PROTAGONISTAS DEL SISTEMA: ACTORES Y PARTES

ACTORES
ESTRUCTURA HORIZONTAL

Policía Fiscal Abogado

Equipo Juez Entidades

técnico
 Profesionales no
Agentes legales juristas

Todos especializados
POLICÍA DE MENORES
o La ley no prevé funciones preventivas legalmente aunque sí en la
práctica. Policías locales  Agente Tutor

o Sus funciones son la perseguir a los delincuentes juveniles y, en su

caso, detenerlos y colaborar con el fiscal en la investigación de los
hechos durante la instrucción del procedimiento (policía judicial)

o Existen grupos especializados:

• Policía Nacional: GRUMES  UFAM

• Guardia Civil: EMUMES  PAE

o El Ministerio del Interior ha elaborado la Instrucción 11/2007, de 12 de

septiembre, en donde se desarrollaba un protocolo de actuación policial
actualizada por la Instrucción 1/2017
POLICÍA DE MENORES
o La ley no prevé funciones preventivas legalmente aunque sí en la
práctica. Policías locales  Agente Tutor

o Sus funciones son la perseguir a los delincuentes juveniles y, en su

caso, detenerlos y colaborar con el fiscal en la investigación de los
hechos durante la instrucción del procedimiento (policía judicial)

o Existen grupos especializados:

• Policía Nacional: GRUMES  UFAM

• Guardia Civil: EMUMES  PAE

o El Ministerio del Interior ha elaborado la Instrucción 11/2007, de 12 de

septiembre, en donde se desarrollaba un protocolo de actuación policial
actualizada por la Instrucción 1/2017
POLICÍA DE MENORES

Determinación edad

Declaraciones
Detención
Registros

Reconocimientos
FISCAL DE MENORES
o Garante de la legalidad y protección de los vulnerables

o Impulsa el procedimiento desde el inicio

• Decide si se incoa o no el procedimiento

• Decide si se adoptan o no medidas cautelares
• Instruye el procedimiento con la ayuda de
• de la policía judicial (para comprobar participación menor en los
hechos)
• del equipo técnico (para determinar cuál es la intervención más
adecuada a la situación psicosocial)
• Esta presente en la audiencia practicando prueba y manteniendo la
acusación
• También debe supervisar la ejecución de las medidas impuestas
JUEZ DE MENORES

o Juez de garantías

o Juez sentenciador

o Juez de ejecución

o Juez civil
LETRADO DE MENORES

o Profesional de referencia para el menor= su voz en el

procedimiento y le acompaña en todo el camino

o Se prevé su participación en todo el procedimiento

(¿siempre el mismo?)

o Misión relevante de socialización legal

o Trabaja en una cultura de conflicto

 LETRADO DE MENORES
(Cultura de conflicto)

o Con el menor. Dilema sobre cuál es su misión y cómo

atender el interés del menor.

o Con los otros profesionales que no siempre

comprenden su misión.

o Con los intereses de los padres que no siempre son

coincidentes.
ALGUNOS DATOS
¿SOBRE QUÉ HABLAN ABOGADOS Y MENORES?
SOBRE QUÉ SUELEN HABLAR

• 94,5% Delito
• 78,2% abogado oficio
• 47,3% Situación familiar
• 3,75 comunicaciones
• 52,7% Situación escolar
• 66,6 minutos juntos
• 34,5% Amigos

• 90,9% Consecuencias judiciales

• 42,7% lo conoce el día del
juicio
• 63,6% Aceptar conformidad

Fuente: Abos (2012) y Fernández-Molina et al. (2018)

 INTERACCIÓN CON EL ABOGADO

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

(1) Tipo abogado 1
(2) Contacto previo ,458** 1
(3) Versión de los ,095 ,371** 1
hechos
(4) Informado derechos ,119 ,290** ,348** 1
(5) Cómo comportarte ,253* ,197 ,113 ,293** 1
* χ² significativo p ≤ .05 ** χ² significativo p ≤ .01

Fuente: Fernández-Molina et al. (2018)

 SATISFACCIÓN
CON EL ABOGADO
Representation type -,208
Number of times you have communicated with the lawyer ,287 *

Time spent with the lawyer (in minutes) ,374 **

Talk about the crime with the lawyer ,227

Discuss the family situation with the lawyer ,470 **

Discuss the school situation with the lawyer ,199

Talk about friends with the lawyer

,337 *
Discuss possible legal
consequences with the lawyer
,106

Discuss acceptance of compliance with the lawyer

Fuente: Abos (2012) ,252
TECHNICAL TEAM

They depend on the Ministry of Justice or the department that has

jurisdiction over justice.

