFH GHS üLVH
zile a trei transporturi de cupru electrolitic, în timp ce partea român VXV LQHDF
vQWkU]LHUHD GLVSR]L LLORU GH SODW VH GDWRUD IRUPDOLW LORU GH OD 0LQLVWHUXO
ÍQ]HVWU ULL $UPDWHL 6H FHUHD vQ FRQVHFLQ R LQWHUYHQ LH JXYHUQDPHQWDO SH
OkQJ SDUWHDLXJRVODY vQVHQVXOOLYU ULLFDQWLW LLGHFXSUXI U VROLFLWDUHDSO LL
dobânzilor de întârziere94.
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VHSWHPEULHVLWXD LDVHSUH]HQWDDVWIHO95:
Produsul Angajat / tone Predat / tone Restant / tone

%HQ]LQ DYLRQ 15.000 15.118,87 -
%HQ]LQ DXWR 25.000 12.089,606 12.910,394
3 FXU FRPE 9.200 9.420,698 -
0RWRULQ 3.300 2.714,431 585,569
Petrol lampant 350 30 320
Ulei 2.100 842,810 1.257,197
247
/D QRLHPEULH D vQFHSXW SUHGDUHD F WUH ,XJRVODYLD D XOWLPHL

WUDQüH GH SURGXVH SHWUROLHUH SODQLILFDW D VH WHrmina la finele lunii
GHFHPEULHDDFHOXLDüLDQ96.
ÍQ DFHODüL WLPS $GPLQLVWUD LD &)5 DYHD QHYRLH GH WRQH DUDP
QHFHVDUH FRQIHF LRQ ULL VkUPHi pentru trasee telefonice, ca urmare a
VROLFLW ULL 0DUHOXL 6WDW 0DMRU 3UREOHPD D IRVW VROX LRQDW SULQWU-o
vQ HOHJHUHFX0LQLVWHUXOÍQ]HVWU ULL$UPDWHLFDUHL-a cedat cele 500 tone de
cupru dintr-XQWUDQVSRUWGHWRQHFHXUPDV -OSULPHDVF vQSULP YDUD
lui 1940 din Iugoslavia97.
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tone)98. La 30 noiembrie 1939, “Bor” a furnizat vQF GHYDJRDQHGHFXSUX
GDU QX D SULPLW GHFkW XQ DYDQV GLQ VXPD FH WUHEXLD DFKLWDW GH VWDWXO
român99.
La 26 septembrie GXS WUDWDWLYHOH SXUWDWH GH F WUH
UHSUH]HQWDQWXOGLSORPDWLFDO5RPkQLHLOD%HOJUDG9& dere cu o serie de
demnitari iugoslavL PLQLVWUXO GH H[WHUQH PLQLVWUXO LQGXVWULHL üL
FRPHU XOXL PLQLVWUXO PLQHORU üL FHO DO DS U ULL V-a stabilit principial ca
JXYHUQXOLXJRVODYV OLYUH]H5RPkQLHLvQSOXVFFDGHYDJRDQHGHFXSUX
electrolitic, cca. 5000 tone zinc, minereuri de fero-siliciu, fero-crom, fero-
PDQJDQH] PDQJDQH] EUXW üL vQ OLPLWD SRVLELOLW LORU EDULW üL DOXPLQLX
7RDWH DFHVWH PDWHULL SULPH XUPDX V ILH OLYUDWH vQ VFKLPEXO XQHL FDQWLW L
sporite de petrol, de care guvernul iugoslav avea nevoie pentru a-üL VSRUL
UH]HUYHOH 3HQWUX VWDELOLUHD SO LORU XUPD V ILH OXDW FD ED] DFRUGXO
FRQILGHQ LDOH[LVWHQWüLvQFXUVGHH[HFX LHÍQSULYLQ DPLQHUHXULORUGHILHU
QHFHVDUH X]LQHORU 5HüL D FDQWLWDWHD OLYUDW SXWHD IL P ULW OD QHYRLH
MinistUXO GH U ]ERL LXJRVODY D GDW GLVSR]L LL FD WUDQVSRUWXULOH GHVWLQDWH
X]LQHORU GLQ 5HüL D V VH H[HFXWH vQWU-XQ VLVWHP SUHIHUHQ LDO100. Tot în
vederea satisfacerii nevoilor de produse petroliere ale Iugoslaviei, a avut
loc la 4 octombrie 1939 întâlnirea dintre&UHW]LDQXüL'X LþvQFDGUXOF UHLD
s-DVWDELOLWvQSULQFLSLXFD5RPkQLDV OLYUH]HFFDWRQHGHSURGXVH
SHWUROLHUH'HRDUHFHYHFKLXODFRUGQXDIXQF LRQDWVDWLVI F WRU&UHW]LDQXD
SURSXV vQFHSHUHD GH QRL QHJRFLHUL HFRQRPLFH vQWUH FHOH GRX S U i în cel
PDLVFXUWWLPSSRVLELOOD%XFXUHüWL101.
/DVHSWHPEULHvQWUHFHOHGRX S U LV-DvQFKHLDWüLXQSURFHV
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FDOFXODW GXS FRWD LD DIHUHQW GH OD EXUVD GLQ 1HZ <RUN vQ ]LXD VHPQ ULL
SURFHVXOXL YHUEDO GH UHFHS LH 7UDQVSRUWXO FXSUXOXL üL DVLJXUDUHD DFHVWXLD
248
GHODPLQHOHGLQ%RUSkQ OD*LXUJLXXUPDXV ILHSO WLWHGH0LQHOH´%RUµ

(cca. 400.000 dinari). În 1938, cheltuielile de transport s-DX vPS U LW HJDO
între minele BRUüLVWDWXOURPkQ102.
$XWRULW LOH URPkQH DX VHPQDODW OD RFWRPEULH F SDUWHD
iugoslav QXvQFHSXVHOLYUDUHDFXSUXOXLFRQIRUPSURFHVXOXLYHUEDOvQFKHLDW
OD VHSWHPEULH OD %HOJUDG GHüL 5RPkQLD vüL vQGHSOLQLVH WRDWH
angajamentele cu privire la OLYUDUHDFDQWLW LLFRUHVSXQ] WRDUHGHEHQ]LQ üL
FXSULYLUHODSO L103.
/D GHFHPEULH vQWUH FHOH GRX S U L D IRVW vQFKHLDW XQ
DUDQMDPHQW VSHFLDO FRQILGHQ LDO SULQ FDUH JXYHUQXO URPkQ VH REOLJD V
IXUQL]H]H ,XJRVODYLHL W EHQ]LQ RFWDQLF vQ VFKLPEXO F UHLD
%HOJUDGXOXUPDV OLYUH]HFFDWFXSUXHOHFWUROLWLF104.
În 1940, un aide-memoire a fost transmis prin intermediul ambasadei
române factorilor de decizie iugoslavi, prin care se solicita livrarea a 4
vagoane de cupru electrolitic, resWDQ GLQWUDQüDDWUHLDFRQIRUPDFRUGXOXL
7 W U VFX–6WRMDGLQRYLþFXWHUPHQGHOLYUDUHQRLHPEULH– decembrie 1939,
DF UHLFRQWUDYDORDUHVHJ VHDGHSXV OD%DQFD1D LRQDO D,XJRVODYLHLüLD
215 vagoane cupru electrolitic conform angajamentului din 18 decembrie
FDUH XUPDX V IL UHSDUWL]DWH DVWIHO GH YDJRDQH SHQWUX &)5
YDJRDQH SHQWUX 0LQLVWHUXO ÍQ]HVWU ULL $UPDWHL GH YDJRDQH FRW
VXSOLPHQWDU FRQIRUP GLVFX LLORU SXUWDWH OD %XFXUHüWL vQ DSULOLH
3DUWHD URPkQ PDL VROLFLWD LPSRUWXO în contingent anual de 12 vagoane
QHJUXGHIXPDXQRUFDQWLW LIL[HGHWF UEXQLGHSLDWU üLW
EULFKHWHSUHFXPüLDXQHLFDQWLW LIL[HGHOHPQHGHIRF105.
La 20 mai 1940DPEDVDGRUXOURPkQOD%HOJUDG9& GHUHvQFDGUXO
întrevederii avuWH FX PLQLVWUXO LQGXVWULHL üL FRPHU XOXL üL FX PLQLVWUXO
DGMXQFWGHH[WHUQHDDWUDVDWHQ LDDVXSUDWHUJLYHUV ULLDSOLF ULLvQ HOHJHULORU
HFRQRPLFHGHF WUHSDUWHDLXJRVODY DU WkQGF JXYHUQXOURPkQQXSXWHD
continua furnizarea benzinei în schimbul doar a unor promisiuni.
'LSORPDWXO URPkQ D RE LQXW FX DFHVW SULOHM R SURPLVLXQH IHUP D
SDUWHQHULORUGHGLVFX LHSULYLQGOLYUDUHDPLQHUHXOXLGHILHUGDUFXFRQGL LDGH
a reda Iugoslaviei 10% în fier brut !106.
La 10 iunie 1940 România mai avea de primit cca. 400 t cupru
HOHFWUROLWLF UHVWDQWH /D XOWLPD vQWUHYHGHUH D ÍQ HOHJHULL %DOFDQLFH SDUWHD
LXJRVODY DSURPLVF VHYDDFKLWDGHDFHDVW GDWRULH107.
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249
XUJHQW GHPHUVXULOH QHFHVDUH SH OkQJ JXYHUQXO LXJRVODY SHQWUX OLYUDUHD

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QHJRFLHULORUvQYHGHUHDP ULULLFRQWLQJHQWXOXLGHFXSUXüLSHQWUXOLYUDUHDD
8.000 t cupru electrolitic108.
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Metale a autorizat exportul a 450 t de cupru electrolitic, din care 250 t pe
loc, restul urmând s ILHOLYUDWODDXJXVW7RWRGDW DIRVWDSUREDWH[SRUWXO
F WUH 5RPkQLD D W IHUR-FXSUX üL PD[LPXP SRVLELO GLQ GLVSRQLELOLW LOH
de fero-PDQJDQ GLQ FDUH YDJRDQH LPHGLDW 5HVWXO XUPD V ILH OLYUDW
WUHSWDWGXS SRVLELOLW LOHGHSUHOXFUDUHVHFWRUXO respectiv nedispunând în
acel moment de cocsul necesar109.
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contravalorii a 16.963 kg de cupru electrolitic110.
La 19 iulie 1940 aIRVWRE LQXW FDQWLWDWHDGHWFXSUXHOHFWUROLWLFOD
SUH XOGHGRODULWRQ 111.
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VFKLPEXO XQHL FDQWLW L HJDOH GH EHQ]LQ FX FLIUD RFWDQLF GH 2 SULP
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%DQFD1D LRQDO D,XJRVODYLHLLDUUHVWXOGHWXUPDXV ILHUHFHS LRQDWH
concomitent cu prima livrare112.
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,XJRVODYLD vQ VSHFLDO ]LQF üL DUDP DXWRULW LOH GH OD %XFXUHüWL
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pULPH $WDüDWXO FRPHUFLDO URPkQ OD %HOJUDG DU WD F GXS Anschluss,
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Fixarea frontierei de stat între Regatul iugoslavo-croato-VORYHQüLFHO

al României114 D ULGLFDW R VHDP GH SUREOHPH GH QDWXU HFRQRPLF FH
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teritoriul Regatului iugoslavo-croato-sloven115.
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QRLHPEULH D IRVW VHPQDW OD %HOJUDG XQ SURWRFRO SULQ FDUH FHOH GRX
VWDWHVHREOLJDXV UHVSHFWHGUHSWXOGHSURSUietate asupra teritoriilor pe care
VXSXüLLXQXLVWDWOHGH LQHDXvQVWDWXOYHFLQ116.
$XUPDWDSRLvQFKHLHUHDFRQYHQ LHLVSHFLDOHGLQLXOLHSULQFDUH
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proprietarilor din statul vecin, FDUH SURSULHWDWH DU IL PDL PLF GH LXJ UH
S üXQHüLV QXILHPDLGHSDUWHGHNPGHIURQWLHU 117.
&XSULOHMXOFRQIHULQ HL0LFLLÍQ HOHJHULGHOD%XFXUHüWL-11 mai 1925)
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S PkQWXULORU DSDU LQkQG ORFXLWRULORU GLQ 7HUHPLD 0DUH üL 7HUHPLD 0LF
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PLF GHNPGHSXQFWXOGHIURQWLHU IXVHVHU FHGDWHGHVWDWXOiugoslavo-
croato-VORYHQ YROXQWDULORU GH U ]ERL vQ WLPS FH SURSULHWDULL ORU SO WHDX
251
impozitele. Se mai solicita delimitarea frontierei în urma schimbului

SURSULHW LL3XVWD5DURüFRQWUDFRPXQHL&RQVWDQ LD
0LQLVWUXO GH H[WHUQH DO 5RPkQLHL D ULGLFDW üL SUREOHPD VHFKHVWU ULL
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Apel din Novi Sad.
ûHIXO GLSORPD LHL 5HJDWXOXL iugoslavo-croato-sloven a promis
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un spirit amical118.
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organele competente ale statului român. Punctele de trecere ale frontierei
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Milioane Media Milioane Media Milioane Media
lei koroane. dinari
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1933).
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274
NOTE
1 I. Saizu, Al. Tocu, (XURSDHFRQRPLF LQWHUEHOLF ,DüL,QVWLWXWXO(XURSHDQ 87-88.

