Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Ecuaciones Diferenciales
Ecuaciones Diferenciales
1.
1. (1 + y 2 )dx + (1 + x2 d)y = 0
y 2 (1 + x)dy = x2 (1 y )dx y2 x2 dy = dx 1y 1+x 1 1 )dy = (x 1 + ) (y 1 y1 x+1 1 1 (y + 1 + )dy = (x 1 + ) y1 x+1 ydy + dy + 1 dy = y1 xdx dx + 1 dx x+1
3. x
x dx + 1 + x2 1
a sec(t) tan(t)dt = 0
sec(z ) + sec(t) = 0 x2 + 1 + 4. ey (1 + y ) = 1 (1 + y ) = ey dx + dy = dxey dy = dx ey 1 ey =x+C 1 ey ln(1 ey ) x = C 5. y = ax+y dy = ax ay dx dy = ax dx ay ax ay =C ln a ln a ax + ay = C 6. (1 + ex )yy = ey (1 + ex )y dy = ey dx ydy dx = ey (1 + ex ) dv = dy u = e y ey dy = dw = ex dx dw w(1 + w) dw w+1 y2 + 1 = C
v=y du = e
y
ex = w yey +
yey ey =
dw w
ey (y + 1) = ln ex ln ex + 1 x ln(ex + 1) + ey (y + 1) = C 2
7. (xy 2 y 2 + x 1)dx + (x2 y 2xy + x2 2y 2x + 2)dy = 0 [y 2 (x 1) + (x 1)]dx + [y (x2 2x + 2) + x2 2x + 2]dy = 0 (y 2 + 1)(x 1)dx + (y + 1)(x2 2x + 2)dy = 0 1 2 y = a tan(z ) 1 ln(x2 2x + 2) + 2 x(x 1)dx + (x2 2x + 2) y+1 dy y2 + 1 dy = a sec2 (z )dz tan z + 1 sec2 zdz tan2 (z + 1)
1 1 ln(x2 2x + 2) + ln(y 2 + 1) + arctan y = C 2 2 ln(x2 2x + 2)(y 2 + 1) + 2 arctan y = C 8. y = ax + by + c dy = axdx + bydx + cdx u = ax + by + c 1 du ( a) = u b dx du a = ub + a dx du = dx bu + a 1 ln(ub + a) x = C b ub + a ebx = C b(ax + by + c) + a ebx = C 9. (1 y )ey y +
y2 x ln x
du dy =a+b dx dx
=0 (1 y )ey dy dx + =0 y2 x ln x (y 1)ey dy + y2 dx =0 x ln x
ey + ln(ln x) = C y
x2 =C 2
x dt t t + (t 1)2 x( dx 2 ) = 0 x x dt (1 + t2 )t + (t 1)2 (x t) = 0 dx dt (1 + t2 )t + x(t 1)2 t(t 1)2 = 0 dx dt t3 + 2t2 t = 0 t + t3 + x(t 1)2 dx (t 1)2 dt dx +2 =0 t2 x dt dt dx dt 2 + +2 =0 t t2 x 1 + 2 ln x = C t 1 xy 2 ln xy + 2 ln x = C xy t 2 ln t
12. (x6 2x5 + 2x4 y 3 + 4x2 y )dx + (xy 2 4x3 )dy = 0 y = tx dy = tdx + xdt
(x6 2x5 + 2x4 t3 x3 + 4x3 t)dx + (xt2 x2 4x3 )(tdx + xdt) = 0 (x3 2x2 + 2x t3 + 4t + t3 4t)dx + (t2 4)(xdt) = 0 (x2 2x + 2)dx + (t2 4)dt = 0
x3 t3 x2 + 2x + 4t = C 3 3 3 y x3 y x2 + 2 x + 3 4 = C 3 3x x 13. (ln x + y 3 )dx 3xy 2 dy = 0 u = ln x + y 3 1 du = + 3y 2 y dx x u 3xy 2 y = 0 xdu 1) = 0 dx udx (xdu + dx) = 0 u( dx x du =0 u+1 xdu 1 = 3xy 2 y dx
dx adx = x ax + 1
y + sen
x y x y x y x y cos + cos sen = sen cos cos sen 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 y + 2 sen x y cos = 0 2 2 x dy + 2 cos dx = 0 sen y 2 2 x cos dx = 0 2
y csc dy + 2 2 2
2.
