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Acciones de Fijación y Momentos de Empotramiento Perfecto PDF
Acciones de Fijación y Momentos de Empotramiento Perfecto PDF
Principio de Superposicin.
( )
( )
2
+ = 0
2 ( ) = 0 2 = +
2
2
De VIF 2, el momento interno 1 es
0
+ = 0
1 + (1)() = 0 1 =
1 = 1
1
1
=
= [
0
1
2 = 1
(0)() + ( +
2
1
=
= [
0
1
2
11 = 2 =
53
) ()] =
2
48
(0)(1) + ( +
1 1
1
3
= ()() =
0
3
21 = 2
2
) (1)] =
2
8
1 2
1
2
=
= ()(1) =
0
2
1
2
12 = 3 =
2 1
2
= 21 =
22 = 3 =
2 2
1
= (1)(1) =
+
= 0 (3)
48 3 2
2
2
+ = 0 (4)
8 2
Ecuaciones de equilibrio.
Las reacciones desconocidas restantes se obtienen de
+ = 0
+ = 0
+ = 0 =
2
2
+ ( ) () + = 0 =
8
2
2
8
Principio de Superposicin.
( )
( )
+ = 0
2
1 () ( ) = 0 1 =
2
2
Se retoman los momentos internos 1 y 2 de la primera deduccin.
1 1 =
2 1 = 1
0
0
1 = 1
1
1
2
4
=
= (
) () =
0
2
8
1
4
2 = 1 =
2
1
2
3
= (
) (1) =
0
2
6
3
3
21 =
2
2
12 =
2
2
22 =
4
3
2
+
= 0 (1)
8 3
2
3
2
+ = 0 (2)
6 2
2
12
Ecuaciones de equilibrio.
Por lo tanto,
+ = 0
+ = 0
+ = 0 =
2
2
2
() + = 0 =
+ ( )
12
2
2
12
Principio de Superposicin.
( )
( )
2
2
Se deduce la intensidad .
( )
2
=
=
= 2
2
2
+ 2
y su punto de aplicacin es
2
2
3 3 + 2 12
=
2
+ 2 2
+ = 0
2
2
3 3 + 2 12
2
2 ( + 2
) (
)=0
2
2
+ 2 2
2 =
2
2 +
3
2
12
0
0
Se requiere de
1
1 = [
0
2
114
) () + ( 3 2 +
) () ] =
3
3
2
12
192
1
2 = [
0
3
3
) (1) + (
3
11 =
3
3 2 +
2
21 =
2
2
12
2
12 =
2
) (1)] =
22 =
73
96
114
3
2
+
= 0 (1)
192 3
2
73
2
+ = 0 (2)
96 2
Por lo tanto,
52
=
96
=
4
Ecuaciones de equilibrio.
Finalmente, se tiene
+ = 0
+ = 0 =
4
2
4
+ = 0
52
1 2
1 1
() + = 0
+ ( ) () ( ) ( ) ( ) + ( ) () ( ) ( + ( ))
96
2
2 3 2
2
2 2 3 2
4
=
52
96
Principio de Superposicin.
( )
( )
= (4
0
4
2 2
+ 4 ) = 2 3 +
y su punto de aplicacin es
4
2 4 + 3 3
0 (4 2 2 + 4 )
=
=
4
2
2 3 + 2
0 (4 2 2 + 4 )
4
2 4 + 3 3
4 3 2 2
2 3
1 ( 2 +
) (
) = 0 1 = 2 4
4
2
3
3
3
2 3 + 2
3
Adems,
1 1 =
2 1 = 1
1 4 2 3
74
( 2
) () =
0 3
3
90
2 =
1 4 2 3
3
( 2
) (1) =
0 3
3
10
11 =
3
3
21 =
2
2
12 =
2
2
22 =
74
3
2
+
= 0 (1)
90 3
2
3
2
+ = 0 (2)
10 2
2
15
Ecuaciones de equilibrio.
