Thermodynamic Data at 1 atm and 25C*

Inorganic Substances
Substance

DHf (kJ/mol)

DGf (kJ/mol)

S (J/K ? mol)

Ag(s)
Ag1(aq)
AgCl(s)
AgBr(s)
AgI(s)
AgNO3(s)
Al(s)
Al31(aq)
Al2O3(s)
As(s)
AsO342(aq)
AsH3(g)
H3AsO4(s)
Au(s)
Au2O3(s)
AuCl(s)
AuCl3(s)
B(s)
B2O3(s)
H3BO3(s)
H3BO3(aq)
Ba(s)
Ba21(aq)
BaO(s)
BaCl2(s)
BaSO4(s)
BaCO3(s)
Be(s)
BeO(s)
Br2(l)
Br2(aq)
HBr(g)
C(graphite)
C(diamond)
CO(g)
CO2(g)
CO2(aq)
CO232(aq)

0
105.9
2127.0
299.5
262.4
2123.1
0
2524.7
21669.8
0
2870.3
171.5
2900.4
0
80.8
235.2
2118.4
0
21263.6
21087.9
21067.8
0
2538.4
2558.2
2860.1
21464.4
21218.8
0
2610.9
0
2120.9
236.2
0
1.90
2110.5
2393.5
2412.9
2676.3

0
77.1
2109.7
295.9
266.3
232.2
0
2481.2
21576.4
0
2635.97

42.7
73.9
96.1
107.1
114.2
140.9
28.3
2313.38
50.99
35.15
2144.77

0
163.2

0
21184.1
2963.16
2963.3
0
2560.66
2528.4
2810.66
21353.1
21138.9
0
2581.58
0
2102.8
253.2
0
2.87
2137.3
2394.4
2386.2
2528.1

47.7
125.5

6.5
54.0
89.58
159.8
66.9
12.55
70.3
125.5
132.2
112.1
9.5
14.1
152.3
80.7
198.48
5.69
2.4
197.9
213.6
121.3
253.1

*The thermodynamic quantities of ions are based on the reference states that DHf [H1(aq)] 5 0, DGf [H1(aq)] 5 0,
and S[H1(aq)] 5 0 (see p. 807).
(Continued)

A-8

Appendix 3

Substance
HCO2
3 (aq)
H2CO3(aq)
CS2(g)
CS2(l)
HCN(aq)
CN2(aq)
(NH2)2CO(s)
(NH2)2CO(aq)
Ca(s)
Ca21(aq)
CaO(s)
Ca(OH)2(s)
CaF2(s)
CaCl2(s)
CaSO4(s)
CaCO3(s)
Cd(s)
Cd21(aq)
CdO(s)
CdCl2(s)
CdSO4(s)
Cl2(g)
Cl2(aq)
HCl(g)
Co(s)
Co21(aq)
CoO(s)
Cr(s)
Cr21(aq)
Cr2O3(s)
CrO422(aq)
Cr2O722(aq)
Cs(s)
Cs1(aq)
Cu(s)
Cu1(aq)
Cu21(aq)
CuO(s)
Cu2O(s)
CuCl(s)
CuCl2(s)
CuS(s)
CuSO4(s)
F2(g)
F2(aq)
HF(g)
Fe(s)
Fe21(aq)

DHf (kJ/mol)

DGf (kJ/mol)

S (J/K ? mol)

2691.1
2699.7
115.3
87.3
105.4
151.0
2333.19
2319.2
0
2542.96
2635.6
2986.6
21214.6
2794.96
21432.69
21206.9
0
272.38
2254.6
2389.1
2926.17
0
2167.2
292.3
0
267.36
2239.3
0
2138.9
21128.4
2863.16
21460.6
0
2247.69
0
51.88
64.39
2155.2
2166.69
2134.7
2205.85
248.5
2769.86
0
2329.1
2271.6
0
287.86

2587.1
2623.2
65.1
63.6
112.1
165.69
2197.15
2203.84
0
2553.0
2604.2
2896.8
21161.9
2750.19
21320.3
21128.8
0
277.7
2225.06
2342.59
2820.2
0
2131.2
295.27
0
251.46
2213.38
0

