EL ARTE

DE LA
DESCRIPCIÓ
N
Lengua Castellana

GRADO OCTAVO
Rocío Miranda
 Contenidos

Definición
0 0 Descripción literaria
1 2
0 0 aplicación
Tipos de descripción
3 4
 Definición
La descripción es una herramienta
discursiva que permite explicar las
características de las personas, de los
acontecimientos, de los espacios físicos
donde se desarrollan los hechos, incluso
de las sensaciones que se tienen, tanto
en situaciones reales o ficticias
en diversos textos.
Descripció
n objetiva
y subjetiva
 Descripción objetiva

La ballena jorobada es un mamífero acuático de gran tamaño y proporciones,

cuyos ejemplares adultos miden entre 12 y 16 metros de largo y pesan
alrededor de 36 toneladas. Los machos suelen emitir un canto particular,
que dura unos veinte minutos aproximadamente y cuyo propósito se
desconoce.
 Descripción subjetiva

El lobo corrió, veloz como una flecha, hacia la presa fatigada, cuyas patas
temblorosas parecían incapaces ya de sostenerla. Su pelaje gris lucía
borroso entre la nieve, como si corriera más rápido que la luz, más rápido
que el propio viento de la estepa. Corría con la boca abierta, como
dándole a los colmillos el tiempo necesario para prepararse.
 Descripción literaria
apersonal
intenciones Es el testigo que ve o escucha
Describir lo que se ve y algo y lo comunica como
lo que se siente sucedió

1 2 3 4

subjetivo Tipos de texto

La descripción cala en el
alma del lector llegando Periodísticos
a tomar como suyas las Científicos
sensaciones Literarios
SON EJEMPLOS COMUNES DE TEXTOS DESCRIPTIVOS

• Un anuncio de gato extraviado: “Tiene el cuerpo negro y las patas blancas,

excepto la delantera derecha, y un collar anaranjado. Responde al nombre de
Napoleón”.
• Una oda a los labios de la persona amada: “Tus labios son pétalos de rosa
que florece oculta a mi mirada, dulces y carnosos, tienen el color de un
atardecer primaveral”.
• Una descripción de producto: “Las dimensiones del producto son 33 x 59
cm. y tiene un peso de 500 gr. aproximadamente. El material es poliuretano
con aleación térmica de goma. Los colores disponibles son: rojo, verde y
azul”.
• Un fragmento de un reportaje noticioso: “Los eventos tomaron lugar en la
casa de la víctima, un departamento de tres habitaciones, tipo loft, ubicado en
el barrio de Lavapiés en la ciudad de Madrid”.
 Tipos de descripciones

topografía Cronografía Prosopografía

Descripción de un paisaje que
involucra la óptica personal y
las experiencias que influyen
sobre la percepción del
espacio
Describe un periodo de
tiempo: características Describe las caracerísticas
sociales, culturales, físicas de una persona
económicas y políticas de una
época
 Ejemplo de prosopografía

«Este que veis aquí, de rostro aguileño, de cabello castaño,

frente lisa y desembarazada, de alegres ojos y de nariz
corva, aunque bien proporcionada, las barbas de plata,
que no ha veinte años que fueron de oro; los bigotes
grandes…»
 Tipos de descripciones

Etopeya retrato crinografía

Descripción de las Describe a una persona desde
costumbres, cualidades lo físico, hasta lo psicológico, Describe los objetos
éticas, psicológicas y morales lo ético y lo cultural
de una persona
 Ejemplo de etopeya

De El viejo y el mar de Ernest Hemingway:

“En la oscuridad el viejo podía sentir venir la mañana y mientras remaba oía el
tembloroso rumor de los peces voladores que salían del agua y el siseo que sus rígidas
alas hacían surcando el aire en la oscuridad. Sentía una gran atracción por los peces
voladores que eran sus principales amigos en el océano. Sentía compasión por las aves,
especialmente las pequeñas, delicadas y oscuras golondrinas de mar que andaban
siempre volando y buscando y casi nunca encontraban, y pensó: las aves llevan una
vida más dura que nosotros, salvo las de rapiña y las grandes y fuertes.»
 Ejemplo de retrato

Parte del autorretrato de Nicanor Parra:

Considerad, muchachos,
Este gabán de fraile mendicante:
Soy profesor en un liceo obscuro,
He perdido la voz haciendo clases.
(Después de todo o nada
Hago cuarenta horas semanales).
¿Qué les dice mi cara abofeteada?
¡Verdad que inspira lástima mirarme!
Y qué les sugieren estos zapatos de cura
Que envejecieron sin arte ni parte.
 Maybe you need two columns
Mercury
It is the closest planet to the Sun
and the smallest one in the Solar
System. This planet’s name has
nothing to do with the liquid metal
Venus
Venus has a beautiful name and is
the second planet from the Sun.
It’s hot and is the second-brightest
natural object in the night sky
 0
1
About
the
Events
You can enter a subtitle here if you
need it
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 Six columns

Mercury Venus Mars

It’s the closest planet to the Venus is the second planet Despite being red, Mars is
Sun and the smallest from the Sun actually a cold place

Jupiter Saturn Neptune

Jupiter is the biggest planet Saturn is composed of Neptune is the farthest planet
of them all hydrogen and helium from the Sun
Map

Mars
Despite being red, Mars is
actually a cold place

Neptune
Neptune is the farthest planet
from the Sun
 This is a Table

Family POINTS
JAMES MILLER 315 285 325

CORENA ANNE 290 310 330

BASEUS MAY 300 325 340

Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun, but does its name have
anything to do with the liquid metal?
 Infographic

Mercury Venus
It’s the closest planet to the Venus is the second planet
Sun and the smallest from the Sun

Jupiter Saturn
Jupiter is the biggest planet Saturn is composed of
of them all hydrogen and helium
 This is a graph

Venus
40% Venus is the second planet
from the Sun

60%
Saturn
Saturn is composed of
hydrogen and helium
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste
the new one here. For more info, click here
 21
Million
Big numbers catch your audience’s attention
 333,000
Earths is the Sun’s mass

386,000 km
Is the distance between Earth and the Moon
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 JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE

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