2 M. Milin, 5HOD LLOH SROLWLFH URPkQR-iugoslavH vQ HSRFD PRGHUQ %XFXUHüWL (G $FDGHPLHL
Române, 1992, 206.
3 Dan Gh. Perianu, ,VWRULDX]LQHORUGLQ5HüL D-19965HüL D(G7LPSXOp. 168; vezi
vQDFHVWVHQVüL$UKLYD*HQHUDO IRQG3UHüHGLQ LD&RQVLOLXOXLGH0LQLüWUL, d. 88/1920, f. 6.

4 'LUHF LD JHQHUDO D DUKLYHORU VWDWXOXL IRQG 0LQLVWHUXO ,QGXVWULHL üL &RPHU XOXL 'LUHF LD
exportului, d. 10/1920, f. 1, 11.

5 Ibidem, f. 1, 19.
6 Ibidem, f. 12.
7 Ibidem, f. 31, 44.
8 Dan Gh. Perianu, op.cit., p. 87.
9 Ibidem, p. 196.
10$UKLYD*HQHUDO IRQG3UHüHGLQ LD&RQVLOLXOXLGH0LQLüWUL, d. 88/1920, f. 7-8.
12 Ibidem, f. 87.
13 Ibidem, f. 181.
14 M. Vanku, 0LFDÍQ HOHJHUHüLSROLWLFDH[WHUQ D,XJRVODYLHL, p. 136.
15 Buletinul Statistic al României, nr. 2, aprilie-iunie 1934, p. 123.
17 I. Saizu, Al. Tocu, op.cit., p. 172.
18 'LUHF LD JHQHUDO D DUKLYHORU VWDWXOXL IRQG 0LQLVWHUXO ,QGXVWULHL üL &RPHU XOXL 6HUYLFLXO
UHOD LLFRPHUFLDOH, d. 5/1929, f. 4.

19 Ibidem, f. 6.

23 Ibidem, d. 17/1932, f. 118.
24 Monitorul Oficial, 4 septembrie 1930, p. 7437-7438.
25 Ibidem, p. 7439.
26 M. Vanku, op.cit., p. 67.
27'LUHF LDJHQHUDO DDUKLYHORUVWDWXOXLIRQG&DVD5HJDO , d. 31/1930, f. 1-2.
29 %XOHWLQXO8QLXQLL&DPHUHORUGH&RPHU üL,QGXVWULH, aprilie-mai 1932, p. 375-376.
30 Arhiva Ministerului Afacerilor Externe, fond 0LFDÍQ HJHUH, vol. 9, f. 121.
31 Ibidem, f. 239- &RQIRUP LQIRUPD LHL DS UXWH vQ 9RLQ D %DQDWXOXL, din 19 martie 1933,
GXS RSDX] GHOXQL,XJRVODYLDDUHGHVFKLVWUDQ]LWXOYLWHORUURPkQHüWLVSUH,WDOLDILLQG

QHFHVDU vQVFRSRDXWRUL]D LHHPLV GH0LQLVWHUXO'RPHQLLORUGHOD%HOJUDG
33 Buletinul Statistic al României, nr. 2, aprilie-iunie 1934, p. 114.
275
34 Ibidem, p. 119.
35 Ibidem, p. 123.

37 Buletinul Uniunii CameUHORUGH&RPHU üL,QGXVWULH, nr. 1-2, ianuarie-februarie 1932, p. 45.
,QIRUPD LLüLSXEOLFD LL, d. 12/1933, f. 10.

39 Ibidem, f. 207-208.
40 Ibidem, d. 3/1928, f. 256.
41 Ibidem, d. 12/1933, f. 33, 120.

43 Idem, 6HUYLFLXOLQIRUPD LLüLSXEOLFD LL, d. 12/1933, f. 230.
44 Ibidem, f. 8.
45 Ibidem, f. 5.
47 'LUHF LD JHQHUDO D DUKLYHORU VWDWXOXL IRQG 0LQLVWHUXO ,QGXVWULHL üL &RPHU XOXL 6HUYLFLXO UHOD LL
comerciale, d. 12/1933, f. 41-9H]LvQDFHVWVHQVüLMoniteur du petrole roumain, nr. 13, 1933.

49 Ibidem, vol. 2, f. 19-20.
50 Ibidem, f. 148.
51 Buletinul Statistic al României, nr. 5-6, mai-iunie, 1939.
53 Ibidem, f. 151.
54 Ibidem, f. 271-273.
55 Ibidem, f.273.
DWDüD LFRPHUFLDOL, d. 13/1935, f. 49.

DWDüD LFRPHUFLDOL, d. 13/1935, f. 100-101.

60 Ibidem, f. 40-41.
61 Ibidem, d. 9/1937, f. 12.
62 Ibidem, d. 13/1935, f. 87, 96, 103, 112.
63 Ibidem, f. 102.
64 Ibidem, d. 11/1936, f. 11.
65 Ibidem, f. 67.
68 Monitorul Oficial, 9 aprilie 1937, p. 3673-3674.
70 Monitorul Oficial, 1 iulie 1937, p. 5938-5944.
71 Ibidem, p. 5945-5954.
276
73 Ibidem, f. 20.
74'LUHF LDJHQHUDO DDUKLYHORUVWDWXOXLIRQG&DVD5HJDO , d. 146/1938, f. 5-10.
75 'LUHF LD JHQHUDO D DUKLYHORU VWDWXlui, fond 0LQLVWHUXO ,QGXVWULHL üL &RPHU XOXL 6HUYLFLXO

76 Ibidem, f. 24-25.
personal, administrativ, secretariat, d. 9/1937, f. 12-13.

78 Ibidem, f. 28.
80 Ibidem, f. 169.
81 Ibidem, vol. 52, f. 285, 287.
84 DirHF LD JHQHUDO D DUKLYHORU VWDWXOXL IRQG 0LQLVWHUXO ,QGXVWULHL üL &RPHU XOXL 6HUYLFLXO

85 Idem, fond 'LUHF LDJHQHUDO DPLQHORU, d. 3/1937, f. 12.
86 Ibidem, d. 200/1938, f. 12.
87 Ibidem, d. 144/1936, f. 15-16.
88 Ibidem, f. 1.
89 Ibidem, d. 200/1938, f. 6.
JHQHUDO DPLQHORU, d. 200/1938, f. 52.

92 Ibidem, 6HUYLFLXODWDüD LFRPHUFLDOL, d. 7/1937, f. 146.
93 Ibidem, 'LUHF LDJHQHUDO DPLQHORU, d. 144/1936, f. 44.
94 Ibidem, f. 57.
95 Ibidem, d. 178/1938, f. 58.
96 Ibidem, d. 144/1936, f. 75.
97 Ibidem, f. 161, 187.
98 Ibidem, f. 144.
99 Ibidem, f. 188.
101 Ibidem, f. 144.


105 Ibidem, f. 195-196.
277
108 Ibidem, f. 203.

109 Arhiva Ministerului Afacerilor Externe, fond 71, Iugoslavia, vol. 13.

111 Ibidem, f. 228.
112 Ibidem, f. 223.
1131'DVF OX&RQWULEX LD5RPkQLHLODHGLILFDUHDVWUXFWXULORUHFRQRPLFHDOH$QWDQWei Balcanice, în
5HYLVWD,VWRULF , nr. 3-4, 1995, p. 338.

114 7UDWDWHOHLQWHUQD LRQDOHDOH5RPkQLHL-1920%XFXUHüWL(GûWLLQ LILF üL(QFLFORSHGLF S
448-449.
115 Arhiva MAE, fond 71 Jugoslavia, vol. 68, f. 328.
117 Ibidem, f.140.
118 Ibidem, vol.6, f. 197.
119 Ibidem, vol.7, f. 140; 159.
120'LUHF LDJHQHUDO 7LPLüD$UKLYHORU1D LRQDOHIRQG3UHIHFWXUD7LPLü-Torontal, d. 93/1926, f.
7-8.
121 Vezi în acest sens Arhiva MAE, fond 71 Jugoslavia YRO I üL fonduO 0LFD ÍQ HOHJHUH,
vol.8, f. 181-182.
122$UKLYHOH1D LRQDOH%XFXUHüWLIRQG&DVD5HJDO , d. 171/1932, f. 2-3.
123 Arhiva MAE, IRQG0LFDÍQ HOHJHUH, vol. 9, f. 239.
124 Ibidem, f. 268.
125 Ibidem, f. 303.
126 Monitorul Oficial, 25 septembrie 1937.
127 $UKLYHOH 1D LRQDOH %XFXUHüWL IRQGXO 0LQLVWHUXO ,QGXVWULHL üL &RPHU XOXL 6HUYLFLXO DWDüD L
comerciali, d. 7/1937, f. 59.

128/DGHOLPLWDUHDIURQWLHUHLGLQWUHFHOHGRX VWDWHGHFRPXQHDSDU LQkQGFRPXQLW LLGH
avere a acestui Regiment au fost cuprinse în cadrul statului român.

129 5HYLVWD,QVWLWXWXOXL6RFLDO%DQDW&ULüDQD, ian-april. 1941, p. 124.
130 Monitorul Oficial, nr. 220, 25 septembrie 1933.
1315HYLVWD,QVWLWXWXOXL6RFLDO%DQDW&ULüDQDLDQ-april. 1941, p. 124-125.
132 Ibidem, p. 125.
133 Ibidem, p. 126.
134 Ibidem, p. 127.
135 Arhiva MAE, fond 71 Iugoslavia, vol.49, f. 97.
136 Ibidem, f. 98.
137 Idem, IRQG0LFDÍQ HOHJHUH, vol.31, f. 238.
138 Idem, fond 71 Iugoslavia, f. 97-98.
139 Ibidem.
140 Idem, IRQG0LFDÍQ HOHJHUH, vol.31, f. 238.
141 Ibidem.
143 Ibidem, vol. 31, f. 238.
144 Ibidem, vol. 7, f. 207.
278
145 Ibidem, vol. 31, f. 238.

146 Ibidem, vol. 9, f. 121.
147 Idem, vol. 31, f. 209.
148 Ibidem, f. 209.
149 Idem, fond 71 Iugoslavia, vol.1, f. 282.
150 M. Vanku, 0LFDÍQ HOHJHUHüLSROLWLFDH[WHUQ D,ugoslaviei, p. 64
151 Eliza Campus, 0LFDÍQ HOHJHUH%XFXUHüWL(GLWXUDûWLLQ LILF S 77
152 M. Vanku, op.cit., p. 65
153 I. Saizu, Al. Tacu, (XURSDHFRQRPLF LQWHUEHOLF ,DüL,QVWLWXWXO(XURSHDQS 172-173
154 Ilie Puia, 5HOD LLOHHFRQRPLFHDOH5RPkQLHLFX0LFDÍQ HOHJHUH, în Revista de Istorie, tom 31, nr.
7, iulie 1978, p. 1146

155 Arhiva MAE, fond 0LFDÍQ HOHJHUH, vol.7, f. 200-201.
156 Eliza Campus, op.cit., p. 96.
157 Nicolae Titulescu, Documente diplomatice, p.409. Potrivit proiectului, statele danubiene
HUDX LQYLWDWH V DMXQJ FkW PDL UHSHGH SULQ QHJRFLHUL GLUHFWH OD DFRUGXUL HFRQRPLFH
WDULIDUHFRQIRUPSXQFWXOXLXQXFXREOLJD LDGHD LQHODFXUHQWPDULOHSXWHULFXHYROX LD
acestor negocieri FDUHFUHGF GHVIDWXOORUSRWV DLE QHYRLH.
158 Ibidem, p. 405-406
159 Ibidem, p. 419-421
160 Ibidem, p. 426-427
161 Eliza Campus, ,GHHDIHGHUDO vQSHULRDGDLQWHUEHOLF %XFXUHüWL(GLWXUD$FDGHPLHL5RPkQH
1993, p. 97.
162 Arhiva MAE, fond0LFDÍQ HOHJHUH, vol. 9, f. 269.
163 N. Titulescu, op.cit., p. 475
164 D. Saizu, Al. Tocu, op.cit., p. 174-175
165 Ibidem, p.175
166 Arhiva MAE, fond 71 Iugoslavia, vol. I, f. 393, 413.
167 Milan Vanku, op.cit., p. 94
168 I. Saizu, Al. Tocu, op.cit., p. 177.
169 M. Vanku, op.cit., p.137.
170 I. Saizu, Al. Tocu, op.cit., p. 177-192
171 I. Puia, RHOD LHLHFRQRPLFHDOH5RPkQLHLFX0LFDÍQ HOHJHUH, în Revista de Istorie, Tom 31, nr. 7,
iulie 1978, p. 1152

172$UKLYHOH1D LRQDOHIRQG0LQLVWHUXO,QGXVWULHLüL&RPHU XOXL6HUYLFLXOFRQYHQ LLORUFRPHUFLDOH,
d. 13/1931-1935, f. 6
173 M. Vanku, op.cit., p.72
174 Eliza Campus, op.cit., p. 151-152
175 M. Vanku, op.cit., p. 139
176 Eliza Campus, ,GHHD IHGHUDO vQ SHULRDGD LQWHUEHOLF , p. 111. IGHHD FRODERU ULL EDOFDQLFH D
vQFHSXWV SULQG FRQWXUvQYH]LvQDFHVWVHQV5HYLVWDLVWRULF , nr.1-2, 1995, p. 44

177 I. Saizu, Al Tacu, op.cit., p. 193.
178 1 'DVF OX &RQWULEX LD 5RPkQLHL OD HGLILFDUHD VWUXFWXULL HFRQRPLFH DOH $QWDQWHL Balcanice, în
5HYLVWD,VWRULF , nr. 1-2, 1995, p. 48-49.

