\\ siya!

f
 TOJIEO

Nepeso, H. I. EnudaHueson

ABTOOCKNe nasa Ha BOCNPOM3BEACHNE, YACTMYHO MAM MOAHOCTbIO, COXDAHAIOTCA 34

VBAaTEABCTBOM.
ABTOPCKNe N|AaBa Ha MOTOFPAdUV VM AUTEPATYPHbIM TEKCT:
© EDITORIAL ESCUDO DE ORO, S. A, — Palaudarias, 26 — 08004 Barcelona
(cnauna).
© 3AO «KamnaHa», nepeBo,, 1998.

AVTePaTYPHbIA TeKCT ABHHOFO V3AaHMA, POTOrDAdYK, MOHTAK VY PenOOAYKUNa

LI@AKKOM Vi MOAHOCTbIO Pa3aOOTAHbl V BbINOAHEHb! TEXHMYECKMM CNeLMaAVCTaMn
vaaaTeAbcTBa GAVTOPVANb SCKYAO AE OPO, AO».

ISBN 84-378-2027-8
Dep. Legal B. 19881-1998

EDITORIAL ESCUDO DE ORO, S.A.

Bud 2opoda Tonedo c Beicomb: nmuybezo nonema
MPEAMCAOBME: MCTOPMYECKMM OUEPK
VU PASBMTME FOPOAA TOAEAO
Npnexas B TOAeAO, NYTELUECTBEHHMK OTKPbIBACT AAA COA OK-
PYKEHHOS CTEHAMM CKONACHN™S AOMOB, PACNOAOXEHHbIX Ha
FOPHbIX CKAOHAX LiB@Ta OxPbI. Peka Taxo, YNOPHO nNpobuBas
FOPHbIe NOPOAbI, CTEKACT BHV3 VW ONOACHIBGET 3AAMTbIM COAH-
LEM FOPOA. Mpexae 4eMm yrAYOUTbCA B ADEBHIOIO MiCTOPUIIO To-
A@AO Vi AAOUPUHT @FO YAOYEK, HACA@AMMCA. BUAOM FOPOAa BO
BCEM CFO BEAMMU C Gepera Y3KOrO YLIEAbS, OTKYAA BbITeKaeT
TaxO Ha CBO@M NYT K TOAeAO. Peka OrnOaeT rOpOA,.U KaxkAaa
TOUKa V3AYYMHb! TaXO OTKPbIBACT HAM BEAMKOACNHYIO MAHOPAMy
Toneao. C 6eAbBeaepa, PAaCNOAO*KeHHOFO BOAN3M CKUTa BUID-
X@H A@Ab BaAbe, TAKXKE KAK C ACFEHAADHONM MeHba AeAb Pert
Mopo, van Cc NAOWAAKM [lapaaop HacboHanb OTKObIBaeTCA Na-
Hopama ropoAa, CTaBWad COWe3BeECTHOM: PasHODOAHOeY
CKONACHNS HEOOABLUMX XKVABIX AOMOB NECOYHOTO LIBeTa C BO3-
BbILU@IOLUMUCA HAA HUM OaLUHAM AAbKacapa 1 FOPOACKOrO
Co6opa. O6a 3AaHia, C UX MHOFOUICACHHBIM CTVAM30BaHHbI-
MA M@BDVTaHCKMM O@LUHAMM, CO3A@IOT KOHTP@CT C OF OOMHbIM
KYMOAOM COOopa CaH XyaH Ae AOC Peltec. CTapviHHbilt KBaPTaA
TOA@AO — 3TO HACTOALLIN TOPOA-My3ei/. MOeKpaCHbIN afpXxuTeK-
TYPHO-UCTOPUYECKU AHCAMOAb, CAMKMBLUMCA HA NPOTAKE-
HIM Pa3HbIX SNOX, OObABACH B 1987 r. KOHECKO AoctosHiem
Y@AOBEYECTBA.
Kak BEOHOS OTPAXKEHUS CBOeTO CAABHOFO NOOWAOTO, TODOA
NDSACTACT NO@XKAE BCeTO B HECO@BHEHHOM CP@AHEBEKOBOM
OOAUKE, KAKU TOA, KOFAa TOACAO ObIA OAHMM 113 KOYNHEMLUMX
UU BAUATEABHEMLUUX LICHTOOB MMPDOBONM KYAbTYPbI. ETO Tak M Ha-
3bIBaAM: TOACAO — TOPOA THeX KYAbTYP. KYAbTYPHOe M PeAUTU-
O3HOE CAMSHUE EBOSEB, MYCYAbMAH VW XOUCTHAH NPUXOAMTCA Ha
nepuoa HaUNHas C VIII B., MOCAe TOFO, KAK TOPOA ObIA 3aBOeBAH
apa6amu, a 3aTeM, B 1085 r., OKOHYATEAbHO NEPELUCA B PYKU
XPUCTUAH, NOOAOAXKAETCA AO KOHUA XV B., KOTAA ObIA V3AH
yka3 06 U3rHaHn eBpees (1492 1.) u MaBpos (1502 r.). Mao-
AOM 3TOFO B3QUMHOLO KYAbTYPHO NOOHMKHOBEHMS B AOXUTEK-
TYP CT@A MABPVITAHCKM CTVAb, CTOAb XADAKTEPHbI AAA CTAaPO-
FO TOAeAO. Mpasaa, K TOMY BO@MEHU FOPOA Ye OAVCTAA BO
BCeN CBOeN KPaCOTe KaK CTOAMUA BECTTOTCKOFO KOPOAEBCTBA,
FAC NOOXOAVIAM V3BECTHbIe LIEPKOBHbIe COGOPbI. BNOCAeACTBU
TOA@AO CT@HET LICHTOOM OYOHOrO pasBuTMa McnaHcKoro Bo3-
POKACHMA. ACUCTBUTEAbHO, VMS FOPOAA HEPA3/bIBHO CBAZAHO
C XYAOXKHNKOM JAb [oekoO. A NO MH@HMIO MHOFMXx aBTOPOB (M1
3TO HE CACAYET 3AObIBATb), UCTOPUA TOACAO 3aKAIOYaeT B CeOe
UCcTOpUio Bcen UicnaHuu.
C APeBHEULWUX BOSMEH PELUAIOLUIWM MAKTOPOM B PasBVITMn [O-
POAa ObIAO ero CTPATerMYeCKOS NOAOXKEHNE: HAXOAACb B Ca-
MOM LI@HTpe V6epuiickoro NOAYOCTPOBAa, Ha CKAAMCTON BOsBbI-
WEHHOCTN, TOACAO, KOTOPbIA PACKUHYACA NO Geperam peku
Taxo Ha 1,5 KMB AAMHY VV 1 KMB LWUHY, ObIA NOAKTUYECKU He-
MOUCTyNeH. V3BECTHO, YTO BO BOSMeHA KeAbTHOEPULeB 3AeCb
YKE CYLUECTBOBAAA TEDOVTOPUA, HasbiBaBLUgeca KapnetaHua. B
192 r. nocaAe PX. STOT AHKAaB ObIA 3ABOeBAH ACTMOHAMM Mapka
Dyabsua HoOuavopa UU, NOAYYMB Ha3BaHe TOAeTYM, CT@A KAIO-
YeBON TOUKOM AVHMN 3aLUVTbl BAOAb TEYeHUsa Deki Taxo. Ceroa-
HA B TOAZAO HE CAMLUKOM MHOFO OCTATKOB PUMCKONM 3NOXN, HO
AOW@AWNe AO HAC PYNHb! CBUACTEAbCTBYIOT O TOM, YTO H@KOFAa
3ACCb CYLSCTBOBAA KPYNHbIN FOPOA. OH Pacnoaaran amouTeat-
(OM, KOTOPbI HAXOAMACA, NO MH@HMIO HEKOTOPbIX UCCACAOBA-
TeACU, Ha MECTe COBPEMEHHOLO KBapTaa /\ac KOBaXY3AAC.
Bud cmapunnoeo KGapmana co cmopontl [eHes den’ Peti Mopo
PyuHel pumckozo yupKa 6 Beza Baxa
B PUMCKOM FropOAe ObIA LINK, BMeELUIABLUN 30 ThICAY 3puTeAen:
@fO PYVHEMU MOKHO BOCXULU@TbCA VW CerOAHa B Bera Baxa. Pum-
AAHAMM ObIA BOZBEACHA YACTb FODOACKOM CT@HbI M CTaDUHHbIi
MOCT AAbKaHTapa. OH NOCTOOMAM TaKKE CUCTEMY BOAOCTOKA,
YACTb KOTODON MDYHKUMOHMUPOBAAA CLUE B HAYaAe HalUero Beka.
B Hauane pacnadAa PumcKon umnepuy, B 411 6. nocAe PX., ro-
DOA CT@A ACrKOU AOObINe BABHOB, a HEMHOFO NO3xKe, B 418 6.,
ObIA 3AXBAYCH BECTTOTaMn. Mo3aHee, 8 554 r., KOPOAb ATaHa-
MAbA N€PeBeA B TOACAO CBOK ABOP, 2B 569 Fr. non AeosBn-
TMAbAS FOPOA CTAA OMULIVAABHOM CTOAUUEM BECTTOTCKOFO KO-
POABCTBA MM LIEHTDOM AYXOBEHCTBA. STUM COObITKEM OTKOBIBA-
ETCANEPNOA OACCTALUETO PaCLiBeTAa, HALUEALWerO OTPAXKeHNe B
NPOBEASHMI LIEDKOBHbIX COFOPOB B TOAGAO. OHM NDSACTABAS-
MA COOONM FEHEPAAbHbIe ACCAaMOACM MU HOCMAN NOAUTUKO-PeAV-
rMOBHbI XaPAKTEP. COBOPb! CO3bIBAAMCb KODOAEM MW NDOXOAM-
MM NOA NPEABOAMTEABCTBOM apxvennuckona TOAeACKoro. Ha
cobopax OOcyKABAUCb KAK PEAVMO3HbIe AOFMbI, TAK VW OPUYAN-
YECKNE YU NOAMTMYECKue TeMbI. IIl-4 COBOP, NDOXOAMBLUN B
589 [., CUUTaeTCA 3HAMEHATEABHEMUMM COObITHEM — OH ObIA
CO3BaH KOPOAEM PEKKaDEAOM M NDOXOAMA NOA HaYaAOM CaH
Aeakapa. Cob0p yTBEDANA OTPeYEHN] KOPOAA OT aVAHCTBa VU
@fO NEPEXOA B KATOANYECKYIO BEPY, NOAOKNB TEM CaMbIM HaYa-
AO NOAMTUYECKOLO U PEAUFUO3HOFO OObEANHEHNA VicnaHun,
VIII-A co6op 653 roaa, CO3BAHHbIA KODOAEM PeKU@CBMHTOM,
YIBEPANA DEAAKLIUNIO GOAbWEN YacTn Fuero JuZgO — CBOAa
KOPUANYECKUX HOPM TOM 3noxn. [PUMepHO B TO Xe Bema,
npn Kopone BamOe, YKPeNAAIOTCA CTEHbI FOPOAG, FOAHMUb! KO-
TOPOFO Ha CeBEP|e AOXOANMY AO MlyapTa A@Ab COAb. Ha TOM
M@CTE, TAS NOCTDOCH COBDEMEHHbI FOPOACKON CO6OP, HaxO-
AMACA XPM, U BECb FOPOA CUAA BEAUUNEM CBOUX ABOPLOB M
uepKBen. K COKAACHUIO, AO HAC HE AOWAO HM OAHOTO L@AOTO
3AQHUA TOM SNOXU, KOTOPOe NO3BOAMAO Obi HAM OLIGHMTb 3TO
 Myzeu yepkobHeix co60p06 u Gecmeomckou Kynemypol: GeiceyeHHole Ha
kamue qbpaemexmer VII/-U meccbl, HaUdeHHbIe padom co cKumom Kpucmo
de na Bexa

HaCAe Ane. O HEM Mbl MOXKEM CYAMTb AVLUb MO HEMHOFOUCACH-

HbIM OCTATKAM, KOTOPbIe K TOMY Ke ObIAM UCNOAb3OBAHbI NPM
CTPOUTEABCTBE NOZAHMX COOPYXKEHUN. UaCTb OCTAaTKOB COOpa-
Ha B KOAA@KLIIO FOPOACKOrFO My3ea COOOPOB UU BECTTOTCKON
KYAbTYPbI, 3AHMMAIOLeFO US PKOBb CaH PomaH. C NOUXOAOM B
TOA@AO MYCYAbMGH B 711 F. (B TOM Ke FOAY, KOAa OH NOsB-
MMCb Ha WOepuucKOM NOAYOCTPOBE) HAYMHaeTCA HOBbIM Stan
Pa3BUTUA TOPOAA, OCTABMBLUN FAYOOKUI CAA B EFO MCTOPUN.
B OOWX YepTaX, STOT STAN XADAKTEOUZyeETCA YCUACHMIEM KYAb-
TYPHOFO OOMEHA, CTABLUETO BO3MOXHbIM OAaFOAaNA NOOBEAC-
HUIO NOAUTHKU DEAMFMO3HOU TepnuMmoctu. HacereHve ropoaa
OTAUYAAOCb MHOFOHALMOHAAbHbIM XADAKTEDOM: OHO ObIAO
CODOPMUPOBAHO M43 MYCYAbM@H, COA KOTOPHIX ObIAY TaKxKe
XPUCTNAHE, NOVHABLUNe UicAam (muladies), u xOUcTUaHe, nepe-
HABLUUS TOABKO @DAOCKYIO HALIVOH@ABHYIO KYABTYPY U OA@KAY
(mozarabes), a TaWKe 13 EBDEEB, KOTOPbIe 13AaBHa NOOKUBAM
B TOA@AO. YUacTO STO HaCeAeHN]e OYHTOBAAO NPOTUB BAACTEM,
COCPAOTOYEHHbIX B KOPAOBE, HO KaXKAbIA a3 BOCCTAHMA KEC-
TOKO NOAABAAMM Cb. Tak 3AKOHYNAOCCb, HANOUMEP, BOCCTAHNe
807 r. Jornada del Foso, u3BecTHOe Take NOA Ha3BaHVeM Io-
A@ACKAA HOU, KOFAa ObIA OO@3rAABAGHbI BCE YACHbI FOPOACKON
aPUCTOKpAaTUN. [OPOA COPEA OTHOCUTAbHbI MUD A CT@A LIGHT-
DOM YYCHOCTU B NpaBAeHue AOA-3Ab-Paxmada Ill, a8 1035 r.,
nocae pacnaaa KopaoscKoro xanvdata, TOAZAO CTaHOBUTCA
CTOAMUGM SMUPATA VU COXPAHACT STOT.TUTYA AO BECHbI 1085 F.,
KOFA@ FOPOA ObIA 3ABORBAH XPUCTUAHCKUMM BOMCKaMM NOA
NDSABOAMTEAbCTBOM AAbOOHCa VI, KOpOAA KacTMAun MW AZOHA.
BA@AbINECTBO MYCYAbM@H B TEUEHUE NOUTU YETbIDEX BEKOB HAAO-
KAO OTNEYATOK Ha CTPYKTYPY TODOAAa TyAaMTyAbl (TAK B TO BPe- aes ag¢tee
aii4
MS Ha3bIBAACA TOA@AO), KOTOPAA COXPAHMAACb AO HALUVX AHEV B bi atone SOAS
( a
BUAG ABOMPMHTA Y3KUX KONMBbIX YAOYEK. PacluupeHne ToAeAo a 5 :
LAO B CEBEAHOM HaNpaBAeHun, [Ae ObIAM CO3A@HbI NOSAMECTbA
CaHTbaro u AHTeKBeEpIO3Aa. 3aBOeBAHNE FOMOAS XOUCTMAGHaMN B
1085 r. He BHECAO KAKUX-AMOO CYLUCCTBEHHbIX U3MEHEHM B FO
OOK , BO-MePBbIX, NOTOMY YTO B3aTNe TOAGAO NPOWAO 6e3
Pa3PYWeHUN, BCACACTBNE NOANMCAHUA NakTa O CAaYe FOPOAA,
BO-BTOPbIX, 13-3 OFPOMHOFO BNeYATACHUA, KOTODOe NPON3Be-
AO HA 3aBOeBaTeAeN apaOckoe ucKyccTBO. HaynHas Cc STOO
BD@MEHU, TOACAO HE PACLUUPSAET CBOV FOAHULIbI, 2 AVWb Pe-
KOHCTPYUPYeTCA B NOSACAAX FOPOACKMX CTEH.
Kak yKe ObIAO CKA3HO, %KU3Hb MYCYAbMAH, 2BDZEB VU XOVICTUGH 8
COOOLIECTBE NDOAOAKAAACb Vu NOCAE TOFO, KaK TOACAO Nepe-
 7. ana ae
he Pi) oe v
oe
ANN) ; : i
Nal iy 3 |See > aN
1 ne
rt }
Bee
i i
NNN
WL
ne
ee RON

J WU

. eT caaail
= = sy >
4,

Mihi.

