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HIPERTENSIN ARTERIAL
SISTMICA
Realizado por:
Dra. Jeniree Freites
R1 Medicina Interna
Tutora:
Dra. Antonia Tineo
Medico Interna
Maturn- Agosto-2015
DEFINICIN
HIPERTENSIN ARTERIAL
SISTMICA
ENFERMEDAD
Controlabl
Multifactor
ial
e
caracterizada por aumento
SOSTENIDO de
Crnica
Presin arterial
Presin arterial sistlica
diastlica (PD)
y/o
(PS) por arriba de 140
igual o mayor a 90
mmHg
mmHg.
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
HIPERTENSIN ARTERIAL
TRASCENDENCIA
ID PRE
EN CU
CO TIFIC RSO
RR AB R
EG LE
IB L
E Y
HIP
ERT
E
AR
TER NSIO
IAL N
EN
C A FE
RD RM
IO ED
V
AR AS AD
CU
L
HIPERTENSIN ARTERIAL
TRASCENDENCIA
HIPERTENSIN ARTERIAL
EPIDEMIOLOGA
PREVALENCIA:
28.7% NHANES
30.8% ENSANUT
>
>
ENEC (1993) =
ENSA (2000) =
ENSANUT (2006)=
ENSANUT (2012)=
26.6 %
30.7 %
30.8 %
32.6 %
EDAD DE
PRESENTACIN
ENSANUT 2012
HIPERTENSIN ARTERIAL
EPIDEMIOLOGA
ENSANUT 2012
HIPERTENSIN ARTERIAL
EPIDEMIOLOGA
ENSANUT 2006
HIPERTENSIN ARTERIAL
EPIDEMIOLOGA
ENSANUT 2012
PRESIN
Ley de
LAPLACE YOUNG
NO
T
P
Es lo
mismo
que
TENSIN
ARTERIAL
?
T
PRESIN Y TENSIN SON
VARIABLES DIRECTAMENTE
PROPORCIONALES pero NO
son lo mismo.
Si la PRESIN AUMENTE
entonces LA TENSIN
AUMENTA
Si el RADIO del vaso
AUMENTE entonces LA
TENSIN AUMENTA
RECORDAR LOS
ANEURISMAS
Principio de
PASCAL
MTODOS
Directo
Indirecto
INVASIVO
NO
INVASIVO
Mediante
catter
intravascu
lar
Mediante
un
esfigmomanmetr
o
PALPO
AUSCULTATORIA
Principio
Nmero
de
de
BERNOUL
REYNOLD
LI
S
CLASIFICACIONES
NOM
MENOS
MAS
Utilizado
JNC-VIII
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbasees/ptens3.html
HIPERTENSIN ARTERIAL
FISOPATOLOGA
Fauci AS , Kasper DL, Branwald E. Harrison Principios de Medicina Interna, 17a edicin Capitulo
FISIOPATOLOGA
PERFUSI
N RENAL
Hgad
o
Ri
n
RENINA
PRESIN
ARTERIAL
Clulas
endoteliale
s
Angiotensingen
o
ANGIOTENSINA
Pulm
n
Angiotensina
ECA
II
PRESIN
ARTERIAL
Resistencia
vascular
Volumen
extracelular
Receptores AT
Msculo liso
vascular
Capa glomerular
GLNDULA SUPRARRENAL
VASOCONSTRICCIN
H2 0
ALDOSTERONA
Reabsorcin de Na Nefrona
HIPERTENSIN ARTERIAL
CLASIFICACIN
ETIOLOGA
HIPERTENS
IN
ARTERIAL
SISTMICA
ESENCIAL O
PRIMARIA
SECUNDARI
A
90-95%
5-10%
ESTABLE
CRISIS
HIPERTENSI
VA
URGENCIA
HIPERTENSIVA
EMERGENCIA
HIPERTENSIVA
Fauci AS , Kasper DL, Branwald E. Harrison Principios de Medicina Interna, 17a edicin Capitulo
HIPERTENSIN ARTERIAL
CLASIFICACIN
CLASIFICACI
N
PAS
(mmHg)
PAD
(mmHg)
NORMAL
< 120
< 80
120-139
80-89
140-159
90-99
> 160
> 100
> 150
> 90
PREHIPERTEN
SIN
HAS ESTADIO
1
HAS ESTADIO
2
HIPERTENSIN
ARTERIAL
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
CLASIFICACIN
ENFERMEDAD HIPERTENSIVA ASOCIADA
AL EMBARAZO
Fauci AS , Kasper DL, Branwald E. Harrison Principios de Medicina Interna, 17a edicin Capitulo
HIPERTENSIN ARTERIAL
VALORACIN
PRESIN ARTERIAL
CUANTIFICACIN
Ogedegbe G, et al. Hypertension and Hypertensive Heart Disease: Principles and Techniques of
PRESIN ARTERIAL
CUANTIFICACIN
Ogedegbe G, et al. Hypertension and Hypertensive Heart Disease: Principles and Techniques of
PRESIN ARTERIAL
CUANTIFICACIN
Auscultar Cartidas
Cardiopulmonar
Hipertrofia de
ventrculo izquierdo
Desplazamiento
del choque punta
Tercero y cuarto
ruido
Estertores
crepitantes
Abdominal
Soplos
Diastlicos
continuos
A la derecha o
izquierda lnea
media
Fauci AS , Kasper DL, Branwald E. Harrison Principios de Medicina Interna, 17a edicin Capitulo
Tratamiento
Tratamiento
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
TRATAMIENTO
FARMACOLGICO
ABORDAJE
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION #1
INICIO DEL
TRATAMEINTO
En la poblacion general de 60
aos o ms, inicie el tratamiento
farmacologico para reducir la
presion arterial:
con una presion arterial sistolica
(PAS) ______ mmHg, o con una
presion arterial diastolica (PAD)
150 mmHg.
