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Tema8 Tornillos
Tema8 Tornillos
AVANCE
l = tipo roscado x p
UN; M;
UN -- M 8 series de rosca de paso
constante
C-basto C-basto
F-Fino F-Fino
EF-Extra Fino
Ej.MF8X2-G6
Ej.UNF1/2X16-1B
dc/roscas/pulg/ajuste
dc/roscas/pulg/ajuste
Perfil M y UN
diametro Cresta, Numero rosca por Area a tensión, At, Shear stress area,
dc, in. pulgada, n in2 As, in2
1/4 16 0.02663 0.3355
5/16 14 0.04438 0.4344
3/8 12 0.06589 0.5276
7/16 12 0.09720 0.6396
1/2 10 0.1225 0.7278
5/8 8 0.1955 0.9180
3/4 6 0.2732 1.084
7/8 6 0.4003 1.313
1 5 0.5175 1.493
1 1/8 5 0.6881 1.722
1 1/4 5 0.8831 1.952
1 3/8 4 1.030 2.110
1 1/2 4 1.266 2.341
1 3/4 4 1.811 2.803
2 4 2.454 3.262
2 1/4 3 2.982 3.610
2 1/2 3 3.802 4.075
2 3/4 3 4.711 4.538
3 2 5.181 4.757
3 1/2 2 7.338 5.700
4 2 9.985 6.640
4 1/2 2 12.972 7.577
5 2 16.351 8.511
Datos cortante para una
longitud de roscado de 1 pulg
dp=dc-0.5p-0.01
Collarín de empuje
∑Fv=0
∑Fh x r =0
DC=OE θn
Fuerzas actuando sobre. (a) paralelepípedo ; (b) sección axial; (c) plano tangencial.
P Pi k j ek ( Pi kb ek ) 0
Text Reference: Figure 15.11, page 681
Bolt and Nut
Ei dc tan f
k ji
( L tan f di dc )( di dc ) Ei dc tan f
2 ln i
( Li tan f di dc )( di dc ) k ji
( Li tan f di dc )( di dc )
2 ln
i
( L tan f d i d c )( d i d c
)
Modulus of
Poiss on’s Elasticity, E, Numerical Constants
Material ratio, GPa Ai Bi
Steel 0. 291 206. 8 0. 78715 0.62873
Aluminum 0. 334 71.0 0. 79670 0.63816
Copper 0. 326 118. 6 0. 79568 0.63553
Gray cast iron 0. 211 100. 0 0. 77871 0.61616
Table 15.3 Constants used in joint stiffness formula [Eq. (15.26)] [From
Wileman et al (1991)]
Bi d c
km,i ( )
Ai e Li
Ei di
Db
3 6
Nd
Db
3 6
Nd
( Li tan f d i d c )( d i d c ) Ei di
Strength of Bolts (Inches)
Range of Ultimate
cres t tensile Yield Proof
diameters, s trength, S ut, strength, S y, s trength, S p ,
SAE grade in. ksi ksi ks i
1 1/4 - 1 1/2 60 36 33
2 1/4 - 3/4 74 57 55
3/4-1 1/2 60 36 33
4 1/4 - 1 1/2 115 100 65
5 1/4 - 1 120 92 85
1 - 1 1/2 105 81 74
7 1/4 - 1 1/2 133 115 105
8 1/4 - 1 1/2 150 130 120
Table 15.4
Strength of steel bolts for various sizes in inches.
Ultimate
Crest tensile Yield Proof
diameter, dc , strength, Sut, strength, S y, strength, Sp,
Metric grade mm MPa MPa MPa
4.6 M 5-M 36 400 240 225
4.8 M 1.6-M 16 420 340a 310
5.8 M 5-M 24 520 415a 380
8.8 M 17-M 36 830 660 600
9.8 M 1.6-M 16 900 720a 650
10.9 M 6-M 36 1040 940 830
12.9 M 1.6-M 36 1220 1100 970
aYield strength approximate and not included in standard.
Table 15.5
Strength of steel bolts for various sizes in millimeters.
Un cilindro hidráulico de do=150mm y e=2mm sometido a Pi= 250 Kg/cm2 se ha de diseñar con
n=1(mínimo). Se embridan las piezas de acero, con una junta elástica. Determinar: tornillo a
colocar, calidad, pretensado considerando un 5% de relajación y espesor de juntas. Atornillos=7%
At,junta
Roscas finas MF
Área Material
Métrica esfuerzo, disponible:
mm2 calidades
10 61.2 5.8,8.8, 9.8 y
10.9
12 92.1 L= 4 mm
16 167 0.5-1-2-3-4
20 272 Junta de
Cobre
Separation of Joint
Pretensado
Figure 15.15
Separation of joint.
Sa
n / AD Sa / Pe,min 0
a
Sa
Sa Sm i Goodman : Sm Su (1 )
Se
Su i Sy
Sa _ a _ fluencia / n
1 u
S a m
Se
Gráfica – Líneas/puntos
Kb y Kc,axial=1
Figure 15.18 Failure modes due to shear loading of riveted fasteners. (a)
Bending of member; (b) shear of rivet; (c) tensile failure of member; (e)
bearing of rivet on member or bearing of member on rivet.
ØA=5/8 ØB=7/8
Group of riveted fasteners used in Example 15.9. (a) centroid of rivet group Assembly; (b) radii from
centroid to center of rivets; (c) resulting triangles; (d) direct and torsional shear acting on each rivet; (e)
security beding factor (side view of member). (All dimensions are in inches.)