Cmapeili KBapman zopoda npedcmabasem cobou Yenbili OKeGH KpbIw

cnycKaroluuxca meppacamu domoG, Komopele o6pasytom aabupuam
MONEHKUL YNOYEK

WeA B 1085 Ff. NOA XOUCTMAHCKOe NDABAeHUe. VMEHHO 3STOT
BTOPOM NEPVOA UCTOPUN TOACAO — FOPOAA TOeX KYAbTYP — Xa-
pakTepu3yeTCA HAVOOALUVIM PACLIBETOM, OCHOBOM KOTOPOFO
CTAAO CTOAb YA@YHOS COCYLIECTBOBAHNE HANDOACB, NPaBAa,
BOEMA OT BOEMEHU OTMEY@HHOE KOHOAMKTAMM. HanlieHHen-
LUM MACAOM STOO COCYLUECTBOBAHMA MOXKHO CYUTAaTb CO3Aa-
Hie LUKOAbI NEPEBOANNKOB TOACAO, ACATEABHOCTb KOTOPON
OKa3aAa CUAbHO™ BAMAHMe Ha 3aNaAHYIO KYAbTYpYy. He BCeMM
MPUZHACTCA CYLUECTBOBAHNE TAKOM LWKOAbI, HO PAKT , YTO B XIl-
XIII B. pa6oTaAAa rPyNna NepeBOAUUKOB, KOTOPbIe NepeBeAu
apaOckue KHIM M KAaCcuYecknue NpoV3BeAeHna ADUCTOTeAS,
FanbeHa uu MToAemes. HeAb39 3A6bIBaTb, YTO K TOMY BO@MEHM
BCE STV NOOM3BEACHMA ObIAM YTDAYEHbI, 1 3aNAAHbI MUD 3HAA O
HX TOABKO MO apaOcKum NepeBoAam. PadoTa nepeBoAynKOB
TOA@AO, B UCAS NOOUUX 3HAYMTEABHBIX AOCTUKEHI, CTAAA BO3-
MOXKHOM OAAFOAAPA XOUCTHAHAM, 3HABLUUM ADaOCKN A3bIK
(mozarabes) u eBpeam, NPeKPACHO BAaACBLUMM apaOckuM VU
AQTUHCKUIM 93bIKaMM,, @ TAKE OAAFOAANA NOAACOXKE UCKAIOU-
T@AbHbIX AAYHOCTENM, COA KOTOPbIX — KODOAb AAbOOHC X MyA-
DbI. PACLUBET KYAbTYPbl CONPOBOXKAAACA SKOHOMMYECKMM POC-
TOM, 4 TAKE YNOOUeHNeM L@OKOBHOM BAacTn. B 1088 r., nocAe
OKOHYATEABHOFO XOUCTMAHCKOrO 3aBOeBaHNA, Yad II nepeBeA
B TOA@AO FAABHYIO PE3MACHUMIO NANcKOrO NpecToAa. BOAbAA
M@YeTb, KOTODAA OblAa NOCTPOEHA Ha M@CTe BECTTOTCKOFO xpa-
Ma, B CBOIO OYePeAb, ObiAa NEDEOHOPYAOBAHA B FODOACKON
CO6OP. OAHAKO PAOOTbI NO COZAaHNIO COB/PEMeHHOrO XPaMa
ObIAM H@YATbI AMLUb B 1226 r. TOAGAO, Kak MMNEPCKNK FOpOA,
COXPAHNA CBO NOAMTUYECKOS 3HAY@HNE VU NOCAE TOPO, KK B
1561 r. no yKa3y Ouaunna Il CTOAMUa KOPOAeBCTBA ObIAa Nepe-
BeEACHAa B MaApuA.
BTO COObITHE UMEAO ONDEACACHHbIE NOCACACTBUA AAA SKOHO-
MUY@CKONM KU3HU TOAGAO. Ero HaCeAeHNe YMEHbLMAOCb C 10
TbICAY CEMeN, NOOXMBABLUUX B FOPOAE B KOHLe XVI B., AO 5 TbI-
cau B 1646 r. UV TOAbKO NOeObIBAHNe BbICLUe LEOKOBHOM BAaC-
TV B FODOAE NOZBOMAO V30e@ATb CLUS OOAbWErO ynaAKa. TO-
A@AO OCTAACH AYXOBHOM CTOAMUeN VicnaHiu. HykKHO OTMeTHTb,
YTO APXUENUCKONI TOACACKNE BCEIAa MTPaAN 3HAYVTEABHYIO
DOAb B NOKPOBUTEAbCTBE KYABTYPb! 1 GOABLUMX HAYMHAHII.
B XVIII B. FOpOA PACNOAAraA NOOUBETAIOLIMMN TEKCTMAbHbIMYA
MaHydakTypamn, B STO xe BDems, B 1748 r., COZzAaeTCA KOpo-
A@BCKAA KOMNAHMA TOPFOBM, i NOOMbILUACHHOCTH. Ho nepvoa
MNPOUBETAHUA OKAZAACA CKOPOTEYHbIM. BEAYLUYIO POAb TOAGAO
BHOBb OOP@A MLb B CBI3M C HEKOTODbIMM NOAMTHYECKUMH CO-
ObITHAMM, TAKUM, KaK BOMHa 3a He3aBucumocir (80 Bpema
STON BOMHbI, B 1810 r., DO@HLIY3CKUMU BOUCKAMM ObIA COKKEH
3MOK AAbKaCap), WA [oa KAaHCKaA BOMHA, BO BOEMA KOTOPON,
B 1936 f., 3aMOK HAXOANACS B OCaAe. BO3DOxAeHNe TOACAO
NDOVZOWAO NO3Ke, OCOHeEHHO NOCcAe 1983 F., KOFAa FODOA
CT@A LCHTPOM @BTOHOMHOrO CoobuecTBa KactMann-Aa Maxi.
Ho yxxe B 60-e roAbl, NOCAS CO3AAHMA NOAMOHA, Pasrpy3ViBLe-
ro MaApud, B FOPOAe HAMETMACA NOABEM NPOMbILUACHHOFO
NPONZBOACTBA. TOACAO COXDAHAT CBOS UCTOPUYECKOE AOCTO-
SHU, OAATOAADA KOTOPOMY OH OCTACTCA OAHMM 143 MHTepeC-
HENLWAX TOPOAOB Mpa.

Tep6 eopoda Tonedo c uz06paxxenuem umnepamopcKoeo opyrKkua

u d6yenabo20 opna ykpawaem Gopoma Can Mapmux

E SYAOR XS EJ SABG
NDOG CORREG-D-FR 4
DIF IC VARGAS LEZ AMA CAND
LARRIUIISNADA OR DED BD EALATRAMS
JURTADECIYCO* CONS. DS) MAGENEL PE
IAN DOL." ! TAZIENDAYCOMISSARION]
HEJOR ADOEMILANIATER I WIOSLIP TR 7 Dt
EFORMADO FINILAOBR DIOR DE}
PADOLMESPACIOS YLVIS DVILLALE
IMOSLRALE NOV) IUANCO. REGIDORES
NMDO ELIEXEN PIO “DRO CARRA
SSADO ALTENTA sABRIET
NWEESE YO ALOS DIA
NIDERO
fly3pma Hy3Ga de bucaepa (HoGeie Gopoma)
BACTMOH HA PEKE TAXO: 3AMKN, TOPOACKME
CTEHbI, BOPOTA UV MOCTbI TOAEAO
OH ONOACAH CTEHOM M PeKON,
BeAUMe Vv AOOACCTb 9BARA COON.
KaK BUAHO M13 STUX CTPOK, NOUHAAASxALUUX Aone Ae Bera, ro-
DOA NPCACTAeT NePeA B3OPOM 3ae3XKETO HAOAIOAATEAA KAK He-
NOUCTYNHbIA BAcTUOH. HO CTOUT MOUOANZUTbCA K TODOACKMM
BOPOTAM MM CNYCTHTbCS K Geperam PeKU, KaK OOHAaDYXKUBAeLLb,
YTO @€ MOCTbI — STO ABAHFaPA TOACACKOFO FOCTENOUUMCTBA.
TaxO ONOACbIBACT FOPOA C TOeX CTOPOH: C BOCTOYHOM, 1OKHOM
VY 3NaAHON, TOFAa Kak Ha CeBeEPe FOPOA NPUMbIKaeT K BO3BbI-
WEHHOM PaBHMHe (meseta) GoAbWOrO KacTUAbCKOFO NAOCKO-
ropba. UM@HHO Ha STY CTOPOHY BbIXOAIT HoOBbie BOpOTa (Iy-
30Ta Hy3Ba Ae bucarpa) — OCHOBHbIe BOPOTA FOPOAA, XOTA
He CaMble ADEBHMe. MOcTPOeHHbie apadamu, OH ObIA MOAHO-
CTbIO PEKOHCTPY]OBaHb! AAOHCO Ae KopappyOvac B 1550 r., 8
npaBAaeHne umnepatopa Kapaa V. BeAnyecTBeHHOCTb BHELUHEMY
aCaAY BOPOT NOUAIOT ABE MOLLIHbIe NOAYKPYrAbIe OALWHH V4 OF-
DOMHbIX Da3MePOB repo ropo,a. BXOA B FOPOA BeAeT NOA
ADK, Yee3 ADCEHAA K BHYTD@HHEMY dacaAy BOPOT, O62 6alWHi
KOTOPOrO YKPALUCHb! [AA3AOBAHHON NAVITKON,
He 6oree 80 M OTACAMIOT 3TU BOPOTA OT CTapbIx BOPOT (MMy3pTa
Bbexa Ae BuCarpa), KOTOPbIe Ha3bIBAIOTCA TAKKE BOPOTAMN AAb-
doHca VI, YTOObI OTANYATb MX OT HOBbIX BOOT, 4 TAKKE NOTOMY,
UTO, HACKOAbKO Vi3BECTHO, UMEHHO YeDe3 CTapble BOPOTA B FODOA
BOLUM KOPOACBCKNE BOMICK@ BO BDEMA 3ABOeBGHMA TOAZAO BECHOU
1085 r. Kak Crappie Bopora, Tak 4 HoBbie BOPOTa NOAYYMAM Ha3Ba-
He Ae Bucarpa OT apaOcKoro CAOBa Shagra — Ha3BaHia OOLUM-
HOFO NAOCKOFOPbA, NOOCTMDAIOLerOca K CeBePy OT TOPOAA. B OT-
Anne OT HoBblx BOOT, CTapble BODOTa COXPAHMM CBOIO NEPBO-
HAYAAbHYIO KOHCTPDYKLINIO, AaTUDYeMYIO XI B.
[lyapma Beexa de bucaepa
(Cmapoie Gopoma unu
Gopoma Anbqouca VI);
Buympenauu u GHewHud
qacadbi
Bxrympexxul @acad Gopom Bansmadpox

[ly3pma denb Cont (Bopoma Conxya), nocmpoexuoie 6 XIV B. Kak

6oxoGas 6awxHs, obecneyuGanu coobweHue mexdy Pabadom
(npedmecmbem) u meduHou

Bopota 3aWWWeHb! BHYWMTEAbHbIMM OalHAMY VW C BHELUHeM

CTOPOHbI NOSACTABAAIOT COHN TON NOAKOBOOOPAa3HbIX ADKH:
LICHTD@AbHaA AKA — KPYTAOM POPMbI, 4 ABE GOKOBbIe — CTOEAb-
YaTble. BXOAAT B STM BOPOTA YeDE3 LIHTOAAbHYIO APKY, BHYTOU
KOTOPON NOCTPOeHA HOBAA APKa, TOKE NOAKOBOOOPAa3HON
MOPMbI, YKOENACHHAA NEPEMbIYKON, C 3aKPbIBAIOLUENCA ABe-
pbio. [posmo HanpoTvB Crapbix BOPOT, Tam, FAe NOOXOAMT ABe-
HUAG Ae Aa KaBa, PACNOAOKEHO CTAOUHHOE MYCYABMAHCKOE
KAaAOULUe Maqbara, YTO CBUACTEAbCTBYeT O TOM 3HAYEHUU, KO-
TOPOE UMEAV KOFAA-TO 3TU BOPOTA. B NDeAeAaX TOPOACKONU
CT@Hb! BOPOTA BbIXOAAT B NOCAMECTbe CaHTbaro. HEA@ACKO OT
STOFO M@CTA, TAM, [A 3aKAHYMBaeTCA KaAbe Pearb A@Ab Appa-
Ob UU [AC B SMOXY BECTFOTOB NPOXOAUAM TOPOACKUE CTEHbI,
HAXOAATCA BODOTA BaAbMaADOH MAM Mly3zpTa Ae Ba6-aAb-Map-
AYM. OHM NOCTPOeHbI B X B. M CHUTAIOTCA CaMbIM ADEBHUMU
FOPOACKUMM BOPOTAMN, HECMOTPA HA NOCACAYIOLUNE PKOHCT-
PYKUNN. Tak, HANPUMeD, NEPBOHAYaAbHaA NOAKOBOOOPAsHaa
bOPMa BOPOT ObIAa CO BOSMEHEM 3AMEHEHA HA NOAYKDYFAYIO.
COBCEM PAAOM C STUMM BOPOTAMM HaXOASTCA BOPOTAa COAH-
Ua — My3pta A@Ab COAb, COOPYXEHHbIe B XIV B. B MABDUTAHC-
KOM CTUAG, NO BCE BUAUMOCTH AAA TOPO, YTOOb! OOACrUMMTb AO-
CTYN B U@HTp ropoaa. ACMCTBUTEAbHO, NDOE3A B FOPOA Ha NO-
BO3KaX Yee3 BOPOTA BaAbMaADOH ObIA OU2Hb HEYAOOHBIM 13-
3a Pe3KOrO NOAbEMA B ropy. BopoTa COAHLIa NOMMbIKaAM K FO-
DOACKON CT@HE U, TAKUM OOPa30M, BbINOAHAAN ABOMHYIO
DOAb — CTODOXKEBON MW NorpakU4HO OawWHU. C XVI B. aPKy BO-
DOT CT@A YKPA@LaTb MEAGAbOH, UZ0OPAaXAIOLUUN OOAAYEHNE B
pacy CBATOTO WVAeAbMOHCO NOA AYHOU M COAHUEM. OTCIOAa NO-
LAO HA3BAHNE BOPOT, NOA KOTOPbIM OHM HAM V3BECTHbI. B BEOX-
Hei YaCTM BOPOT, NOU CKOELEHMM ADOK, BUAHO OKOHUe U
BKAOUCHHbIM B KA@AKY OADEALE, UZOOPASXKAIOLUIM CLICHY OTPE-
yeHusa Caatoro Metpa. STO dparmMeHTb! CapKOdara IV B., OTHO-
CALLEFOCA K PAHHEXPUCTMAHCKOMY NEDUOAY.

QDpaemexm Gopom Conkua c MedanboHoM, uz06parKarouum cowecmbue

Bozomamepu npu obnayexuu 6 pacy cbamoeo Mdenbqoxco, apxuenucKona
monedckozo. ITo npedaxuro, 3mo cobbimue npouzowno B 666 2. B 3HaK
6naeodapHocmu 3a 3aluumy ee yenomydopua
 &)
ALabeee : we
rm
1e
ce
i
RU
|

NE
]

a ha
A
Bopoma
Anbxaxmapa
 Aleman mownHou 6awHu mocma Anbkaxmapa
Aanee, NO AMHUM FOPOACKON CTeHbI, 3a Mly3Ta A@Ab COAb Ha-
XOAATCA CACAYIOLUNe BOPOTA — My3pTa Ae AOC AA@DKOHEC, Ha-
NOMUAHAIOLUNE CBOE KOHCTPYKUMe NOeAbIAYLLINe, HO V3M@HMB-
We CBO OOMK 13-38 NOUCTPONK K HM B XVII B. MOHACTBIDC-
KOFO 3A@HM9.
OCTATKV OF DAKAAIOLUICM CTEHbI ObIAV PAZ/YLUEHbI NOV PacLuNpe-
HUM FOpOAA. HO, B OOWWEM, MOXHO CUUTaTb, YTO FOMOACKe
CT€HbI, 3ALWLWaBLUN!? TOACAO CO BOEMEH BECTFOTOB, COXPaH-
MACb. OHM ObIAM YnPOYeHbI VW PACWUPeHbI aDabamn, 3aTem ele
(a3 NEPECTDOCHbI NOCAE 3aBOeBAHUA XOUCTKNaHamn. AyYwe
BC@lO COXP@HNAaCb Ta YACTb CTEHbI, KOTODAA NOOTAHYAACb OT
Myspta Bbexa Ae Bucarpa Ao Myapta Ae@Ab KaMOPOH, C yKpa-
LU@HVAMU B BUA Pa3AUYHbIX KPYFAbIX OALUCH.
Or Nyspta Ae Aoc ANapKOHEC CTEHA AOXOAMT AO Mly3pTa Ae
AAbKaHTapa, ADAOCKON ADXUTEKTYPbI, O YM CBUACTEALCTBYET
€@ YETbIDEXYTOAbHaA KOHCTPYKUMA. ITM BOPOTA HAXOAATCA Ha-
NPOTMB MOCTa AAbKaHTapa Vv BO BOEMHA ADAOCKOLO BAAABINE-
CTBa CAYXKUAM OCHOBHbIM BXOAOM B AAb-XVLUAM — YKO@NACHHbI
DANOH C MYCYABMGHCKONM KPENOCTbIO UW ABOPLIOM. STOT PaOH
Aleman apku mocma Anbkakmapa
3aHUMAA CAMO BO3BbILUCHHOS MECTO B FOPOAe — eo CeBepo-
BOCTOUHYIO YACTb, [AC B HALUe BOSMA HAXOAMTCA 3AMOK AAbKa-
cap. HasBaHne BOPOT MU MOCTA NDOUCXOAMT OT aaOCKOrO CAO-
Ba al-Qantara, YTO 3HAYUT B NEPEBOAE MOCT, B TO BPEMA KaK
MEBbIA MOCT Ha STOM M@CTE ObIA COOPYKeH ele B PUMCKYIO
anoxy. Co BO@MeHEM OH PA3PYLWMACA MB KOHUE X B. ObIA Nepe-
CTOOeH. Mo3kKe, BO BOEMA HABOAHeHUa 1258 6£., MOCT ObIA
CUAbHO NOBDEXAECH MU NO NPUKa3sy KOPOAR AAbMOHCA X ObIA
BHOBb OTCTOOGH. BOAbLUAA 3aNaAHaA OAWHA ObiAa COOPYKEHA B
TO K€ BOEMA, HO 3HAYMTEABHO NEDECTOOEHA B NPABAeHNe KaTo-
AuyecKUx Kopoaen, reo6 KOTOPbIX yKpaliaeT ee CTeHbI. Boc-
TOYHAA OaLUHA NOOCYLUSCTBOBAAG AO 1721 F., a 3aTeM ObIAa 3a-
M@H@HA Ha ADKy B O€ADOYHOM CTA, KOTODAA YNOOLAAA AOCTYN
ryYKEBOFO TOAHCNOPTA B FOPOA. M@XxKAY 3THM MOCTOM KM HO-
BbIM MOCTOM AAbKaHTapa PAHbLUe HAXOAMACA Tak Ha3biBaeMbIN
ApTuoducuo XyaHeAo — 3HAaM@HMTbIN Me@XAHi3M, NOAGIOLMU
BOAY 13 PKU TaxO B 3aMOK AAbKacap, COOPYKeHHbI “3z00pe-
TATEAEM XYAHEAO TYPPNAHO B 1569 FU NPOCYWeCTBOBABLUUM B
DadOYeM COCTOAHUNM AO XIX B. Coa3y xe 3a HOBbIM MOCTOM
 Bud mocma Anbkaxmapa u eop0da c 3amKom Anbkacap
AnbkaHTapa, no O6oumM 6eperam TaxO, BUAHbI DYHbI PUMCKOrO
akB@AyKa, BbICOTa KOTOPOFO, NO NOOBEACHHbIM NOACYeTaM,
npesbiuaet 70 mM.
He@AaAeKO OT MOCTA AAbKAHTaPa BO3BbILUAeTCA 3AMOK CaH Cep-
BaHAO. BAarOAapa CBOeMY CTPATeErMYECKOMY NOAOXKEHUIO M@X-
AY FODOAOM U4 Y3PTa A@Ab Pet — COWNOHOM PaBHUHOU, OPO-
WUa@MOU BOAAMN TaxO, 3aMOK UTAA POAb NPONYCKHOFO AYHKTA
NOU BbE3A~ B TOAZAO C STON CTOPOHbI. ETO CTOOUTEAbCTBO OT-
HOCUTCA, NO BCEN BUAMMOCTH, K SNOXE BECTFOTOB, HO 3AaHNe
ABAKAbI NEDECTOANBAAOCb — CHAYAAA NOU apabax, a 3aTeM MOC-
A@ XPUCTUAHCKOFO 3aBOeBaHNa. B 3aMKE PACNOAOXUACA KAIO-
HV3MMCKMI MOHACTbIDb, OTKYA@ MOLWAO ero Ha3BaHne. [103%Ke OH
NEDEWA BO BAAAeHNe OPACHA TamnAnepos. B XIV B. 3aMOK
OKA3AACA B NOAHOM 38NYCTEHUM, HO ObIA BOCCTAHOBACH OAaro-
AGO CTAaDaHNAM apxvennucKona TEHOPKO. 3aTeeM OH CHOBa
BbIA 3AOPOWEH, U NPOWAM AOATHE FOAbI, NOS@KAE YEM YE B
HaLU@ BO@MA OH ObIA DECTABOUPOBGH UM OTKPbIT Kak TOCTMHULa-
OOWSXKUTUS AAA MOACAGKN.
14
AaAbuie, NO Y3Ta ACAb Pen, NOUBAeKaeT BHUMAHe CBOMMNU
3YOUATbIM OA@LUHAMM ABOPeL| XAAV@HbI. B HACTOALISe BOEMA OH
HAXOAMTCA B YACTHOM COOCTBEHHOCT. ABopell ObIA NOCTPOeH
B XIV B. Ha M@CTe CTapoOro 3amMKa, 3HAMEHUTOTO HE TOAbKO CBO-
MI MO@KOACHO PasOUTbIM CaA@MU/ V/ NILUHbIM 3AAAMM, HO V1
CBOCM BAAACACLIEN — AOYPbIO KOPOAA MaBPOB XaAadpa npe-
KP@CHOM XAAVAHOU, KOTOPAA BbILUAA 3aMyK 3a Kapaa BeAniKoro.
Ha BbicoTe HoBoro MOCTa AAbKaHTapa OTKPbIBaeTCA CLUS OAH
BXOA B CTAPOU OFPAXKAAIOLLICN CTEHE TOCOAa — BOPOTA NOAKO-
BOOOPAa3HON PopMb! — Myapta Ae Aoce KaHToc. Ele OAHU BO-
DOTA aPaOCKOrO NPOUCXOXAeHMA , My3pTa A@Ab Xueppo, pac-
MOAOXKEHbI B HENOCOEACTBEHHOM OAV30CTH OT Kaca A@Ab Aa-
M@HTMCTA, OT KOTOPOrO AO HAlWMX AHEM AOLWAA AVWWb MOLIHAA
Nouzsemuctaa OalHa. MOCAeAHNe 13 COXDAHUBLUUXCA BOPOT —
MyspTa A@Ab KaMOPOH, HAXOAATCA B BOCTOYHON YaCT FOPOAA.
Bopota 6bIAM NOAHOCTbIO NePeCTOOEHb! B XVI B. U BKAIOYAIOT
TAKKE NOMELUCHUA, CAYKMBLUNE aNapTaMeHTamy ryOepHaTopa.
C BHYTOUFOPOACKOFO dacaAa BOPOTA YKDALeHbI rep6om Ou-
 AGopey Xanuaroi 6
patione Yapma denb Peu