94.98
187.4
237.8
151.0
128.9
117.99
104.6
173.85
41.6
255.2
39.8
83.4
68.87
113.8
106.69
92.9
51.46
261.09
54.8
118.4
137.2
223.0
56.5
187.0
28.45
155.2
43.9
23.77

21046.8
2706.26
21257.29
0
2282.0
0
50.2
64.98
2127.2
2146.36
2118.8
?
249.0
2661.9
0
2276.48
2270.7
0
284.9

81.17
38.49
213.8
82.8
133.05
33.3
226.4
299.6
43.5
100.8
91.6
?
66.5
113.39
203.34
29.6
173.5
27.2
2113.39
(Continued)

A-9

A-10

Appendix 3

Substance

DHf (kJ/mol)

Fe31(aq)
FeO(s)
Fe2O3(s)
Fe(OH)2(s)
Fe(OH)3(s)
H(g)
H2(g)
H1(aq)
OH2(aq)
H2O(g)
H2O(l)
H2O2(l)
Hg(l)
Hg21(aq)
HgO(s)
HgCl2(s)
Hg2Cl2(s)
HgS(s)
HgSO4(s)
Hg2SO4(s)
I2(s)
I2(aq)
HI(g)
K(s)
K1(aq)
KOH(s)
KCl(s)
KClO3(s)
KClO4(s)
KBr(s)
KI(s)
KNO3(s)
Li(s)
Li1(aq)
Li2O(s)
LiOH(s)
Mg(s)
Mg21(aq)
MgO(s)
Mg(OH)2(s)
MgCl2(s)
MgSO4(s)
MgCO3(s)
Mn(s)
Mn21(aq)
MnO2(s)
N2(g)
N2
3 (aq)

247.7
2272.0
2822.2
2568.19
2824.25
218.2
0
0
2229.94
2241.8
2285.8
2187.6
0
290.7
2230.1
2264.9
258.16
2704.17
2741.99
0
255.9
25.9
0
2251.2
2425.85
2435.87
2391.20
2433.46
2392.17
2327.65
2492.7
0
2278.46
2595.8
2487.2
0
2461.96
2601.8
2924.66
2641.8
21278.2
21112.9
0
2218.8
2520.9
0
245.18

DGf (kJ/mol)

S (J/K ? mol)

210.5
2255.2
2741.0
2483.55
?
203.2
0
0
2157.30
2228.6
2237.2
2118.1
0
2164.38
258.5

2293.3
60.8
90.0
79.5
?
114.6
131.0
0
210.5
188.7
69.9
?
77.4

2210.66
248.8

196.2
77.8

2623.92
0
251.67
1.30
0
2282.28

200.75
116.7
109.37
206.3
63.6
102.5

2408.3
2289.9
2304.18
2379.2
2322.29
2393.1
0
2293.8
?
2443.9
0
2456.0
2569.6
2833.75
2592.3
21173.6
21029.3
0
2223.4
2466.1
0
?

82.68
142.97
151.0
96.4
104.35
132.9
28.0
14.2
?
50.2
32.5
2117.99
26.78
63.1
89.5
91.6
65.69
31.76
283.68
53.1
191.5
?

72.0

(Continued)

Appendix 3

Substance

DHf (kJ/mol)

NH3(g)
NH1
4 (aq)
NH4Cl(s)
NH3(aq)
N2H4(l )
NO(g)
NO2(g)
N2O4(g)
N2O(g)
HNO2(aq)
HNO3(l )
NO2
3 (aq)
Na(s)
Na1(aq)
Na2O(s)
NaCl(s)
NaI(s)
Na2SO4(s)
NaNO3(s)
Na2CO3(s)
NaHCO3(s)
Ni(s)
Ni21(aq)
NiO(s)
Ni(OH)2(s)
O(g)
O2(g)
O3(aq)
O3(g)
P(white)
P(red )
PO342(aq)
P4O10(s)
PH3(g)
HPO422(aq)
H2PO2
4 (aq)
Pb(s)
Pb21(aq)
PbO(s)
PbO2(s)
PbCl2(s)
PbS(s)
PbSO4(s)
Pt(s)
PtCl242(aq)
Rb(s)
Rb1(aq)
S(rhombic)

