Matemática IV

1) Usar la transformada de Laplace para resolver el problema de valor inicial

siguiente:

y + y = e−t cos(t ) ; y(0) = 0 , y(0) = 0

y + y = e −t cos(t ) ; y (0) = 0 , y(0) = 0
L  y + y  = L  e cos(t ) −t

L  y + L  y  = L e cos(t ) −t

s +1
s 2Y ( s) − sy (0) − y(0) +  sY ( s) − y (0)  = 1 A Cs + D
( s + 1) +1 = + 2
2

s ( s 2 + 2s + 2 ) s s + 2s + 2
s +1
s 2Y ( s ) + sY ( s ) = 1 = A ( s 2 + 2s + 2 ) + (Cs + D) s
( s + 1) +1
2

s +1 1 = As 2 + 2 As + 2 A + Cs 2 + Ds
(s 2
+ s ) Y (s) =
1 = ( A + C ) s 2 + (2 A + D) s + 2 A
( s + 1) +1
2

s +1 A Cs + D A=
1
A+C = 0 → C = −
1
2 A + D = 0 → D = −1 5%
Y (s) = = + 2 10%
s ( s + 1) ( s + 2s + 2 ) s s + 2s + 2
2 2 2
1
Y (s) =
s ( s + 2s + 2 )
2

1
− s −1
11
Y (s) =   + 2 2
2  s  s + 2s + 2
1
− s −1
11
Y (s) =   + 2 2
2  s  s + 2s + 1 + 1
1 1
− ( s + 1) + − 1
11 2 2
Y (s) =   +
2 s ( s + 1) + 1
2

1 1
11
− ( s + 1) −
Y (s) =   + 2 2
2 s ( s + 1) + 1
2

1  1  1  s +1  1  1 
Y (s) =   −  −  
2  s  2  ( s + 1) + 1  2  ( s + 1) + 1 
 2
  2

1 1  1  s + 1  1 
−1  1 
L −1
Y ( s) = L −1
 − L −1
 − L  
s 2  ( s + 1) + 1  2  ( s + 1) + 1 
2 2
2

1 1  1 −1  s  1 −1  1 
y (t ) = L −1
 − L  2
+
− L  2
+

2 s 2  s 1 s → s +1  2  s 1 s → s +1 

1 1 −t −1  s  1 −t −1  1 
y (t ) = − e L
 2 − e  2  L
2 2  s + 1 2  s + 1
1 1 1
y (t ) = − e −t cos(t ) − e −t sen(t )
2 2 2
1
y (t ) = 1 − e − t cos(t ) − e − t sen(t )  10%
2
Matemática IV

2) Dada la función F( s ) =  − tan −1 ( s ) , calcular L F 

−1
(s)
2


F( s ) = − tan −1 ( s )
2
d 1
 F( s )  = − 2 2%
ds s +1
d 1
−  F( s )  = 2 2%
ds s +1
L t f(t )  = s 21+ 1 10%
−1  1 
t f (t ) = L  2  4%
 s + 1
t f (t ) = sen(t )
sen(t )
f (t ) = 2%
t
Matemática IV

 
 s2  . Simplifique su respuesta.
3) Calcular L −1
 2 2

 ( s + 4) 
 

 
 s2   s s 
L −1
 2 2
= L −1
 2  2 
( ) 
 s + 4 s + 4 s + 4

=  cos ( 2 ) cos ( 2t − 2 )d

t

1 t
cos ( 4 − 2t ) + cos ( 2t ) d 10%
2 0 
=

1  sen ( 4 − 2t )
t

=  +  cos ( 2t ) 
2 4 0
1  sen ( 2t ) sen(−2t ) 
=  + t cos(2t ) −  10%
2 4 4 
1  sen ( 2t ) 
=  + t cos(2t ) 
2 2 
1
=  sen ( 2t ) + 2t cos(2t )  5%
4
Matemática IV

4) Determinar la transformada de Laplace de la función f (t ) = f (t +T ) que se muestra

en la figura siguiente:

1  
 
a 2a
− st
F (s) = e (1)dt + e − st (−1)dt  8%
1 − e −2 as  0 a 
T = 2a 2%
1  1 − st a 1 − st 2a

F (s) = − e + e 
1 − e −2 as  s 0 s a 

F (s) =
1 ( e − as )2 − 2e − as + 1 10%
(
s 1 − ( e − as )
2
)  

F (s) =
1 ( e − as − 1)2 
(
s 1 − ( e − as )
2
)  

(1 − e− as )
2

F (s) =
s (1 − e − as )(1 + e − as )
1 − e − as
F (s) = 10%
s (1 + e − as )
Matemática IV

Otra forma
1 , 0  t  a

F (s) =
1
L  g (t )  g (t ) = −1 , a  t  2a
1 − e − sT 0 ,
 t  2a
T = 2a 2%
g (t ) = 11 − u (t − a)  − 1u (t − a) − u (t − 2a ) 
g (t ) = 1 − u (t − a) − u (t − a ) + u (t − 2a )
g (t ) = 1 − 2u (t − a ) + u (t − 2a )
G ( s ) = L 1 − 2 L u (t − a) + L u(t − 2a) 8%
1 2 e − as e −2 as
G (s) = − +
s s s
G ( s ) = (1 − e − as )
1 2
10%
s
 1  1 
F ( s) = 
1− e
−2 as  
 s 
(1 − e )
− as 2