NN\

3amox Can Cepbando

 Bopoma Kam6pou: GuympexHuu u BHewHUU qbacadbl
Aunna Il WVuz00paxKeHNeM CBATON ACOKAAMM — NOKOOBUTEAbHY-
Libl Topo. Tlo BCeA BUAMMOCTU, 3TO PaboTa MacTepa beppy-
rete. Ha BHELUHEM PacaAe BOPOT FOPAO BbICEYeH FeO TOAeAO.
CBOe UMA BOPOTA NOAYYUAM OT HA3BAHMA KOAIOYeTO PacTeHus
cambronera, KOTOPOe NYCTMAO KOPHM B OAHON 13 OALeH BO-
(OT.
MOA BOPOTaMU KaMOPOH HaXOAMTCA BTOPOM MOCT, Ha3blBae-
MbI CaH MapTuH, KOTOPbII C AABHUX NOP COeAUHAA Oepera
pekn Taxo. [epBOHayaAbHO 3TO ObIA NOHTOHHbIM MOCT, OT KO-
TOPOTO OCTAACA AVLUb MOArMEHT, HA3bIBAEMbI FOOOKaHAaMNM
BaHbO Ae Aa KaBa. STO Ha3BAHNe CBAZAHO C ACFEHAOH O AOOBM
AoYepu rpada AOHa XyAvVaHa DAOPUHAbI Aa KaBa K AOHY POA-
puro. B 1203 r. cTapbii MOCT ObIA Pa3PYWEH BO BOeMA CMAb-
HOTO HABOAH@HMA, NOCAS YerO HAYA@AOCb CTPOUTEAbCTBO MOC-
Ta CaH MapTuH. Bo BTOPOM a3 MOCT ObIA CHAbHO NOBD@XKACH
BO BTOPOM NOACBUHE XIV B. BO BOeMA COaxKeHNA MEXAY BOM-
cKamy Meapo |W ero 6patom SHpuke Toactamapon. 3aTem
MOCT BHOBb BOCCTaHOBMMM. Ae@reHAa XDaHUT Le OAHY. AIO-
16
6ONbITHYIO UCTOPUIO: MacTep, KOTOPOMY OblIAO NOPyYeHO
CTDOUTEAbCTBO MOCTA, MAOXO PACCUUTAA efO NPOEKT, 3aMeTHB
3TO CAMLUKOM NO3AHO — CTPOUTEABCTBO MOCTA YE LWAO NOA-
HbIM XOAOM. OH MOHMMAA, YTO, KaK TOABKO yOepyT Aeca, LI@H-
TOAAbHbIN MOOACT MOCTA PYXHeT. Tak M He HalAa CNOCO6 uc-
NPaBMTb CAYYVBLUEECA, MACTEP PACCKa3AA O CBOMX HENpUsT-
HOCTAX KEHE. Ta, MOA NOKOOBOM HOUM, TaMKOM NDOOPanacb
Ha CTDOUKY 4 YCTPONAa Tam NOxap. Bce NOCYUTAaMM, YTO 3TO
MNOUPOAHOE OeACTBUE, a MACTEP UCNPABMA PACYeETbI MU NOCT-
DONA HOBbIM MOCT 6€3 MAACULEFO YPOHA CBOEFO AOCTOUH-
cTBa. ECAU BEDUTb STOU Ke ACTEHAG, OAHA U3 ONOP CBOAA
UCHTPAAbHOFO NPOAeTA MOCTA YKPAaWeHAa UZ0OPaxeHnem
STON PEWUTEABHONM KEHLLIMHbI, HO, Ha CAMOM A@A~, STO aDXh-
enuckon TeHOPUO, KOTOPbIA BO MHOFOM CNOCOOCTBOBAA
CTPOUTEAbCTBY MOCTA. OT STOFO MOCTA AO HAalWUX AHEM CO-
XPAHVANCb ABE MOLIHbIe 3ALIUTHbIe OALWHV. BalwHa, DaCNOAO-
KEHHAA C BHELUHEM CTOPOHbI, NOCTPOeHa B XIII B., a CTDOU-
TEAbCTBO OAH C BHYTPEHHEM CTOPOHb! OTHOCHTCA K XVI B.
 Mocm Cax Mapmux
u Gocmoynas bows.
BGepxy, Ha Gmopom
nmaHe — MoHacmblpb
Cax Xyax de noc Petiec

Mocm Can Mapmux

u Baxeo de na Kaba
Houtoti Gud cobopa
COBOP
Kab@ApaAbHbl COOOP NOCTPOEH Ha TOM MECTe, FAe NEBOHA-
YaAbHO CTOAA XDAM KOPOAA PekKapeAa, 4 NOZAHEe OOAbLIAA Ma-
FOM@TAHCKAA MEYETb. CTPOUTEALCTBO COBDEMEHHOSO 3AaHNA CO-
6o0pa HaYaAOCb B 1226 Fr. NO NOuKazsy apxuenncKona XumeHeca
Ae Paaa B NpaBAeHve KOPOAR DepanHaHaa Ill Caatoro. OcHoB-
HO KOPNYC 3ABHMaA ObIA 3ABEPLUCH B 1493 1. Paamepbl Cob6opa
OFPOMHbI: 140 M AMI 130 M WPI; B OCHOBaHU COOP
UMEET AATUHCKMM KD@CT; CFO: LI@HTPAAbHbIN HEd OKPYXKEH Ye-
TbIPDbMa OOKOBbIMU, OOPa3yIOLWWMM CNapeHHbiiA Hed, KOTOPbIM
OKPYKAeT ANCUAy; TOaHCent Cobopa — 6e3 Kynoaa. CTpeAbyaTbIe
CBOAbI NEPeKPbITNA UMe@IOT MHOFOYMCACHHbIe APKM, OTKPbIBAIO-
Lue AOCTYN CBeTa Yepe3 HOAbLMe OKHa. PazpaborTKa YepTexKeN
co60pa BbINOAHeHa MacTepami MapThHom HU Metpycom Meron,
XOTA B OCYLUSCTBACHMM N|ORKTA STOO UCKAIOUMTEABHOFO COOPY-
KEHNA NOUHUMAAM yYaCcTne MHOrMe MacTepa. Dives toledana —
TOAGACKOE YAO — CUUTATCA HANOOACE LICABHbIM BEAMYECTBEH-
HbIM ADXUTEKTYPHbIM @HCAMOAEM CD AM FOTUYECKUX CObOPOB
Ucnauun. Mpasaa, BHEWHM BUA COOOPAa HECKOAbKO NpONrpbI-
Ba@T NO CMaBHEHHIO C TEM BEAMKOAENNEM, KOTOPOE ABASIOT CO-
60n apyrue UCNaHCKue u eBponelickue roTuYeckue CobopEl. Mo
MDE POCTA FOPOAA COHOP OKA3AACA 3QKATbIM B HEOOALUIOM [O-
PDOACKOM MDOCTPaHCTBe. Tem He MEHZE, BbIZbIBACT BOCXULEHNe
GoraToe YOPAHCTBO BXOAHbIX ABE U, OCOHeHHO, LIHHOCTH,
XPAHALLMSCA BHYTOM COOOpA. [AaBHbI ACAA, CTDOUTEAbCTBO KO-
TOPOFO HaYaAOCb B 1418 F., BKAOYAeT TOK NOpTaAa. LleHTpaAb-
Hbli4 — NOpTAaA BCeNnMOWeHNa — YKOAWEH Pe3bOON Ha MOTMBbI
TanHon Beyepu. Hanpaso HaxOAVTca NOpTAA CyaeOHbIX Vcnon-
Hiureaei, HaAeBO — BXOA C GaWHeN, UHAYe Ha3bIBAeMbI MOPTAA
CyAHoro AHA WAV Aaa, YTO OTPAXKEHO B TEMATHKE YKOALUAIOLYCU
ero anneropuyeckon KOMNO3UMN. Y cCobopa CAMHCTBEHHAA
O@LWHA-KOAOKOAbHS C 3ABEPLWEHNEM B BUAe CBEDKAIOLUerO WWAMAA
H@CPaBHEHHOM Kpacorbl.
Cpeau MPOUx KOAOKOAOB, B GAWHe XPAHMTCA 3HAMeHMTHIM
KamnaHa XOPAa, NPOCAABUBLUMMCA CBOVMM MCKAIOUUTEABHbIMM
 flepcnexmuGHolli
Gud enabHozo
gacada (qacada
Caxma Venecua)
monedcKoeo
cobopa,
Bolxodawezo
Ha nnowjade
20p0dcKou
pomywu
 flopman /loc Jeoxec ( nopman /IbG06)
pa3mepamu MU Beco: 10 MB OKPYxKHOCTH, 12 M BbICOTbI NM O6-
WWMM BeCcOM 17 744 kr. KOAOKOA ObIA OTAMT B 1753 F. C YAU
AKO A@Ab MaAacno B CO6OP MOXHO BONTN Yepe3 BpaTa Cnpa-
BEAAMBOCTK, UHade Ily3pTa A@Ab MoAbeTe. C CeBePHOM CTOPO-
Hbl B COOP BeAYT BOaTa AeAb Perox (BxOA Moa Yacamn) . Ha-
KOHL Ha OxKHOM Macaae HAXOAATCA BOAaTA \bBOB (Ily3pTa A@Ab
A@OHEC) — BEAMUKOACNHOE TROPEHME B CTUAS NAAMEHEIOLWCN
FOTUKM MaCTepa SHPUKe Sraca. CaMbIMU NOOCTbIMM NO CTMAIO
cuutaioTca Bpata AbaHa (Puerta Llana). Bo BHYTO@HHEM YODAaH-
CTBE COHOPA BbISbIBAIOT BOCXULIEHN™ XOPbI, BbINOAHEHHbIe 13
(e3HOFO KAMHA TOHYAMLUG PadoTb! MacTeposB Poapuro Anema-
Ha, Deaune Buramn 4 AAcHCco Beppyrete. [AaBHaa YaCOBHa,
OFOPOXKEHHAA BEAMKOACNHONM PeWeTKo, cuunTaeTca pa6oTon
mMactepa BUAbAAbNaHAO. BHYTOM Hee BUAHO OFPOMHbIX Pa3Me-
(OB PeTAOAO B CTUAe NAAMEHEIOLUCH FOTUKM, PabOTbI MacTepa
Hapcuca Tom3. ITO PeTaOAO HasbiBai0T TaKKE ToaHcnapaHTe
(MO3PaYHbIM). B KANUTYAAPHOM 3aAe@, YKPALUCHHOM KpacnBeli-
LUM KECCOHHbIM MOTOAKOM MM bpeckamn PKaHa bypryHcKoro,
20
COOpaHb!l NOPTHETbI TOACACKUX apxuenuckonosB. CO6opHbiM
MY3@U 3AHUMACT PV3ZHUUY CO CBOAaMM, PACNMCaHHbIMN /A\yKa-
COM XOPA@HOM. 3AeCb X3PAHATCA NOAOCTHA JAb [eKO (CpeAV
KOTOPbIX 3HAMeHUTO? Expolio (CpbiBahve OASXA), a TAKE Kap-
TMH! fou, Baw Aeika, Touctaka v4 ap. B coKpoBMHule Co60-
0a, B YaCOBHe CBaTOrO MoaHHa, BbICTaBACH MOHCTPAHL, KOTO-
Obi BbIHOCAT BO BOEMA TOPXKECTBEHHbIX NOOWSCcui. ITO Ha-
CTOALISS NOOUZBEACHNE UCKYCCTBa, BEHYAIOLUSe UCNAHCKO™
KOBEAMPHOR MACTEPCTBO TOFO BPEMeHM, PABHO Kak 4 BuOAMA
CeH Ayn (CB. AiAoBuKa). TakKe AOCTOMHbI BHAMAHUA ADyrMe
YACOBHM: NOUACA CB MACAbMOHCO, 3AHMMAIOLUN LIEHTPAAbHYIO
YaCTb Heda 3a ANCUAOM. MpuAed 3HAMeHMT KDACuBeEMWMMN
FOO6HNUaMM, PACNOAOXEHHbIMM B HEM, TAKMMH, KaK TDOOHM-
ua Mozarabe, UHaye Ha3blBaemaa FTOOOHMUa Tea XOUCTOBA.
Ee@ CTeHbl yKDalWwe@Hbl MACTeDOM DHPUKe Sracom. [fo6Hu-
Ua ObiAa COopyxKeHa B 1500 Fr. no yKa3y KaDAMHaAa CucHepo-
Ca, DEWMBLWETO BO3POAMTb CTAPMHHbI1 XPUCTMaHO-apa6cKM
KYAbT.
 Alemanb ckynbnmypHoeo
yxpawexHua yepKoGHelx Goam
Ada

[lelWHbIU opHameHm OeKopa

Bxoda nod Yacamu, Komopoit
makxce HasbiGarom Coama Jlac
a g 4
Onoac, Ja Yanuxepua uau Jla ke AION oe
Stone ny A ta,Wet a.
 Cxyaonmypxoe uz06paxenue CGamou AeGei
(Virgen del Sagrario) 6 yacoGHe, Hocaweu ee
uma. Camas JeGa Mapua — noxpobumenbHuya
20p00a, U ee uz06paxceHUe nonbsyemca
oco6bim noyumanuem. [lo npedaHuro, 3mo
u3z06paxeHue Haxodunoce 6 enabHom anmape
cmapunHoeo Becmeomcxoeo xpama 6B Tonedo.
Oxo GbinonHeHo U3 depeGa, noKpbimozo cnoem
cepe6pa, u damupyemca 13 6.

Kg
aS)
&
Fr

x
OG

‘<
XXX
me
 j
!

ai)
dl

[anepes 2omuyeckoul
yepxbu,
dexopupoGannas
@peckamu
xydoxcHuKoG Bauiey u
Maanoa. HacmexxHaa
xuBonucb bbinonHeHa
B nepuod mexcoy
1776—1782 2.
LlepkoG nocmpoexa
Ha mecme AnbKaHa —
cmapukHoeo
e6peUCKO20 pblHKa
Sec
po
Tpaxcnapexme — mGopexue macmepa Hapcuco
Toma (1721—1732 2.) — cmano 3aBepwarowum
3manom apxumeKmypHbIx npeobpas0GaHull
cobopa. Ana mozo ymo6e! Haxodswasca c3adu
enaGHouU yacobHu HuWwa Co CBambimu Japamu
ocbewanacs dHeGHbIm cbemom, apxumeKmop
npednoxcun pewexue, Komopoe u 6 HawU OHU
GoizbiGaem 6B paGHou mepe KaK GocxuWeHue, Mak
u Koumuky. Omxpb8 odux uz cb0d06, oH
Hapywaem 2aqpmMoHulo 2eomuyecKou apxumeKmypbl.
Samo conHeyHoils cCBem npoHuKaem Yepe3
ombepcmue u ocBeujaem cymepeyHoe
npocmpaxcmGo yepkbu. becyucnennole
MpaMOpHble CKynenmypel C 6poH30GoU omdenkotl
CAYyocam YKpaweHUeM O2POMHbIX pasmepob
pema6no, doxodauwezo do camozo ombepcmua B
c6ode
[apMoHuYyHble
nponopuuu Hegob
u omnonupoGaHHas
nobepxHocm
depeGsHHbix
demaneu yoayHo
coyemaromca C
KpacuGoimu
pewemkamu u
U3bICKOHHbIM
dexopom cmexH
cobopa
 oe1 gga
eresfen,
“ee
vas a
Or
Ron
ween
vf be)
s
“NY, RX) ae
SOLON
op: re’ y,

z: AON’ rf
cS
Pass ~ ~ Oe
MS 4 ASM
AY
os)
eee \ Won wees
%

& e Bim BFab bi @

Bo a ROD Gesoen) Pra OC DO) Ss

Pcie hs GM nit RU
eit avi
ai , =:
' ee ie OiX.o | ah BS | , =f yf ks va = Nae od

a Se MOT<>SH a a Tem BGS BRS WAR

Migr 2 Wet Sh)
Son atee a8 MhHan
if 1 er ae and
I Wie,
ei ree EAN ae ge)Oni yi, (~.:. N i
Bos 3
et a YN
eae FASE
» =¥y sb av: a , yy \e - + ri pe & % as at

BE: EySn| Bier

m

F UPEE
awry ite
Wea aNon ' i
oe an ail

DAA,
BESS
cae
ain PAs’ ff
Wes All | AA
H ive ca
| ey]huDll
eh -4 “
welsh
i SIAN | a oe Miia IE me ae
ie RAGec
ws
2B UWA
Seas anSo
coe
Mii ENG NSE reer

Se
a
is OTN)
fPS, mule

Ne a ' i }\
¢ \ ¥,," e|
N @, ) Y
2 mi f AW
wr v
Woe = ay
« ae aes YONA
/ ww «3
/ _diukhé
/, M/A
 Geyeat
r s ec] aare
a i,csAs

se Ea mee Sa
Me a
AEF| ee
Wh: Be Re
 Kanumynapnoil 30n cnaGumca cboeu HacmexHou xuGonucbKO —
wedeGpom macmepa Kana bypeyxckoeo. KpyeoGou dpu3 cocmabsex u3
nopmpemo8 apxuenuckonoG Tonedo: 6 GepxHem pady pacnonorxexol
nopmpemb! apxuenuckonoG om cBamozo Jyxexuo Oo Cuchepoca, makxKe
BoinonHenHele KaHom bypeyackum. B HuxkHem pady moxXHo Gudems
nopmpembl cnedyrowux nocne Cuchepoca enucxonoé, BeinonHeHHble
pasneimu xydoxcHuKamu. Bce nopmpems! noscHble, Kaxd0e nonomHO
damupoGaro u nodnucaxo. KpacuGeiwud KeccoHHell nomonok coenaH
macmepamu {Juezo JIonec Apexacom u Dpaxcucko de Japa B nepuod
1504—1508 e.
 tH \. Custodia Procesional — JJapoxocuya —
| eduxcmGbexnas 6 cBoem pode paboma
: macmepa JxpuKe de Ape, damupyemaan
1517—1524 2., noedcmabasem coboll
IKEMYYIKUAY COKPOGBULUHUUo! Cobopa.
CdenanHaa v3 maccuGHozo 3on0ma U
cepebpa u ykpaweHHas GpazoueHHolmu
KOMHaMU, OHA HacyumbiGaem 5600 demaneu