179 Ibidem, p. 50.
279
180 Ibidem, p. 51-53.

181 Ibidem, p. 53-55.
182 Ibidem, p. 57.
183 Ibidem, p. 57-58.
184 Idem, în 5HYLVWD,VWRULF , nr. 3-4, 1995, p. 329-331.
185 Ibidem, p. 331-332.
186 Ibidem, p. 334-335.
187 Ibidem, p. 341.
188 Ibidem, p. 338.
189 Ibidem, p. 329-331.
190 'HVSUH DFWLYLWDWHD DFHVWRU E QFL YH]L 90 ,RDFKLP % QFLOH GH HPLVLXQH üL FRODERUare
HFRQRPLF vQ%DOFDQL, în $QDOHOHHFRQRPLFHüLVWDWLVWLFH, XVIII, 1935, nr. 7-9, p. 218-228.

1911'DVF OXvQ5HYLVWD,VWRULF , nr. 3-4, 1995, p. 336.
192 Ibidem, p. 337.
193 Ibidem, p. 339-340.
194 M. Vanku, op.cit, p. 67-68.
280
Concluzii
CONCLUZII
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iugoslave au intrat într -RHWDS QRX GDWRULW PRGLILF ULORUJHR-politice
care s-DX SURGXV vQ (XURSD vQ JHQHUDO üL vQ VXG-estul continentului în
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diplomatice bilaterale (întâlnirea dintre premierul român cu regentul
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SXV vQGLVFX LHOD&RQIHULQ D3 FLLGHOD3DULV&HOHGRX S U LDXDGXVR
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ale fostei monarhii austro-XQJDUH 'LSORPD LD URPkQ D vQFHUFDW V
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salutat tratatul italo-iugoslav din 1924, considerându-l ca fiind un prim pas
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demersurile efectuate la Berlin s-au concretizat prin intensificarea
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pentru aceasta: asasinarea regelui Alexandru I la Marsilia. Nicolae
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DQXO D VO ELW DOLDQ D GLSORPDWLF URPkQR-LXJRVODY . Primele disensiuni
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grav intersele economice iugoslave, iar cel de-DOGRLOHDGHQDWXU SROLWLF
factorii de decizie de la Belgrad considerkQG F LQYD]LD vQ (WLRSLD D
vQGHS UWDWSHULFROXOLWDOLDQGHFRDVWDGDOPDW
284
Concluzii
'LSORPD LDLXJRVODY V-a împotrivit de asemenea propunerii privind

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stabilitatea pe continent.
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diferite, Stojadinovic respingând orice încercare de condamnare a
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SRDWH YRUEL GH PHQ LQHUHD vQ YLJRDUH D KRW UkULL GLQ LXQLH potrivit
F UHLDPLQLüWULLGHH[WHUQHDLVWDWHORU0LFLLÍQ HOHJHULSXWHDXV vQFUHGLQ H]H
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REOLJD LLOH SH FDUH OH DYHD ID GH 5RPkQLD vQ FD]XO vQ FDUH LQGHSHQGHQ D
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guvernXO LXJRVODY D DFRUGDW R WRW PDL PLF LPSRUWDQ 6RFLHW LL
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F WUH ,WDOLD )UDQ D $QJOLD üL ,XJRVODYLD 'HVI üXUDUHD XOWHULRDU D
evenimentelor a demonstrat nerealismul acestei gândiri diplomatice.
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QHXWULORUQXDIRVWSULPLW FXprea mult entuziasm la Belgrad.
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România nu a primit nici un sprijin din partea Iugoslaviei în
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Desigur Belgradul a urm ULW vQFHSkQG FX DQXO V SURPRYH]H R
SROLWLF GH HFKLOLEUX SULQ PHQ LQHUHD XQRU UHOD LL GLSORPDWLFH QRUPDOH FX
*HUPDQLDüL,WDOLDSHGHRSDUWHüLFX)UDQ DüL$QJOLDSHGHDOW SDUWHÍQ
286
Concluzii
momentul izbucnirii celui de-DOGRLOHDU ]ERLPRQGLDOJXYHUQXOLXJRVODYD

SURPRYDWRSROLWLF FDUHXUP UHDPHQ LQHUHDQHXWUDOLW LLFXRULFHSUH ÍQ
RSLQLD %HOJUDGXOXL DFHDVW RULHQWDUH HUD VLQJXUD FDUH SXWHD DVLJXUD
LQWHJULWDWHDWHULWRULDO DVWDWXOXLLXJRVODY$ILUPD LDORUS UHDFRUHFW vQID D
evenimentelor care s-DX SHWUHFXW vQ DFHL DQL üL FDUH DX GXV OD SU EXüLUHD
VLVWHPXOXL GH DOLDQ H I XULW WRFPDL SHQWUX PHQ LQHUHD S FLL SH FRQWLQHQW
Din acest punct de vedere oamenii politici iugoslavi care au promovat
DFHDVW SROLWLF H[WHUQ QXSRWILFRQGDPQD L
România, începand din 1936, a îQFHUFDW V -üL QRUPDOL]H]H UHOD LLOH FX
*HUPDQLD 3H P VXU FH VLWXD LD LQWHUQD LRQDO V-D DJUDYDW %XFXUHütiul a
devHQLW WRW PDL UH]HUYDW vQ SULYLQ D SDUWLFLS rii la proiectele de realizare a
XQRU DOLDQ H FDUH V vmpiedice oprirea expansiunii germane (de teama unei
UHDF ii negDWLYHGLQSDUWHDOXL+LWOHUF XWDQGFRQFRPLWHQWV RE LQ JDUDQ ii
teritoriale din partea BerOLQXOXL2GDW cu izbucnirea celui de-DOGRLOHDU zboi
mondial RomâQLDDDOHVFDOHDQHXWUDOLW LLvQWUHFHOHGRX WDEHUHEHOLJHUDQWH
VIkUüLQGvQFRQGL LLOHvQIUkQJHULL)UDQ HLvQPkinile Axei.
Nedorind s VH PDL vQFDGUH]H VWULFW vQ VLVWHPXO GH DOLDQ H GLQ FDUH
I FHDSDUWH,XJRVODYLDDFRQWULEXLWODVO ELUHDüLFKLDUODSU EXüLUHDDFHVWHLD
&UHGHP F DFHDVW VLWXD LH SXWHD IL HYLWDW GDF GLSORPD LD URPkQ DU IL
intervenit ferm în momentul în care BelgradXODvQF OFDWSHnWUXSULPDGDW
REOLJD LLOH SUHY ]XWH vQ WUDWDWH FkQG JXYHUQXO LXJRVODY D vQFKHLDW
DFRUGXUL FX %XOJDULD üL ,WDOLD 1HDGRSWDUHD XQHL DVWIHO GH DWLWXGLQL D
FRQWULEXLWODHüHFXODOLDQ HLGLQWUHFHOHGRX VWDWH
5HOD LLOH SH SODQ PLOLWDU româno-iugoslave au fost întemeiate pe
SUHYHGHULOH WUDWDWXOXL PLOLWDU GLQ SUHFXP üL D DFRUGXULORU UHDOL]DWH vQ
FDGUXO0LFLLÍQ HOHJHULüLDÍQ HOHJHULL%DOFDQLFHÍQSHULRDGDLQWHUEHOLF DXIRVW
UHDOL]DWHPDLPXOWHDF LXQLGHFRODERUDUHPLOLWDU LDr în ultimii ani de pace cele
GRX JXYHUQHüL-DXDFRUGDWvQOHVQLULUHFLSURFHvQYHGHUHDvQ]HVWU ULLFHORUGRX
DUPDWHFXWHKQLFDGHOXSW GHFDUHDFHVWHDDYHDXQHYRLH
'HVLJXU QRXD SROLWLF GH OD %HOJUDG GH GXS D vPSLHGLFDW
UHDOL]DUHDXQHLFRODERU ULPLOLWDUHPDLHILFLHQWHvQWUHFHOHGRX VWDWH
/D VIkUüLWXO GHFHQLXOXL SDWUX DXWRULW LOH LXJRVODYH FRPSHWHQWH DX
SURSXV UHDOL]DUHD XQXL DFRUG GH FRODERUDUH vQWUH FHOH GRX PLQLVWHUH GH
interne. Au avut loc contacte în acest sens, realizându-VHFKLDUüLRSHUD LXQL
FRPXQHvQYHGHUHDDQLKLO ULLXQRUDF LXQLOHJLRQDUHFDUHSXQHDXvQSHULFRO
VLJXUDQ D QD LRQDO D 5RPkQLHL ,]EXFQLUHD FHOXL GH-DO GRLOHD U ]ERL
PRQGLDODvPSLHGLFDWRFRODERUDUHPDLEXQ vQDFHVWGRPHQLX
287
/HJ WXULOH FXOWXUDOH GLQWUH 5RPkQLD üi Iugoslavia s-au manifestat în

SHULRDGDLQWHUEHOLF SHPDLPXOWHSODQXUL
&HOH GRX üFROL LVWRULRJUDILFH DX FRQWLQXDW R WUDGL LH H[LVWHQW vQ
HSRFD PRGHUQ ,QWHUIHUHQ HOH LVWRULFH URPkQR-iugoslave au fost analizate
GHF WUHLVWRULFLGHPDUF GLQFHOHGRX VWDWHFD -RYDQ5RGRQLþ$OHNVD,YLþ
1LFRODH ,RUJD *K %U WLDQX HWF ÍQ DFHODüL WLPS LVWRULFL LXJRVODYL DX IRVW
LQYLWD L vQ 5RPkQLD V LQ FRQIHULQ H LDU LVWRULFL URPkQL V-au aflat în
,XJRVODYLD,RYD5RQLþ333DQDLWHVFX1,RUJD
În domeniul lingvistic avem de-D IDFH FX SUHRFXS UL FRPXQH SULYLQG
HYROX LDOLQJYLVWLF DFHORUGRX SRSRDUHSUHFXPüL FRQWULEX LDOLPELLiugoslave
ODSO VPXLUHD VXEVWUDWXOXLVODYGLQFDGUXOOLPELLURPkQH/LQJYLüWLGHSUHVWLJLX
GLQ DPEHOH UL 3 3DSDKDJL *K 1DQGULü 1 'U JDQ 6 3XüFDULX 3 6NRN
6WDQRMHYLþHWFV-DXDSOHFDWDVXSUDVWXGLHULLDFHVWHLSUREOHPHDQDOL]DOXFU ULORU
ORUGRYHGLQGREXQ FXQRDüWHUHUHFLSURF DSUHRFXS ULORUvQDFHVWVHQV
Au fost realizate traduceri ale unor opere din ambele literaturi,
SUHFXP üL VWXGLL WHRUHWLFH SULYLQG OLWHUDWXUD LXJRVODY ÍQ DFHODüL WLPS DX
DS UXW F U L GH UHSRUWDMH GHVSUH ,XJRVODYLD UHPDUFkQGX-se în special
lucrarea lui Nicolae Iorga ÍQ 6HUELD GH GXS U ]ERL vQ FDUH HVWH UHDOL]DW R
H[FHOHQW SUH]HQWDUH LVWRULF IROFORULF PHQWDO D SURYLQFLLORU 5HJDWXOXL
Sârbo-Croato-Sloven.
3UHRFXS ULDXH[LVWDWüLvQGRPHQLXOIROFORULFVSHFLDOLüWLGLQFHOHGRX
VWDWH VWXGLLQG HOHPHQWHOH FRPXQH DOH RELFHLXULORU üL GDWLQLORU FHORU GRX
SRSRDUHÍQWkOQLPOXFU ULSULYLQGWUDGL LLOHURPkQLORUFHORFXLDXvQGLYHUVH
zone ale Iugoslaviei.
3HULRDGD LQWHUEHOLF V-a remarcat prin numeroase turnee ale unor
prestigioase coruri iugoslave în România, care la rândul lor au invitat
forPD LLüLFRUXULLXJRVODYHV VXV LQ FRQFHUWHvQ,XJRVODYLD
Mass-PHGLDGLQDPEHOHVWDWHDFRQWULEXLWODRFXQRDüWHUHPDLEXQ D
FHORU GRX SRSRDUH (YHQLPHQWHOH PDL LPSRUWDQWH GLQ LVWRULD FHORU GRX
VWDWHDXIRVWVFRDVHvQHYLGHQ GHF WUHSRVWXULOHGHUDGLRüLGHSULQFLSDOHOH
]LDUHüLUHYLVWHGLQFHOHGRX UL
ÍQGHFHQLXOSDWUXQHFHVLWDWHDLQWHQVLILF ULLUHOD LLORUFXOWXUDOHURPkQR-
LXJRVODYH D FRQVWLWXLW R SUHRFXSDUH PDMRU D RDPHQLORU GH FXOWXU GLQ
,XJRVODYLD vQ VSHFLDO $FHüWLD DX FRQVLGHUDW F vQWUH FHOH GRX UL YHFLQH
FRQWDFWHOHFXOWXUDOHHUDXH[WUHPGHUHGXVHÍQDFHVWFRQWH[WDDS UXWLGHHD
vQILLQ ULL XQRU DVRFLD LL FXOWXUDOH URPkQR-iugoslave. Un prim rezultat l-a
FRQVWLWXLW´$VRFLD LDXQLYHUVLWDU URPkQR-LXJRVODY µXUPDW GH´$VRFLD LD
288
Concluzii
iugoslavo-URPkQ µ FDUH D GHVI üXUDW R SURSDJDQG HILFLHQW SHQWUX