246.3
2132.80
2315.39
280.3
50.4
90.4
33.85
9.66
81.56
2118.8
2173.2
2206.57
0
2239.66
2415.9
2411.0
2288.0
21384.49
2466.68
21130.9
2947.68
0
264.0
2244.35
2538.06
249.4
0
212.09
142.2
0
218.4
21284.07
23012.48
9.25
21298.7
21302.48
0
1.6
2217.86
2276.65
2359.2
294.3
2918.4
0
2516.3
0
2246.4
0

DGf (kJ/mol)

S (J/K ? mol)

216.6
279.5
2203.89
226.5

193.0
112.8
94.56
111.3

86.7
51.8
98.29
103.6
253.6
279.9
2110.5
0
2261.87
2376.56
2384.0

210.6
240.46
304.3
219.99
155.6
146.4
51.05
60.25
72.8
72.38

21266.8
2365.89
21047.67
2851.86
0
246.4
2216.3
2453.1
230.1
0
16.3
163.4
0
13.8
21025.59

149.49
116.3
135.98
102.09
30.1
2159.4
38.58
79.5
160.95
205.0
110.88
237.6
44.0
29.3
2217.57

18.2
21094.1
21135.1
0
224.3
2188.49
2218.99
2313.97
292.68
2811.2
0
2384.5
0
2282.2
0

210.0
235.98
89.1
64.89
21.3
69.45
76.57
136.4
91.2
147.28
41.84
175.7
69.45
124.27
31.88
(Continued)

A-11

A-12

Appendix 3

Substance
S(monoclinic)
SO2(g)
SO3(g)
SO232(aq)
SO242(aq)
H2S(g)
HSO2
3 (aq)
HSO2
4 (aq)
H2SO4(l)
SF6(g)
Si(s)
SiO2(s)
Sr(s)
Sr21(aq)
SrCl2(s)
SrSO4(s)
SrCO3(s)
Zn(s)
Zn21(aq)
ZnO(s)
ZnCl2(s)
ZnS(s)
ZnSO4(s)

DH8f (kJ/mol)

DG8f (kJ/mol)

S8 (J/K ? mol)

0.30
2296.4
2395.2
2624.25
2907.5
220.15
2627.98
2885.75
2811.3
21096.2
0
2859.3
0
2545.5
2828.4
21444.74
21218.38
0
2152.4
2348.0
2415.89
2202.9
2978.6

0.10
2300.4
2370.4
2497.06
2741.99
233.0
2527.3
2752.87
?
?
0
2805.0
0
2557.3
2781.15
21334.28
21137.6
0
2147.2
2318.2
2369.26
2198.3
2871.6

32.55
248.5
256.2
43.5
17.15
205.64
132.38
126.86
?
?
18.70
41.84
54.39
239.33
117.15
121.75
97.07
41.6
2106.48
43.9
108.37
57.7
124.7

Organic Substances
Substance

Formula

Acetic acid(l)
Acetaldehyde(g)
Acetone(l)
Acetylene(g)
Benzene(l)
Butane(g)
Ethanol(l)
Ethane(g)
Ethylene(g)
Formic acid(l)
Glucose(s)
Methane(g)
Methanol(l)
Propane(g)
Sucrose(s)

CH3COOH
CH3CHO
CH3COCH3
C2H2
C6H6
C4H10
C2H5OH
C2H6
C2H4
HCOOH
C6H12O6
CH4
CH3OH
C3H8
C12H22O11

DHf (kJ/mol)

DGf (kJ/mol)

S (J/K ? mol)

2484.2
2166.35
2246.8
226.6
49.04
2124.7
2276.98
284.7
52.3
2409.2
21274.5
274.85
2238.7
2103.9
22221.7

2389.45
2139.08
2153.55
209.2
124.5
215.7
2174.18
232.89
68.1
2346.0
2910.56
250.8
2166.3
223.5
21544.3

159.8
264.2
198.7
200.8
172.8
310.0
161.0
229.5
219.5
129.0
212.1
186.2
126.8
269.9
360.2