Pusnuuyy cobopa ykpawaem yexHeuwul

acuGonucHbIl nopmpem naner [abana Ill,
xucmu Tuyuaxa. B qoxdax my3e9 cobpanel
6onbwue YeHHOCmU — dopoeue KapmUHEl,
KoGpol, oGenupHele u3denuA, a MaKIKe
6onbwas KonneKuus YepKoGHbix o6na4eHull:
pac u Mump, ykpawexHolx BoiwuGKou. Oxu
Goicmabren! 8 puzHuye uau xe B
NOMEWWEHUAX, NDUMbIKarOLUx K Becmubionto
uAu pakam c molwamu CBambix, a makxe B
Hobbix 3anax cobopHoeo myzea — 6
6oiGwed KaKuenspuU U 6 xpaHUAUWe
LieSreUrOr:a / ueHHOCmeU
soh
\ A
et
i
 «CpviBanue odexd» — oduH
u3 wedeGpob In [pexo,
Komopeili mecme C 20
Opyeum nonomHom
«/lozepebenue epaqa de
Opeaca» yxpawaem enaGHell
anmape 6 puzHuye cobopa.
ai Imo nonomHo GHYWwUMeNbHbIx
pazmepoG HanucaHo
2EHUGNbHbIM LYOOHHUKOM 6B
1575—1577 2. no 3aKa3y
Ka6unedo. Ha kapmune
uz06paxex Xpucmoc, c
Komopoeo cpbiBarom odexcdb/
neped pacnamuem
==

>

‘"
EAN
 Virgen Blanca — 4ydechoe eomuyeckaan
ckynenmypa u3 anebacmpa, uz06paxarowaa
Bozomamepb c mnadenyem, Camupyemaa
XIV 6. u npuGezennaa uz Dpanyuu. O6pa3
Bozomamepu, npoHUKHYMbIl/ HEXHOCMbHO, C
AeeKoli ynbi6Kou Ha yomax, yKpawaem
anmapb Mouma 6 xopax cobopa
PMR
Sealed : ~
IROTPIOORGHVIC.Da\
ane 3 oe

tC DanC Sava Gury

Say SERS Wa
———
a) pe Sy A
Leo
bu6nua Xill 6.,
u3GECmHaA KOK
bu6sua Cex Nyy,
cocmoum u3 mpex
Kxue u yxpawexa
O2pOMHbIM
KonuyecmGbom
MUHUaMIOpHOU
sxeuGonucu ¢
GKAIOYeHUAMU
mexcmo6 u
kKomMmMeHmapueG Ha
memo! mopanu. Ha
qomozpaqouu:
qpaemexm Kxueu
«ComBopexue
mupa»
 B npowsom,
nymewecmGeHHUKU,
budeGwue cobop
AYHHOU HOYbIO,
pa3Hocuay no
cBemy monby o
e20 Kpacome. B
Howe Goema,
6naeodaps
meXHUKe
nodcBemku cobop
cusem Kpacomou,
moxcem bbimb, 8
menee | Ht = El | 7
PomMaHmU4YHOM, HO i ie
HT

3amo bonee spKom :

cbeme
 [nabHeild qacad cuxaeoeu Tpanzumo
EBPEMCKMM KBAPTAA B TOAEAO
TOYHO HEM3BECTHO, KOFAa NOABMANCb B TOAZAO NepBble eBpen.
OAHA@KO Vi3BECTHO, YTO BO BO@MEHA BECTIOTOB B STUX MECTAX
YKE CYLECTBOBAAO UX COOHLWECTBO. Kak 6b! TO Hi ObIAO, HO
DEAVMO3HAA TEONUMOCTb, KOTOPYIO NPOIBAAAM apabbl-3aBOe-
BaTeAM, CHOCOOCTBOBAAA NDOLIBETAHMIO CUHaror, KOTOPaA B
XIIEXIV B. NOAb3OBAAACb OOABLUMM BAVIAHMEM Ha BCEX YOOBHAX.
HeYAVBUTeAbHO, YTO TOA@AO CABIA MCNA@HCKMM MepycaavumMom.
OAHAKO NOCACAYIOLUNE TOHEHUA Ha CBDEEB CO CTOPOHb! XONC-
TUAHCKOFO HACEACHMA NOUBEAM K 3HAYUTEABHOMY COKDALUCHMIO
UX YUACACHHOCTU, KOTOPASA BCE BOEMA YMEHbLUAAACh AO 1492 F.,
KOTAa KOPOARMN KaTOAKaMi ObIA U3AGH YKa3, NOSANMCbIBAIO-
LUMA AX V3F HAHNe M13 CTPAHbI. ITA MEDA NOSAYCMATOMBAAA TAKKE
NOAHOE YHUYTOXKEeHUES EBPENCKOFO KBAaPTAaAa B TOAeAO. He-
CMOTPS HA Of DOMHbIe NOTEPU, OCTABLUMECSA OT STOFO KBapTAaAa
36
[locmueo — nodxoBoo6pa3xas apxa 6 ebpeticxom KGapmane, 6 Kanve de
WAHXENb
NAMATHUKM CUVTAIOTCA CAMbIMM 3HAUMTEABHbIMM B Espone. 3a
BOD@MA AMAOCKOFO BABAbIYECTBA K XI B. B FOPOAS CAOXKUANCb
ABa EBDeNCKUX KBaDTaAa: AAbKaHa MW M@AMHaT-AAb-SITYA. KBa TAA
AAbKaHa HAXOAMACA Ha TOM Me@CTe, TAe Celsyac CTOUT Co6op,
BKAIOU@A NOMACTAIOLLINe K HEMY YAMUbI. STO ObIA OoraTbiM TOPrO-
BbIN KBADT@A, CAABMBLUUMCA OBUANEM NOOABBASMbIX 3A@Cb TOBA-
pos. Ho 8 1391 Fr. OH 6bIA NPAakTHYeCKM CHECEH BO BPeMa O6-
\Le@ro FOHEHMA Ha EBDEeB Ha BCEM I IMPEHENCKOM NOAYOCTPO-
Be, OPPTAHMZOBAHHOFO KaK XOUCTMAHAMH, TAK 1 MarOMeTaHaMh,
KOTOPbIMM ABMraAa 3ABMCTb V YYBCTBO MECTM NO OTHOWEHMIO K
COOPLINKaM NOAATeM MU Pas6oraTeBLUMM CBPeAM-3aMMOASBLIGM.
CTPOUTEACTBO COBOPAa NOABEAO YEPTY NOA NOAHbIM YHUUTO-
XKEHNEM EBDEMCKOFO KBAPTAAA Ha STOM MeCTEe. BTOpon eBpen-
CK KBapTaA MaAnHat-AAb-SIryA CUUTAACA LIEHTOGAbHbIM MM 3a-
HUMA@A OOAbLUYIO YACTb 1OfO-3aNAAHOFO PAMOHA CTAaPOrO TOAe-
AO.OH 6bIA OOHECEH CTEHOU, UZOAMPOBABWENM ero OT FOPOAa.
[AaBHONM apTepven KBapTaAa ObiAa yAULa AHXeAb (Calle de
Angel), fae W CerOAHA MOXKHO BUACTb COXPAHUBLLYIOCA NOAKO-
BooOpa3Hyio apky (Postigo de la Juderia), KoTOpaa CAYKNAa
BXOAOM B CT@HE, OF PaXKAAIOLUCM KBapTAaA. V3 BCeX CYLUECTBO-
BaBLUMX KOFAa-TO CUHaror AO HaCTOALUerO BOEMeHU COXPaHh-
AUCb TOAbKO ABE, AQ Vi TO B CUAbHO V3MEHEHHOM BAC. [AaBHOM
CuHaroron cuvTaetca CaHTa Mapua Aa BAaHKa. Ee CTPOUTeAb-
CTBO OTHOCMTCS Kk XII B. 1 OTAMYAeTCA YEPTAMM MABRUTAHCKMX
CTUAGM MYACXAP VU AAbMOXaA. HeEnOaBluAbHOU POPMbI 3AaHNe
CUHAFOLM COCTOMT M3 NATH HEMOB, PA3AACHHbIX NOAKOBOOO-
Da3HbIMM aDKAaMM, NOKOALUWMMCA Ha BOCbMMrOaHHbIX KOAOHHAX.
B 1405 r., nocAe oraawieHva NOCACKa3aHa CBATOFO BUHCeHTe
Meppepa, TOANbI HaDOAa YCTPEMUANCb K CUHarore, KOTOPaA
OblAa OCBALEHA Kak XPam CeaTon Aesbl Mapu. B sToT nepuoA
K [AABHOU ACT 3A@HMA ObIAM NEUICTDOHbI TOU YaCOBHN, VU Uep-
KOBb DYHKUMOHUPOBAAA BNAOTb AO XVIII B. ... KaK Ka3aj—oMa V
TOProBbI AOM, B HAL AHU @10 BAAAGeT MOHAWECKOe Opat-
CTBO. MOOAv30CTH HaXOAUTCa APYraa CUHarora — TOaH3v/T0, 43-
BECTHAA NO UMEHM CBOEFO CO3AaTeAA AEBU — KOPOACBCKOFO
Ka3Hayea np Mleapo | KacTuAbCKOM. Oua ObIAa NOCTPOeHA B
1356 Ff UNOCAe FOHEHUA Ha EBOSEB NEPELUAA BO BAAAHNe OP-
AeHa KaAatpasbl. BHyTOe@HHee YODAHCTBO 3AaHia OTANYAeTCA
HEOObIKHOBEHHOM KDACOTON: aACOACTPOBbIe CTEHbI, TAKKE Kak
VU KECCOHHbIe NOTOAKM, MbILUHO OPHAMCHTMOBAHb! B MABPMITAH-
CKOM CTUAG. CeFOAHA B 3AAHUN CUHArOrn Pa3sMeLUeH MY3eu/,
NOCACTABAAIOLUMM UCTOPUIO EBDeNCKOTO HapoAa B VicnaHun.
Curxaeoea CaHma Mapua na BnauKa
 aa cme <
Pameee MAX SV
LHS

M oO HACTbIDb NOCTMIAa ele GoAee NAGYeBHaA CyAbOa B 18366,

i]
A@ BbIXOAG 3€KOHA 06 AMOPTH3ALINN US PKOBHOK COOCTBEH-
C@MOM LICHTPe EBPeENCKOrO @ TU, KOTAa MOHAWECKOe OPaTCTBO ObIAO OTTYAG Vi3FHA@HO.
setie O.O
@ MOHACTbIDS CaH XyaH Ae AOC oO 3K GDXVTCKTYDHbIN NAMATHUK ObIA DECTABPNPOBAH, VU C

KaTOAMYeCKNX 1954 £. ero 3AHUMaeT CEDAOUMCKH OPACH.

OACDXGHHOUM 1 MapTa 3@AYM@HHbI B SCTETHYECKOM AYXe OASTOPOACTBA U TOKYMOa,
VTQGAb CKOTO KODOAG
CKOTO KODOAA Db NOPAKaeT CBOMM BHYTDEHHUM YODSHCTBOM, A@KO-
@Vi YaCTN KGCTMABCKONU 3HATH, DUDOBSHHbIM B M30OMAMM FEPSADAMYECKMMM MOTHBGMM. CaH
Xyak Ae Aoc Peec — STO NDVZHAHHbI LWEACBP CTMAS NABMCHE-
OLE TOTMKM, XOTA UV He 6€3 MABPUTAHCKOFO BAMAHMA, KK,
SS ae pee
OA KODOACBCKYIO YCb BNDOYEM, OCT@AbHbIe NAMSTHMKM B TOA@AO. Mactep Xyae lyac,
O@AbI KODOACBCKOIO BOWCKa NPM | COTBOPVBLUM STOT WEACBD, V3BECTEH TAKXKE KAK ABTOP NDOSK-
Hie OPAHLUMCKGHC- Ta ABOPUa VHdaHTaAO B IBaaanaxape u COaBTOp paboT NO
LUEHMSX, KOTODbIe Ce- CTPOUTeAbCTBY TOAGACKOrO CObopa. MacTep HaYaA CTPOMTeAb-
CKOMY MOHA@CTbIDIO KOHCENCbOH CTBO MOHACTbIDS B 1477 F. K PyKOBOAMA PaboTamu AO CBOen
A, BO BDeMma BOMHb! 3a He3aBncn- CmMepTu B 1496 r. Ero NOMOLIHMKaMH ObIAM 6patba SHPUKE U4
ABLE yObITKH. OTCTynaa, bpak- AHTOH 3rac, GAarOAapa CTaDSHNaM KOTOPbIX B 1506 fF MOHAC-
AO NOAHOCTBIO COXKEHHbIM. He v36exKaAN TelDb ObiA 3ABEDWEH.
A ~
K AABKGCaD
=>
MH
cc
NpOwne
mS
NEMATHMKK
- LL)
FTOPOAa. HO C BHELIHE CTOPOHb! LIEHTPAAbHAA YACTb USPKBU YNOAOGAeHA
MOTMAbHOMY KYPTaHy, YTbIKaHHOMY FOPSALUIUMM B 3ayNOKOMHOM
cayx6e CBeYaMu. [epBOHAYAABHO LI@DKOBb UM@AA LICHTPD@Ab-
Hbli4 NOPTAA, KOTOPbI B XVI B. ObIA 3A6UT, a C DABHTa CTA
NOAb3OBATbCA GOKOBbIM BXOAOM. Kpome TOrO, B BEOXHe YaCTH
BXOA YKD@LWaA BOCbMMTPaHHbIN HaBeC. VMEHHO STOT PacaA
VZ0OUAYET BHELUHMMM ACKOPATBHbIMM SACMEHTAMM: CTATYAMH,
(e3bO0i NO KAMHIO HA FEPAAbANYECKNEe MOTHBbI, Cee CAe-
MbIX ADOK. CBUCAIOLUNE CO CTEH LEN NOBTOPAICT Te, KOTOPbIMM
ObIAU 3AKOBAHbI XOVICTHAHCKNE NACHHMKM, OCBOOOXACHHbIe NPM
B39TM [eHaAbl.
B UHTeDbepe LIEOKBN CaMbIMU 3AMEYUATEABHBIMM SACMEHTAMM
A@KOPA CUMTAIOTCA BEAMKOANHBI KYNOA Mi MBILUHOe YOPAHCTBO
YaCOBHN, NOCAHASHAYEBLUCMICA AAD KOPOAGBCKON YCbIN@AbHMLbI.
Bo Bpema BoitHb! 3a HesaBncumoctib OblAO Pa3spYLIGHO peTab-
AO. Ero 3€M@HMAM HA HOBO, PAaOOTb! DpaHcucko KOMOHTECAa,
KOTOPOE Mbl BMAMM CErOAHS. OHO NOUBE3EHO 43 FOCNUTAAA
CaHTa Kpyc. Take AOCTOMHA BHMMAHMA FaAepesn LICOKBU — ABY-
XYPOBHEBaa, C NbILUHbIM ACKODOM. KpacnuBenlwaa AECTHMUA, NO-
CTPOeHHAA NO PUCYHKaM Kosappy6uaca, BeAeT Ha BTOPOM
3Tax.
[naGHeld @acad yepxbu Can Xyax de noc Petiec
 Kecconmbie nomonku Gepxwed
2anepeu yepKbu cdenaHol u3
depeba u ykpaweHei sm6nemoll
u eep6om Kamonuyeckux
Koponeu, a maxxce ux
UHUYUQNGMU, a maKxce
PucyHKom, Kyda Bxodam dba
snemeHna KoponeGBcKo20 2ep6a’
ApeM U Cmpenbl

Huotnaa eanepes nopaxcaem

o6unuem cKyabnmyp UCKYCHOU
pabormer
QMpaemexm buda
yepkbu c cepueu
QPOK: CAOMHOU
opmor 3
BepxHem prdy u
U3ZALHOU
nnameneroueu
gopmol 6
HUDKHEM pady
Bud enabxou
yacoGHu
yepKGu Cav
Xyau de noc
Petiec
Buympexuee y6pancmGo
uepxGu Can Xyax de noc
Petiec Gbi3biGaem
cmewaxHoe 4ybcmGo
GocxUWeHUA U
6nazoeoGenus. Ha
omoepaguu; cmexa
npecbumepckou u Ge
dexopamuGHble demanu
LepxoG. Can Poman: yexmpanbxell Keg u enaGHas yacobHA
LIEPKOBb CAH POMAH H MY3EM LIEPKOBHbIX
COBOPOB M BECTTOTCKOW KYAbYPbI
V3 BCeX OALWeH , BOSBbILUAIOLUIMXCA HAA KObILAMN TOAGAO, Ca-
MAA 3AMeUATEABHAA — STO OALWHA LICOKBU Cad PomMaH, PACNOAO-
%KEHHAA HA BbICOKOM MECTE CTaporo ropoava. AO NOcTPONKn
co6opa 6alWHA CYUTaAaCb CAMO BLICOKUM COOPYXeHNEM.
ECM BEPluiTb A€reHAe, NO STON NOUUUHE B 1166. c STOW Gal-
HU ObIAO OFAALUCHO BOCLUECTBUE HA KACTUABCKM MDSCTOA 1OHO-
Fo Adbouca VIII, KOTOpbIM ObIA ele NOUTU Peb|eHKOM. O6pat-
H@a CTOPOHA OaWHN ObiAa NOCTPOeHA NO3xKe UU AaTMPyeTCs Ne-
PUOAOM KOHUa XIIl—Hayara XIV B. B To BOeMa OaLHA CTOAAA
OTA@AbHO, 3T@M OALHIO 1 LE PKOBb COeAMHUMM. B OCHOBAHM
OalUHA UMeeT KBAADAT, a Ce ACKOP BbINOAHEH B TUMUYHO MaBON-
TAHCKOM CTMAe. AaTa CTOOUTEACTBa LEPKBM HAM HEV3BeCTHa,
HO, O@3YCAOBHO, STO OAHO M13 CaMbIX ADEBHUX COOPYKeHN/ B
ropoae. Het COMHEHMa, YTO OHA CYLECTBOBAAA NOM BECTrOTAX,
O YEM CBMACTEABCTBYIOT MHOFOUMCAGHHbI KANUTEA TON SNOXH,
UCNOAb3OBAHHbIe NOV GE CTPOUTEAbCTBE. 3aTeM XDAaM ObIA NPe-
06a30BaH B MEYETb UB HaYaAe XIll B. NeeCcTOOeH B MABOVTAH-
CKOM CTUAE. B NAGHE LEPKOBb UMEET TOM Heda, PaSACACHHbIe
BOABLUMMV AKAM NOAKOBOOHPa3HOM POPMbI, TANVYHbIM AAA
AXUTEKTYPbI SNOXN XAaAMAaTAa. OAHAKO TAABHAA YACOBHA OPHA-
M@HTUPOBGHA B CTUAE NAaTePECKO, CunTaeTca, YTO B ee OMOP-
MAHI NOMHMMaM yuacTie AAOHCO Ae Kopappy6uac u Avero
Beaackec. HeCOMHeHHbIN MHT@ DEC BO BHYTDEHHEM YOPAHCTBE
XPaMa NOCACTABARET EE HACTEHHAA KUBONVICb — SOK OOPa3zell
DOMAHCKOrO UCKYCCTBa TOAeAO. Dpecku AaTupyioTca XIll B. 4
BbINOAH@HbI HA XOUCTMAHCKNE ClOXETbI C PACTMTEADHO-T COMET-
PUYECKMMM MOTMBAMM, CBOMCTBEHHbIMI ajpaOCKOMY MCKYCCTBY.
C 1969 r. B U@pKBU CaH POMaH Pa3MeLYSH MY3@ Le PKOBHbIX
COOOPOB UU BECTTOTCKON KyAbTypbI. B HEM SKCNOHMPYIOTCA Pa3-
AUYHbIe NDOUZBEACHMA UCKYCCTBa TOM SNOXM, Take KaK KON
3HAMEHMTbIX COKPOBMLY [BaDPACcapa.
 SS
eect cmamesonane/aac