FXQRDüWHUHD 5RPkQLHL vQ ,XJRVODYLD 'LQ S FDWHDXWRULW LOH URPkQH nu au
IRVW SUHD UHFHSWLYH OD DFHVWH YDORURDVH SURSXQHUL DOH RDPHQLORU GH FXOWXU
din Iugoslavia.
6SUH VIkUüLWXO GHFHQLXOXL al patrulea au fost depuse eforturi pentru
LQWHQVLILFDUHDOHJ WXULORUGLQWUHVWXGHQ LLURPkQLüLLXJRVODYLFDUHvQPDUH
SDUWH DX IRVW VSRUDGLFH vQ SHULRDGD LQWHUEHOLF 6H SURSXQHD vQ DFHVW VHQV
SUHJ WLUHDPLQX LRDV DXQRUH[FXUVLLUHFLSURFHSUHFXPüLR colaborare la
nLYHO GH DVRFLD LL VWXGHQ HüWL VH PDL XUP UHD DFHODüL OXFUX üL OD QLYHOXO
RUJDQL]D LLORU GH WLQHUHW H[LVWHQWH vQ FHOH GRX VWDWH 'HVLJXU VLWXD LD
LQWHUQD LRQDO DSRLU ]ERLXODXvPSLHGLFDWWRDWHDFHVWHSURLHFWHFXOWXUDOH
În perioada iQWHUEHOLF DXWRULW LOH FHORU GRX VWDWH DX WUHEXLW V
VROX LRQH]H R VHULH GH SUREOHPH FXOWXUDOH üL VSLULWXDOH ULGLFDWH GH F WUH
SRSXOD LD PLQRULWDU URPkQ GLQ ,XJRVODYLD üL UHVSHFWLY SRSXOD LD
PLQRULWDU iugoslav GLQ 5RPkQLD 8QD GLQWUH SUREOHPHOH FHOH mai
controversate a fost cea a statutului Bisericii Ortodoxe Române din Banatul
LXJRVODY üL GLQ 0DFHGRQLD SUHFXP üL FHD D VWDWXWXOXL %LVHULFLL 2UWRGR[H
6kUEH GLQ %DQDWXO URPkQHVF %LVHULFD RUWRGR[ URPkQ GLQ %DQDWXO
LXJRVODYDIODW vQVXEMXULVGLF LDELVHULFHDVF D(SLVFRSLLORU$UDGXOXL
üL &DUDQVHEHüXOXL D WUDYHUVDW vQ SULPLL DQL LQWHUEHOLFL R VLWXD LH FULWLF
GDWRULW H[SURSULHULORU HIHFWXDWH GH F WUH VWDWXO LXJRVODY SUHFXP üL D
H[SXO] ULLGHSUHR LURPkQLSHPRWLYXOF SURSDJDXLGHLDQWLVWDWDOH, etc. În
0DFHGRQLD DXWRULW LOH ELVHULFHüWL iugoslave s-au amestecat în treburile
DGPLQLVWUDWLYH DOH %LVHULFLL 2UWRGR[H 5RPkQH &RQIRUP vQ HOHJHULL GLQWUH
7DNH,RQHVFXüL1LFRODH3DåLþFKHVWLXQHDELVHULFHDVF WUHEXLDUH]ROYDW SH
baza principiului reciprRFLW LL
$WkWDXWRULW LOHHFOH]LDVWLFHFkWüLFHOHJXYHUQDPHQWDOHURPkQHüWLDX
XUP ULW vQILLQ DUHD XQXL YLFDULDW UHVSHFWLY D XQHL HSLVFRSLL URPkQH vQ
%DQDWXO LXJRVODY FDUH V GHSLQG GH %LVHULFD 2UWRGR[ 6kUE GRDU vQ
SULYLQ D SUREOHPHORU VSLULWXDOH $FHDVW FHUHUH HUD vQWHPHLDW SH GUHSWXO
istoric al Bisericii Ortodoxe Române din Banat, ea existând aici înainte de
venirea iugoslavLORU SUHFXP üL SH SUHYHGHULORU 7UDWDWXOXL GH 3DFH GH OD
3DULV %XFXUHüWLXO PDL VROLFLWD FD YLFDUXO VDX HSLVFRSXO DIODW vQ IUuntea
%LVHULFLL 2UWRGR[H 5RPkQH GLQ %DQDWXO LXJRVODY V DLE GUHSWXO GH D
KLURWRQLVLSUHR LLURPkQLGHDLFL
3DUWHD LXJRVODY D UHVSLQV FHUHULOH URPkQHüWL DU WkQG F QX SXWHDu
H[LVWD SH WHULWRULXO VWDWXOXL LXJRVODY GRX ELVHULFL RUWRGR[H %HOJUDGXO HUD
289
diVSXV V DFRUGH %LVHULFLL 2UWRGR[H 5RPkQH GLQ %DQDWXO LXJRVODY R ODUJ

DXWRQRPLH FX FRQGL LD FD DFHDVWD V VH DIOH VXE MXULVGLF LD XQXL HSLVFRS
iugoslav 7RWRGDW YLFDUXO QX WUHEXLD V ILH DUKLHUHX üL QX L VH DGPLWHD
GUHSWXO GH DKLURWRQLVLSUHR L $FHDVW FDOLWDWHXUPD V R GH LQ HSLVFRSXO
iugoslavGHOD9UåDFF UXLDYLFDUXOURPkQvLHUDFXWRWXOVXERUGRQDW
$XWRULW LOH ELVHULFHüWL URPkQH DX DGXV vQ GLVFX LH DOWH SURSXQHUL FDUH
SUHYHGHDX KLURWRQLVLUHD SUHR LORU GH F WUH HSLVFRSXO GH &DUDQVHEHü LDU vQ
pULYLQ DVXERUGRQ ULLYLFDUXOXLDUKLHUHXURPkQVHDYHDvQYHGHUHFDDFHVWDV ILH
VXSXVGRDUvQSUREOHPHVSLULWXDOHüLGLVFLSOLQDUH6IkQWXOXL6LQRGGHOD%HOJUDG
8Q SURLHFW PDL UDGLFDOSUHYHGHD FD URPkQLL GLQ %DQDWXO LXJRVODY V
DLE GUHSWXOGHD-üLDOHJHXQ&RQVLVWRUüLGHD-üLRUJDQL]DXQ6LQRGHSDUKLDO
vQ FRQIRUPLWDWH FX GLVSR]L LLOH 6WDWXWXOXL üL 5HJXODPHQWXOXL FH HUD vQ
YLJRDUH SHQWUX %LVHULFD 2UWRGR[ 5RPkQ GLQ 7UDQVLOYDQLD SkQ vQ
)LHFDUH GLQWUH FHOH GRX ELVHULFL XUPDX V VH DIOH VXE DXWRULWDtea unui
episcop, care, în problemele spirituale, dogmatice, disciplinare, era
subordonat Sfântului Sinod al locului.
ÍQ GHFHQLXO DO SDWUXOHD D DS UXW üL IRUPXOD ´6LQRGXOXL PL[Wµ FHOH
GRX S U LDMXQJkQGODvQFKHLHUHDXQHLvQ HOHJHULFDUHGLQS FDWHQXD fost
SXV vQSUDFWLF
'HVLJXU SUREOHPD vQILLQ ULL XQXL YLFDULDW HSLVFRSDO la Vršac a
SURYRFDWQXPHURDVHGLVFX LL0LQLVWUXOGHH[WHUQHLXJRVODY-HYWLþVXEOLQLD
F SHQWUXDse HYLWDFUHDUHDXQXLSUHFHGHQWSHULFXORVFRPSHWHQ DVSLULWXDO
a Bisericii OUWRGR[H 5RPkQH GLQ %DQDWXO LXJRVODY WUHEXLD OLPLWDW GH
VXYHUDQLWDWHD VWDWXOXL ([LVWHQ D XQHL HSLVFRSLL VWU LQH QX HUD DJUHDW QLFL
GHIDFWRULLSROLWLFLGHOD%XFXUHüWLDVWIHOGHUHYHQGLFDUHSXWkQGILVROLFLWDW
üLGHUHSUH]HQWDQ LLDOWRUPLQRULW LQD LRQDOHPDJKLDULUXüL
%XFXUHüWLXO D DFX]DW %HOJUDGXO F QX GRUHD V VROX LRQH]H SUREOHPD
ELVHULFHDVF SDUWHD URPkQ VXEOLQLLQG üL IDSWXO F SULQ VHSDUDUHD FKHVWLXQLL
ELVHULFHüWL GH FHD üFRODU DXWRULW LOH LXJRVODYH XUP UHDX UXSHUHD OHJ WXULL
WUDGL LRQDOH GLQWUH ELVHULF üL üFRDO DüD FXP HUD SUHY ]XW HD vQ VWDWXWXO
üDJXQLDQ 'HVLJXU DFHDVW XOWLP DFX]D LH SRDWH IL FRPE WXW SULQ LQYRFDUHD
SULQFLSLXOXLPRGHUQFDUHSUHYHGHDVHSDUD LDvQY PkQWXOXLGHELVHULF
2ULFXP WUHEXLH V FRQVWDW P F SULQFLSLXO UHFLSURFLW LL FDUH WUHEXLD
V VWHD OD ED]D UH]ROY ULL DFHVWHL SUREOHPH QX D D IXQF LRQDW %LVHULFD
2UWRGR[ 6kUE GLQ%DQDWXOURPkQHVFDYkQGXQYLFDULDWOD7LPLüRDUDFDUH
se bucura de numeroase drepturi (Vicariatul român de la Belgrad a luat
ILLQ vQDQii 70).
290
Concluzii
(VWH GH DVHPHQHD HYLGHQW F GLSORPD LD URPkQHDVF QX D UHXüLW vQ
SHULRDGD LQWHUEHOLF V UH]ROYH VWDWXWXO %LVHULFLL 2UWRGR[H 5RPkQH GLQ
Banatul iugoslav.
ÍQSULYLQ D0DFHGRQLHLOXFUXULOHHUDXPXOWPDLFRPSOLFDWHFHOHGRX
S U LKRW UkQGV WUHDF la rezolvarea chestiunii Bisericii Ortodoxe Române
GH DLFL GXS FH DX vQFKHLDW R FRQYHQ LH SULYLWRDUH OD FHOH GRX S U L DOH
%DQDWXOXL ÍQ DFHVWH FRQGL LL OD VIkUüLWXO DQLORU V-DX S VWUDW SX LQH
O FDüXULGHFXOWFDUHRGDW DXDSDU LQXW%LVHULFLL2UWRGR[e Române.
ÍQFLXGDDFHVWRUSUREOHPHGLYHUJHQWHFHOHGRX ELVHULFLDXF XWDWV
FRODERUH]H vQ GLYHUVH SUREOHPH GH LQWHUHV FRPXQ VDX V PHGLH]H
rezolvarea unor conflicte existente între alte biserici surori.
7RWRGDW DXH[LVWDWFRQWDFWHvQWUHUHSUH]HQWDQ LLFHORUGRX ELVHULFLSH
SDUFXUVXO GHVI üXU ULL YL]LWHORU FDQRQLFH vQWUHSULQVH GH HSLVFRSLL URPkQL
GLQ $UDG üL &DUDQVHEHü vQ %DQDWXO LXJRVODY SUHFXP üL DOH HSLVFRSLORU
iugoslavi în Banatul românesc.
1LFLVLWXD LDüFROLORUURPkQHüWLGLQ%DQDWXOLXJRVODYüL Macedonia nu
D IRVW PDL EXQ ûFROLOH FRQIHVLRQDOH URPkQHüWL DX GHYHQLW üFROL GH VWDW
vQY WRULL URPkQL DX IRVW REOLJD L V vQYH H OLPED iugoslav üL V VXV LQ
H[DPHQH GH OLPE OLWHUDWXU üL LVWRULH iugoslav ÍQY PkQWXO URPkQHVF
din Banatul iugoslaYVHFRQIUXQWDüLFXROLSV DFXW GHPDQXDOHüFRODUHÍQ
ID DDFHVWHLVLWXD LLIRDUWHPXO LvQY WRULV-au refugiat în România.
ÍQ7DNH,RQHVFXüL1LNROD3DåLþDXVWDELOLWvQFHSHUHDQHJRFLHULORU
SHQWUX UH]ROYDUHD SUREOHPHL üFROLORU URPkQHüWL GLQ %Dnatul iugoslav,
SUHFXPüLDFHORUURPkQHüWLGLQ%DQDWXOURPkQHVFSHED]DGHUHFLSURFLWDWH
3DUWHDURPkQ DVROLFLWDWüFROLFRQIHVLRQDOHURPkQHüWLvQILLQ DUHDXQHL
VHF LLURPkQHFRQIHVLRQDOHODXQJLPQD]LXiugoslav din Banatul iugoslav, a
XQHLVHF LLGHSUHGDUHvQOLPEDURPkQ ODRüFRDO QRUPDO iugoslav
%HOJUDGXO D UHIX]DW GH OD vQFHSXW LGHHD üFROLORU FRQIHVLRQDOH
URPkQHüWLGHWHUPLQkQGDXWRULW LOHURPkQHV SURSXQ vQILLQ DUHDGHüFROL
SULPDUH URPkQHüWL ODLFH DOF WXLUHD XQXL FRPLWHW JHQHUDO üFRODU URmânesc
FDUHDYHDPHQLUHDV VXSUDYHJKH]HüLV FRQWUROH]HDFHVWHüFROLSUHFXPüL
V -i UHFRPDQGH SH LQVWLWXWRUL 1 7LWXOHVFX D FRPE WXW LGHHD FRPLWHWXOXL
üFRODUURPkQHVFDU WkQGF SULQDFHVWRUJDQLVPDOWHJXYHUQHSXWHDXV VH
amestece în treburile interQH DOH 5RPkQLHL vQ ED]D DSOLF ULL SULQFLSLXOXL
UHFLSURFLW LL
$XWRULW LOH LXJRVODYH DX PDL SURSXV vQILLQ DUHD GH üFROL SULPDUH
SDUWLFXODUH FRQGXVH üL vQWUH LQXWH GH F WUH FRPXQLWDWHD URPkQ UHVSHFWLY
291
%XFXUHüWLXODFHUXWFDDFHVWHüFROLV ILHVXEYHQ LRQDWHGHVWDWXOLXJRVODYSHED]

