HC: EL RECEPTOR PRESENTADOR DE

THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX

chromosome

CLASS I

Receptors for endogenous

Ag (nucleated cells)
Not found on gametes,
neurons.

CLASS II

Receptors for exogenous

Ag (APC)

MHC Class I
NUCLEATED CELLS
Binding site to
T cells

Peptide-binding
groove

alpha

2m beta 2 microglulin

2m

Ig domain

Transmembrane

Citoplasmic

MHC I: CLULAS PRESENTADORAS DE Ag

clulas
nucleadas

MHC Class II
Antigen-presenting cells

Peptide-binding
groove

1
1

Binding site
to
T cells

Ig domain

Transmembrane

Citoplasmic

MHC II: CLULAS PRESENTADORAS DE Ag

clula
dendrtica

LB

macrfago

Citotoxicity

8 aa

Humoral
response

Tc
CD 8

Th
CD 4

Endogenous
peptides

Exogenous
peptides

2m

13-20 aa

MHC Class II
CLINICAL CORRELATION

Father
Mother

Father
Mother

CLULAS DENDRTICAS Y
PROCESAMIENTO
ANTIGNICO

epitope

adherence

phagosome

phagolysosome

degradation

excretion

Citotoxicity

Humoral
response

Tc
CD 8

Th
CD 4

Endogenous
peptides

Exogenous
peptides

2m

1 DC >> 3,000 LT

IL-4, 5, 10

T
T

B
B

PROCESAMIENTO DE ANTGENOS EXGENOS

MHC II
CITOPLASMA
RER

fagosoma

Membrana
celular

ESPACIO
EXTRACELULAR

Procesamiento de Antgenos Exgenos

mRNA

CITOPLASMA
RER
MHC II

Ag
parcialmente
digerido
(fagolisosoma)

Compartimiento
endocitico

Membrana
celular

ESPACIO
EXTRACELULAR

Procesamiento de Antgenos Exgenos

CITOPLASMA
RER

Ag
parcialmente
digerido

Membrana
celular

ESPACIO
EXTRACELULAR

Procesamiento de Antgenos Exgenos

CITOPLASMA
RER

Membrana
celular

ESPACIO
EXTRACELULAR

Procesamiento de Antgenos Exgenos

CITOPLASMA
RER

Membrana
celular

Expresin de Ag
unido a MHC II
ESPACIO
EXTRACELULAR

INTERACCIN MHC II-RCT Y CD4

CD3

Clula Th
CD4+

RCT

epitopo

CD4
2

MHC II
CPA
(M , LB, DC)

PROCESAMIENTO DE ANTGENOS EXGENOS

MHC I
MHC I
mRNA

Ubiquitina

CITOPLASMA

U
U

RER

TAP

Complejo
Pptido-MHC I

U
U
Proteasoma

Membrana
celular

MHC I
con epitopo

ESPACIO
EXTRACELULAR

Clula Tc
CD8+

RCT

CD8

epitopo

2m

Clula
nucleada

Interaccin MHC I- RCT-CD8

CLULAS B Y SU RESPUESTA AL Ag

Plasma Cell

10,000 molecules/sec

nucleus
rer

FUENTE DE CLULAS B
ONTOGENIA

rganos linfoides
generativos
200,000 to
500,000 BCR

rganos linfoides
perifricos

The Structure of an Immunoglobulin (IgG)

NH3

Antigenbinding site
(Fab)

Antigenbinding site
(Fab)

VH

VL

CH1

CL1

Light chain
CH2

Fc

-S---S-S---S-

Hinge region
Heavy chain

CH3

COOH

Highest [ ] in the blood.

Can escape from blood vessels.
Important in inflammation.
Opsonin.
Activates complement (C)>>region CH2
Abundant in secondary response.

Framework region

NH2

VL1

Paratope
Epitope
VH1

CDR3
CDR1

CDR2

Complementary-determining regions come together

with the epitope

IMMUNOGLOBULINS OR ANTIBODIES (Ab)

DISASSEMBLY

Fab
Variable
region

Papain

Fc

F(ab)2

Pepsin

Fc

The effect of treating an Ig with proteolytic enzymes

The Structure of IgM

Polymeric
IgM
Monomeric
IgM

CH1
CH2

J chain

CH3

CH4

nd Highest [ ] in the blood.

2nd
Cannot escape from blood vessels.
Important in inflammation.
Opsonin.
Activates complement (C)>>region CH4.
Abundant in primary response.

The Structure of IgA and Secretory IgA

J chain

J
CH

2
CH

CH

Secretory component
3
CH

3
CH

Normally secreted as dimers.

IgA dimers are joined by the J chain.
Pass through epithelium bound to
secretory component.
Cannot activate Cnor can it act as
opsonin.
Agglutinate particles, neutralize virus.

1
H
C

THE STRUCTURES OF THE IGE AND IGD

CH1
CH1

CH2

Hinge region

CH3
CH4
CH3

IgE
Transmembrane domain
Cytoplasmic domain

IgD

DISTRIBUTION OF IG ISOTYPES IN ANIMALS BODIES

EQUINE X-LINKED
AGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA,
Clinical Corelation : Equine
Agamaglobulinemia

Thoroughbred, standard bred, and quarter horses,

some afflicted males begin to develop severe bacterial
infections at about two to six months of age.

questions?

CLULAS T Y SU RESPUESTA AL Ag

IMMUNOGLOBULIN SUPERFAMILY

T CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTOR

T CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTOR

Ag-binding
site

TCR

Cell
Membrane
(Th cell)

Variable

Constant

Transmembrane

Citoplasmic

T CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTOR

APC
(M , LB, DC)
2

MHC class II

Antigen
fragment

TCR

CD3

Helper T cell
CD4+

T CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTOR CO-STIMULATORS

CD4+ AND CD8+ CELLS

Role of CD4 and CD8 in promoting T cell responses. These molecules

link the T cell to the APC, binding the two cells together and ensuring that an
effective signal is transmitted between them.

THE CENTRAL ROLE OF HELPER T CELLS

CD4+ AND CD8+ CELLS
CD8+ T cell

B cell

Th2

Th1

IL-3, IL-4,
IL-1, IFN-, TNF-
IL-5, IL-10
Helper T cell

Plasma cell
(Ab factory)
HUMERAL IMMUNITY

Cytotoxic T cell
CELLULAR IMMUNITY

T CELL
SEVERECOMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY-ARABIAN FOALS
(SCID)

SCID
manifests
as
repeated
and
eventually
fatal
opportunistic
respiratory
infections,
including
adenovirus, Pneumocystis carinii, and
assorted bacterial infections, especially
streptococci.