1 ARES HATE ty
Bye |SOINDISIOADAISTTL CLBBISIDASAVGAOPROTORIOS OSASICVOLUDE
=|
Ss
GE 3
3 Kor ) S

TelOAC
iS
=|

Becuenuole
gpecku Xl! 6,
ykpawarom cmenol
U apku yepKGu
Can Pomax. Ha
omozepaqgbuu:
cyena
GockpeweHua
MepmGbIx
 tt
Ul
TT
TY

APYTME XPAMbI TOAEAO He BKAOYAeT PA3AMYHbIE NOUXOACKNe GoraAeAbHu UM npouve

AHA B3IAAAOM HAUOOACE BbIAGIOLIUNECA CBUAC-
CKO AYXOBHOCTM: KabeADAAbHbIN COOOP, CUHa-
va Aa BABHKa MM TO@H3MTO, MOHACTbIb CaH XyaH
Ae AOC Penec, U@PKOBb CaH PomaH. Ho B ropoAe MHOTO Apy-
—) OB, AOCTOMHbIX BOCXULEHUA. TOACAO YAMBASET,
ND@KAE BCETO, OFDOMHbIM KOAMYECTBOM LICPKBeM M MOHACTbI-
, AAO Tor
QNOMHMM, 4TO C 400F. ODOA ObIA MECTOM NPOBeEACHMA
HaVvOOAee 3HAMCHATEABHBIX LICPKOBHbIX COOOPOB, a NOCAE Pe-
KOHKMICTbI CT@A LIEHTOOM KAaTOAMYeCKONM Bepb! B cnaHnu. Mpas-
TEABHOS YUCAO KYAbTOBBIX 3A@HN
TUM LI@AAM. HO AO BbIXOAa 3aKOHA
1 COOCTBEHHOCTN B XIX B. B TOACAO
MYKCKMX MOHACTbIDeNM
YaTARIOLUAA, TEM OOACEY, YTO OHA
GOrOyrOAHble 3aBEACHNA. HEKOTOPbIe FODOACKNe XPamb! NPU-
HAAA@KAT MOHACTbIOAM UU, B COOTBETCTBUM C UX YCTaBOM, CTOST
3AKDbITBIMU. B HX MOXKHO NONACTb TOABKO BO BPEMSA CAYKObI
VAM TODXKECTBEHHOFO GOrocAyxKeHNa. HO UX MOXKHO OCMOT-
DeTb CHADYKN, NOAOMTU NOBAWKE K LICKOBHbIM BOaTaM, YTOObI
BOCXUTUTbCA XYAOXKECTBEHHOM LIEHHOCTbIO, KOTOPYIO OHV
NOACTABASIOT, VA NEOCTO NOTOMY, YTO LEOKBM HEPa3bIBHO
CBA3AHb! C AYLOU TOPO Aa
Mevetb KOucTo Ae Aa AyC, NOCTPOeHHAA AO XOUCTMAHCKOTO 3a-
BO@BAHMA, NOYTM NOAHOCTbIO COXPAHMAGCb AO HACTOALeTO
BoemeHy. MeYeTb, C @€ CPUTMHAAbHOM KOHCTPYKLINEN VM CTPON-
T@AbHbIMM MATE DMAA@MM, OTHOCMTCA K TANMYHbIM OO Pa3LlaM Ma-
FOMETAHCKOFO UCKYCCTBa B TOA@AO. Cyan NO HAANNCH, CACAGH-
HOM BASbIO Ha FAABHOM MaCaAe, MEYETb BOZABMHYTA B 999 r.
A|OXUTEKTODOM MyCoi-MOH-AW

46
 Bawxa yepxbu Canebadop cayacuna ,6 cboe Boema, muHapemom
MYCYAbMaHCKOU MeYemu

B NAGHE, MEYETb NOEACTABARET COOOM KBAAPAT, a C€ BHYTOCH-

HAA KOHCTPYKLINA ONDSACARETCA YETbIObMA KOAOHHAMM C BECT-
FOTCKUMM KANUTeAIMM, PA3ACAAIOLUMMM NDOCTPAHCTBO Ha TOU
Heda, NEDEKPeLUMBAIOLUVXCA C ADYTUMN Tema Hedamn, YTOObI
UX CTAAO ACBATb. CBOAbI BCEX ACBATM HEDOB UMEIOT OTANYHOR
Apyr OT ADyra YOPAHCTBO, UMUTPYIOLUEe CTMAb 3HAaMEHUITON
KOPAOBCKOM MeYeTH: B XIII B. K XPaMY ObIAU ACHaBACHbI N|Pe-
CBUTeEOCKas VM ANCMAa — O6€ B MABPUTAHCKOM CTMAG MYACXAD.
A@reHAa FAaCuT, YTO NOM BECTTOTAX Ha 3TOM M@CTE CTOAA CBA-
LWEHHbIA aATapb. B 711 1, nepeA BTOPXKEHNEM NOAYMLL MYCYAb-
M@H, MECTHbIe KUTeAV YOeperAM O6pa3 XOUCTA OT HAADYFaTeAb-
CTBa, 3AMYOBAB FO B HULU CTEHbI, a YTOOb! HE 3aObITb STO Me-
CTO, HANPOTB YCTaHOBMMM FOPaLyio AamnaAy. B 1085 F Bonc-
KO AAbbOHca VI MOB€ACHOCHO BOLUAO B TOAGAO, MM KOTAa TOP-
XKECTBEHHbIN KOPTEX NDOXOAMA MUMO M@YeTH, KODOAeBCKUA
KOHb HEOXNUABHHO CNOTKHYACA MW HE CABMHYACS C M@CTa. STO
ObIAO BOCNUHATO KAK 3HAK OOKECTBEHHOFO NOOBUACHMA. CAy-
TM KOPOAA OPOCMANCb OCMATOUBATb XDAM 4, HAKOHEL, 3aMeTH-
AM AaMN@AY, KOTOPASA HE 3aTYXGAa BCE STO BO!eMA. BCKPbIB CTeHY,
OHM V3BACKAM XDAHVBLUUCA TAM CBATOU O6Pa3. OKDbIACHHbIe
6OxXbeN OAArOAATHIO, AIAN HE CTAAM MELUKATb V BO3ABUrAM Ha
3TOM M@CTE aATapb. Ero YKOACKMAN KPECTOM C KOPOAEBCKOFO
LITA UU TYT KE OTCAYKUAN MECCY. MeYeTb ObIAa OCBALICHA, a
BNOCA@ACTBUM CTaAa CKUTOM KpucTo Ae Aa Ayc. B naMatb O 3Ha-
M@HATeAbHOM COObITHM NePeA BXOAOM B XPaM ObIA YCTAHOBACH
O@AbIA KAM@Hb HA TOM M@CTE, TAS KOFAA-TO, NO NOSAaHHIO,
CMOTKHYACA KOPOACBCKMI KOHb.
MeveTb TOOHEpuac — eLUe OAMH NAMSATHUK MArOMeTAHCKOrO
UCKYCCTBA, AOLUGAWerO AO Hac. OHA PACNOAOXeHA Ha YAMS C
TeM X@ Ha3BAHNeM, Ha BTOPOM 3TaXe 3AaHMA, B KOTOPOM Ce-
FOAHA OTKObIT LIeHTP pasBuTua DemMeceA KacTMAMn-/Aa MaHya.
Meyetb ObIAa, KOH@YHO, YACTHbIM MOACAbHbIM AOMOM, O Y@M
CBMACTEABCTBYET € PACNOAOKEHNE HA BEPXHEM STAKE 3AAHNA.
E@ CTPOUTEAbCTBO AaTHPYeTCa XI B., A ADXUTEKTYPHbIN CTUAb
OY@Hb HANOMMHAET MeYETb KOuicTO Ae Aa AyC.
CyAa NO MHOFOYUCACHHbIM @DXUTEKTYPHbIM SACMEHTAM, LICP-
KOBb DAb C@AbBAAOP TOXE CAYKUAG MEYETHIO, B CTPOUTEAbCTBE
KOTOPOM ObIAU UCNOAb3OBaHbI OarMeHTb| AD@BHMX KOAOHH MM
Kanurenen.

LlepkoGs Can Ce6acmosv

Llepxobb Can /yxac. Ha xonme 8 eny6uHe — momenb Parador Nacional
de Conde de Orgas
UHTeDeCeH, B STOM OTHOWEHMM, DParMeHT NUAACTPA BECTFOTC-
KOM SNOXK CO CAeAAMM YeAOBeYeckux duryp, KOTOPbIe 6biAu
CO6vTbl B YTOAY KAHOHAM ViCAaMa, 3ANPSLUAIOLUMM V306PaxeHe
Y@AOBEKA.
Ele OAHMM 3€MeYATEABHBIM NAMATHKOM NeOuoAa aDAOCKOrO
BA@AbINECTBA CUUTACTCA YACOBHA BeAeH — HEOOAbLNX PasMe-
DOB LU@PKOBb XI! B. C BOCbMUYTOAbHbIM OCHOBAHNeM, LI@OKOBb
BXOAMT B AHCAMOAb MOHACTbIDCKMX NOCTDOEK CaHTa Me, B KO-
TODbIX C@TOAHA PasMeLe@Ha BUOAvoTeKa aPxuBOB NPOBUMHUMM.
MOHACTbIDb 3A@HMMACT SHAMEHMTBIN ABODE Aa TaAbsaHa — 6bI8-
LWYIO PE3MVACHLINIO SMUPOB, 4 YACOBHA BEACH CAYKMAA, NO BCeM
BUAMMOCTH, YACTHbIM MOACABHbIM AOMOM STOM POCKOLWHOM
De3zMAeCHUMM. B YaCOBHe COXPAHNAGCb YCbINAaABHULA Melero
B 1249 r, DepHaHa Mepeca — cbIHa KODOAR DepanutaHaa |!|
Cpatoro, MOMUMO YCbINaAbHUUbI, BEINOAHEHHOU B CTMAG MYAC-
XAD, 3AMCYATEABHb! TAKKE HACTEHHbIe DOSCKN YACOBHM, CO3AGH-
Hble B SNOXy ux KaToAnyeckoro Beauyectsa.
Bo BOeMeHa aPaOCKOTO 3ABOSBAHMA XOVICTMAHCKOMY HAC@ACHMIO [O-
DOAa — MOzarades ObiAO OCTABACHO N|PABO NOCELUATb LEPKOBb
VCNOAHATb ADEBHIOIO BECTTOTCKYIO AMTYPriO, NOAYYBLUYIO Ha3Ba-
HUG MOCADAOCKON VA TOARACKON, T.K. CAMOe KOYNHO? PeANITO3-
HO’ COOHWUECTBO MOCAPAabOB, KCTAT, COXPAHVBLEECA AO HALUIX
AH@M, HAXOAMITCA B TOA@AO. NOCAe PEKOHKUCTb! Obina NOSANOUHATA
NONbITKA BBECT HOBYIO MMTYPrMio, HO OHA 3AKOHYMAACb NPOTMBO-
CTOAHVIEM KATOMNKOB MOCaDAGOB. B De3yAbTaTe, NOCAeAHMe CO-
XPAHMAV CBOV NOUXOACKME LIEDKBM, A@KE CCAM 3ATEM 3AaHMA ObIAM
nepectpoebl. CoxpakvBwneca MOCapaOcKNe LepKBH (4x BCerO
WECTb) DA3OOCAHb! NO BCeMY FODOAY.
HeKkOTOpble 3 HX HECYT ABHbIM OTNEYATOK BECTTOTCKOFO NPO-
UCXOXACHNA. STO XOaMbI CaHTa SyAaavia, CaH Ce6acTbsH, CaH
Aykac, CaHTa Xycta uv Pyduta. B 1500 r., Koma BECTTOTCKUM
KYAbT ObIA MOAKTUYECKM 3AObIT, NO YKa3sy KADAVHaAa CucHepoca
B FOPOACKOM CObope 6biAa CO3AaHa YACOBHA Kopnyc Konctu,
uHaye Mocapabec, c Tem, YTOObI STOT KYAbT HE KAHYA B HEObI-
Tue. AAA ero BOCCTAHOBACHIA ObIAM COOPAHb!I BOSANIHO COXPa-
HUBLUNECA KOACKCbI, MAHYCKOMNTbI MV A@KE TOCOHNKU TOFO BDe-
M@HM.
[lO BHELWHEMY BAY STVKX LIEDKBEM HETPYAHO 3€METMTb, YTO BCe OHM
MOCTOOeHb! B CTUAE MYAeXA/D, KOTOPbI BOODLE XAAKTEDeH AAA a0-
XUTKTYPbI FODOAA. STOT CTMAb Obl CO3AAH B ICAI 1 OYeHb Pac-
NDOCTPAHEH B TOACAO, T.K. CTO NOABACHNE ONOSACACHO KOHKDETHbI-
MA UCTOPVECKMMY YCAOBMSIMU:: COXDAHEHNEM @PGOCKOFO VICKYCCT-
Ba MOCA@ XPUCTMAHCKOLO 3aBO@BAHNA. B KOHEYHOM CHETE, D@Ub UACT
O CASH SACMEHTOB ABYX KYABTY/O C BOCTOYHON OPNEHTALINeN, KO-
TOPOS HAAOKNAO OTNEYATOK VU Ha APXUUTEKTYPY EBNEMICKMAX CUMHArOF.
XAPAKTEPHAA YETA NOCTPOK B CTUAS MYACXAD — STO UCNOAb30Ba-
HUE B KAY@CTBE CTOOMTEABHOM OCHOBbI KMONUYHOU M KaMEHHOM
KA@AKM, DABHO KAK BUTM@BATbI ACKOD C COMUNE aAeOaCTOOBbIX
SAEMEHTOB, OOAUBHOM KEDAMMKI, a TAKE ACDEBAHHbIX NEPEKPbI-
TUM. BOAbLUMHCTBO TOAZACKMX XOGMOB COXPAHAIOT CTMAb MYACXAaD
HECMOTOA HA AOOABACHIA, HEM3O22KHbIC B TEYEHMI CTOABKUIX BEKOB
VX CYLUECTBOBAHMA.
Llepxobe Cav Axdpec
LlepxoBe Caxmbszo denb Appabanb
CTOUT O6PaTHTb TAKKE BHVMAHME Ha LICOKOBb Ca AHapec. MMo-
CELSHNe USOKBU MHTEPECHO TEM, YTO B €@ ADXUTeKTYpe NDeA-
CTABACHbI Pa3AMYHbIe SNOXN MW TEYeHIA. PKEHCKM MOHACTbIDb
CaHTa V3za6enna Pearb, OCHOBAH B 1477 F AOHbEM Mapnel Cy-
apec TOACACKON B OAHOM M43 €& MAMMAbH‘IX ABOPLIOB (BCE
OHM — B CTUAG MYAexap). B AHCaMOAb BXOAMT TaKKE CTAPUHHAA
UePKOBb CaH AHTOAMH C KOaCBeEUe ANCHAOH B CTUAe MYAe-
xap. LlepKoBb CaH BapTOAOM3 OTAMYAETCA Vi3ALIHOM OALWHeN, a
TakKKe BOABLUIMM PasHOOHPasemM APOK B ancuAe. LleoKOBb
CaHTO TOM3 Vi3BECTHA CBOeN Hale, CUUTAIOLLIeNca O6Pa3LjOM
3TOFO GPXUTEKTYPHOFO CTMAS. HaKOHeL, UCOKOBb CaHTbaro
A@Ab Appabanb 3aCAyKuBaeT OCOGOr0 BHUMAaHMa — B Heid 6OAb-
We, YM B ADYTMX NAMATHMKAX COXPAHEHb! XADAKTEPHbIe YEPTbI
CTUAA Myaexap. Ee CO3AaHe OTHOCHTCS? K XIII B., HO 6alwHa NO-
CTOOeHA eLUe PaHblWe, B XII B. UW, CYAA NO KOHCTPYKLIM UM pac-
NOAOXKEHMIO ACCTHUL, CAYKMAA B CBOe BOEMA MUHADETOM ObIB-
wen MeYetn. B Le@PKBU TOV Heda, 3aKPbiTble B BEDXHeM YaCTV
TDEMA NOAYKDYTABIMM ANCMUASMM, KOTOPbIe ACKOPUPOBaHb! CHA-
PY>K B BUAE NOPTAAOCB C CepKen CAenbIxX ADOK. BO BHYTO@HHEM
YOPAHCTBE BbIACAAIOTCA ACDEBAHHbIe KECCOHHbIe NEPEKDBITUS 1
HEOOAbLUAA Kab|eApa 3 aAeOacTpa, YKO@LUEHHAA MABOVTAHCK-
MA MOTMBAMM. PeTaOAO BHYLUUTEABHDIX Pa3MEOB BbIMOAHCHO B
CTUAE MAATEDECKO MACTEPOM MpaHCHICKO ICNVHO3ON.
Ckut Koucto Ae Aa Bexa — 3TO ele OAH 3aMeUaTeABHBIM Na-
MSTHMK, COZA@HHbIM B CTHAG MYACXAP. CKUT HAXOANTCA B KOHL
npocnekta Pumckoro Llvpka (Circo Romano). KorAa-TO CKUT
BXOAMA B GHCAMOAb BECTTOTCKOM GasMAnki CaHTa Aeokaana,
Ae OObINHO NDOBOAMAACb LIEDEMOHMA OCBELEHMA LIEOKOBHbIX
Co6opos. OT NEPBOHAYAABHbIX NOCTPOK COXPAHMANCb TOABKO
npecsuTepckas u ancuaa. CKUT OYeHb M3BECTEH 3-38 YYA@CHO-
TO, MOOCAABACHHOLO B ACTEHAAX UV NDeABHUAX N306PaxeHNa
Xpucta, Y KOTOPOrO OAHA PYKa HE NPVVBOXKACHA K PACNATHIO.
 Wee ;
a oups ig \

Llepxo6.
CaHmbs20 denb
Appabanp:
2naGHoll anmapb
 S Do
SE= S = oS S= S cb) =
>
QD8 >
yepxbu Can Bucexme

nabHol i anmapb cKuma

Kpucmo de na Bexa co
3HAMeHUMbIM pacnamuem
Xpucma c onyuseHHo / pyKou

/KEHCKU Ui MOHACMbIpb Cama

M3abenb na Peano c
Lapakmepnoim Ona cmunsa
mydexap ucnonesobaHuem
CMPOUMENbHbIX mamepuanob
Boa
WN
Shy,

ae
TAR

LeyPr
mcs Pre:

4
[lopman yepxbu Can Knemexme: npexpackas ckynenmypa macmepa
Anoxco de Kobappy6uaca