de reciprocitate, conform prevederilor tratatului de pace de la Saint Germain.
'XS FH FRQYHQ LLOH üFRODUH GLQ üL QX DX IRVW SXVH vQ
DSOLFDUH vQ D IRVW VHPQDW R QRX FRQYHQ LH FDUH SUHYHGHD H[LVWHQ D
üFROLORUGHVWDWDYkQGOLPEDGHSUHGDUHURPkQ üLUHVSHFWLYiugoslav LDU
GLQ FODVD D WUHLD XUPkQG V VH SUHGHD üL OLPED RILFLDO ,VWRULD JHRJUDILD
,XJRVODYLHL XUPDX V VH SUHGHD vQ OLPED iugoslav UHVSHFWLY vQ OLPED
URPkQ ûFROLOHSULPDUHPLQRULWDUHVHvQILLQ DXvQORFDOLW LOHvQFDUHH[LVWDX
FHO SX LQ GH FRSLL URPkQL UHVSHFWLY iugoslavL ÍQ SULYLQ D PDQXDOHORU
üFRODUHVHDFFHSWDDGXFHUHDDFHVWRUDGLQ5RPkQLDUHVSHFWLYGLQ,XJRVODYLD
3kQ OD FRPSOHWDUHD SRVWXULORU YDFDQWH GH vQY WRUL VH SHUPLWHa venirea
vQY WRULORU FRQWUDFWXDOL GLQ 5RPkQLD UHVSHFWLY ,XJRVODYLD ûFROLOH
SULPDUH PLQRULWDUH XUPDX V -üL GHVI üRDUH DFWLYLWDWHD VXE FRQWUROXO GLUHFW
DOVWDWXOXLUHVSHFWLY&RQYHQ LDPDLSUHYHGHDFRQGL LLOHvQFDUHXUPDXV VH
SUHJ WHDVF vQY WRULLGLQFHOHGRX S U LDOH%DQDWXOXL
'HüL DX PDL H[LVWDW GLQ SDUWHD DPEHORU S U L XQHOH QHPXO XPLUL
SULYLQG SXQHUHD vQ SUDFWLF D FRQYHQ LHL üFRODUH vQ %DQDWXO URPkQHVF vQ
VSHFLDOvQ]RQD&OLVXULL'XQ ULLUHDOL]DUHDDFHVWXLDFRUGSUHFXPüLYHQLUHD
vQY torilor contractuali români în Banatul iugoslav a determinat
vPEXQ W LUHDvQY PkQWXOXLURPkQHVFGLQDFHDVW SURYLQFLHLXJRVODY
$XWRULW LOHURPkQHüWLDXXUP ULWvQSHULRDGDLQWHUEHOLF UHFXSHUDUHD
valorilor culturale care au fost ridicate din Banat în DQXO GH F WUH
WUXSHOHGHRFXSD LHiugoslave.
&X SULOHMXO YL]LWHL HIHFWXDWH OD %HOJUDG GH F WUH 1LFRODH 7LWXOHVFX OD
VIkUüLWXODQXOXLV-DKRW UkWHIHFWXDUHDXQRUGHPHUVXULFRPXQHSHQWUX
J VLUHD üL DGXFHUHD vQ DU D SLHVHORU FDUH DSDU LQHDX FROHF LLORU 0X]HXOXL
%DQDWXOXL GLQ 7LPLüRDUD SUHFXP üL D IRQGXOXL DUKLYLVWLF FDUH D IRVW
transportat pe teritoriul statului vecin.
'HPHUVXULOH vQWUHSULQVH GH F WUH GLUHFWRUXO Muzeului Banatului din
7LPLüRDUD , 0LORLD DX U PDV I U QLFL XQ UH]XOWDW DVWIHO vQFkW DFHDVW
LPSRUWDQW LQVWLWX LH GH FXOWXU GLQ %DQDW D U PDV Y GXYLW SHQWUX
totdeauna de numeroase piese valorose.
ÍQSULYLQ DIRQGXOXLDUKLYLVWLFRSDUWHDDFHVWXLDDUHYHQLWvQ5RPkQLD
în a doua parte a deceniului patru.
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LQVWLWX LLOHüLRDPHQLLGHFXOWXU GLQ5RPkQLDüLURPkQLLGLQ%DQDWXOLXJRVODY
7RWRGDW DXWRULW LOHURPkQHDXVSULMLQLWDFWLYLW LOHFXOWXUDOHDOHURPkQLORUGLQ
292
Concluzii
DFHDVW SURYLQFLH$VWIHO vQFLXGDXQRUSLHGLFLSXVHGHDXWRULW LOHiugoslave,

DX IRVW WULPLVH F U L SHQWUX vQ]HVWUDUHD ELEOLRWHFLORU FRPXQDOH GLQ ORFDOLW LOH
URPkQHüWL 6RFLHWDWHD FXOWXUDO ´$VWUDµ D EHQHILFLDW GH VSULMLQXO )XQGD LHL
5HJDOH 5RPkQH LPSRUWDQWD SXEOLFD LH ´1 GHMGHDµ D SULPLW VSULMLQ financiar
GLQ SDUWHD XQRU SHUVRQDOLW L DOH YLH LL FXOWXUDOH URPkQHüWL SHQWUX D SXWHD
H[LVWD vQ FRQWLQXDUH $X DS UXW vQ 5RPkQLD R VHULH GH OXFU UL SULYLQG LVWRULD
românilor din Banatul iugoslav, au fost efectuate studii sociologice privind
VLWXD LDHFRQRPLF VRFLDO üLFXOWXUDO DDFHVWRUD
)RUPD LXQLOH FRUDOH H[WUHP GH QXPHURDVH GLQ %DQDWXO LXJRVODY DX
întreprins turnee în România (în special în Banatul românesc), iar cele din
5RPkQLD DX IRVW SUH]HQWH vQ ORFDOLW LOH E Q HQH GLQ ,XJRVODYLD 'HVLJXU
aMXWRUXOSHFDUH%XFXUHüWLXOO-a acordat românilor din Banatul iugoslav nu
s-DULGLFDWODQLYHOXODüWHSWDWGHDFHüWLD
/HJ WXUL FXOWXUDOH LQWHQVH DX H[LVWDW üL vQWUH ,XJRVODYLD üL SRSXOD LD
iugoslav GLQ %DQDWXO URPkQHVF $XWRULW LOH LXJRVODYH DX DFRUGDW R serie
GHvQOHVQLULIRUPD LXQLORUFRUDOHüLWHDWUDOHFDUHVHGHSODVDXvQ5RPkQLD/D
DQLYHUVDUHDPDULORUPRPHQWHLVWRULFHüLUHOLJLRDVHDXSDUWLFLSDWLPSRUWDQWH
FRUXULGLQ,XJRVODYLD7UHEXLHV VXEOLQLHPüLIDSWXOF SRSXOD LDiugoslav
din Banatul româneVF D GHVI üXUDW R ERJDW DFWLYLWDWH FXOWXUDO H[LVWkQG
VRFLHW LGHOHFWXU QXPHURDVHFRUXULWUXSHGHWHDWUXGHDPDWRULDVRFLD LL
IHPLQLQH 8Q URO LPSRUWDQW vQ GHVI üXUDUHD YLH LL FXOWXUDOH iugoslave din
România l-DDYXW%LVHULFD2UWRGR[ 6kUE GHDLFL.
'HüL DX H[LVWDW R VHULH GH GLYHUJHQ H vQWUH 5RPkQLD üL ,XJRVODYLD
OHJDWHGHVWDWXWXOüFROLORUüLELVHULFLORUGLQ%DQDWXOURPkQHVFüLFHOLXJRVODY
SUHFXP üL GLQ 0DFHGRQLD vQ SHULRDGD LQWHUEHOLF DX H[LVWDW FRQWDFWH
FXOWXUDOHvQPXOWLSOHGRPHQLL$üDFXPVXEOLQLDXüLRDPHQLLGHFXOWXU GLQ
FHOH GRX VWDWH HOH WUHEXLDX LQWHQVLILFDWH vQV SHQWUX D VH DMXQJH OD R
FXQRDüWHUH PDL EXQ D LVWRULHL üL FXOWXULL FHORU GRX SRSRDUH YHFLQH
) XULUHDXQRUDVRFLD LLFXOWXUDOHURPkQR-iugoslave a constituit un prim pas
vQDFHVWVHQVvQV L]EXFQLUHDU ]ERLXOXL a anulat aceste eforturi.
6WUXFWXULOH HFRQRPLFH DSURSLDWH DOH FHORU GRX VWDWH DX LQIOXHQ DW
schimburile comerciale dintre ele.
ÍQ SULPLL DQL LQWHUEHOLFL H[SRUWDWRULL URPkQL SH SLD D LXJRVODY DX
înregistrat pierderi semnificative datorate tarifelor maximale practicate de
DXWRULW LOH 5HJDWXOXL 6kUER-Croato-6ORYHQ vQ WLPS FH P UIXULOH LXJRVODYH
care intrau în România se bucurau de un tarif vamal unic. În vederea
UHPHGLHULLDFHVWRUVLWXD LLJXYHUQXOURPkQDSURSXV guvernului iugoslav la
293
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ED]DW SH FODX]D QD LXQLL FHOH PDL IDYRUL]DWH 'XS R VHULH GH WHUJLYHUV UL
GLQSDUWHDLXJRVODY vQPDUWLH%HOJUDGXODKRW UkWV DSOLFHP UIXULORU
URPkQHüWL XQ WDULI PLQLPDO 2ULFXP SkQ OD VIkUüLWXO DQXOXL UHOD LLOH
GLQWUHFHOHGRX VWDWHYHFLQHHUDXSUHDSX LQGH]YROWDWHIDSWVXEOLQLDWüLGH
F WUHPLQLVWUXOGHH[WHUQHLXJRVODY90DULQNRYLþ5HIHULQGX-VHODUHOD LLOH
FRPHUFLDOHGLQ]RQDGHIURQWLHU GLQWUHFHOHGRX VWDWHGLSORPDWXOLXJRVODY
OHFRQVLGHUDFDüLLQH[LVWHQWH
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GRX VWDWHDFHVWHDDXIRVWvQJHQHUDODFHOHDüLvQWRDW SHULRDGDLQWHUEHOLF
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SH SLD D PRQGLDO H[SRUWkQG DFHOHDüL FDWHJRULL GH P UIXUL 5RPkQLD üL
,XJRVODYLDV VHFRQFXUH]H
2GDW FXGHFODQüDUHDFUL]HL economiceFHOHGRX JXYHUQHDXvQFHSXW
tratativele pentru încheierea unui tratat ecRQRPLF 3DUWHD LXJRVODY GRUHD
FD FHOH GRX JXYHUQH V DGRSWH P VXUL FRPXQH SHQWUX D VH DS UD GH
FRQFXUHQ D P UIXULORU VWU LQH ÍQ DFHVW VHQV WUHEXLD IRUPDW XQ WHULWRULX
HFRQRPLFXQLFGHOD0DUHD1HDJU OD0DUHD$GULDWLF XQGHV ILHDOF WXLWH
tarife prefHUHQ LDOH SUHFXP üL R 8QLXQH 9DPDO FDUH XUPD V UHSUH]LQWH
ED]D XQHL XQLXQL D VWDWHORU GLQ (XURSD &HQWUDO vQ FDUH ,XJRVODYLD üL
5RPkQLDWUHEXLDXV GH LQ UROXOSULQFLSDO
ÍQ YDUD DQXOXL FHOH GRX JXYHUQH DX vQFKHLDW XQ DQJDMDPHQW
economic provi]RULX SH ED]D FODX]HL QD LXQLL FHOH PDL IDYRUL]DWH
document ce a fost reînnoit în 1932. La începutul deceniului al patrulea a
IRVWGLVFXWDWüLSURLHFWXOUHDOL] ULLXQHLXQLXQLYDPDOHvQWUHFHOHGRX VWDWH
FDUHQXIRVWSULPLWIDYRUDELOGHF WUHSURGXF WRrii agricoli din România.
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vederea inWHQVLILF ULL OHJ WXULORU FRPHUFLDOH GLQWUH 5RPkQLD üL ,XJRVODYLD
DX OXDW ILLQ ´&RPLWHWXO LXJRVODY SHQWUX SURPRYDUHD UHOD LLORU FX
România” üL ´&DPHUDGHFRPHU LXJRVODY -URPkQ µ
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fost GHVWXO GH PRGHVWH vQ SHULRDGD LQWHUEHOLF vQ SULPXO UkQG GDWRULW
VWUXFWXULLORUHFRQRPLFHDVHP Q WRDUH/DDFHDVWDV-DDG XJDWüLLQWHUHVHOH
pe care le-a avut fiecare stat de a-üLSURWHMDSURSULLOHP UIXUL
294
Concluzii
'LQvQFRQGL LLOHvQU XW LULLVLWXD LHLLQWHUQD LRQDOHVFKLPEXULOH

