Fundamentos de Engranes

Clasificaciones de engranes
Engranes pequeños
Electrodomesticos
Maquinaria
Control
Automotriz
Transporte
Aeroespacial
Un poco sobre manufactura
Methods to make a gear

Metal
Casting Forming
removal

Cold Thread
Pouring
drawing rolling

Injection
Forging
molding

Sintering
 Metal Removal

Rotating threaded Rotating and

Rotating disc wheel Linear motion tool
tool reciprocating tool

Hobbing Shaping (pinion Shaping (rack Milling

Broaching
(worm cutter) cutter) cutter) (disc cutter)

Generating grinding
Shaving (rotary Shaving (rack type Form grinding Punching
(worm-type
cutter) cutter) (disc wheel)
grinding wheel)

Generating grinding
(rack-type grinding Thread grinding Shear cutting
wheel)
 Engrane

Piñon
Es el que
transmite la
potencia

Motor
Primera ley
Law of contact

“At every point of contact of tooth flanks of a gear and its mating
pinion the vector of their instantaneous relative motion has to be
pointed perpendicular to the common perpendicular at every
instant of time”

𝒏𝑔 ∙ 𝑽 Σ =0
Segunda ley
Línea de acción
𝑂𝑔 𝑃 𝑟 𝑔 𝑊 𝑝
= = =𝑢
𝑂𝑝 𝑃 𝑟 𝑝 𝑊 𝑝
No se cumple
la segunda ley
 Segunda ley

1er ley: Ley de Engranes de ejes paralelos

contacto La línea de acción y la línea
de contacto son paralelas

Línea de centros
vector perpendicular al flanco del engrane

vector de velocidad lineal de cierto punto piñón/engrane junto con

el plano de acción

vector unitario apuntando en el eje de rotación instantánea del

engrane y el piñón
Si uno de los engranes está mal diseñado el punto de contacto
instantáneo migra sobre la línea de centro.
Conjugate action (parallel-axes gearing)

The angular velocities of the two pieces are to each other

inversely as the segments into which the “line of action”
divides the line of centers, or inversely as the perpendiculars
from centers of motion upon the line of action

𝑂𝑔 𝑃 𝑟 𝑔 𝑊 𝑝
= = =𝑢
𝑂𝑝 𝑃 𝑟 𝑝 𝑊 𝑝
Tercera ley
3era ley: Ley del paso base (base pitch)

El ángulo base de paso del engrane tiene que ser igual al ángulo base
de operación del piñón

Y el ángulo de paso base del piñón tiene que ser igual al de operación
del engrane
Law of equal base pitches(parallel-axes gearing)

In order to transmit a uniform rotary motion from a driving

shaft to a driven shaft by means of gear teeth, base pitch of
a gear and that of a mating pinion must be equal to one
another at every instant of time

𝜑𝑏.𝑔=𝜑𝑏.𝑜𝑝
 Involuta: es el camino trazado por un
punto en una línea recta que va
alredeor del círculo.

Involuta

r= radio del círculo

t= ángulo en radianes

Para mover el origen de la involuta

utilizamos un término a
Backlash

Backlash: is the amount by which the

width of a tooth space exceeds the
thickness of the engaging tooth on the
pitch circles. As actually indicated by
measuring devices, backlash may be
determined variously in the transverse,
normal or axial-planes and either in the
direction of the pitch circles or the line
of action.
Undercut

Undercut:
Is a condition in generated gear teeth
when any part of the fillet curve lies
inside a line drawn tanget to the
working profile at its point of juncture
with the fillet.
It’s the process of removing material
from the bottom of gear tooth to give
more room for meshing gear.
Module