La carga concentrada equivalente de la carga distribuida con intensidad parablica
es
= (4
0
2
+ 4 ) =
2
10
2
0 (4 2 2 + 4 )
1
=
= 3 =
2
2
0 (4 2 2 + 4 )
3
As que,
+ = 0
+ = 0 =
3
3
3
2 2
2
() + = 0 =
+ = 0
+ ( )
15
3
2
3
15
VIGA 5.
De forma similar a la viga 2, se tiene
11
Principio de Superposicin.
( )
( )
( )
+ = 0
() ( (
1
))
2
(
1
3 2
( ) ( ) () ( ) = 0 1 =
3
2
6
2
2 1 = 1
1 3 2
114
(
) () =
0
6
2
120
1 3 2
3
(1)
2 = (
)
=
0
6
2
8
3
11 =
3
2
21 =
2
2
12 =
2
22 =
114
3
2
+
= 0 (1)
120 3
2
3
2
+ = 0 (2)
8 2
7
20
2
20
Ecuaciones de equilibrio.
Las reacciones faltantes son
+ = 0
+ = 0
7
3
+ = 0 =
20
2
20
2
3
2
() + = 0 =
+
( )
20
2 3
20
30
13
Principio de Superposicin.
( )
( )
+ = 0
1 = 0
2
+ = 0
2 = 0 2 =
14
Se requiere de
1
1 = [
0
(0)() + ()()] =
1
2 = [
0
11 =
3
3
32
8
(0)(1) + ()(1)] =
21 =
2
2
12 =
2
2
22 =
+ = 0 (2)
2 2
3
3
=
2
2
=
4
4
Ecuaciones de equilibrio.
Las reacciones restantes desconocidas son
+ = 0
+ = 0
3
3
+ = 0 =
2
2
+ ( ) () + = 0 =
4
2
4
15
Principio de Superposicin.
( )
( )
La intensidad es
1 2
(1 2 )( )
2
1
= 1 2 +
= 2 + = 2 + 1 2 +
= 1 +
16
+ = 0
1 () (1 +
() (1 (1 +
1
2
) ( )
1 ))
2
[
1 =
2
( ) = 0
3
1 3 2 3 1 2 2 3 1 3 1 3 2 3 1 2
2
2
2
3
3
6
6
2
0
0
1 1 3 2 3 1 2
111 4 2 4
(
) () =
0
6
6
2
120
30
2 =
1 1 3 2 3 1 2
1 3 2 3
(
) (1) =
+
0
6
6
2
8
24
3
11 =
3
2
21 =
2
2
12 =
2
22 =
17
1 3 2 3
2
+
)
+ = 0 (2)
8
24
2
= (
1 2 2 2
+
)
20
30
Ecuaciones de equilibrio.
Finalmente,
+ = 0
()(1 2 )
71 32
+
2 [
] + = 0
20
20
2
= (
31 72
+
)
20
20
+ = 0
()(1 2 )
1 2 2 2
31 72
(
+
) + 2 () ( ) + (
)( ) (
+
) () + = 0
20
30
2
2
3
20
20
1 2 2 2
= (
+
)
30
20
18
Principio de Superposicin.
( )
( )
= (
0
2
1 3
) =
3 2
y su punto de aplicacin es
1
0 ( 2 2 ) 4 2 4 3
=
=
=
2
1 3 4
0 ( 2 )
3 2
19
2 1 = 1
3
3
21 =
2
2
12 =
2
2
22 =
4
3
2
+
= 0 (1)
72 3
2
3
2
+ = 0 (2)
60 2
15
2
60
Ecuaciones de equilibrio.
La fuerza resultante de la carga distribuida tipo enjuta parablica es
1
= ( 2 2 ) =
3
0
20
0 ( 2 2 ) 3
=
=
2
4
0 ( 2 )
1
4
+ = 0 =
15 3
15
2 1
3
4
2
() + = 0 =
+ = 0
+ ( )
60
3
4
15
30
VIGA 10.