FRPHUFLDOH GH PDWHULL SULPH QHFHVDUH FHORU GRX DUPDWH V-au intensificat.
,XJRVODYLDLPSRUWDGLQ5RPkQLDSHWUROEHQ]LQ HWFüLH[SRUWDvQ5RPkQLD
FXSUX HOHFWUROLWLF 'HüL WHUPHQHOH IL[DWH SHQWUX OLYUDUHD DFHVWRU PDWHULL
primH QX DX IRVW vQWRWGHDXQD UHVSHFWDWH FHOH GRX S U L V-au achitat în
EXQ P VXU GH REOLJD LLOH SH FDUH üL OH-DX DVXPDW vQ DFHDVW SULYLQ
2ULFXP GXS Anschluss üL GXS FXFHULUHD 3RORQLHL D IRVW vQUHJLVWUDW R
FUHüWHUH VLP LWRDUH D YROXPXOXL FRPHU XOXL GLQWUH 5RPkQLD üL ,XJRVODYLD
&HOHGRX S U LVHFRQIUXQWDXvQV FXRFUHüWHUHPDVLY DSUH XULORUGXS
GHFODQüDUHD U ]ERLXOXL SUHFXP üL FX OLSVD GHYL]HORU IDSW FH D GHWHUPLQDW
DXWRULW LOHURPkQHV VHJkQGHDVF ODQHJRFLHUHDXQXLDFRUGGHclearingüi
la fixarea unor contingente de export. Evenimentele din august 1940 din
5RPkQLDDX] G UQLFLWvQV DFHVWHSURLHFWH
1LFL vQ FDGUXO 0LFLL ÍQ HOHJHUL üL D ÍQ HOHJHULL %DOFDQLFH FRODERUDUHD
HFRQRPLF QX V-D ULGLFDW OD QLYHOXO DüWHSW ULORU ,QWHUHVHOH HFRQRmice ale
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VWUXFWXULOH HFRQRPLFH GLIHULWH DOH VWDWHORU FHORU GRX DOLDQ H DX FRQVWLWXLW
FDX]HOHSULQFLSDOHDOHQHUHDOL] ULLXQHLFRODERU ULIUXFWXRDVHvQFDGUXO0LFLL
ÍQ HOHJHULüLÍQ HOHJHULL%DOFDQLFH
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serie de demersuri în vederea stabilirii unor raporturi echitabile între
SUH XULOH SURGXVHORU DJULFROH SH FDUH OH H[SRUWDX üL FHOH DOH SURGXVHORU
industriale finiteSHFDUHFHOHGRX VWDWHHUDXQHYRLWHV OHLPSRUWHGLQ ULOH
LQGXVWULDOL]DWH)DSWXOF DFHVWHDDXUHVSLQVDFHVWHLQL LDWLYHV-a repercutat
QHJDWLYDVXSUDHFRQRPLLORUFHORUGRX VWDWH
ÍPS U LUHD %DQDWXOXL vQWUH FHOH GRX VWDWH D ULGLFDW SUREOHPD
proprieW LORU SH FDUH FHW HQLL URPkQL üL iugoslavi care locuiau în
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&UHGHPF vQSHULRDGDLQWHUEHOLF %HOJUDGXOQXDDFRUGDWRDWHQ LHPDMRU
FRPHU XOXL FDUH VH SUDFWLFD SH FXUVXl acestui râu, deoarece privirea sa era
vQGUHSWDW VSUHUHDOL]DUHDXQXLVLVWHPGHQDYLJD LH'XQ UH-Tisa-'XQ UH
295
296
Rezumat
THE ROMANIAN-YUGOSLAV RELATIONSHIP

DURING THE INTER-WAR PERIOD
At the end of the World War I, the Romanian-Serb diplomatic

relationship entered into a new stage by reason of the geo-political
modifications that took place in Europe generally, and in the south-east of
the continent especially. Both Romania, through its union with Bessarabia,
Bukovina and Transylvania, and Serbia, through its union with Croatia and
Slovenia became larger states from a territorial point of view with a
superior economic potential than by that moment.
At the end of the World War I, the Romanian-Yugoslav diplomatic
relationships were tensed because of the claims of the two parts over the
region of Banat. Banat, given to Romania through the treaty from August
1916, was demanded also by the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes at
the end of the war. Moreover, the Serb army occupied a large part of the
province in autumn of 1918. That occupation provoked discontent of the
Romanian population from there. The Romanian Prime Minister Ion I.C.
%U WLDQXDGRSWHGDQXQFRPSURPLVLQJDWWLWXGHDVFRQFHUQVWKHPDLQWDLQLQJ
of integrity of Banat. The bilateral diplomatic contacts (the meeting of the
Romanian Prime Minister with the regent Alexander I) did not contribute
to solving the dispute when the problem was discussed at the Paris Peace
Conference. The two parts brought a series of arguments with a view to
obtaining the province. So, the Romanian part pointed out that Banat
represented a unitary whole from geographical and economical point of
view. It was considered that splitting Banat in two parts would have had
negative consequences especially on the province’s economy. Belgrade
rejected the stipulations of the treaty from 1916 when Banat was given to
Romania motivating that it hadn’t been present to negotiations, and that
Banat totally joined to Romania would have put in danger security of the
country’s capital as well as that of the valley of Morava and a large Serb
population would remain out of the Yugoslav state borders. By invoking
the principle of nationalities, the Yugoslav authorities emphasized that half
RISURYLQFHZRXOGEHJLYHQWR<XJRVODYLD7KHFLW\RI7LPLüRDUDZDVDOVR
297
FODLPHG PRWLYDWLQJ WKDW 7LPLüRDUD ZDV WKH HFRQRPLF DQG FRPPHUFLDO

centre of the western Banat, and consequently it could not be separated by
the territory that would have come to Yugoslavia. So as to sustain its thesis,
the Serb delegacy made a more organized propaganda in Paris than the
Romanian representatives (even if some historical arguments were false).
The dispute on Banat was solved by the representatives of the
victorious Central Powers that had decided division of Banat between the
two states. In their conception, the province was fairly divided, and the
allied Central Powers did not have the right to sacrifice one of the allies in
favor of the other. Then, the frontier was traced, and that process finished
in the first years between the two world wars.
Although the Romanian-Serb-Slovenian relationship passed through
crisis moments in the first years between the wars, both the Romanian
authorities and the Serb ones were for achieving an alliance between the
two states in future. The first steps towards that alliance were also made in
Paris where the representatives of the two delegacies analyzed together the
problem of minorities, of a possible common military intervention in
Hungary, that of disarming the ex-enemies. All those diplomatic contacts
constituted the prelude of the future Romanian-Yugoslav alliance.
An important step in normalization and consolidation of the
relationship of the two neighbored states was the royal wedding between
Alexander I of Yugoslavia and princess Mary of Romania. So, a first stage
in the Romanian-Yugoslav diplomatic relationship during the inter-war
period ended and another one started. The latter lasted till the middle of
the fourth decade and developed in the spirit of friendship and
collaboration between the two governments.
The diplomatic collaboration of Romania and the Kingdom of Serbs,
Croats and Slovenes was impelled by the revisionist attempts of Hungary
in the first inter-war years (the project of the Danube confederation, the
plan of restoring of the Habsburgs, invocation made by Budapest of the
Soviet project so as to revoke some clauses of the peace treaties). These
attempts were sustained by certain French and English political and
diplomatic circles. All these approaches rushed up the conclusion of the
Romanian-Croatian-Slovenian defensive pact that was at the basis of the
relationship between the two states during the inter-war period. Also by
reason of the Romanian-Yugoslav common efforts, to which Czech-Slovak
approaches added, the Little Entente came into existence. It was the first
298
Rezumat
regional pact on the continent that represented an important factor in

maintaining the peace in south-eastern Europe. The Romanian-Yugoslav
collaboration was pointed out by the occasion of some international
conferences: Geneva, Lausanne, where the unity of Romanian-Serb
opinions produced a profound impression, Rome (Conference of the
successional states of the Austrian-Hungarian ex-monarchy).
Romanian diplomacy tried to intercede with the Bulgarian-Yugoslav
dispute of the first part of the third decade. Bucharest was worried because
of the revisionist politics promoted by the Bulgarian government that was
affecting also Romania’s interests. In the same time, the Romanian
government saluted the Italian-Yugoslav treaty from 1924 considering it a
first step toward normalization of the relationship between Rome and
Belgrade. We must mention that the Romanian-Yugoslav relationship did
not meet frictions in the moment when Romania concluded the friendship
pact with Italy (act achieved during a period in which Yugoslav-Italian
rapports were tensed because of including the town of Fiume within the
Italian state). The Yugoslav diplomats declared that the respective treaty
did not affect the system of alliances that existed between Bucharest and
Belgrade.
An important chapter within the diplomatic rapports between
Romania and Yugoslavia was the attitude towards the U.S.S.R. Bucharest
followed to normalize its relationship with the eastern neighbor during the
whole inter-war period, but with the condition that the government from
Moscow should recognize the union of Bessarabia with Romania. Belgrade
did not want to keep up diplomatic relation with the U.S.S.R., but it did not
oppose against an eventual normalization of the relation between
Bucharest and Moscow. We believe that a pro-Russian group existed in
Yugoslavia in the inter-war period. Only that could explain the anti-
Romanian press campaign in 1924, when articles, that were accusing
Romania of robberies done on the Soviet territory, were issued. It was
demanded that Bessarabia would return to the Soviet state or the U.S.S.R.’s
right of expansion toward Constantinople. Fortunately, as a result of direct
contacts of the foreign ministers of the two states, the anti-Romanian
campaign ended without affecting the Romanian-Yugoslav diplomatic
relationship.
In the same year, Romania stood for the project of a Yugoslav-
Romanian-Greek alliance which, unfortunately, failed.
299
As concerns the war reparations, there was not always any