They are attached to the juvenile court but functionally depend on the
juvenile prosecutor's office.

Formed by psychologist, social worker and social educator, criminologist?

Technically assists the judge and the prosecutor in assessing the

psychosocial situation of the minor
TECHNICAL TEAM
o They do this in a report that they must prepare in 10 days or 1
month if it is a complex case.

o This report covers the entire psychosocial situation of the minor:

o Individual aspects (psychological, physical and mental health)

o Family situation
o School situation
o Friends
o Neighborhood

o In that report he proposes a response (dismissal or measure)

EQUIPO TÉCNICO
They also intervene…

If psychological support is required during detention

If a precautionary measure has to be adopted

If conciliation, reparation or educational tasks are proposed

They go to the hearing to inform

If the measure is modified or replaced

Any incident that arises during execution

 PUBLIC ENTITIES

o Commits to the decentralization of the execution of measures 

global vision of childhood policies.

o Each CCAA designs its own organizational rules and generates

the necessary infrastructure and personal resources.

o It implies that there are 17 different systems  different visions,

different policies.
ENTIDADES PÚBLICAS

o In addition, the CCAA may establish the necessary agreements

or collaboration agreements with other entities, whether public
or private, non-profit.

o Ownership and responsibility belong to the public entity, but

execution belongs to the entity that has the contract.

o The transfer of ius puniendi to private hands is questioned,

especially in measures that imply deprivation of liberty.
ENTIDADES PÚBLICAS
TOTAL
Melilla
Ceuta
La Rioja
País Vasco
Navarra
Murcia
Madrid
Galicia
Extremadura
Com. Valenciana
Cataluña
Castilla La Mancha
Castilla León
Cantabria
Canarias
Baleares
Asturias
Aragón
Andalucía
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Propios Entidad colaboradora

ENTIDADES PÚBLICAS
o The public entity must be heard in all procedural steps.

o Once the minor is sentenced in a final sentence, the public

entity must prepare the PIEM for the judge to approve (20
days).

o The public entity will open a personal file of the young

offender.

o To guarantee judicial control of the measure, the autonomous

community must send monitoring reports with certain
periodicity.
PARTES
 Menor

Víctima Padres
Víctima
Interés del menor

Interés de la víctima
ATTENTION TO THE VICTIM

Under no circumstances does this

procedure allow for the exercise of
actions by individuals.
ATENCIÓN A LA VÍCTIMA EN LA LO 5/2000
Under no circumstances does this procedure allow for the
exercise of actions by individuals.

However, the Law cannot forget the self-interest of the injured

party or victim of the act committed by the minor, establishing a
unique, rapid and non-formal procedure for compensation, where
appropriate, for damages and losses.

Of particular interest in the context of the Law are the issues of

reparation for the damage caused and the reconciliation of the
offender with the victim.
AFTER THE 2006 REFORM…
Persons directly offended by the crime, their parents, their heirs or
their legal representatives may appear in the procedure as private
accusers if they are minors or incapacitated, with the powers and
rights that derive from being a party to the procedure.

A precautionary measure is incorporated to remove the victim or

her family or another person determined by the judge.

The attention and recognition of the rights of victims and those

harmed are reinforced (the right to understand and be
understood).
Padres
PARENTS OF THE MINOR
o They are recognized as having the right to emotionally support the minor
and are responsible for jointly assuming with their children the damages
caused by the crime.

o Family support can make the minor more aware of the damage
caused, better understand the process, and better accept the sentence
and the execution of the judicial measure.

o Furthermore, family collaboration is essential to achieve the greatest

educational effectiveness of the measures and work with families is
considered one of the rehabilitative interventions during the
implementation of the measure.
PADRES DEL MENOR
o The parents of the minor have to face…

o the discomfort derived from the criminal behavior of their children,

which can be enormous in cases of serious damage
o payment of damages caused
o the tension derived from the criminal process itself
o questioning their ability as parents

o Professionals should accompany them, involve them in the process

and treat them in a respectful and dignified manner.

o There are complicated situations, e.g. parental violence