Algebra

del operador nabla

Operadores de primer orden
=

Gradiente:

Divergencia:

A =

ux +
uy +
uz
x
y
z
Ax Ay Az
+
+
x
y
z

Rotacional:

A =

Az
Ay
ux +

y
z

Ax Az
uy +

z
x

Ay
Ax
uz

x
y

Aplicaci
on sobre productos
()
(A)
(A)
(A B)
(A B)
(A B)

=
=
=
=
=
=

+
A + A
A + A
( A) B ( B) A
A( B) + (B )A B( A) (A )B
A ( B) + (A )B + B ( A) + (B )A

Operadores de segundo orden

() = 2 =

2 2 2
+
+ 2
x2 y 2
z

(Laplaciano)

() = 0
( A) = 0
( A) = ( A) 2 A

Identidades de Green
1a identidad: () = + 2

2a identidad: ( ) = 2 2

Resumen de f
ormulas de coordenadas curvilneas ortogonales
x = cos = r sen cos

x2 + y 2 = = r sen
y
==
arctg
x

y = sen = r sen sen

z=

r cos

x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 2 + z 2 = r

x2 + y 2
= arctg
=
arctg
z
z

= z = r cos

Diferencial de longitud:
dr = h1 dq1 u1 + h2 dq2 u2 + h3 dq3 u3
dr = dxux + dy uy + dzuz
dr = d u + d u + dzuz
dr = drur + r d u + r sen d u

arctg

y
x

Diferencial de volumen:
d = h1 h2 h3 dq1 dq2 dq3
d = dx dy dz
d = d d dz
d = r2 sen dr d d

Vector de posici
on:
r = xux + y uy + zuz
r = u + zuz
r = rur

hx = 1
h = 1
hr = 1

Factores de

 escala:
 r 


hi = 
qi 

Delta de Dirac:
(q1 q1
)(q2 q2
)(q3 q3
)
h1 h2 h3




(r r ) = (x x )(y y
)(z z
)

hy = 1
h =
h = r

hz = 1
hz = 1
h = r sen

(r r
) =

(
)(
)(z z
)

(r r
) =

(r r
)(
)(
)
r2 sen

(r r
) =

Gradiente:
ux = cos u sen u = sen cos ur + cos cos u sen u
uy = sen u + cos u = sen sen ur + cos sen u + cos u
uz =
uz
=
cos ur sen u
sen cos ux + sen sen uy + cos uz = sen u + cos uz = ur
cos cos ux + cos sen uy sen uz = cos u sen uz = u
sen ux + cos uy
=
u
= u

Vectores unitarios:
1 r
ui =
hi qi
cos ux + sen uy = u = sen ur + cos u
sen ux + cos uy = u =
u
uz
= uz = cos ur sen u

1
1
1
u1 +
u2 +
u3
h1 q1
h2 q2
h3 q3

=
=

ux +
uy +
uz
x
y
z

u +
u +
uz

1
1
ur +
u +
u
r
r
r sen






Az
Ax
Ay
Ay
Az
Ax

A=
ux +
uy +
uz
y
z
z
x
x
y






1 Az
A
A
Az
1 (A ) A

A=
u +
u +
uz

z
z







(sen A ) A
1 Ar
(rA )
1
1
1 (rA ) Ar

A=
ur +
u +
u
r sen

r sen
r
r
r

Rotacional:

 h1 u1 h2 u2



1


A =
h1 h2 h3  q1
q2

h A h A
1

A=

1
h1 h2 h3

Divergencia:
(A1 h2 h3 ) (h1 A2 h3 ) (h1 h2 A3 )
+
+
q1
q2
q3

A=
A=
A=


h3 u3 


q3 

h A 

Ay
Az
Ax
+
+
x
y
z

Az
1 (A ) 1 A
+
+


z

1 (sen A )
1 A
1 (r2 Ar )
+
+
2
r
r
r sen

r sen


2 =

1
h1 h2 h3

q1

Laplaciano:





h2 h3
h1 h3
h1 h2

+
+
h1 q1
q2
h2 q2
q3
h3 q3

2 2 2
+ 2 + 2
x2
y
z


1
2

1 2
2 =
+ 2

+ 2
2

z





1
1

1
2 = 2
r2
+ 2
sen
+ 2
2
r r
r
r sen

r sen 2
2 =