concordance of view between Bucharest and Belgrade. In exchange, the two
parts pronounced themselves for signing an efficient disarming pact.
Within the Little Entente, Romania and Yugoslavia acted for
respecting the stipulations of the peace treaties and in favor of achieving a
collective system of security in Europe.
Since 1932, Belgrade tried to normalize its relation with Italy and
Germany. If the attempts of rapprochement to Italy failed, the approaches
done in Berlin became concrete through intensification of commercial
exchanges. Certainly, Yugoslavia did not abandon yet the principles that
had been at the basis of its external politics since the first inter-war years.
Thus, beside Bucharest and Prague, Belgrade also rejected the idea of the
four’s Directory, the project that was offering the possibility of revision of
peace treaties. In the same time, the Yugoslav government manifested its
worry concerning the increase of the international tension when the Nazi
regime came to the leadership of Germany. With a view to maintaining
peace in this part of Europe, Yugoslavia participated with Romania to the
achievement of the Balkan Entente.
Romania was beside its ally in a very grave moment: king Alexander I’s
assassination in Marseille. Nicolae Titulescu demanded, within the League of
Nations, the sentence of those who prepared and organized the attempt.
Unfortunately, no measure was taken in that direction, and the attitude of the
city of Paris disappointed Belgrade which considered France as its protector.
0LODQ6WRMDGLQRYLþ·VFRPLQJLQWKHYDQRIWKH<XJRVODYJRYHUQPHQWDQG
at the leadership of the Foreign Ministry meant a turning point in the Yugoslav
external policy. The new Prime Minister undertook a series of diplomatic
approaches for achieving a rapprochement of his country to Italy and Germany.
That attitude was adopted both by reason of the new international context (the
offensive of the revisionist states led by Germany), and because of the distrust
for the French political circles, for their wish to help Yugoslavia in case that it
would have been menaced by a revisionist power.
The new external orientation that Belgrade had promoted since 1935
weakened the Romanian-Yugoslav diplomatic alliance. The first variances
between the two allies appeared during the Italian-Etyopian conflict. Thus,
while the Romanian diplomacy pronounced firmly for applying the
economic sanctions against Italy, the Yugoslav diplomacy opposed to their
adoption.
300
Rezumat
The Yugoslav government did not sustain Romania’s approaches

from two reasons: the first one of economic nature, when the sanctions
against Italy gravely affected the Yugoslav economic interests, and the
second one of political nature when the factors of decision from Belgrade
considered that the invasion in Etyopia removed the Italian danger from
the Dalmatian coast.
The Yugoslav diplomacy also opposed to the proposal concerning the
conclusion of the sole pact between France and the Little Entente. The
Yugoslav authorities were afraid of a harsh reaction of Germany in the case
when it would have stood for such an approach. We are convinced that,
refusing to participate to such a diplomatic project, Belgrade wanted to
demonstrate that it did not believe any more in possibility of achieving a
collective system of security which would maintain stability on the continent.
Rhenanian crisis situated again Romania and Yugoslavia on different
poVLWLRQV 6WRMDGLQRYLþ UHMHFWLQJ DQ\ DWWHPSW WR VHQWHQFH *HUPDQ\ 7KH
Yugoslav representative at the Society of Nations called Nicolae Titulescu’s
attention not to include Yugoslavia in an eventual declaration against
Germany. This attitude shows us how far the two allies were by
comparison to the ‘20’s, when they had rejected categorically any trial to
encroach upon the stipulations of the peace treaties. But, it is no more
possible to talk about maintaining the validity of the resolution from June
1930, according to which the Foreign Ministers of the Little Entente’s states
could entrust to a delegate or to a deputation the presentation or the
defense of their own positions in front of the third states or in front of the
international organizations.
The year of 1937 increased the distrust between Romania and
Yugoslavia, but also between Yugoslavia and its other partners from the
Little Entente, and respectively from the Balkan Entente. That situation was
owed to the encroachment of Belgrade upon the pact of the Balkan Entente
by signing the Yugoslav-Bulgarian and Yugoslav-Italian treaties. Romanian
political and diplomatic circles wondered whether Yugoslavia would
acquit itself of its obligations towards Romania in the case in which its
independence would have been menaced. The question is quite realistic
EHFDXVH LQ VKRUW WLPH 6WRMDGLQRYLþ ZDV GHFODULQJ WKDW ´SDFWV DUH QRW VR
important/a big deal”. In spirit of that politics, the Yugoslav government
paid less and less importance to the Nations’ Society, to the principles that
were at the basis of their activity.
301
In 1938, Belgrade accepted Anschluss because the Yugoslav Prime

Minister was convinced that Hitler would not go farther than ex-Austria’s
borders. Any attempt of that kind would have led to creation of an anti-
German bloc formed of Italy, France, England and Yugoslavia. The
subsequent development of events proved the un-realism of that
diplomatic thinking.
During the Czech crisis, the Yugoslav government adopted an
ambiguous attitude from which came out that it did not want to respect its
military obligations towards its ally because it did not want at all to be in
conflict with Germany. As a result of dismemberment of Czechoslovakia,
both Romania and Yugoslavia lost one of the most important allies, and so
Little Entente ceased to exist.
Because of the German offensive towards the south-east of Europe,
Romania was obliged to conclude an economic treaty with Germany at the
beginning of 1939. In the same time, the Romanian diplomacy followed to
achieve a new treaty with Yugoslavia which would stipulate precise clauses of
FROODERUDWLRQ LQ FDVH RI +XQJDULDQ RU %XOJDULDQ DJJUHVVLRQV 6WRMDGLQRYLþ·V
tendencies not to compromise its efforts of détente and of understanding with
Bulgaria and Hungary hindered the achievement of that agreement. Moreover,
the Yugoslav government did not want any more to assume new commitments
within the Balkan Entente and it got with reserve the English-French-Turkish
agreement for fear of some negative reactions coming from Germany and Italy.
The Romanian initiative of constitution of the bloc of neutrals was not received
with much enthusiasm in Belgrade in autumn of 1939.
During 1939, the Hungarian and Bulgarian revisionist politics
towards the states of south-eastern Europe got intensified. Budapest’s
attempts to isolate Romania by concluding a separate agreement with
Yugoslavia failed (the Romanian-Yugoslav alliance functioned generally
well in that situation). At the end of 1939 and the beginning of 1940 the
Yugoslav government intensified its efforts for normalizing the relations
between the states of the Balkan Entente on one side, and with Bulgaria and
Hungary on the other side. Belgrade considered that the region would
become stable by achieving that desideratum. It pretended to its allies to
accept even some territorial sacrifices for that matter. Bucharest rejected
that proposal because only Romania was to do sacrifices while the
Yugoslavian government did not accept to give up to any part of its
country’s territory.
302
Rezumat
Romania did not receive any support from Yugoslavia when U.S.S.R.
sent the ultimatum in June 27th, 1940. According to the bilateral Romanian-
Soviet treaty, Belgrade did not intend to be beside Romania in case of a
Soviet attack over it. Moreover, the Yugoslavian government did not want
to be implied in the Romanian-Soviet conflict because it was taking more
and more into consideration the hypothesis of approaching of Moscow so
to counterbalance the Italian pressure.
But the Romanian-Yugoslavian alliance functioned not even at the
end of August 1940 because Yugoslavia did not want to be drawn in an
armed conflict.
Since 1935 Belgrade had followed to promote an equilibrium politics
by maintaining some normal diplomatic relations with Germany and Italy
on one side, and with France and England on the other side. In the moment
of the World War II breaking out, the Yugoslavian government was
promoting a politics that was following to maintain neutrality to any price.
According to Belgrade that orientation was the only one that could offer the
territorial integrity of the Yugoslavian state. The statement seemed to be
correct in front of the events that had happened during those years and
which led to the collapse of the system of alliances constituted even to
maintain peace on the continent. From this point of view, the Yugoslavian
politicians who had promoted that external politics can not be condemned.
Yugoslavia contributed to weakening and collapse of the alliance as
long as it did not want any more to be part of the system of alliances to
which it belonged. We believe that the situation could have been avoided if
the Romanian diplomacy had interfered firmly when Belgrade encroached
upon, for the first time, the obligations stipulated by the treaties (1937
when the Yugoslavian government signed an agreement with Bulgaria and
Italy). By not adopting such an attitude contributed to the failure of the
alliance between the two states.
The Romanian-Yugoslavian military relations were founded on the
stipulations of the military treaty from 1922, as well as of the agreements
achieved within the Little Entente and the Balkan Entente. During the inter-
war period many actions of military collaboration took place, and during
the last peace years the two governments permitted each other reciprocal
facilities as concerns the endowment of the two armies with war technique
that they needed.
303
Belgrade’s new politics after 1935 hindered to achieve a new more

efficient military collaboration between the two states.
At the end of the fourth decade, the Yugoslavian competent
authorities proposed a collaboration agreement between the two home
ministries. There were organized contacts and common operations so to
annihilate some iron guardist actions that jeopardized Romania’s national
security. The breaking of the World War II hindered a better collaboration
in this domain.
The cultural relations between Romania and Yugoslavia manifested
during the inter-war period on several plans.
The two historiography schools continued an existent tradition in the
modern epoch. The Romanian-Yugoslavian historical interferences were
DQDO\]HGE\IDPRXVKLVWRULDQVRIWKHWZRVWDWHVDV-RYDQ5RGRQLþ$OHNVD
,YLþ 1LFRODH ,RUJD *K %U WLDQX HWF 0HDQZKLOH <XJRVODYLDQ KLVWRULDQV
were invited in Romania for keeping lectures, and Romanian historians
ZHQWWR<XJRVODYLD,RYD5RQLþ333DQDLWHVFX1,RUJD
In the linguistic domain, there were common preoccupations as
concerns the linguistic evolution of the two peoples, as well as the
contribution of the Serbian language to the creation of the Slave
substratum within the Romanian language. Prestigious linguists of the
WZR FRXQWULHV 3 3DSDKDJL *K 1DQGULü 1 'U JDQ 6 3XüFDULX 3
6NRN 6WDQRMHYLþ HWF VWXGLHG WKDW SUREOHP VR WKDW WKH DQDO\]H RI WKHLU
works proved a good reciprocal knowledge of preoccupations in that
direction.
There were translated works from both literatures, there were made
theoretical studies concerning the Yugoslavian literature. In the same time,
books of reportages about Yugoslavia were issued as for example Nicolae
Iorga’s work Along after war Serbia, which is an excellent historic, folk,
mental presentation of the provinces of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and
Slovenes.
There were also preoccupations in the folk domain. Specialists of the
two states studied the common elements of the two peoples’ customs and
traditions. There are works concerning the traditions of the Romanians who
were living in different regions of Yugoslavia.
The inter-war period was remarked through the numerous tours of
prestigious Yugoslavian choirs in Romania that invited at their turn
Romanian bands and choirs to concertize in Yugoslavia.
304
Rezumat
The mass-media of both states contributed to a better knowledge of

the two peoples. The most important events of the two states’ history were
pointed out by the radio stations and by the main newspapers and
magazines of the two countries.
During the fourth decade, the necessity of intensification of the
Romanian-Yugoslav cultural relations constituted a major preoccupation
especially of the intellectuals from Yugoslavia. They considered that the
cultural contacts between the two neighbored countries were extremely
reduced. In this context, the idea of creation of some Romanian-Yugoslav
cultural associations appeared. A first result was “The Romanian-Yugoslav
Universitary Association” followed by “the Yugoslav-Romanian Association”
that developed an efficient propaganda for making known Romania in
Yugoslavia. Unfortunately, the Romanian authorities were not too responsive
to those valuable proposals of the intellectuals from Yugoslavia.
Towards the end of the fourth decade, there were made efforts for
intensification of the connections between the Romanian and Yugoslav
students. Most of them were just sporadic during the inter-war period.
Thus, it was proposed a minute preparing of some reciprocal trips, as well
as collaboration at the level of student associations (the same thing was also
followed at the level of the youth organizations existent in the two states).
Certainly, the international situation, then the war, hindered all those
cultural projects.
During the inter-war period, the authorities of the two states had to
solve a series of cultural and spiritual problems of the Romanian minority
from Yugoslavia and, respectively by the Serb minority from Romania. One
of the most disputed problems dealt with the status of the Romanian
Orthodox Church from Yugoslav Banat and from Macedonia, as well as
with the status of the Serb Orthodox Church from Romanian Banat. The
Romanian Orthodox Church from the Yugoslav Banat, which was under
WKH FKXUFK MXULVGLFWLRQ RI WKH ELVKRSULFV RI $UDG DQG &DUDQVHEHü LQ
passed through a critical situation because of the expropriations made by
the Yugoslav state, as well as because of the expulsion of the Romanian
priests on the reason that they were propagating anti-state ideas etc during
the first inter-war years. In Macedonia, the Serb church authorities
interfered in the administrative affairs of the Romanian Orthodox Church.
According to the concord betweHQ 7DNH ,RQHVFX DQG 1LFRODH 3DåLþ WKH
clerical matter had to be solved on the basis of the reciprocity principle.
305
Both the ecclesiastic authorities and the Romanian state authorities