Ozpomnoe xcuGonucHoe nonomHo Mpaucucko Pusu ykpawaem anmapo

B moxacmelpe Jac Aeycmurac Kanecadac

Mpeaatne, NOAbSYIOLIeeCa HANGOAbLUIEM NONYAAPHOCTbIO, UC-

NOAb3OBAHO XOCE COPPUAben B eFO NOSMe «Y XOPOWETO Cy-
Ab HaMAYYLUUM CBUACTCAb». []Oe@kKOaCHaA NOSMa NOBECTBYET O
AiwoOsu Avero Maptukeca VW UHecbi Baprac, OKOHYBLUEICA B
TOT A@Hb, KOFAa MOAOAOM TOAC ACL OTNDABNACA Ha BONY. Ha
N|OOLAHNS OH NOKAAACA ACBYLUKE B BEYHOM AIOOBU U MOOGeLIaA
KEHUTbCA, KAK TOABKO BEPHETCA AOMON. AOATE FOAb! OH NPO-
BEA BA@M OT POAHOLO FOPOAA, a KOFAG BEPHYACSA B TOAAO, TO
K OOABLUOMY YAMBACHUIIO MH Chl, OTKA3AACA OT CBOeFO O6eLIa-
Hig. Ta O(POCMAACh K CYAbE UCKaTb CNPABEAAMBOCTH, HO OKa3a-
AOQCb, YTO Y HEE HET CBUACTEAGM, KOOMe PacnsTna XpucTa. Vl
BOT BCE OTNPABUANCb B CKUT, TAe CTOAAO STO Pacnatve. CyAba
OOPATUACA K PACNATUIO U CNHOCUA, NPaBAa AU, YTO NaPeHb
OOeLWAA KEHMTbCA. TorAa XPUCTOC OTOPBAA CBOIO PYKY OT Pac-
NATUA, VB TOT Ke MUI NOO3BYYaA FOACC: «SH CBUACTEAbCTBYIO».
KaK MOXKHO 3€M@TMTb, OOABLUMHCTBO XPAMOB TOAGAO COXPaHsAeT
M@BPUVITAHCKYIO OCHOBY HECMOTPA Ha HENi3O@KHbIe, WHOA 3Ha-
UATEAbHbIe NOZAHN]S ACOaBACHMA. LlepKBei, NOCTDOCHHbIX B
APYIMX CTMASX, B TODOAe MAAO. K YCAY OOPAa3LLOB rOTMYeCKON
APOXVITEKTYPbl OTHOCUTCA COBO VW MOHACTbIDb CaH XyaH Ae AOC
Penec. *KEHCKMI MOHACTbIDb CaHTO AOMMHTO 3Ab AHTUXYO NO-
CTPOCH B CTMAG PEHECCAHC NO NPOeKTy XyaHa JOPEepbi. STOT
MOHACTbIDb UHTEPECEH TAKKE TEM, YTO CBA3AH C TROPYECTBOM
DAb [eKO. XYAOXKECTBEHHbIE IEHHOCTU, COOPAHHbIe Tam, CO-
CTABAAIOT KOMACKLINIO My3e@9. B MOHACTbIDe CaH KA@MeHTE, B
CTUAG PEHECCAHC NOCTPORH KPACUBbIA NOPTAA U3 TECAaHHOFO
KaMH9, DAOOTbI MaCTe—a AAOHCO Ae KoBappy6uaca. EcTb B ro-
DOAE COPABLIbI CTUAA OADOKKO: @PKOBb CaH UVAeAbbOHCO,
UHae, LCOKOBb WoaHHa Kpectuteaa; KEHCKMM MOHA@CTbIpb CaH
Meapo Maptup ( 8 HaCTOALee BOSMA B HEM PACNOAOXEHb! My-
HVUUMN@AbHbIe CAYXKObI); LICOKOBb MOHACTbIDA Aac ArycTMHac
KaAbCaAac, Ha3bIBaA@MOFO B HaPOAC MOHACTbIDEM LIbIFaHOK
(UCPKOBb V3BECTHA MOHYMEHT@AbHbIM NOAOTHOM, V306paKalo-
LUM Boromatepb, KUCTH DpaHcucKo Pu3u; MOHACTbIOb CaHTO
AOMUHFO 3Ab PeaAb, OCHOBAHHbIM B XIV B. C Le PKOBb SOAee
NO3AHerO Neonoaa (XVII B.), ACKOPUPOBAHHAA KDAaCMBbIM NOP-
TaAOM C HABECOM.

flopman moxacmlpckou yepkbu Carmo Jomureo anb Peano

Bawa yepxbu Camo Toms, 2de Geicmabnen wedeGp xuGonucu Ib
[pexo «/lozpe6exue 2paqa de Opeaca»

3Ab FPEKO B TOAEAO

/\AYHOCTb VM TROPYECTBO JAb [OCKO HEOTACAMMbI OT TOAGAO. Vi

H@ TOAbKO NOTOMY, YTO OH NPOBEA 3AeCb OOALUYIO YACTb XV3HU
Vl BbIDaOOTAA CBOIO COOCTBEHHYIO MaHEPYy NUCbMa, HO TaKKE
NOTOMY, HTO, KAK 3aMeYaeT MCCACAOBATEAb TROPYECTBA XYAOX-
HUKa M@paHbOH, OT XABONNCU JAb [eKO, Tak Ke KAK OT CTAapO-
FO TOA@AO, UCXOAMT TOeBOra. AOMeHNKOC TeoTOKONYAN, NO
NPO3BAHNIO JAb [OeKO, DOAMACA B 1541 F Ha O. Kout, HaXOAMB-
WEMCSA B TO BOEMA NOA NOOTeKTODATOM BeHeuni. COBCeM MO-
AOAbIM OH Ye3KaeT B BeHelio, 3aTem NepeOupaerca B Pum, fAe
DaOOTAT NOA HAYAAOM BEANKIUX UTAABSHCKMX XYAOXKHUKOB. Kak
U APY MACTEPA, OH ObIA HACABILUGH O CTDOUTEAbCTBE ICKO-
puana, 4B 1575-15766 nonesxaet B UcnaHuio 4 O6OCHOBEI-
BaeTCA B TOACAO. 3A@Cb, C NOMOLUbIO ADY3eU, EMY YAAETCA NO-
AYYTb CBO MEPBbIA 3aKa3. PEYb UAT O [AABHOM DETAOAO B MO-
Hactbloe CaHTO AOMMHTO 3Ab AHTUXYO. B MOHACTbIDe COXPaHh-
MCb MMLUb ABE NOAAMHHbIe KAD TMHbI XYAOXKHMKa: «ABa VOaHHa»
u «PacnaTne». MOcAe N€pBOro 3aKa3a DAb [fekKO CO3AaeT NO-
AOTHO «CpbipaHne OAexKA» (1577-1579 Fr.) AAA COBOPA DAb
Maptupvo ae CaH Maypucuo (1580-1582 r.) B ScKopuane.
OAH@KO M@HE Da NUCbMa XYAOXHUKA HE NPUWAACb NO BKYCY
Quaunny Il, KOTOPbIN YAAAMA DAb [eKO OT CBOeTO ABOPA. Ha-
NPOTHB, B TOACAO Y HeFO NOABAAIOTCA NOKPOBUTEAM VU MHOXE-
CTBO 3€Ka30B OT FODOACKMX XOAMOB. XYAOXKHNK OOPEA M3BECT-
HOCTb VM YBAKEHUE, KOTODbIMM OH NOAb3OBAACA AO CBO KOH-
UMHbI B 1614 F.
No non6bituv 43 ViTaAu, SAb [oe@KO OCTAHOBMACA B TOAAO. OH
Cpa3y Ke KEHMACA Ha XCPOHMME Ae AAC KY3BaC, KOTOPAA B
578 F. POAMAa eMy CbIHa — XOPXe MaHy3Aa. V3BECTHO, YTO
AOM XYAOXHMKa CTOSA HEABACKO OT TOTO ME@CTA, FAC B HACTOS-
Wee BOeMa OTKObIT AOM-My3el Sb [oeKo. 3AaHve My3e9 ObIAO
NOCTOORHO B HaYaAe XX B. NO UHULUNATUBE MADKi3a Ae Aa Baxa-
VUHKAaHa. MO CO3AaH ObIAU UCNOAb3OBAHbI POarMeHTb! CTa-
DUHHbIX MOCTOOEK MW NOAAUHHAA MEOeAb XVI _B. B My3ee COOPa-
Hbl BO@ANHO NOOUZBEACHUA XYAOXKHUKA, PAHE™ PAZO0OCAHHbIe
NO Pa3HbIM MECTaM. TOOXECTBEHHOE OTKPbITHE My3@A COCTOS-
AOCb B 1912 Fr.

Burympexxuu OGopuk Aloma-my3e9 Ino [pexo. PoduGwuuca 3a npedenamu

Mcnaxuu, xydoxcHuK OyxoGbHo caunca c Tonedo u co3zdan 6 3mom eopode
coe nyywee npousGedeHue
Y Jno Ipexo cobcmbexHoe GudeHue 2opoda, Komopoe on ompazun B
nonomue «Bud u naax eopoda Tonedo» (1610—1614 2., Hom-my3el Inb
[peko)
B HACTOALICS BOEMA B MY3@e COOPAHA 3HAYMTEABHAA KOMEKLIMA,
BKAIOYAIOLLIAA, B OCHOBHOM, NDOU3BEACHNA NOCASAHETO Nepno-
Aa TBOPYECTBa XYAOXKHUKa. COe@An HUX, TAKS BOCXUTUTEABHbIE
NOAOTHA, KaK «BUA MW NAAH FOPOAA TOAEAO» U «ANOCTOAAAO»;
3AMeY4ATEAbHA TAKKE KAPTUHA «OnAakuBaHne Caatoro IleTpa»,
CUVTAIOLUEMCA CAMO PAaHHeM PaboTOM MacTepa (OKOAO
Sous):
B TOA@AO €CTb U APYre MY3EN, BbICTABAAIOLUNEG NOOVZBEACHMA
Ib [PeKO. ITO My3eN ObiBIerO rocnuTaAA CaHTa Kpyc, rae
CPeAV NPOUNMX KATH XYAOXKHUKa HAXOAMTCA CFO NOCACAHEE MM
CaMO€. 3HAUUTCABHOR NOAOTHO «BO3HECeHue Boromatepu». B
My3ee ObiIBLerO TOCNuTAAA TaBepa BbICTAaBAeHa KaPTHHa «CBa-
TO CEMENCTBO» MU CTaTySTKa «CnacuTeAb», PeAYaUWee CKYAbN-
TYPHO? NPOVZBEAeHNe MacTepa. B YacOBHe CaH XOCe, YacT-
HOM MOACABHE, AAA KOTOPOM XYAOKHVKOM CO3A@HbI TOM PeTad-
AO, COXPAHVAMCb MLUb NOAOTHA «CBaTOM ViakoB» 1 «KOPOHOBa-
Hue Boromatepn». B MOHaCTbIDe CaHTO AOMMHTO 3Ab AHTXYO
[lozpe6exue epaqba de Opeaca (1586—1588 2., yepKobs Can Toma)
MOXKHO YBUACTb KAPTUHbI, O KOTOPbIX Ye ObIAO CKA3AHO, HO
STO TaKKE MECTO 3AXOPOHEHMA XYAOKHNKA. B KadeADAABHOM
cobope KOOMe NOAOTHA «CpbiBaHNe OASKA» XPAHVITCA TaKOKE
«ANOCTOAGAO», & B I@OKBU CaH TOMS HaXOAMTCA OAHO 13 N3Be-
CTHEMLUUX TROPEHM MaCTePa, ETO NOAOTHO «Morpe6eHne rpa-
da Ae Orpaca». KapTHHa CO3AaHa B NENNOA 1586—1588 r. u
NOBECTBYET O YYAe, CBEPLWNBLUEMCA Ha NOXOPOHAX pada Ae
Oprac, a Koraa cB. ABrYCTMH U1 CB. STbeH CNYCTUANCh C He6eC,
YTOObI NOSAATb 3EMAS TEAO NOKOMHOLO. KaptTMHa UHTepecHa
LU TEM, YTO XYAOXKHUK NPSACTABMA LIeAYIO NOPTPETHYIO FaAe-
Delo NEPCOHAKeN, NOVUVCYTCTBYIOLINX Ha NOXOPOHAX. ITO NOPT-
DeTbI COBDEMEHHMKOB JAb [eKO, CHAN KOTOPbIX OH U300Pa-
3A CeOa, B OOPa3e PbILIa\OI, NOAMO CMOTPALLErO Ha 3—PUTeAeH,
VU CBOeTO CbIHa — B NEPCOHAXKe Naxa, HECYLerO PakeA uu Ha
MAATKe KOTOPOFO NO-rPeY4eCKN HAYePTAHO UMA XYAOX%KHMKA.
Baepxy HaXOAMTca aMeropnyecknit O6pa3 CAaBbl, KOTODOM 6y-
A@T OTAGHA Aya YMePLUerO.
O6wuui Gud u 0Ge demanu enabxoz0 qacada 6biGulez0 2ocnumana Caxma
Kpyc

MY3EV CAHTA KPYC

STO OAH 3 CaMbIX VHTEDECHbIX MY3€eB TOACAO, NVUMeYATeAb-

HbIM NOAHOTON Vi LIEHHOCTbIO MDOHAOB, a TAKE 3AGHNEM, B KOTO-
(OM OH PACNOAOXKeH — ObIBLUMM rocnUTaeM CaHTa Kpyc. Mo
UHVUMATHBe BEAMKOLO KAPAMHAAA AOHA I1eApo IOHCaAeca Ae
M@HAO3b1 B 1494 Fr. ObIA OCHOBAH FOCNUTaAb CaHTa Kpyc, npu-
OTB OPOLWEHHbIX ACTEM V1 KOTOPDIA NOOCAYKMA B STUX Le-
AIX AO 1846 6. UHuuNaTOpy CTPOUTEAbCTBa He ACBEAOCb YBU-
A@Tb P@3YAbTATbI CBOUX CTAPAHN, HY A@KE HAYaAa PAOOT: OH
ymep B 1495 F., HO B 3ABELUAHU Ha3HA4NA UCNOAHVITEAAM CBO-
el BOM KOpOAeBy VisaGenny KaTOAMUKY, AYXOBHKOM MM COBET-
HIKOM KOTODON OH ObIA, U CBOeFO NONeMHMKa, apxuennckona
TOA@ACKOLO, KAPAMHAAa CUCHEPOCA, KOTOPbIN TAaKKE CABIA M@-
LI@HATOM MW NOKDOBUTEAGM MHOFX FOPOACKUX HadHaH. Ha-
KOHeU, B 1504 r. 6biA 3AAOXKEH NePBbIN KAMEHb, U ACCATb ACT
CNYCTA CTOOUTEABCTBO ObIAO 3ABEPLUCHO.
OTBETCTBEHHbIM 3a CTPOMTEAbCTBO ObIA Ha3HAYeH KOPOACBCKIA
AOXUTEKTOD SHOUKE Srac, KOTODbI CO CBOMM OpaTom AHTO-
HOM V3FOTOBMA MPOKT OOAbLUOFO 3A@HMA B ABa 3TaKa, C OCHO-
BaHNeM B BUAG FOSYECKOFO KPECTAa, HANOMVHAIOLUETO MUAGHC-
KUM XOCNUC apxuTeKTopa Muaapers. B MecTe nepeceyYeHun ne-
De@KA@AMH KO@CTA AOAXKHbI ObIAM ObiTb COZAAHbI YETbIOe BHYT-
D@HHUX ABOPUKA, HO 13 HX ObIAM 3AKOHYHbI TOABKO TAU, a
OAMH ObIA CHABHO YM@HbLUGH. MHOre V3BECTHbIe MaCTepa CO-
TOYAHMYAA C OPaTbAMM Brac, Takue Kak AAOHCO Ae KoBappy-
6UAC, ABTOP NOOeKTA BEAVKOAENHOLO FAaBHOFO NOPTAAA MM Lep-
KB Ho6ae. KoBappyOuac 3aAYM@A NOPTAA Vi TA@BHbI baCa@A KAK
GOAbLIOe HETAOAO. TMMNAH yKPAalaeT CLeHa OOpeTeHue Yect-
HOrO KOeCcTa CB. EA@HOU, [Ae UZ0OPAXKEH KADANHAA MeHAO3a,
NOKAOHAIOLUMNCA Viepycaaumckomy Kpecty, KOTODbIN OH NOYM-
Tad C OCO6bIM PBEHVeM. Bbilue Uz06parxeHa CLIGHa OOnatua
cB, Voaxuma VM cB. AHHbI N@DeA 3CAOTBIMM BPaTaMH, [Ae C ABYX
CTOPOH V300PAaxeHbI NaTONAapxN. OGe CLIeHbI HAXOASTCA B OK-
DYKEHU CKYABMTYHbIX FOYNN C MHOFOUMCACHHbIMM NeCOHA-
KAM U BC@BO3MOXHbIMU ACTAAAMM. OMOPMACHUE FAGBHOFO
dacava — STO BEAMKOAENHbIA OOPAsel CTMAA UCNAHCKOFO MAa-
TEDECKO. MOAOGHAA ACTAANZALIVA ACKOPATMBHEIX SACMEHTOB
X@PAKTEPHA VV AAA BHYTOeHHErO YOPAHCTBA NOMeLLIEHM — ABe-
De BECTUOIOAA, KOACMBEMWHX ACOBAHHIX KECCOHHbIX NOTOA-
KOB, OOLUMTbIX MaHEAIMM Ha NE|PBOM STAKE, a Ha BEOXHEM — CO
CTPONUAAMH VM OaAKaMY, COPAa3YIOLMMM KYMOA, TANMYHBIM AAA
APXuTeKTYPbI SNOXN XaAndata.
 j:
;
ri}
Ee]
3

‘
'

A
rf

i
s
 Bud nepGoz0 amaxxa my3zea Caxma Kpyc c yacoGxeu 6 eny6uxe 3an0
B KOHLUe CEBEPHOFO KpbIAa, TAC HAXOAMTCA BXOA, NOCTOOeHA
YaCOBHA C KDACUBbIM CTO@AbYATbIM CBOAOM. DOHA! MY3@A DaC-
NDSACACHbI NO ABYM OTACAGM: U30OPA3UTEABHOTO UCKYCCTBA U1
AOXEOAOTUN. 3aAbl NZOOPAa3UTEAHOFO UCKYCCTBA PACNOAOXKe-
Hb| Ha NEOBOM VM BTOPOM 3T@KaX, a OTACA ADXEOAOMMM 3AHMMaeT
NOABAAbHOS NOMELUEHNES MU LEPKOBb Hobae. Koarekua My3e9
NONOAHMABCb AYYLUMMM O6Pa3LaMi HADOAHOFO TBOPYECTBA TO-
A@ACKUX PEMECACHHMKOB, BbICTABACHHbIMM TAKXKE B NOABGAAX
MY3@3.
SKCNOHATH!I OTACAA UZOOPA3UTEABHOTO UCKYCCTBA NOCACTABAS-
OT COOOK OFPOMHYIO LIGHHOCTb: Me6eAb U OPyrxue XVI B.;
CKYAbNTYPHbIe NOACHbIE NOPTPeTb! Kapaa V B Cepebpe U Mpa-
Mope, 06a XVI B.; GoraTeaa KOAACKUMA KOBDOB, CDeAN KO-
TOPbIX rObeAeH AcTpOAaROuid XV B.; WTAHAAPT AAMMDAABCKOFO
CYAHa NU OuTBe Noa AenaHTO; uz06paxeHie XPUCTa, KOTO-
62
DOE, NO NPeAa@HUlo, OblIAO HAMAeHO B MeYeTK KpUCTO Ae Aa
AyC; MO€MOPHOe PacnaTHe Uy, YTO NDEACTABARET OCOOeHHbIN
UHTEPEC, KOAACKLIMA KUBOMUCH — KaDTHHb! Pubepsi, KapAyyo,
Mopaneca, XOPAaHO, KO3Ab0, Tou W COAMAHOe COOPAaHue
KaPTMH MECTHbIX XYAOXKHUKOB XVI—XVII B., CO€AM KOTOPbIX,
KOH@YHO X@, NOOUZBEACHUA DAb I/eKO. B OOLWEM CAOXKHOCTH,
My3@lt DACNOAaraeT OKOAO 20 paboTamu MaCcTepa, XOTA HEKO-
TOPbIe 3 HX TOAKO NPUNUCbIBAIOTCA KUCTH DAb [eKO, APY-
re — KONMM KATH , XOAHALLIMXCA B TOPOACKUX LepKBAX. He3a-
ObIBACMOS BNEYATACHNE OCTABARET NOAOTHO «BO3HEeceHne bo-
TOMATeEPM» — OAHO 3 HOBATOPCKUX NOOM3BEACHMM XYAOXKHMKA.
KaptuHa HanucaHa B 1613 £., He3aAOATO AO KOHYMHbI JAb
[DeKO.
Kak ye ObIAO CKa3AHO, LePKOBb HObAe — 3TO BbICOUaMWee
TBOPeHVe AAOHCO Ae KoBappybuaca.
 HASAN Os
AGN?

Brocm Kapaa V uz moxKocmexuoeo cepebpa (XVI 6.)