1. 4x 3y + y (2y 3x) = 0
2 ln x + ln(t2 3t + 2) = C y y 2 ln x + ln( )2 3 + 2 x x ln(y 2 3xy + 2x2 ) = C 2. 4x2 xy + y 2 + y (x2 xy + 4y 2 ) = 0 (4x2 xy + y 2 )dx + (x2 xy + 4y 2 )dy = 0 y = tx
2 2 2 2 2 2
dy = tdx + xdt
(4x x t + x t )dx + (x x t + 4x2 t2 )(tdx + xdt) = 0 (4 t + t2 )dx + (1 t + 4t2 )(tdx + xdt) = 0 4(t3 + 1)dx + (4t2 t + 1)xdt = 0
dx + x 4 ln x + (
(y + x)(y 3 + x3 ) = C 3. y =
2xy 3x 2 y 2
xt3 =C t2 1 y2 y3 x2
ln
t2 x2 x2 )dx + xdt t t+ dt =0 t2 x2 x2
t2 x2 x2 = C 1 ln(t + 2 t 2 x2 x2 )
t2 1 7
ln
x3 y+ x3 y2 y 2 x2 x2 +
y2 y + 2 =C 2 x2 sx y 2 x2 =C 2x2
ln
y2 + y
y+
5. (y 4 3x2 )dy = xydx y = ta dy = ata1 dt (t4a 3x2 )ata1 dt = xta dx at5a1 dt 3ax2 ta1 dt + xta dx = 0 1 1 1 3 (t 2 3x2 t 2 )dt + xt 2 dx = 0 2 (t2 3x2 )dt + 2xtdx = 0 (t2 3z 2 t2 )dt + 2zt2 (zdt + tdz ) = 0 (1 3z 2 )dt + 2z (zdt + tdz = 0) dt + t y2
x 2 y 4 y4
2zdz =0 1 z2
ln t ln(z 2 1) = C =C
x2 6. (y xy )2 = x2 + y 2 y = tx yx
y6 =C y4
dy = tdx + xdt dy = dx x2 + y 2 x2 + t2 x2 dx 1 + t2
dt =0 1 + t2 1 + t2 ) = C
x2 + y 2 )) = C x x2 + y 2 = C 8
y+
7. 2x + 2y 1 + y (x + y 2) + 0 x+y =t dx + dy = dt
t dt x t+1
ln xy ln
x 1 x ln( 2 2 + xy 2 x y x 1 1 ln( 2 + 2 xy 9
(x + t3a )dx + (3t5a 3t2a x)dy = 0 (x + t3a )dx + (3t6a1 3xt3a1 )adt = 0 (x + t)dx + (t x)dt = 0 (ut + t)(udy + ydu) + (t ut)dt = 0 u(u + 1)dt + t(u + 1)du + (1 u)dt = 0 dt + t ln t + ln y 3 + u2 u+1 du = 0 u2 + 1 u2 du =C +1
u du + +1
1 x x ln( 3 + 1) + arctan 3 = C 2 y y
1 dt + t2 3t + 2 2
1 3 ln(t2 3t + 2) + 2 2
1 dt + ln(t2 + 2t + 1) = C 2 (t + 1) 2
1 2t + ln(t2 + 2t + 1) = C t+1 2 x+y1 1 y2 2 y2 ln(x + 1) + ln[( ) + 2( ) + 1) = C 2(y 2) 2 x+1 x+1 12. y cos xdx + (2y sen x)dy = 0 z = sen x y= t z dz = cos xdx dy = zdt + tdz tzdz + (2tz z )(tdz + zdt) = 0 (t + 2t2 t) + (2t 1)zdt = 0 dz + z ln z + 1 2 2t 1 =0 2t2 dt t dt =C 2t2
1 1 ln t + =C 2 2t 1 y sen x ln sen x + ln + =C 2 sen x 2y ln z + sen x 1 ln sen xy + =C 2 2y 13. y 3 dy + 3y 2 xdx + 2x3 dx = 0 y = tx dy = tdx + xdt
t4
t3 dt = 0 + 3t2 + 1 t3
5 2
11
3.
