Trabajo y

energía

ingenieros:
Vianey Castillo Villa
 Tabla de contenidos

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Producto escalar
entre 2 vectores 0
T 1.
0

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ASSIGNMENT 2.
0
ABOUT THE 3.
0

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TOPIC
4.
 0
T
1 1.
Producto escalar
entre 2 vectores
 ¿Qué es un 003-1040559 1250 003-77156.8 1760 0009-14563.7 73273

vector?
En física, un vector es una cantidad física que tiene tanto magnitud como
dirección. Un vector se puede representar mediante una flecha, cuya longitud
representa la magnitud del vector y la dirección de la flecha representa la
dirección del vector.
T Los vectores se utilizan para representar cantidades físicas que tienen una
dirección asociada, como la velocidad, la aceleración, la fuerza, el momento y
1 El campo eléctrico, entre otras.
Por ejemplo, la velocidad de un objeto es un vector porque no solo indica la
magnitud de la velocidad, sino también la dirección en la que se está moviendo
El objeto. Otro ejemplo es la fuerza, que también es un vector, ya que su
Dirección determina la dirección en la que actúa la fuerza.
En la notación matemática, un vector se denota a menudo mediante una letra
ennegrita o una letra con una flecha encima.
 Tipos de productos entre
vectores
En física, el producto entre vectores se utiliza para expresar las relaciones
T entre magnitudes vectoriales. Hay dos tipos de productos entre vectores:
el producto escalar (también conocido como producto punto o producto
1 interno) y el producto vectorial (también conocido como producto cruz o
producto externo).
 el producto escalar
En física, el producto escalar es una operación matemática entre dos vectores que se utiliza
para calcular la magnitud de un vector y la proyección de un vector sobre otro. El resultado del
producto escalar es un número escalar, no un vector.
La definición del producto escalar para dos vectores A y B en un espacio tridimensional es:
A · B = |A||B| cos θ
T donde |A| y |B| son las magnitudes de los vectores A y B respectivamente, y θ es el ángulo
entre los vectores.
1
—ejemplo A=(1,3,0) Equivalente a:
B=(1,1,-1) A=(1,3,0)
Proyección del vector Θ= 43.1°
Vector A B=(1,1,-1)
A sobre el B |A | = √ 1²+3²+0²=√ 10
θ
(1·1+1·3+1·0)=
| B| =√ 1²+1²+-1²=√ 3
Ve

Vector B (1+3+0)=4
ct

A · B = |A||B| cos θ
or
A

Vector B A · B = √ 10·√ 3cos43.1 °
A · B =4
 Trabajo se
Ejercicio del producto define
en física como
escalar la fuerza que se
aplica sobre un
Sobre un cuerpo se aplica la siguiente cuerpo para
fuerza (3,0,0)N esta fuerza produce un desplazarlo de
T desplazamiento de (1,0,0)m ¿cual es el un punto a otro.
Por lo tanto el
trabajo?
1 trabajo es un
producto
escalar
W=f·d = ((3,0,0)N · (1,0,0)m =
(3+0+0)=3Nm = 3 J
 Ejercicio del producto
tenemos
escalar
una grúa que sube a un coche,
la aceleración
este coche tiene una masa de 1000 en este caso es
kilogramos y esta grúa sube este coche
T con una velocidad de 0.5 m/s¿cuál es la
en el eje Y la
cual es la
gravedad
1 potencia?
Velocidad= ( 0,0.5,0)
F=ma=(1000·10)
=(0,10000,0)
P=(0·0+10000·0.5+0·0)=
5000 W
 el producto vectorial (o producto cruz)
El producto vectorial es una operación matemática que se utiliza en física para calcular la
magnitud y dirección de la fuerza resultante que actúa sobre un objeto en movimiento.
También se le conoce como producto cruz o producto vectorial de dos vectores.
T El producto vectorial se define como el producto de dos vectores que produce un tercer vector
perpendicular a los dos primeros. El resultado del producto vectorial de dos vectores A y B se
denota como A × B.
1 La magnitud del producto vectorial de dos vectores A y B es igual al producto de las
magnitudes de ambos vectores multiplicado por el seno del ángulo entre ellos, es decir:
|A × B| = |A| |B| sen(θ)
donde θ es el ángulo entre los vectores A y B.

MERCURY
 Direccion del vector

La dirección del vector resultante del producto vectorial se

determina mediante la regla de la mano derecha. Si se
coloca la mano derecha de tal manera que los dedos se
curven desde el vector A hasta el vector B, entonces el
pulgar apuntará en la dirección del vector resultante.
El producto vectorial se utiliza en física para calcular la
fuerza resultante en un objeto que se mueve en un campo
magnético, la dirección del momento angular de una
partícula y la dirección del momento magnético de un imán,
entre otros. También se utiliza en mecánica cuántica para
calcular el momento angular de una partícula.

