Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
5.4. Reproducción.
PARTENOCARPIA:
Formación de frutos sin semilla (plátano, naranja..)
Selección de partenogénesis artificial mediane mejora.
Ej. uva sin semilla
REPRODUCCIÓN ASEXUAL
VENTAJAS:
Obtención de clones bien
adaptados a un ambiente
INCONVENIENTES
Baja variabilidad y poca
capacidad de respuesta a las
alteraciones del medio
ambiente
In vitro
FLORACIÓN
Partes de la flor
Stigma
Anther
Carpel Style Stamen
Filament
Ovary
Petal
Receptacle Sepal
Flores bisexuales Flores unisexuales
Especies hermafroditas Especies monoicas Especies dioicas
Male
flowers
Maíz Kiwi
Cannabis sativa
Surviving megaspore Embryo sac
Stigma (red dot is a (female gametophyte—
Ovule haploid nucleus) red dots are haploid nuclei)
Polar
Megasporangium nuclei (n)
Style
(Each microspore)
Anther
Filament 1. Many microsporocytes 2. A microsporocyte divides 3. The two resulting cells
Stamen reside inside anther. Here, by meiosis, resulting in four mature into a single pollen
the red dot represents a microspores. Each microspore grain containing an immature
diploid nucleus. divides once by mitosis, forming male gametophyte. The
the tube cell and generative cell. generative cell will later
divide to form sperm.
http://www.biologia.edu.ar
POLLEN TUBE GROWTH AND FERTILIZATION
Pollen Stigma Double
grain fertilization
Synergid
Ovary Zygote
Micropyle (2n)
1. Pollen grain germinates 2. The tube-cell nucleus 3. Pollen tube completes 4. One sperm unites with
on the stigma. Pollen moves into pollen tube, growth toward the egg by egg to form zygote.
tube begins growing and the generative cell passing through microphyle The other fuses with the
down the style. nucleus divides by mitosis and discharging the two two polar nuclei to form
to form two sperm in sperm into a cell adjacent endosperm (nutrient tissue).
pollen tube. to egg.
EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT AND SEED MATURATION
Seed
Protoderm Epidermis
Shoot apical
Terminal Ground Ground meristem
cell meristem tissue
Cotyledons
(seed leaves)
Procambium Vascular Hypocotyl
Basal tissue (seed stem)
cell
Progenitor Adult Radicle
cells tissues
Seed coat
Zygote
1. Zygote divides 2. The two daughter 3. The cell mass differentiates 4. The three tissue types mature
into two daughter cells divide into a into progenitors of the three into root and shoot systems. The
cells. cell mass and a adult tissues. long axis of the mature embryo
string of single cells. becomes apparent.
Semillas de dicotiledóneas y de monocotiledóneas
Seed coat
Endosperm
Cotyledons
Embryonic
stem and root
Beans are eudicots with cotyledons that emerge aboveground. Peas are eudicots with cotyledons that remain belowground.
Leaf
Seed coat
Epicotyl Young shoot
Epicotyl
Hypocotyl Hypocotyl Cotyledons
Cotyledons
Seed coat Epicotyl
Hypocotyl
Radicle Lateral
Radicle Primary Lateral roots
root roots
Leaf
Seed
coat
Cotyledon
First
First leaf leaf
Coleoptile Coleoptile
Cotyledon
Bulb
Meiosis I Meiosis I
Meiosis II
Meiosis II
Spermatids (n)
Ootid polar body (n)
Fecundación interna
Fecundación externa
Ovíparos
Ej. aves, insectos,
reptiles
(Ovovivíparos)
2. Marsupiales 1. Placentarios
Vejiga urinaria
Vesícula seminal
Próstata
Glándula bulborectal
Uretra
Vasos deferentes
Testículos
Escroto
están implicadas en el
desarrollo estructural y
funcional de los órganos Hypothalamus
reproductores que se
producen en la pubertad y GnRH
también asociadas a otros
cambios metabólicos de los Pituitary gland
adolescentes.
LH LH
FSH OR FSH
A diferencia de las
hormonas vegetales, actuan
Testis Ovary
sobre tejidos específicos.
Testosterone Estradiol
Uterus
5. Calcium carbonate egg
shell is formed.
Intestine
Right
oviduct Vagina 6. Egg passed through the
Cloaca vagina and is “laid” out of
the cloaca.