Lle@pkoOBb UM@eT B OCHOBAGHMM KBAADAT, OHA ABYX3TAXKHAA, C NO-

AYKDYTABIMM ADKAMM Ha HYXKHEM STAKE VV BbINYKABIMM A(KAMM Ha
BEPXHEM Spyce. 3aMeYaTeAbHbI E KECCOHHbIe MOTOAKM I ACCT-
HULA, KOTOPAA BEACT HA BTOPON STAX, YKOALUEHHAA BEAVKOAEN-
HOM CKYABNTYPOM. VM@HHO B STOW YaCTM 3AaHMA PAa3MELLHbI
SKCNOHATbI AOXEOACIMYECKOLO OTACAA MY3@9, OXBATbIBAIOLUSTO
NEPNOA C AOUCTOPUYECKUX BOSMEH AO MYCYAbMGHCKOTO 3aB80-
@BaHna.

Bud mpakcenma cmapukHozo 2ocnumana CaHma Kpyc: xa nepBom

nage — monyatiwas omdenka nunacmp
Bud yepxbu
Hobxe 6e1bweeo
2ocnumana
Canma Kpyc

AnoHco de
KoBappy6uac —
OOUH U3
apxumeKmopo6,
ocmabu6wuu
6onewoli cned B
o6suxe Tonedo,
Alna eocnumana
Canma Kpyc,
Kpome enabHozo
nopmana, oH
nocmpoun
make
KpacuGeulwyro
AeCMHUYY
LTT

MUN
NATK;

Taller de! Moro — He6onbwou, C HACbILeEHHOU

kKoanexuueli my3eu — Bxodum qbunuanom 6
cocmab omdena uz06pasumenbHoix uckyccm u
nocBaujeH maBpumaxcKum pemecnam. Myzeu
pacnonoeH Ha OOHOUMeHHOU ynuye 6 OOHOM
U3 30aHUU OBopyobo2o aHcambnA
Qysxcanuda, c KomopbiM OH CoobujaemcaA
yepe3 GaympexHul OGopux. Myzeu
pacnonazaem 3anom u Gyms 6oKoGbimu
anbKoGaMmu; NOMELEHUA MY3e9 YKPOWeHE!
pe3b60u no anebacmpy u depeGsHHeimu
KECCOHHbIMU NepeKpbimusamu. My3zeU coxpaHun
Ha3zGaHue Macmepckux, 6 KomopbIx
GBbINOAHANUC 30KQ3bI Ona Cmpoumenecmba
kaqbedpanbHozo0 cobopa. Pabomabwue mam
macmepa 6binu, 8 ocKHoGHOM, apabamu,
GepHee mydexapamu u bonbwumu ymenbuamu
npuknadHozo uckyccméa. [uncobele naumel,
ykpawaroujue cmexol 3ana, paGHO KaK U e20
Opyeue sKcnoxamel, npedcmaGnsiom cobou
npekpacnole o6pa3yb! maGpumaHCKO2o cmuna,
cmonb XLapakmepHoeo Ona Tonedo, 2de
apa6cKue momuGb! nepennemaromca C
XpucmuaHckum ucKyccmGom
Tpydxo npedcmabume,
ymo 30 Cmpo2uM
GHewHum qbacadom
zocnumana TaGbepa
cKpbimb! Gozamble
coKpoGuwwa

Bud dGotiHoeo
GHympeHHeeo OGopuKa,
cnpoeKmupoGaHHoeo
Anoxco de
KoGappy6uacom ona
zocnumana Tabepa

TOCTMTAAb TABEPA MV MY3EV POHAA FEPLIOFA
AE AEPMA
B ObiBem rocnuTane TaBepa, AYYWe YeM fAe 6b! TO HV ObIAO B
TOA@AO, OLWYWWaeTCA NOAAMHHOE NUucytcTBue Uctopun. Ael-
CTBUTEAbHO, B MY3@@ COOPAHbI TUNMMYHbIe AAA ABOPLIOB KACTUAb-
CKON 3HaTU ACKOPATUBHOS YOPAHCTBO M CTaDUHHad MEO@Ab
XVI B. B My3e@@ COXPAHEHA TaKXKE ANTeKa C KOAACKLINeN Pe-
TOPT, CTYNOK, COCYAOB VU APYFUX NOVHAAAS@XKHOCTeNM — BCE B
TOM BUA, B KAKOM 3TO ObIAO B XVI B. TO Ke CAMOe MOXHO CKa-
38Tb O6 aPXViBaX, [Ae B NOAHOM NOPAAKE, B OTKPbITOM AOCTyNe
NOAACPXUBACTCA KOAACKLIMA KHVMT AOKYM@HTOB. ITOT MY3eV
Ha3bIBACTCA TaKKe [OCNUTaAb MoaHHa Kpectuteaa — OH NOCBa-
L2H STOMY CBATOMY, a TakxKe Hospital de Afuera, Tak Kak pac-
B 601Gwem eocnumane TaBepa, Kpome YeHHbIx KapmuUH, CobpaHa makxce
cmapuHHasa mebenb
NOAOKEH BHE FOPOACKON CTeHbI. HO OMULMaAbHbIM Ha3BGHNeEM
OH 06934H CBOeMY CO3AaTeAIO — AOHY XYaHy Ae TaBepa, KOTO-
DbI NOCACAOBAA NOUMePY KaPAMHAAa MeHAO3bI, COZAAaBLUEMY
HECKOABKUMU ACCATUACTUAMM P@HbLUe FOCNUTAAb CaHTa Kpyc.
[OCMUTAAb COXPAHAA CBOE Ha3HAYeHne AO VicnaHCKOU TOaxKAaH-
CKO BOMHbI, BO BOEMA KOTOPON OH ObIA Da3PYWEH VM 3aKPbIT.
[AaBa CeMbM, BAOBCTBYIOWaA FepLOrMHa Ae Aepma, Oyay4n
DOACTBEHHULIEM NO HUCXOAALUIEN AMHUM repliora Ae TaBepa, no-
AYUUAA B HACACACTBO 3AaHNe, B KOTOPOM KOFAa-TO pa3smela-
AOCb GOFOyrOAHOY 3aBeAeHneE ee NPeAKa. OHa PelUMAa pec-
TABOUDOBATb FOCNUITAAb Vl YCTPOMTb B CFO ACBOM KPbIAe MY3eM
Monaa repujora ae Aepma. B my3ee ObiAa Pa3sMeLUeHa CTAPUH-
Hada M@ORAb, NOCBOCXOAHAA KOAACKLUA KADTUH, 8 TaKKE ANTekKa,
O KOTOPON WAa Peb , M OoraTenwWue apxuBbl TOCNMTAAA.
Npexae Bcero, OCMOTOMIM 3AaHne rocnuTand CHapy>KU.
69
Alemanb Kapil
nb [pexo «Cbamoe
cemeucmbo» B
zocnumane TaGepa,
CO30QHHOU OKONO
1595 2. B o6paze
Bozomamepu
xYyOoxHUK, no cell
Gudumocmu,
u3z06pazun cGol0
ey, Komopas
ymepna 3adoneo do
co3daHua
npou3GedeHuA

B APXUTEKTYPHOM OTHOLUEHMM, STO OAHO M13 UHTEDeCHEMLUNX
3AGHUN TOACAO, NOCTDOHHOE B CTUAG UCMAHCKOFO PEHECCAH-
caB 1549-1579 6. Or POMHbI UEOKOBHbI KYNOA ObIA 3aBep-
WEH NO3KE, B 1602 f., a FAABHbIN daca NOeTePNeA B NOCAeAy-
OLUNe NEPVOAb! Pa3AMYHbIe V3MEHEHUA. YEPTexki 3AaHi9 ObIAM
pa3pa6oTaHb! BapToAoms ByctamaHTe, PYKOBOANMBUMM CTPON-
T@AbCTBOM AO 1549 r. PaOOTb! ObIAN MDOAOAKEHbI NOA HAYaAOM
AAOHCO Ae KopappyOuaca 1 apxuTekTopos Bepxapa — aBTopoB
BOCXUTUTEABHOFO OPUMHAAbHOFO ABOMHOFO BHYTO@HHErO ABO-
pnka, NOVTsrMBaIOLero kK CeOe OCTAAbHbIe NOCTOOMKU AaHCaMO-
Aa. ABOPeU-My3eU HAXOAVTCA HAACBO OT BXOAa; HanpaBo —
6UOAnoTeYHbIe NOMELUEHHA, B KOTODbIX COOPaHb! Victopuyec-
Ke aOxuBbI BAATOPOACTBA; HAN|POTMB HAXOAMTCA LeOKOBb, 3a-
M@YA@TAbHaa TEM, YTO @e YKPalUaeT KOACMBEMWAA YCbINaAbHULA
KAPAMHAAa Ae TaBepa (1554 £.), OAHO V3 AYYLWUX NOOV3BeAeHUN
AAOHCO Ae beppyrete, 3aXBaTbIBAaIOWee CBO NDOCTOTON uu
Césmoe cemeticmGo, Kucmu Tuxmopemmo, Bxodum 6 xydoxecmbeHHyIo
coxpobuuHuuy eocnumana Tabepa
NPOH3MTEAbHbIM PZAAN3MOM. AOCTOMHO BHVIMGHMA FAaBHOe Pe-
TAOAO: OHO ObIAO HAYATO Ab FOeKO, HO XYAOXKHMK YMED, He 3a-
KOHYMB TRODEHVE, KOTOPOE ObIAO 3ABEPLWEHO ero CbIHOM XOP-
xe MaHy3rem. V3 PasAn4HbIX NOONZBEACHMM Ab [O@KO, XPaHa-
LUUXCA B MY3@e, HaNOOAee 3HAYVITEAbHbIe — STO «CBaTOe CeMel-
CTBO», FA@, BOZMOXHO, UZOOPAaXKEHb! UACHbI CEMbM XYAOXKHMKA;
«[lOPTPeT KADANHAAa Ae TaBepa», HANMCAHHbI C NOCMEPTHOU
MACK CO3AaTEAA XOCNMCA; BAVAHT KAPTUHb! «KpeleHne Xpnu-
CTa> U HEOOAbLUAA CKYAbNTYPAa «CNacuTeAb», OAH V3 PeAYan-
WX CKYABNTYPHbIX PaboT Ab [fpeko. B My3ee NPSACTABACHO
TBOPYECTBO ADYIX KPYNHbIX MACTEPOB, TAKUX KaK XOCe Prube-
Dbl (@fO 3HaMeHUTON KapTUHON Mujer Barbuda); TMHTOpeTTo
(«CBaToe CeMeNCTBO» ); Cyp6apaH («llopTpetom repuora Ae
Meanaceav ); CaHyec Ko3Abo («flopTpeTom AHTOHMO |lepe-
ca, cekpetapa Ouaunna ll») 4 KapeHbo (NOPTPeTAaMM KOPOAEBbI
MapviaHHb! ABCTPMMCKOM 1 KOpOAS XyaHa II MoptyraAbCKoro)
 O6wuud Gud 3amKa Anbkacap, GrywumenbHole oYepmaxua KOMOpozO
Go3Berwaromcs Had cmapbimu KGapmanamu Tonedo
AAbKACAP
3aHUmad CaMOe BbICOKOe NOAOXKeHUEe B ropOAe, AAbKacap, C
AD@BHEMULUX BOEMEH, CAYDKMA LIGHTOAADHOM TOUKOM OGOPOHN-
TEAbHOU CUCTEMb! TOACAO. 3a CBOIO AOATYIO UCTOPMIO VB Pa3-
HbIX OOCTOATEABCTBAX OH ObIA HEOAHOKDATHO Pa3PYLIEH, HO
Ka KAI Da3 BHOBb BO3POXAAACA M3 NenAa. CTpaTeruyeckaa Bbl-
rOAa M@CTa ObIAa OL@HEHA PUMARHAMM, KOTOPbIe OCHOBAA
3AeCb NOeTOPHiO. B SNOXy BECTTOTOB HEA@AeKO OT 3TOFO MeCTa
HAXOANAACb KOPOACBCKAA PE3NACHLMA, HO OT STOFO ABOPLIA
npaktuyeckn HUYerO He OCTAaACCb. [lO3AHee, BO BOeMeHA
aDaOCKOFO BABAbINECTBA, AAA OXDAHbI KODOACBCKON PesAeH-
LIM VU Pa3MeL@HMA FAPHM3OHA 3AeCb ObIA COOPYXKEH MONT , Ha-
3bIBAaBLUUNCaA Al-Qsar, OT KOTOPOrO NOONZOLWAO Ha3BaHie Anb-
Kacap. 3aTe¢m AAbKaCap CTaA aPe@HOM BHYTDeHHUX pacnpen
M@XKAY BASCTAMM 1 HENOKOPHbIMM TOACAUAMM, CTO@MUBLUMMMCa
72
K MOAMTHYECKOM M SKOHOMUYECKOM HE3ABUCUMOCTH OT KOPAOB-
CKOrO xaAndata. B STOT Neo, apabcKNn AAbKacap HEOAHOK-
DaTHO Pa3sPYWAACA M 3aTEM BOCCTAHABAMBAACA, HO AO HALUX
AHEM AOLWAO MMLUb OAHO CBUACTEABCTBO TOM SNOXM — aKa BO-
DOT B HUXKHel YaCTM MOLIHOM 1OrO-3aN@AHON 6a, OTHOCA-
LUCA K NOABACHHIO Avb-lakeaa Il (970 r.).
Nocae 3aBOeBAHUA FOPOAA XPUCTNa@HAMN AAbOOHC VI NOBEACA
BOCCTA@HOBMTb AAbKaCap KaK NMOYHOS 3aLATHOR COOPyKeHNe
OT NONOAZHOBEHM CO CTOPOHbI AAbMOXa@AOB. [1epBbIM NpaBy-
TEAGM KDENOCTU CTaA, NO NPS|AaHuio, Cus Kamneaaop. Nonem-
HUKM KOPOAA BHECMM 3HAYMTEAbHbIe YAYYLUCHMA B ADXUTEKTYPY
COOpyYxKeHMa: NON ArbboHce X MyAPOM ObIAO 3aKOHYHb! Pac-
LUMDeHNe 3AAHUA VM NOCTOONKa ero BOCTOYHOLO dacaAa, OT KO-
TOPOFO AO HALWerO BOEMEHM COXPAaHVANCb MOLUHbIe KDYIAbIe
OalwHu.
HauiHasa C XII B., KOTAa NOCAE XPUCTUAHCKON NOG Ab! M34e3Aa
MYCYAbMAHCKas Yr003a, AAbKaCaP NPeBPATUACA B KODOAEBC- NPOTMB Ni OBbILU@HU
KYIO PE3NACHUNIO. OAHA 13 CTPAHUL ETO UCTOPUN, OTHOCALIA- NPOCAGBUAE UMEHA NOCABOAMTEAGM KOMMYH, TaKMX KaK AaCCcO
ACA K COCAHEBEKOBHIO, NO Hee set OUYGHU B FO NOABa- Ae Aa Bexa Aas @ Tlaavabu. Umnepatop nepesen B ToAe-
z
AaX HECHACTHOM BAGHKM Joana, no npnuka3sy ee MyxKa AO CBOM ABOD JAMEHHO NOTOMY, YTO H @ XOTCA OOABLUE UMETb
Neapo | Kectoxoro (1OO onOO 1 ). BOAHOM43 01 KOHQAMKTbI C STVM poponen AAbKacap ObIA NEPECTOOEH U
2
MeLI@HMN AAbKaCapa B Sem YU MOXHO BUACTb BOCCTAHOB- ABOPLIY ObilAa NOVAGHA VMNO3AHTHOCTb, KOTODONM OH OTANYa-
A@HHYIO TEMHULLY, KYAa ObIAa 3AKAIOYeHA NOK ee cynpyra @TCA VUCEfOAHA
. Z
AAbKaCaDy NOVUHAAA@XKUT OCHOBHAA POAb B 3 ce uaued Tak @Hb!| AAOHCO Ae KoBappyoua
AUAO \
Ha3bIBaeMon BOMHbI KOMMYH (1520— 1599 £.), Koraa Heno- COM Npu yyactTun Bui AbAABNAGHAO, |OHCADAUCAACCA A

OPHbIe KACTUALCKNE TOPOAA BO FAaB Ae

Ae
ONES
2OPepb

Moxymexm ITo6ede,1
npousGedexue Xyana de AGanoca, cmosuud padom
c Gocmo4Heim dacadom Anbxacapa
 *
HOM deJlppepod n
Tae - A
Kn& Arnoco
LOooadppy OUGCO U DUS Gy

4 ©
£
“DAU
a
IOLA
2 TOTO
FOU AGA
CONT. AU
LU
M ial ivf
4
FODOA a. Cae AY-

<
VX KODOACH no o6enn TANS
LIU M— PKK apeAad
A@MMM NEXOTHbIX BOCK
A lola’
Or AD)
OCaAe ZUA

aU
=B HEM RACHOADYEE
DGCHOAOKES
BOODYXKCHH CUA
5 A CYA VLIY
4ahay3en
rom Oraauc
UCadAbl, C! MHOrOUN ICACH-

.
= BaMM TakOrO
T 3Ha) MeHaTes s [pa GHCKOb 4 BOWS!
My3€¢ BOC CTa-
re
HOBAGH
UBS Ka 6uHeT NOA \WOUSMVIKG
oOauiKa
|
AV harcyar
\OCKaD AO, KfOTON
UO ia)

AO NDUXOAAa [eH
AY
TONOIA TF
UVUILYS IGGKKe BULL aa4

74
 Bo BxympenHem
dGopuKe
Anbkacapa,
OKPYHCCHHOZO
UZAWJHOU apKadou,
cmoum namMaAMHUK
umnepamopy
Kapay V (Kapay |
McnaxcKomy),
pa6bompr Jleonu —
Konua cmamyu,
opueukan Komopou
Kaxodumca 6
my3ee [Tpado 8
Madpude