Principio de Superposicin.
( )
( )
= ((1 + 2 )) = ( 2 + 1) + 2(() )
0
y su punto de aplicacin es
0 ((1 + 2 ))
0 (1 + 2 )
( 2 + 1) ( 2 + 1) 2
2
2
=
( 2 + 1) + 2(() )
+ = 0
( 2 + 1) ( 2 + 1) 2
2
2
1 [ ( 2 + 1) + 2(() )] [
]=0
2
( + 1) + 2(() )
2 ( 2 + 1) ( 2 + 1)
3
1 =
+
2 () + 2
2
2
2
Se usan los siguientes momentos internos
1 1 =
2 1 = 1
0
0
Se requiere de
1 =
1
2 ( 2 + 1) ( 2 + 1)
3
(
+
2 () + 2 ) ()
0
2
2
2
1
4 (2 + 1) 2 (2 + 1) (2 + 1) 23 () 74 2
+
+
+
]
[
8
4
24
3
16 24
22
2 =
1
2 ( 2 + 1) ( 2 + 1)
3
1
(
+
2 () + 2 ) (1) =
0
2
2
2
3 (2 + 1) (2 + 1)
() 113
2
[
+ ()
+ ]
6
2
3
18
3
3
11 =
3
2
21 =
2
2
12 =
2
22 =
+
]
8
4
24
3
16 24
+
3
2
(1)
3
2
1 3 (2 + 1) (2 + 1)
arctan() 113
[
+ 2 arctan()
+ ]
6
2
3
18
3
+ = 0 (2)
2
Por lo tanto,
=
= (1 + 2 ) = (2 + 1) + 2(() )
((1 + 2 ))
23
VIGA 11.
Principio de Superposicin.
( )
( )
+ = 0 1 = 0
24
0 +
2 1 = 1
0 +
Se requiere de
+
1
2 3
1 = [ (0)() + ( + )()] =
0
2
3
2 =
+
1
2
[ (0)(1) + ( + )(1)] =
0
2
11 =
21 =
( + )3
1 +
()() =
0
3
( + )2
1 +
()(1) =
0
2
12 = 21 =
( + )2
2
1 +
+
22 = (1)(1) =
0
+
= 0 (2)
2
2
25
(3 + ) 2 (3 + ) 2 2
2 3 2
=
=
= 3 (3( ) + ) = 2 (
)
( + )3
()3
= [ 2 (3 2 )]
2
2
2
= 2
=
= 2
+ 2 + 2 ( + )2
Ecuaciones de equilibrio.
Por lo tanto,
(3 + ) 2
+ = 0
+ = 0
( + )3
=
2 ( + 3) 2 ( + 3) 2
2
(3 2)
=
=
(
+
3(
))
=
( + )3
3
3
3
=
2 3 2
2
(
)
=
[
(3 2 )]
2
2
+ = 0
2
2 ( + 3)
( + ) + = 0
+
( + )2
( + )3
=
2
2
=
( + )2
2
26
Principio de Superposicin.
( )
27
+ = 0
1 = 0
+
+ = 0
2 cos = 0 2 = cos
+ = 0
1 + 1 = 0 1 = 1
La ecuacin de compatibilidad para el desplazamiento horizontal en es
1 + 2 = (1)
Expresando la ecuacin (1) en trminos de la incgnita se tiene
1 + 11 = 0 (2)
La incompatibilidad geomtrica es
2
1 =
1
(0)(1)
( cos )(1)
cos
o tambin
1 =
El coeficiente de flexibilidad es
28
11 =
1
(1)(1)
o tambin
11 =
(1)(1)( + ) +
=
=
cos +
+
=0
cos
cos ( cos )()
=
=
=
+
+
( cos )()
+ = 0
Sumando los resultados de las vigas a y b se obtienen las reacciones de la viga 12.