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 1
T
It’s the distance between Earth and the Moon

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 333,00
75%
T
0
Big numbers are very
useful. Use them!
Big numbers are very
useful. Use them!

1
55% 659 K
Big numbers are very Big numbers are very
useful. Use them! useful. Use them!
 659 K
Big numbers are very useful. Use them!

T
1
333,000
Big numbers are very useful. Use them!

55%
Big numbers are very useful. Use them!

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 VISUALIZATION OF

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ASTROPHYSICAL PHENOMENA

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COUNTR PHENOME VISUALIZATI
Y NA ON LEVEL
T Brazil 40%

1250 003-77156.8
1 New Zealand Solar eclipse 60%

Chile 10%

Brazil 100%

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New Zealand Lunar eclipse 50%

Chile 90%
 FEATURE
T S OF THE
2
TOPIC
You can add a subtitle for the
section if you need it here
0
003-1040559 1250 003-77156.8 1760 0009-14563.7 73273 2.
 FEATURES OF THE TOPIC

T
2 MERCURY VENUS JUPITER
Mercury is the Venus has a Jupiter is a gas
closest planet to beautiful name and giant and the
the Sun and the is the second biggest planet in
smallest one planet from the Sun the Solar System
 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TOPIC

73273
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MERCURY
It’s the closest planet to
T the Sun

1250 003-77156.8
2 VENUS
Venus has a beautiful
name, but it’s hot

MARS

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Despite being red, Mars is
a cold place, not hot
 TRIDIMENSIONAL

73273
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TOPIC

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VENUS
Venus has a
T MERCURY beautiful name

1250 003-77156.8
2 It’s the closest
planet to the Sun
MARS
Despite being red,
NEPTUNE it’s a cold place

003-1040559
Neptune is far away
from Earth
 MORE INFORMATION
EVOLUTI
GOALS
Mars is ON
a cold place Venus has a beautiful name

T 75
COSMO 60 %
2 LOGY %
GRAVIT 50 85
ATORY % %
PLANET 80
ARY % 95
BLACK 70
%
HOLE %
 OUR SUCCESS

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OUR APPROV
AGE

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USERS ED
18-
T 25
26-

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2 65% 30 70%
18-
25
26-

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55% 30 87%
 PHYSICAL COSMOLOGY ACTIVITY
HOURS OF
ACTIVITY
T 00:00-06:00

2 06:00-12:00

12:00-18:00

18:00-00:00

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
 A PICTURE IS
T
2 WORTH A
THOUSAND WORDS
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 A
PICTURE
IS
T
2 WORTH A
THOUSA
ND
WORDS
T
AWESOME
2
WORDS
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 AWESO
ME
ASTROPH
T
2

YSICS
Because key words are great for
catching your audience’s attention
 FIELDS OF ASTROPHYSICS
PHYSICAL GRAVITATION
HIGH ENERGY
COSMOLOGY PHYSICS
T Mercury is the Venus is the second Mars is a very cold
smallest planet planet from the Sun place, not hot
2
PLASMA SPACE
PLANETARY
PHYSICS PHYSICS
Jupiter is the Saturn is the Neptune is far away
biggest planet ringed planet from Earth

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 A PICTURE
T ALWAYS
2
REINFORCES
Images reveal large amounts
of data, so remember: use an
THE CONCEPT
image instead of long texts
 EVOLUTION FORECAST

73273
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2010 2030
T Neptune is far Mars is a very
away from us cold planet

1250 003-77156.8
2
2020 2040
Venus has a Mercury is the
nice name smallest planet

003-1040559
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then
paste the new one here. For more info, click here
 MULTIMEDIA
T DEMO
2 Share your results and opinions
in the classroom forum using the
hashtag #AstrophysicsLesson

Insert your multimedia content here

T
PC MOCKUP
2 You can replace the image on the
screen with your own work. Just
delete this one, add yours and
center it properly
T
APP MOCKUP
2 You can replace the image on the
screen with your own work. Just
delete this one, add yours and
center it properly

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 DID YOU KNOW
THIS?
What is a magnetar?

● A black hole with a very

strong magnetic field
T ● A neutron star with a very
2 strong magnetic field
● A body of any kind with a very
strong magnetic field
● An ordinary star with a very
strong magnetic field

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 PROBLEM AND SOLUTION

T THE PROBLEM THE SOLUTION

Mercury is the closest Venus has a beautiful
2 planet to the Sun and name and is the second
the smallest one in the planet from the Sun.
Solar System—it’s a bit It’s hot and its
larger than the Moon atmosphere is poisonous

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 ASTROPHYSICS PROCESS

PHASE PHASE PHASE PHASE

T 1 2 3 4
2

Create new Make hypotheses Develop the Contrast the

questions about about the intuition and results with
the topic correct result the guesses the research
 OVERVIEW DIAGRAM
ASTROPHYSIC
S LESSON
T
2