followed to create a vicariate, respectively a Romanian bishopric in
Yugoslav Banat which should have depended on the Serb Orthodox
Church only as concerns the spiritual problems. That demand was based
on the historical right of the Romanian Orthodox Church from Banat which
had been here since before the coming of Serbs, as well as on the
stipulations of the Paris Peace Treaty. Bucharest also pretended that its
dean, who was in the head of the Romanian Orthodox Church from
Yugoslav Banat, might have had the right to ordain the Romanian priests
from there.
The Yugoslav part rejected the Romanian demands showing that it
was impossible to be two orthodox churches on the territory of the
Yugoslav state. Belgrade agreed to allow a large autonomy to the
Romanian Orthodox Church from Yugoslav Banat provided that this
church should have been under the jurisdiction of a Serb bishop. In the
same time, the dean had not to have been a bishop and it was not admitted
his right to ordain priests. That quality was to belong to the Serb bishop
from Vršac, to whom the Romanian bishop was totally subordinated.
The Romanian church authorities brought into discussion other
proposals that were stipulating the ordainment of priests by the bishop of
&DUDQVHEHü $V FRQFHUQV WKH VXERUGLQDWLRQ RI WKH 5RPDQLDQ GHDQ LW ZDV
intended that the Romanian dean be subjected only in spiritual and
disciplinary problems to the Saint Synod from Belgrade.
A much more radical project was stipulating that the Romanians
from Yugoslav Banat should have the right to choose their own Consistor
and to organize a Diocesan Synod in concordance with the disposals of the
State and of the Regulations that were functioning for the Romanian
Orthodox Church from Transylvania till 1918. Each of the two churches
was to be under the authority of a bishop who, in spiritual, dogmatic,
disciplinary problems, was subordinated to the Saint Synod of the place.
In the fourth decade, there appeared the formula of “Mixed Synod”.
The two parts reached to a concord which, unfortunately, was never
respected.
Certainly, the problem of creation of an Episcopal vicariate at Vršac
SURYRNHG QXPHURXV GLVFXVVLRQV 7KH <XJRVODY )RUHLJQ 0LQLVWHU -HYWLþ
pointed out the fact that the spiritual competence of the Romanian
Orthodox Church from Yugoslav Banat should have been limited by the
306
Rezumat
state sovereignty as to avoid creation of a dangerous precedent. The

existence of a foreign bishopric was approved neither by the political
factors from Bucharest because such claim could have been solicited also by
the representatives of other national minorities (Hungarians, Russians).
Bucharest accused Belgrade that it did not wish to solve the church
problem. The Romanian part also emphasized that Yugoslav authorities
followed the break off the traditional link between church and school, as it
had been VWLSXODWHGLQûDJXQD·VVWDWXWHE\VHSDUDWLQJWKHFKXUFKPDWWHUE\
the school one. Certainly, this latter accusation can be combated by
invoking the modern principle that was stipulating the separation of
education by church.
Anyway, we have to notice that the reciprocity principle that had to
be at the basis of solving that problem did not function, the Serb Orthodox
&KXUFKIURP5RPDQLDQ%DQDWKDYLQJDYLFDULDWHDW7LPLüRDUDWKDWHQMRLQHG
numerous rights (Romanian Vicariate from Belgrade was founded in the
‘70’s).
It is also obvious that Romanian diplomacy did not succeed in
solving the statute of the Romanian Orthodox Church from Yugoslav Banat
in the inter-war period.
As concerns Macedonia, the matters were much more complicated.
The two parts decided to solve the problem of the Romanian Orthodox
Church after they had concluded a convention regarding the two parts of
Banat. In those conditions, at the end of the ‘30’s, few cult places that had
belonged to the Romanian Orthodox Church were maintained.
Despite these divergent problems, the two churches tried to
collaborate in different problems of common interest or to mediate the
solving of some existent conflicts among other sister churches.
In the same time, there were contacts between the representatives of
the two churches along the development of the canonic visits made by the
5RPDQLDQELVKRSVIURP$UDGDQG&DUDQVHEHüLQ<XJRVODY%DQDWDVZHOODV
those of the Serb bishops in Romanian Banat.
The situation of the Romanian schools from the Yugoslav Banat and
from Macedonia was not better. The Romanian confessional schools
became state schools. The Romanian teachers were obliged to learn Serb
and to take Serb language, literature and history exams. The Romanian
education from Yugoslav Banat confronted also with an acute lack of
school books. Facing that situation, many teachers took refuge in Romania.
307
,Q7DNH,RQHVFXDQG1LNROD3DåLþHVWDEOLVKHGWKHEHJLQQLQJRI
negotiations for solving the problem of the Romanian schools from
Yugoslav Banat, of a department of teaching in Romanian at a normal Serb
school.
At the beginning, Belgrade refused the idea of the Romanian
confessional schools. It determined the Romanian authorities to propose
foundation of Romanian primary lay schools, formation of a Romanian
general school committee which had to supervise and to control those
schools, as well as to recommend the institutors. N. Titulescu combated the
idea of the Romanian school committee showing that other governments
could interfere into Romania’s internal affairs (on the basis of appliance of
reciprocity principle) using that committee.
The Yugoslav authorities also proposed the foundation of particular
primary schools led and supported by the Romanian community.
Bucharest asked that these schools be subsidized by the Yugoslav state on
the base of reciprocity according to the stipulations of the Saint Germain
Peace Treaty.
Because of the fact that the school conventions from 1923 and 1927
were not applied, in 1933 a new convention was signed. It was stipulating
the existence of state schools with Romanian, and respectively Serb
teaching languages, and classes taught in the official language starting from
the third form. Yugoslavia’s history and geography were to be taught in
Serb, respectively in Romanian. The primary schools of minority were to be
founded in the localities where there were at least twenty Romanian
children, respectively Serb children. Regarding the school books it was
accepted to bring them from Romania, respectively from Yugoslavia. To
the completion of the teacher vacant positions it was allowed coming of
contractual teachers from Romania, respectively from Yugoslavia. The
primary schools of minority were to develop their activity under direct
control of the respective state. The convention was also stipulating the
conditions in which the teachers from the two parts of Banat had to prepare
themselves.
Although there were discontents of both parts as concerns the
application of the school convention (in Romanian Banat especially in the
Iron Gates region), the achievement of that agreement, as well as the
coming of Romanian contractual teachers in Yugoslav Banat determined
improvement of Romanian education in that Yugoslav province.
308
Rezumat
During the inter-war period, the Romanian authorities followed to

retrieve the cultural values that were taken from Banat in 1919 by the Serb
occupation troops.
On the occasion of the visit made in Belgrade by Nicolae Titulescu at
the end of 1932, it was decided to make some common approaches to find
and to bring into the country the objects that were belonging to the
collections of the Museum of Banat from 7LPLüRDUDDVZHOODVWKHDUFKLYH
funds that had been transported on the territory of the neighbored country.
The approaches made by the director of the Museum of Banat from
7LPLüRDUD , 0LORLD UHPDLQHG ZLWKRXW DQ\ UHVXOW VR WKDW WKLV LPSRUWDQW
cultural institution from Banat remained for ever without numerous
valuable objects.
As concerns the archive funds, part of it came back in Romania in the
second half of the fourth decade.
In the period that we are analyzing, there were tight cultural
connections among the institutions and the intellectuals from Romania and
the Romanians from Yugoslav Banat.
In the same time, the Romanian authorities supported the cultural
activities of the Romanians from that province. Thus, despite some
obstacles made by the Serb authorities, there were sent books to enrich the
communal libraries of the Romanian localities. The cultural society “Astra”
benefited of the help of the Royal Romanian Foundation, and the important
publication “The Hope” was financially supported by some personalities of
the Romanian cultural life as to continue to be published.
A series of works regarding the history of the Romanians from
Yugoslav Banat were issued. Sociological studies concerning the economic,
social and cultural situation of those Romanians were also made.
The choral groups (extremely numerous) from Yugoslav Banat made
tours in Romania (especially in Romanian Banat), and those from Romania
were present in localities from Yugoslav Banat. Certainly, the help that
Bucharest offered to the Romanians from Yugoslav Banat did not reach the
level expected by them.
Strong cultural connections existed also between Yugoslavia and
the Serbs from Romanian Banat. The Yugoslav authorities offered a
series of advantageous conditions to the choral and theatrical groups
that were going into Romania. Important choirs from Yugoslavia
participated to the anniversary of the great historical and religious
309
moments. We have to point out also the fact that the Serbs from
Romanian Banat developed a rich cultural activity through lecturing
societies, numerous choirs, amateur theatrical groups, women’s
associations. The Serb Orthodox Church from Romania played an
important role in the developing of the Serb cultural life.
Even if there were a series of divergences between Romania and
Yugoslavia related to the statute of the schools and churches from
Romanian Banat and from Serb Banat, as well as from Macedonia, during
the inter-war period there were cultural contacts in many domains. As the
intellectuals from the two states emphasized, they had to be intensified so
to get to a better knowledge of the history and culture of the two
neighbored peoples. The foundation of some Romanian-Yugoslav cultural
associations constituted a first step towards that direction, but the war
breaking out cancelled all those efforts.
The close economical structures of the two states influenced the
commercial exchanges between them.
In the first years of the inter-war period, the Romanian exporters on
the Yugoslav market recorded significant losses because of maximum
tariffs practiced by the authorities of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and
Slovenes, while the Yugoslav goods that came into Romania enjoined a
unique custom tariff. In view to remedy those situations, at the end of 1922,
the Romanian government proposed to the Yugoslav government to
conclude a provisory commercial commitment based on the most favored
nation clause. After a series of tergiversations of the Yugoslav part,
Belgrade decided to apply a minimal tariff to the Romanian goods in
March, 1925. But to the end of 1928, the relations between the two
neighbored states were too little developed. This fact had been emphasized
also by the Yugoslav FRUHLJQ 0LQLVWHU 9 0DULQNRYLþ 5HIHUULQJ WR WKH
commercial relations at the border region between the two states, the
Yugoslav diplomat was considering them as being inexistent.
As concerns the products that constituted the object of commerce
between the two states, they were generally the same during the whole
inter-war period. In the same time, the similar character of the economies of
the two countries made that Romania and Yugoslavia compete themselves
also on the world market exporting the same categories of goods.
Starting the crisis, the two governments began negotiations for
concluding an economic treaty. The Yugoslav part wanted the two
310
Rezumat
governments adopt common measures as to defend themselves against the

competition of foreign goods. In this direction, it was necessary a unique
economic territory from the Black Sea to the Adriatic Sea, where
preferential tariffs were functioning, as well as a Custom Union that was to
represent the basis of a union of the Central Europe’s states, in which
Yugoslavia and Romania should play the main role.
In summer of 1930, the two governments concluded an economic
provisory commitment on the base of the most favored nation clause. That
document was renewed in 1932. At the beginning of the fourth decade, it
was also discussed the project of achievement of a custom union between
the two states that was not gotten in a favorable manner by the farmers
from Romania.
In 1935, a clearing agreement was signed by Bucharest and Belgrade,
and in March, 1937 it was also signed a commercial convention, an
establishment, and commerce and navigation contract between the two
states. Also so to intensify the commercial relations between Romania and
Yugoslavia, The Yugoslav Committee for promoting the relationship with
Romania and The Yugoslav-Romanian Commerce Chamber were founded.
Despite those efforts, the commercial exchanges between the two
states were modest enough during the inter-war period, firstly owed to
their similar economic structures. The interests that each state had to
protect their own goods added to that.
Starting from 1932, in conditions of worsening of the international
situation, the commercial exchanges of raw materials necessary to the two
armies intensified. Yugoslavia was importing oil, gas etc from Romania
and it was exporting electrolytic copper into Romania. Even if the terms
fixed for delivering those raw materials were not always respected, the two
parts acquitted themselves of their obligations that they had assumed
themselves. Anyway, after Anschluss, and after the conquest of Poland, it
was recorded a delicate increase of the volume of commerce between
Romania and Yugoslavia. The two parts were confronted with a massive
increase of prices after the war breaking, as well as with lack of foreign
currency, fact that determined the Romanian authorities to think of the
negotiation of a clearing agreement and of the fixation of some export
contingents. But the events from August, 1940 from Romania baffled those
projects.
311
The economic collaboration did rise to the waited level neither within
the Little Entente nor within the Balkan Entente. The economic interests of
each state that were not always in concordance with those of the other
partners, the different economic structures of the states belonging to the
two alliances constituted the main causes of not achieving a profitable
collaboration within the Little Entente and the Balkan Entente.
During the economic crisis, Belgrade and Bucharest made a series of
approaches as to establish some equitable rapports among the prices of the
agriculture products that they were exporting and those of the industrial
finite products that the two states were obliged to import from the
industrialized countries. The fact that these rejected those initiatives had
negative repercussions on the economies of the two states.
The division of Banat between the two states raised the problem of
the properties that the Romanian and Serb citizens who were living close to
the border had in the neighbored state. The matter was solved through
long negotiations, but the stipulations of the agreements were not always
respected by the Yugoslav authorities.
There were dissensions also as concerns the circulation on the river
Bega. The factors of responsibility from Belgrade tergiversated to solve that
matter. We believe that, during the inter-war period, Belgrade did not pay
a major attention to the commerce that was practiced on the course of that
river, because its regard was towards the achievement of a navigation
system Danube-Tisza-Danube.
(Translated by Daniela Szentmiklosi)
312
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317

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Introducere

Concluzii ............................................................................................................ 281

Rezumat .............................................................................................................. 297

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