Diametral pitch
Module:
A measure of tooth size in
the metric system. In units,
it is millimeters of pitch
diameter per tooth. As the
tooth size increases, the
module also increases.
Module usually ranges
from 1 to 25.
Diametral pitch:
A measure of tooth size in
the English system. In units,
it is the number of teeth per
inch of pitch diameter. As
the tooth size increases, the
diametral pitch decreases.
Diametral pitches usually
range from 25 to 1.
Pressure angle:
The slope of the gear tooth at the pitch-
circle position.
Circular pitch:
The circular distance from a point
on one gear tooth to a like point
on the next tooth, taken along the
pitch circle. Two gears must have
the same circular pitch to mesh
with each other. As they mesh,
their circles will be tangent to one
another
Addendum:
The radial height of a gear tooth
above the pitch circle
Chordal addendum:
The distance between a chord,
passing through the points where
the pitch circle crosses the tooth
profile and the tooth top
Arc (circular) thickness:
The thickness of the tooth at the
pitch circle.
Chordal thickness:
Tooth thickness measured along a
chord passing thorugh the points
where the pitch circles crosses the
tooth profile
Dedendum:
The radial height of a gear tooth
below the pitch circle.
Working depth:
The depth to which a tooth
extends into the space between
teeth on the mating gear.
Whole depth:
The total radial height of a gear
tooth.
(Root diameter)
(Root diameter)
(Root diameter)
Outside diameter:
Is the maximum diameter of the
gear blank for spur, helical, worms
or wormg gears. All tooth
elements lie inside this circle. A
tolerance on this diameter should
always be negative
(Root diameter)
Outside diameter:
Is the maximum diameter of the
gear blank for spur, helical, worms
or wormg gears. All tooth
elements lie inside this circle. A
tolerance on this diameter should
always be negative
(Root diameter)
Outside diameter:
Is the maximum diameter of the
gear blank for spur, helical, worms
or wormg gears. All tooth
elements lie inside this circle. A
tolerance on this diameter should
always be negative
(Root diameter)
Outside diameter:
Is the maximum diameter of the
gear blank for spur, helical, worms
or wormg gears. All tooth
elements lie inside this circle. A
tolerance on this diameter should
always be negative
(Root diameter)
Outside diameter:
Is the maximum diameter of the
gear blank for spur, helical, worms
or wormg gears. All tooth
elements lie inside this circle. A
tolerance on this diameter should
always be negative
(Root diameter)
Modification diameter:
Is the diameter at which any tip
modification is to being. It is a
reference dimension and may be
given in terms of degrees of roll.
(Root diameter)
Pitch diameter:
Is the theoretical diameter
established by dividing the
number of teeth in the gear by the
diametral pitch of the cutter to be
used to produce the gear. This
dimension can have no tolerance
(Root diameter)
Limit diameter:
Is the lowest portion of a tooth
that can actually come in contact
with the teeth of a mating gear. It
is a calculated value and is not to
be confused with the form
diameter. It is the boundary
between the active profile and the
fillet area of the tooth.
(Root diameter)
Form diameter:
Is a specified diameter on the gear
above with the transverse profile
is to be in accordance with
drawing specification on profile. It
is an inspection dimensions and
should be placed at a somewhat
smaller radius than the limit
diameter to allow for shop
tolerances.
(Root diameter)
Undercut diameter:
Is the diameter at which the
trochoid producing undercut in a
gear tooth intersects the involute
profile.
(Root diameter)
Base-circle diameter:
Is the diameter established by
multiplying the pitch diameter by
the cosine of the pressure angle of
the cutter to be used to cut the
gear. It is a basic dimension of the
gear.
(Root diameter)
Root diameter:
Is the diameter of the circle that
establishes the root lands of the
teeth. All tooth elements should
lie outside this circle. The
tolerance should be negative.
Active profile:
Is a surface and is the portion of
the surface of the gear tooth
which at some phase of the
meshing cycle contacts the active
profile of the mating gear tooth. It
extendes from the limit diameter
near the root of the tooth to the
tip round at the tip of the tooth.
Top land:
Is a surface bound by the sieds of
the gear and active profiles; or if
the tooth has been given end and
tip rounds, the top land is
bounded by these curved
surfaces. The top land forms the
outside diameter of the gear.
Fillet:
Is a surface bound by the form
diameter and the root land (if
present) and by the ends of the
teeth. In full-fillet teeth, the fillet
of one tooth is considered to
extend from the center line of the
space to the form diameter.
Sides of gear:
Surfaces that are the ends of the
teeth
Root land:
Surface bounded by fillets of the
adjacent teeth and sides of the
gear blank.
Transverse profile:
Is the shape of the gear tooth as
seen in a plane perpendicular to
the axis of rotation of the gear
Axial profile (Normal section):
Is the shape of the gear tooth as
seen in a plane tangent to the pitch
cylinder at the surface of the tooth.
In the case of helical gears, it is the
shape of a tooth as seen on a pitch
cylinder and may be developed to
be shown in a place.
Tip round:
Is a surface that separates the
active profile and the top land. It
is sometimes applied to gear teeth
either to remove the burrs, or to
lessen the chance of chipping
particularly in the case of
hardened teeth. It may also be
added as a very mild and crude
form of profile modification.
End round:
Is a surface that separates the
sides and the top land of the
tooth. It is sometimes applied to
gear teeth to reduce the chance of
chipping, particularly in the case
of hardened teeth.
Fillet radius:
Is the minimum radius that a gear
tooth may have
Tip round:
Is a surface that separates the
active profile of the teeth from
the sides of the gear. These edges
are of importance in the case of
helical gears, spiral bevel gears
and worms, since they become
very sharp on the leading edge.