VIGA 13.
29
Principio de Superposicin.
( )
( )
+ = 0
2 + = 0 2 =
0 +
2 1 = 1
0 +
30
+
(2 + )()
1
[ (0)() + ()()] =
0
2
2 =
+
1
[ (0)(1) + ()(1)] =
0
2
( + )2
21 =
2
( + )2
12 =
2
22 =
( + )2
+
+
= 0
2
2
Al resolver el sistema da
=
=
6
6
6
=
( + )3
3
3
(2 )() (2 )() 2
=
=
(
)
( + )2
2 + 2 + 2
2( )
3
(
)=
( 2) |
Ecuaciones de equilibrio.
|
|
6
6
= 0 =
3
+ = 0
(2 )()
6
( + ) + = 0
( 2
)
+
( + )3
+ 2 + 2
31
( 2) + 2
+ 2( )
=
(
)=
(
)
2
( + )
2 3
3
(
)=
(2 )
VIGA 14.
Principio de Superposicin.
( )
3
11 =
3
53
3
+
= 0 (2)
48 3
53
= 48
16
Ecuaciones de equilibrio.
Por lo tanto,
+ = 0
5
11
+ = 0 =
16
16
11
3
+ = 0 ( ) () + = 0 =
2
16
16
o tambin
33
Principio de Superposicin.
( )
4
8
11 =
3
3
4
3
+
= 0 (1)
8 3
y resolverla, se tiene
4
= 8
3
=
8
Ecuaciones de equilibrio.
+ = 0
3
5
+ = 0 =
8
8
5
2
+ = 0 ( ) () + = 0 =
2
8
8
34
o tambin
VIGA 16.
W
Principio de Superposicin.
( )
114
192
11 =
3
3
114
3
+
=0
192 3
y resolverla, se tiene
114
= 192
11
3 = 64
3
Ecuaciones de equilibrio.
Finalmente,
+ = 0
11
21
+ = 0 =
64
2
64
+ = 0
1 2
1 1
21
52
() + = 0 =
( ) () ( ) ( ) ( ) + ( ) () ( ) ( + ( ))
2
2 3 2
2
2 2 3 2
64
64
o tambin
36
Principio de Superposicin.
( )
74
90
11 =
3
3
74
3
+
= 0 (1)
90 3
resulta
74
7
= 903 =
30
3
37
3
30
30
2
13
2
+ = 0 ( ) () + = 0 =
3
2
30
10
o tambin
VIGA 18.
Principio de Superposicin.
( )
38
114
120
11 =
3
3
114
3
+
= 0 (1)
120 3
y resolverla, obtenemos
114
= 120
11
40
Ecuaciones de equilibrio.
Por lo tanto,
+ = 0
11
9
+
+ = 0 =
2
40
40
9
72
+ = 0
( ) () + = 0 =
2 3
40
120
o tambin
39
Principio de Superposicin.
( )
3
11 =
3
4
3
+
= 0 (1)
72 3
4
= 72
1
3 = 24
3
Ecuaciones de equilibrio.
+ = 0
7
+
+ = 0 =
3
24
24
40
+ = 0
3
7
2
( ) () + = 0 =
3 4
24
24
o tambin
41
Principio de Superposicin.
=
=
1 1
+ = 0 1 () ( ) ( ) ( ) = 0 1 = 3
2 3
6
Se formula el momento interno con base en VIF 2.
0
+ = 0
1 + (1)() = 0 1 =
42
4
3
+
= 0 (1)
30 3
y resolverla se tiene
4
= 30
1
3 = 10
3
Ecuaciones de equilibrio.
Finalmente,
+ = 0
2
+
+ = 0 =
2
10
5
2
2
2
+ = 0
( ) () + = 0 =
2 3
5
15
43
REFERENCIAS
1.
2.
44