1. x(2x2 + y 2 ) + y (x2 + 2y 2 )y = 0
x2 y 2 y4 + 2 2
x2 y 2 y4 x4 + + =C 2 2 2 x4 + y 2 + x2 y 2 = C 2. (
x x2 +y 2
1 x
1 +y )dx + (
y x2 +y 2
1 y
x y 2 )dy
Py =
y2 1 3 2 2 2 y 2 (x + y ) ( x x2 + y 2 +
Px =
y2 1 3 2 2 2 y 2 (x + y )
1 1 + )dx x y
x dx + x2 + y 2
dx dx + x y x x2 + y 2 + ln y + = C y y x2 + y 2 y dy + + 1 x )dy y y2 dy y x dy y2
x2 + y 2
x =C y x x2 + y 2 + ln xy + = C y x2 + y 2 + ln y + 3. (2x +
x2 +y 2 x2 y )dx
x2 +y 2 xy 2 dy
1 1 Py = + 2 y x (2x + 12
1 1 Px = + 2 y x x2 + y 2 )dx x2 y
2xdx +
1 y dx dx + y x2 x y x2 + = C y x x2 + y 2 dy xy 2 x dy dy + y2 x x y + =C y x x y x2 + = C y x
Py = cos y + sen x
y sen xdx +
6.
y dx + cos2 xy y
sec2 xydx cos x = C tan xy cos x = C ( x + sen y )dy cos2 xy sen ydy
x dy + cos2 xy
tan xy cos y tan xy cos x cos y = C 7. {n cos(nx + my ) m sen(mx + ny )}dx + {(m cos(nx + my ) n sen(mx + ny )}dy = 0 Py = nm sen(nx+my )nm cos(mx+ny ) Px = nm sen(nx+my )nm cos(mx+ny )
{n cos(nx + my ) m sen(mx + ny )}dx n cos nx cos mydxn sen nx sen mydxm sen mx cos nydxm cos mx sen nydx
cos my sen nx + sen my cos nx + cos ny cos mx sen ny sen mx = C {(m cos(nx + my ) n sen(mx + ny )}dy m cos nx cos mydy m sen nx sen mydy n sen mx cos nydy n cos mx sen ydy
cos nx sen my + sen nx cos my sen mx sen ny + cos mx cos ny = C cos my sen nx + sen my cos nx + cos ny cos mx sen ny sen mx = C sen(nx + my ) + cos(mx + ny )
14
1 8. ( y sen x y
y x2
1 y 2 )dy
=0
Py = Px =
x x y y x 1 y 1 sen 3 cos 2 cos + 3 sen y2 y y y x x x x 1 x x y y x 1 y sen 3 cos 2 cos + 3 sen y2 y y y x x x x 1 y x y ( sen 2 cos + 1)dx y y x x
1 y
dx
1 x
x x sen dy + y2 y
dy dy y2
x 1 y cos = C x y y
y x 1 cos + x = C x y y = (y 2 x2 ) Px = 2y = e2 ln x u= 1 x2
1 2 2y (x + y 2 + 1)dx dy = 0 2 x 1 2 (x + y 2 + 1)dx 2 x y2 + 1 =C x 2y dy x y2 =C x
y2 + 1 y2 =C x x
15
10. (3x2 y + y 3 )dx + (x3 + 3xy 2 )dy = 0 Py = 3x2 + 3y 2 Px = 3x2 + 3y 2 (3x2 y + y 3 )dx x3 y + xy 3 = C (x3 + 3xy 2 )dy x3 y + xy 3 = C xy 3 + x3 y = C 11. (x2 + y )dx xdy = 0, = (x) Py = 1 e
2dx x
Px = 1 =
1 x2 y 1 (1 + 2 )dx dy x x 1 1 Py = 2 Px = 2 x x y 1 + 2 )dx x y x =C x 1 dy x y =C x y x =C x 12. (2x2 y + 2y + 5)dx + (2x3 + 2x)dy = 0, Py = 2x2 + 2 = (x) Px = 6x2 + 2
= e ln(x
+1)
u=
x2
1 +1
x2
x2
2xy + 5 arctan x = C
5 arctan x + 2xy = C 13. (x + sen x + sen y )dx + cos ydy = 0, Py = cos y cos y 0 =1 cos y u=e
dx
= (x) Px = 0
u = ex Px = ex cos y
(xex + sen xex + sen yex )dx 1 x e (2(x + sen y 1) + sen x cos x) = C 2 ex cos ydy ex sen y = C 1 ex sen y + (2(x 1) + sen x cos x) = C 2 14. (3y 2 x)dx + (2y 3 6xy )dy = 0, Py = 6y 6y (6y ) = (2y 3 6xy ) d(ln u) = 3dz z = (x + y 2 ) Px = 6y d(ln u) d ln u (3y 2 x)2y dz dz 1 ln u = 3 ln z u= (x + y 2 )3
2y 3 6xy dy (x + y 2 )3 x y2 =C (x + y 2 )3 4y 2 x y2 ln(x + y 2 ) = C (x + y 2 )3 x + y2
18