140
100
90
______
mmHg
mmHg
mmHg
mmHg
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION #1
INICIO DEL
TRATAMEINTO
En la poblacion general de 60
aos o ms, inicie el tratamiento
farmacologico para reducir la
presion arterial:
150 mmHg
con
una presion arterial sistolica
mmHg
(PAS) ______ 90
mmH
, o con una
presion arterial diastolica (PAD)
150 mmH140
100
90
______
mmHg
mmHg
mmHg
mmHg
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION #1
META DEL
TRATAMEINTO
En la poblacion general de 60
aos
o
ms,
se
brinda
tratamiento hasta una meta de
PAS menor de ______ mmHg y una
meta de PAD menor de ______
mmHg
150
140
100
90
mmHg
mmHg
mmHg
mmHg
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION #1
META DEL
TRATAMEINTO
En la poblacion general de 60
aos
o
ms,
se
brinda
mmHg
tratamiento 150
hasta
una meta de
PAS menor de90______
mmHgmmHg y una
meta de PAD menor de ______
mmH
150
140
100
90
mmHg
mmHg
mmHg
mmHg
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION #1
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION #2
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION #3
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION #4
18 a 70 aos de
edad con CrCl
60 mL/min/1.73m2
INICIO
PAS 140
mmHg
META
PAS 140
mmHg
INICIO
2
Cualquier edad con
albuminuria sin
importar su CrCl
PAD 90
mmHg
META
PAD 90
mmHg
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION #4
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION #4
Microalbumiruia
4% de la
poblacin sana
30% de los
pacientes
hipertensos
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION #4
-: menos de 10
mg/dL
+: 30 mg/dL
++: 100 mg/dL
+++: 300 a 1.000
mg/dL
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION #4
Proteinuria
(> 3 g/ 24 horas)
Beneficio en
terminos
de los eventos
renales solamente.
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION #5
HAS + DM
PAS 130 mmHg
INICIO
PAS 140
mmHg
META
PAS 140
mmHg
INICIO
PAD 90
mmHg
META
PAD 90
mmHg
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION #6
Si se excluye a los afroamericanos, en la poblacion general,
incluyendo a los diabeticos, el tratamiento inicial debe incluir
uno de los siguientes frmacos:
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION #6
Las 4 clases de frmacos recomendados tienen efectos comparables
sobre la mortalidad global y los eventos cardiovasculares,
cerebrovasculares y renales
EFECTIVIDAD
MEJORA EN
FALLA
CARDIACA
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION #6
NO se recomiendan como frmacos de primeral lnea
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION #6
NO se recomiendan como frmacos de primeral lnea
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION #7
En la poblacion de pacientes
afroamericanos el tratamiento
antihipertensivo inicial debe incluir un
bloqueador de los canales de calcio
o
diuretico tipo tiazida
SIN diabetes
CON diabetes
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION #8
En la poblacin de 18 anos o
mas con enfermedad renal
crnica
e
hipertensin,
el
tratamiento
antihipertensivo
inicial
(o
agregado)
debe
incluir un IECA o un ARA
para mejorar los eventos
renales.
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION #9
El principal objetivo del tratamiento es
alcanzar y mantener la presion
arterial meta.
Si esta no se alcanza en un mes de
tratamiento, aumente la dosis de la
droga inicial o agregue una segunda
droga de las clases mencionadas en la
recomendacion 6.
El medico debe continuar ajustando el
tratamiento hasta que se alcanza la
presion arterial meta. Si esta no se
alcanza aun, agregue y titule una
tercera droga de la lista.
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
No
blood
pressure
adults:
Report
panel
members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
useinun
IECA
y from
un the
ARA
juntos.
Ogedegbe G, et al. Hypertension and Hypertensive Heart Disease: Principles and Techniques of
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
JNC-8
SELECCIN DEL
FRMACO
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
JNC-8
SELECCIN DEL
FRMACO
Nifedipino
Amlodipino
Diltiazem
Verapamil
Color Atlas of Physiology, Agamemnon Despopoulos, Stefan Silbernagl, 1991, New York
JNC-8
INICIO DEL FRMACO