F (s) =
(1 − e ) − as 2

s (1 − e )(1 + e )
− as − as

1 − e − as
F (s) = 10%
s (1 + e − as )
Matemática IV

1) Usar la transformada de Laplace para resolver el problema de valor inicial

siguiente:

y − y = et cos(t ) ; y(0) = 0 , y(0) = 0

y − y = e t cos(t ) ; y ( 0 ) = 0 ; y ( 0 ) = 0
L  y − y  = L  e t cos(t )
L  y − L  y  = L e t cos(t )
s −1
s 2Y ( s ) − sy (0) − y(0) −  sY ( s) − y (0)  =
( s − 1) +1
2

s −1
s 2Y ( s ) − sY ( s ) = Cs + D
( s − 1) +1 1 A
2
= + 2
s ( s 2 − 2s + 2 ) s s − 2s + 2
s −1
(s 2
− s ) Y (s) = 1 = A ( s 2 − 2 s + 2 ) + (Cs + D ) s
( s − 1) +1
2

1 = As 2 − 2 As + 2 A + Cs 2 + Ds
s −1
Y (s) = 1 = ( A + C ) s 2 + ( D − 2 A) s + 2 A
s ( s − 1) ( s 2 − 2s + 2 )
1 1
A= A+C = 0 → C = − D − 2 A = 0 → D = 1 5%
1 A Cs + D
Y (s) = = + 2 10% 2 2
s ( s − 2s + 2 ) s s − 2s + 2
2

1
Y (s) =
s ( s − 2s + 2 )
2

1
− s +1
11
Y (s) =   + 2 2
2  s  s − 2s + 2
1
− s +1
11
Y (s) =   + 2 2
2  s  s − 2s + 1 + 1
1 1
− ( s − 1) − + 1
11 2 2
Y (s) =   +
2 s ( s − 1) + 1
2

1 1
11
− ( s − 1) +
Y (s) =   + 2 2
2 s ( s − 1) + 1
2

1  1  1  s −1  1  1 
Y (s) =   −  +  
2  s  2  ( s − 1) + 1  2  ( s − 1) + 1 
 2
  2

1 1  1  s − 1  1 
−1  1 
L −1
Y ( s) = L −1
 − L −1
 + L  
s 2  ( s − 1) + 1  2  ( s − 1) + 1 
2 2
2

1 1  1 −1  s  1 −1  1 
y (t ) = L −1
 − L  2
+
+ L  2
+

2 s 2  s 1 s → s −1  2  s 1 s → s −1 

1 1 t −1  s  1 t −1  1 
y (t ) = − e L
 2 + e  2  L
2 2  s + 1 2  s + 1
1 1 1
y (t ) = − et cos(t ) + et sen(t )
2 2 2
1
y (t ) = 1 − et cos(t ) + et sen(t )  10%
2
Matemática IV

2) Dada la función F( s ) = tan −1   , calcular L F 

1 −1
(s)
s

1
F( s ) = tan −1  
s

1
−
d s2
 F( s )  = 2%
ds  1
+1
s2
d 1
−  F( s )  = 2 2%
ds s +1
L t f(t )  = s 21+ 1 10%
−1  1 
t f (t ) = L  2  4%
 s + 1
t f (t ) = sen(t )
sen(t )
f (t ) = 2%
t
Matemática IV

 
 s2  . Simplifique su respuesta.
3) Calcular L −1
 2 2 

 ( s + 16 ) 
 

 
 s2   s s 
L −1
 2 2
= L −1
 2  2 
( ) 
 s + 16  s + 16 s + 16 

=  cos ( 4 ) cos ( 4t − 4 )d

t

1 t
cos ( 8 − 4t ) + cos ( 4t ) d 10%
2 0 
=

1  sen ( 8 − 4t )
t

=  +  cos ( 4t ) 
2 8 0
1  sen ( 4t ) sen(−4t ) 
=  + t cos(4t ) −  10%
2 8 8 
1  sen ( 4t ) 
=  + t cos(4t ) 
2 4 
1
=  sen ( 4t ) + 4t cos(4t )  5%
8
Matemática IV

4) Determinar la transformada de Laplace de la función f (t ) = f (t +T ) que se muestra

en la figura siguiente:

1  
 
a 2a
− st
F (s) = e (1)dt + e − st (−1)dt  8%
1 − e −2 as  0 a 
T = 2a 2%
1  1 − st a 1 − st 2a

F (s) = − e + e 
1 − e −2 as  s 0 s a 

F (s) =
1 ( e − as )2 − 2e − as + 1 10%
(
s 1 − ( e − as )
2
)  

F (s) =
1 ( e − as − 1)2 
(
s 1 − ( e − as )
2
)  

F (s) =
(1 − e ) − as 2

s (1 − e )(1 + e )
− as − as

1 − e − as
F (s) = 10%
s (1 + e )
− as
Matemática IV

Otra forma
1 , 0  t  a

F (s) =
1
L  g (t )  g (t ) = −1 , a  t  2a
1 − e − sT 0 ,
 t  2a
T = 2a 2%
g (t ) = 11 − u (t − a)  − 1u (t − a) − u (t − 2a ) 
g (t ) = 1 − u (t − a) − u (t − a ) + u (t − 2a )
g (t ) = 1 − 2u (t − a ) + u (t − 2a )
G ( s ) = L 1 − 2 L u (t − a) + L u(t − 2a) 8%
1 2 e − as e −2 as
G (s) = − +
s s s
G ( s ) = (1 − e − as )
1 2
10%
s
 1  1 
F ( s) = 
1− e
−2 as  
 s 
(1 − e )
− as 2

F (s) =
(1 − e ) − as 2

s (1 − e )(1 + e )
− as − as

1 − e − as
F (s) = 10%
s (1 + e − as )