Mercury is the Venus is the Jupiter is the

closest planet second planet biggest planet
to the Sun from the Sun of them all

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 THIS IS A GRAPH
FACTO
R1
Mars is a
T cold planet

2 FACTO
R 2 is
Jupiter
a gas giant

To modify this graph, click on the link, change the data and paste the new graph here
 ASTROPHYSICS OBSERVATORIES

Spain
T
Mexico
2

India Chile
 EVOLUTION OF PHENOMENA

73273
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2018
Neptune is far
away from Earth
T 2019

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2 Venus has a
beautiful name
2020
Mars is a very

003-1040559
cold planet

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
 003-1040559 1250 003-77156.8 1760 0009-14563.7 73273

03
T
3 .
ASSIGNME
NT
You can add a subtitle for the
section if you need it here
 THIS IS AN EXERCISE
WHERE DOES
HAWKING
RADIATION
EMANATE FROM?
T
3

The correct answer is,

from the event horizon of black holes
 YOUR EXERCISE!
READ THESE FACTS AND MARK THEM IF THEY
ARE TRUE OR FALSE
T ✓ ✗ ✓
3 MERCUR
NEPTUNE VENUS
It’s the
Y
Venus is the
farthest planet Mercury is the second planet
from the Sun biggest planet from the Sun
of them all
 THIS IS YOUR ASSIGNMENT

● How big is the Sun?

T ● If Jupiter acquired more mass, it

would cease to be a planet and would
become...
3
● Which technology do we use to detect
gravitational waves?
● Which type of stars have the longest
life expectancy?
 ASSIGNMENT
DON
UNIT CONCEPT EQUIVALENCE
E
T
LIGHT YEAR Distance traveled 9.46 billion/km
3 (L.Y) by light in a year 63,235.3 AU ✓
It’s the distance
ASTRONOMICA
L UNIT (AU)
between Earth and 149,600,000 km ✗
the Sun

PARALLACTIC 30.86 billion/km

It’s the parallax
SECOND of one second
3.26 l.y ✓
PARSEC (PC) 206,265 AU
 SUCCESS RATE

73273
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MERC Mercury is the closest
87% planet to the Sun
URY
T

1250 003-77156.8
3 79% VENUS
Venus has a beautiful
name, but it’s very hot

003-1040559
Despite being red, Mars
85% MARS is a cold place, not hot
 REVIEW THE CONCEPTS

MERCUR 20 20 VENUS
T Y
Mercury is the Venus has a
closest to the Sun 18 21 beautiful name
3
MARS 203 202 JUPITER
Mars is a very It’s the biggest
cold place to live 5 5 planet of them all
 IMPORTANT DATES

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JUNE 2021
M W VENUS
T SU TU TH FR SA Venus has a
O E beautiful name

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3 1 2 3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 JUPITER
It’s the biggest
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
planet of them all

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21 22 23 24 25 26 27

28 29 30
T
ABOUT
4
0 THE TOPIC
You can add a subtitle for the
section if you need it here

4.
 STUDENT PROCESS

T ENGAGE
4 EXPLORE
Mercury is the
smallest planet
EXPLAIN ELABORA
Mars is a cold
place, not hot
Jupiter is the TE
biggest planet
Saturn is the
ringed planet

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 WHERE TO STUDY
ASTROPHYSICS?
MARS
Mars is a
T cold planet

4
JUPITE
R
Jupiter is
a gas giant
 ENROLLMENT PROCESS
MARS
Despite being red
T Mars is a cold
place, not hot
4
NEPTUNE MERCURY
Neptune is the Mercury is the
farthest planet smallest planet
from the Sun of them all

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 WORK STRATEGY

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KEY Mercury is the
ACTION closest planet
to the Sun
T 1
KEY

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4 STRAT Venus is the
ACTION second planet
EGY from the Sun
2
KEY

003-1040559
Jupiter is the
ACTION biggest planet
of them all
3
 PROJECT DEVELOPMENT

73273
MERCU
MARS

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RY It’s actually a
Mercury is the
smallest planet very cold place
T

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4
1 2 3 4
NEPTU SATUR

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NE N
Neptune is far Saturn is a gas
away from Earth giant with rings
 PERCENTAGE OF SUCCESS

70% 83%
T
4
MALE FEMALE
STUDENTS STUDENTS
Neptune is the farthest Despite being red, Mars
planet from the Sun is a very cold planet
 MORE PERCENTAGES OF SUCCESS
MALE
STUDENTS
Neptune is the farthest
T planet from the Sun

4 54.2
% 45.8 FEMALE
% STUDENTS
Despite being red, Mars
is a very cold planet

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 OUR STUDENTS
SUSAN
JENNA DOE
BONES
T Speak a bit about Speak a bit about
this person here this person here
4
TIMMY
JOHN SMITH
JIMMY
Speak a bit about Speak a bit about
this person here this person here
 THAN
T
KS
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