[nowade Coxodobep u KpobaGbas apxa
YAMLUbI W NAOLUAAM CTAPOFO TOAEAO
Onpeaeaaiouaa YepTa CTaporo ropOAa TOAZAO — 3TO MOHY-
M@HT@AbHOCTb @FO @PXUTEKTYPbI. B HEKOTODOM CMbICAe, BECb
rOpoA NOeAcTaBaseT COOOK my3ei. Vctopuei He COOMACH HU
OAMH YFOAOK FOPOAA, VM BbIOOP ObIA OAHOZHAYHIM — NAMATHUKU
XKUBYT MAM UX OOABLUE HET. B STOM OTHOW@HM, MOXHO CKa3aTb,
4YTO M@AO Ha CBETE FODOAOB, KOTOPbIe TAK HACbILIIGHb! KUBOU
UCTOPUeN, KaK TOA@AO. KOHEYHO, MOXKHO OObEXATb FOPOA NO
MaplUpyTy, NO?AYCMaTOMBAIOLeMy NOCeEWeHNe LeOKBeN, OC-
HOBHbIX NAMATHMKOB M MY3@@B, HO YTOOb! NOZHATb AYLLIY TOACAO,
HYKHO MPOCTO NOOMTUCb NO efO YAOYKAaM VM 3ATEDATHCA B UX
nayTuHe. Aio60/ MapWPyT rODOAa HENDeMeEHHO NPOXOAMT 4e-
23 NAOLIAAb COKOAOBEP — CTABLUYIO KUZHEHHO BaXKHbIM LIGHT-
(OM TOA@AO Ha4Had C MYCYABMAHCKOM 3NOxuU. CyTOAOKa, La-
DALUAA HA NAOLUAAM, MOCTOAHHBIM LYM TOAOCOB, VAY OT ap-
76
; Rs
Aig’ :
a rennet on ne
KaA — BCe STO NOeBpalaeT COKOAOBEP B CBOeFO POAa Tea}T-
D@AbHbIe MOAMOCTKM TOACAO, TAC MOXHO HAOAOAATb U A@XKE
NONbITATbCA Pa3rAAaTb TAMHY, OKDYXAIOLUYIO KXUTEACN STOFO [O-
poaa. HasBaHne NAOWAAN NDOUCXOAMT OT aDAOCKOrO CAOBA
Suk-al-Dawab, YTO O3HaYaeT CKOTHbIM PbIHOK. KOrAa-TO 3Ta WH-
POKAA SCNAGHAAA CAYXKMAA TAABHOM YANLIEM TOPOAAa Adb-l-
LaM — PE3MUACHUMY apaOcKUx SMYPOB, Ha KOTOPOM NPOXOAMAV
TOI NOA OTKPbITbIM HEOOM. AOATOe BOEMA 3TA NAOWWAAb CUH-
TaAaCb FA@BHbIM DbIHKOM, HO He TaK A@BHO OH ObiA NepeBeAeH
Ha mjpocnekT KapMeH, TAe KAXKAbI BTOPHMK NDOXOAST TOPIM.
BMeCTe C NOMAeraOLMM YAOUKaMM N/OcnekT O6pa3yer TOp-
FOBbI KBAPTAA, FAC KAKAAA YAMLa CNeUMaAv3upyetca B NOOAG-
Ke OAHOTO BYAa TOBADOB. ITO TOAAMUNA BOCTOYHOTO PbIHKa,
YTOObI YORAMTbCA B STOM, AOCTATOYHO NDOMTMCb NO KaAbe AGAb
Komepcno MAM KaAbe A@Ab OmOpe Ae Mano. Hanpotus naoua-
AM, Da3ACAMOLUEM TOPOA M Adb-[ Mam, CTOMT KpOBaBaa apKa.
 Se
;

cobopa co
CMOPOHb!
Kanbe de
Canma
Mcabenb
 A O
O693aHHOCTb KOTOPOFO BXOAMAO
NPUTOBOPEHHbIX K CMEPT-
OLUI@Ab YEDE3 STY apKy. PAAOM C
OCTOSAbIN ABOP, [Ae, NO npeAa-
A «La Illustre Fregona».
Liam Komepcuo vu OmOpe Ae Mano MOXHO
"4 co 1 EZ > Ww
Ayuntamento). B apxuTeKTyPHbIN @aHCaMOAb STON NAOWAAM
BXOAAT Take CO6Op u EnuicKONCcKun ABOPeLI. 3AaHve Paty
ObIAO CO3AGHO NO 3aka3y NEDBOrO MarMicTPpata ropoAa fomeca
MaHpuke. Crpouteabctso 6biA0 HayaTo B 1575 F. NOA pyKO-
BOACTBOM XyaHa Ae Jppepri. H OH@Y4@ABHOLO 3a-
MbICAG 3AGHNA NODGKTUYECKM HUYErO HE OCTGAOCb: B HAYaAe
i = vT ALI 2uUA > > > —
XVII B. NDOCKT ObIA 3HAYWTEABHO U3MEHEH GPXUTEKTODOM
Xopxe MaHy3Aem IZOTOKONYAM, CbIHOM JAb Ipeko. BalwHy Cc
KaNUTeAaMW, KpbiTbIe Yepenuuen, DaboTb! TEoAopo Ae ApAe-
MAHCa, ObIA AOCTPOeHbI NO3xKe. Co3aaHne Enuckonckoro
ABODU@ BOCXOAMT K XIII B., KOTAa KODOAb AABOOHC VIII NOAa-
DMA apxuennckony XumeHecy Ae Pada HECKOABKO AOMOB, BbI-
XOAALIUX Ha COOOPHYIO NAOWAAb. [O3AHeE™, NOU KAPAMHAAS
MeHAO3e, MEXAY COOOPOM MU ABOPUOM ObiAa NOCTPOeHA CO-
CAMHRIOWAA UX racepes. B XVIII B. KapAMHAaA AOpeHcada
NDE@ANOUHAA COHOBACHME ABOPLIA: NO ero yKa3y ABOPeL| ObIA
MOUYTU NOAHOCTbIO Pa3PYWEH, 2 Ha CFO MECTE NOCTPOEH HO-
BbIN, ABBTOD GOAbWEM YACTM NpOeKTOB KOTOpOrO BeHTypa
Poapurec yMep, Tak 4 He 3aBEPLUMB CBOerO TBOPeHMa. Mop-
TaA, CMOTDSLIMA Ha COGOP, NOCTPOEH B SMOXY KaDAMHAAAa Ae
Tasepa, KCTaTH, ero rep6 yKpalaeT BXOA BO ABOPeL!. OH ObIA
noctpoeH B 1545 r. Kopappy6uacom. Moptaab! craporo
ABOPDLIa CT@AM OAHMM M43 FAGBHBIX AOCTONOUMEYATCABHOCTeU
ropo,a.
Enuckonckui ud Bopeu @acad
CO CMOpoHb! nnowadu
MyxuyunaneHozo CoBema

.
A
WAR
NAIC
WAS)

_
ASEAN)

oe
\
)
Sesser
MARU
eas:
OY
 Fep6 6 cmune 6apoKKo, ykpawarouul CmapuHHeld 2ocnodcKul dom
a Kanbe de Poxac

To Ke OTHOCUTCA K ABOPLIY DySHCAANAA, PACNOAOXKEHHOTO Ha

Maceo A@Ab KOHAe, HEAAACKO OT Le@DKBUM CaHTO TOM3. 3AaHne
NOCTPOHO OKOAO 1440 Fr. AAA ACHA leapo Aonec Ae Anana,
CeHbOpa Ae Dy3SHCanuAa UV ero Cynpyrn DAbBpb! Ae KacTaHbe-
Aa— ee repO yKpawaer dacad ABOPLIa. BOCXUTMTEAbHbI BHYT-
D@HHMM ABOPUK, COYeTAIOLUM FOTHKY VW MyAexap, CAYKUT OPra-
HUBYIOLUM H@4@AOM A@PXVTEKTYPHOFO GHCAMOAA C OOABLUMM
3AGHNEM ABOPLIA. BOOH30Baa CTaTya V3a6embl, cynpyri Kap-
Aa V, HANOMUHAET CEFOAHS O TOM, YTO UMNepaTpUa YMepAa B
3TOM ABODE B 1539 6. ABOpeL, 3aKPbIT AAA NOCELUSHUMN, Tak
KaK B HACTOSLUee BOEMA B HEM HAXOAMTCA DETMOHAAbHOE Npa-
BUTEAbCTBO KatuAuu-Aa Madhya (Junta de Comunidades de
Castilla-La Mancha).
B ropOAe eLUe MHOFO KPaCuBbIxX 3AGHN, AOCTOMHbIX BHVMAHM9.
KOPPaAb AC ACH Aero — OCTATKM ObIBLUCTO ABOPLIA B CTMAe FOTUKIA-
MYAexap, BAAACHNA ACHA Aero Iapcna Ae TOAe@AO, PACNOAOXKEHHO-
ro Ha YAMuUe MaraareHa. ABopel Kopoaa AoHa MeApo, Ha OAHO-
VM@HHOM MAOLUGAM, HUKOFAA HE NOVIHAAA@KGA STOMY KOPOAO. OH
ObIA COOCTBEHHOCTbIO AOHbM Tepecti Ae Aitana 4 DefpoHaHa AAbBa-
peca Ae TOACAO, CEHbODOB A Mirapec, O U2M CBUACTEABCTBYET MX
daMUAbHbI4 rep XIV B. BbIBLUN ABODeL| CeMbi TOAeAO 4 Aivana:
3AGHNe2, B ADXUTKTYPHOM CTIMAe SNOXN XAANATA C NOCUMYLUECTBEH-
HbIM UCMOAB3OBAHEM KAMEHHOM KAGAKI, B 1477 £. ObIAO MEDeABHO
Mapnei Cyapec ae TOAeAO *KEHCKOMY MOHACTbIDIO CaHTa Vicabenb.
CT@PVHHbIA NOCTOMABI ABOP SOMAHAAA, PACTOAOXKEHHbIM Ha KaAbe
Tounepra, copcem 6AvBKO OT cobopa. CTpoeHne OTANYAeTCA Nepe-
XOAHbIM TOTMYECKO-MaBPVITAHCKMM CTMAGM, YKDALUIGHO rep6om Ka-
TOAAYECKUX KODOAeI, B NOABACHNE KOTObIX OHO ObIAO MOCTPORHO,
a TakxKe reo6om Ouannna Il. Mo o6eM CTODOHAM PACNOAOXeHb!
QUITYPbI CTeAKOB CBaTO Te(OMaHA@AbI, BOOPYKEHHbIX aDOAANeTAM.
3ABHNe CAYKAO TIODbMON CEAbCKO NONLIN, KOTOPAA OOecneyn-
Bada O€30NACHOCTb Ha AOPOFAX UU B ACDEBHAX, 1 BLINOAHAAO CBO
HA3HAYEHNE AO KOHLIA XVII B., KOTAa NOAMLIMA ObIAa PACNyLeHa.
TODbMy NEDECTPOWM NOA NOCTOAAIN ABOP, OTKYAa Ce COBPEMCH-
HO@ HA3BAHNe. B HACTOALYSS BOSMA 3ASCb PACNOAOXKEH MyHMLIM-
M@AbHbIIA KYABTYHbIM LIGHT. B 34H COXOAHMMCb HE TOABKO NOP-
Ta, HO KOACMBbIN KECCOHHbI NOTOAOK 3aAa CYAQ, a TAKE 3ACTCH-
KU, MOCAHASHAYEHHbIE AAA 3ACYMbILUACHHMKOB. KOHEYHO, Mbl HE
CMOTIAV OCMOTPETb BCE ADXVITEKTYPHbIe AOCTON|PUMeYATEABHOCTU —
BFOPOAG UX HAMHOFO HOAbLUE: TOA@AO XO@HMT CTOABKO NAMATHMKOB
UMCTOPUYECKKX A@reHA M NOCABHM, YTO VX HEBO3MOXHO NepeyNic-
Mb.
Tae (BENE SI eTea NGI Maa
/
Ajemanb yxpawenua gacada nocmosnozo OGopa «Jpmandad»
 AlGopey /la Kaba u cmamys 2 HAE GA Ahab! = 4
Koponebb! Vzabennel
Kamonuyku, HedaneKo om
moHacmelpa Cax XyaH de noc
Peuec

flopman dBopya Kopona

Afoxa Nedpo — bvibwuti
@amunbHelli OBopey Tonedo
u Adana, nepewedwuu 8
1477 2. Bo Bnadexue
2KEHCKO20 MoHaCMelps CaHma Nee:
wes
Ycabenb na Peanb
BK

S Dre
3
ONG

Meca:
x ts
=Ss)
cS 8 ce
v®=
HOCMEHAbIE
yxpawexua 6
cmune
mydexap
 [nabreili @acad Kaca de nac Kadexac (Joma c Llenamu)
HO B STOMU COCTOMT OCOH0e O4aDOBaHNe ropoAa. O3HAaKOMUB-
LUMCb C ADXUTEKTYPHbIMM NAMSTHVKAMM FOPOAA, BUAHO, YTO AAA
6OAbLUMHCTBA 13 HX XADAKTEDEH NEPEXOAHbIN FOTHYECKO-MaB-
PUTAHCKIIIA CTMAb U YTO OHM ObIA NOCTPOEHbI BO BOeMeHA, KOFAa
TOA@AO GAUICTAA BEAMKOAeMMEM MM ObIA V3BECTEH BO BCEM MDE.
Caasa ropoaa no6aekaa, KorAa B 1562 r. Ouaunn Il nepeBea
CBOeM ABOP B Maapuia. Ho TOAeAO OCTAACA AYXOBHOM CTOANeN
CTP@HbI, U STO NOM@LUAAO, B KAKOU-TO Me@Pe, erO AGAbHEULUIEMY
ynaAaky. BAarOAaOa YCUAMAM TOAGACKUX @OXNENVICKONOB B rODOAe
NOABUAVCb HOBOCTPONKM. HECMOTPS Ha STO, ABOPLIbI NOCTeNeH-
HO OKA3bIBAAMCb B 3ANYCTEHM 1 NEDEXOANMAN B PYKM ACAOBbIX AIO-
Ae, ECAU TOAKO AO 3TOFO HE ObIAM PaspyWeHbI. B TeyeHve
MHOIX BEKOB KU3Hb B FODOAE SABA TEMANAACh, TEM OOAEE, YTO
3GMKHYTOS NOOCTPAHCTBO UCTOPUYECKONM YacTU TOACAO He NO-
3BOAIAO NOCANPUHUIMATb MACLUTAOHbIX FOPOACKMX NOeOOpa30Ba-
HU. BAarOAapsa STHM OOCTOATEABCTBAM CEFOAHA Mb! MOXEM BH-
A@Tb CO@AHEBEKOBBIN TOPOA B @fO NOT MEPBOHAYAABHOM BAe.
Npoaowkum xe nyTewectsne no cTapomy Toaeao! Aga asopua
Heoknaccuyeckuu dbacad doma Ha yauye Can Pomax
3ACAYKUBAIOT HALUerO BHUMAHMa: Kaca Ae Meca v1 Kaca Ae Aac Ka-
A@HAC. Mepsbi ABOPeLL, COZA@HHbIM B XIII B., [ACTMOADXKEH OKOAO
L@OKBU CaH PomaH. MHOrOYMCA@HHbIe AOXUTEKTYPHbIe U3MeHE-
HUA STOFO ABOPLIA HE NOSBOAAIOT YBUACTb CFO NEDBOHAYAABHYIO
CTPyKTYPY. OT Hee COXPAHVAVICb MILUb KD ACHIBBIN 3aA, ACKOPNPO-
B@HHbIi1 AAe@OACTOOBbIMM NAVTAMM B CTUAG MYA@XAP Vl KECCOHHbIM
MOTOAOK C BEAVKOAeNHbIM NepenAeTeHnem y3OpoB. Kaca Ae AAC
KaaeHac, 4YTO Ha yAnue Manckux Ipamor (Calle de las Bulas),
NPSACTABARET COHON KAACCUYECKOE TOASACKO’ COOPYKeHHe. K
TOMY X@, 3TO OAHO 3 HEMHOFMX 3AAHMM CTAPUHHOFO KBaPTAAA,
AOCTYN K KOTODOMY OCTAACA OTHOCUTEAbHO CBOOOAHbIM. B Ha-
crosuee Bpema, ¢ 19756. BHeM OTKDbIT My3@/ COBDEMEHHOTO
UZ0OPA3VITEABHOO VICKYCCTBA. TPSX3STAKHO? 3AaHe AATUPYeTCA
XV B. U OTANUAETCA TUNVYHOM MAAHNOBKON, KOHLIGHTPMIPYIOLeH
NOCTPONKN BOKPYF BHYTP@HHErO ABOPUKA. B HeKOTOPbIX NOME-
LIHMVAX BHCAMOAA COXPAHMAACb HACTEHHAA riNCOBaa OOAMLOBKA
B CTUAG MYAexap, a TAKKE KODOOOBAS KOHCTPYKLIA ACPEBAHHbIX
nepekpbitnn.
 eo
Tonedcxue GaympeHHue OGopuku ykKpaweHel KepamuyecKol naumKou
u mapenkamu c apabcKUM PUCYHKOM
B OOWIEM CAYYae, B HACTOALIES BOCMA AOBOABHO TOYAHO N/pO-
HVKHYTb BHYTOb OOAbLUMHCTB@ CT@PUHHbIX AOMOB, NOTOMY YTO
OHM HaXOAATCA AMOO B YaCTHOM BAGACHUM, AMOO B Pacnops-
KHUN FOCYAA@PCTBEHHbIX YUDeEXACHUM. TEM HE M@HEe, BO
BODeMA NOA3AHMYHbIX MepOoNpKuaTMM TeAa XOncTosBa (Corpus
Christi) ABEOU MHOFMX 3AaHUM OTKPbITbI, a UX BHYTO@HHVe
ABOPUKM CNeUNAAbHO YKPaL@Hb!l NO STOMY CAYYAalo. HO He Ha-
A@UTECb YBMACTb 3ACCb PACLIBEY@HHbIX KDACOUYHbIX BHYTOCH-
HUX ABOPUKOB, Kak B AHA@AYCUM. B TOA@AO BHYTD@HHNe ABO-
PUK NDO3Pa4Hb!, OH NSAHA3HAYeHb! AAI CAMOCO3ePLAHHA
V PasMbILUACHMM.
YAMA Ae Aac ByAac, U3BUAMCTAA VM TEHMCTAA — OAHA 13 CAMbIX
KPACMBbIX B FODOAS. YAMBUT@AbHO, KAKUM NOKOEM VM THLUMHOU
AbILWaT MAACHbKNe YAOYKM CTAPOFO KBAPTAAA, OCOHeHHO, KOIAS
NONaAaeLWb TYAA NOCAS HANOAHEHHbIX TOANAMM TYPUCTOB 60/b-
LUX YAM, C WX Mara3MHaMi VW TOPrOBbIM PAAaMu: YAU, CaHTO
Tom3, A@ CaH XyaH Ae Aa [@HuTeHCua, A@Ab KOMeEPCKO NAM
A@Ab OmOpe Ae Mano. Kako KOHTDACT C STM YAMLIAM CO-
CT@BAAIOT KBAPTAAbI TOPOAA, [AC HE BCTDETNWb A@Ke KOLUKM,
nepeberaiowen Aopory. TMWNHy HaDYWaeT AVLUb 3BOH KOAOKO-
A@ PACNOAOXKEHHON HEBAAACKE LSPKBU. ITM NPUBACKAET K
ce6e CTAUHHbIM KBaDTAA, B KOTOPOM HAXOAMTCS NAOLIAAb CaH-
TO AOMMHFO 3Ab PeaAb UW MOHACTbIDb C TEM Xe HA3BAHNEM.
CyAa NO BbICOKMM CT@HaM 6@3 OKOH, MHOFMe 3AaHMA STOFO
KBAPTAAa 3AHATbI MOHACTbIOCKMMN OpaTcTBaMn. Ha yrAy NAOLIA-
AM BUAHbI ABE MEMOPMAAbHbIe AOCKM, NOCBALEHHbIe NOSTY
AAorboo bekkepy, KOTODbIN Tak AOONA TOAeAO. CoBceM OAN3-
KO OTCIOAA, Ha YAMLIE ByCOHEC B HanpaBACHMn K NAOLWAAM CaH
BuceHTe, HaXOANTCA CObertiZOs, C XaDAKTEPHbIM HaBECOM, Ka-
KX MHOFO B FOPOAe.
 bet

(jem Tae

verre
—

|po
SS

mort.
2 (ae
q 4=.
I ETS
|AmccwaSS
A

Tpu yapyrowux yeonKa

cmapoeo Tonedo: ynuya
Camo Toma, cnyck Aeycmux
Mopemo u ynuua Ianckux
[pamom (de aac bynac)

DKene3HodopoxcHolli GoK3an
BOAbLUMHCTBO HABECOB BbINOAHEHO 13 ACPeBA, YACTO OHM COeAV-
HSIOT ABA AOMA, NOVHAAASXALLIVX CAHOMY BA@ACABLIY. MHTePeCHb!
Ha3BAHMA YAVILI LZ YAOUEK CTaDOrO TOA@AO: B OOAbLUMHCTBE CAYYaeB
OHM CB93AHbI CO CTaDVHHbIMM UCTOPUAMM UV AereHAaMn. YAMLla
Moco Amapro (del Pozo Amargo) — yanula [opbkux KOAOAUeB —
HANOMMHACT O TOPbKON UCTOPUM NDeKOACHON PakeA, KOTOPDAA
OPOCHIAACb B KOAOACLI, B KOTODOM eA NOYYAUAOCb AULIO @e AOOU-
moro, Yanula AAbouiAepntoc (Calle de los Alfileritos) — yauua 3a-
KOAOK NOAYYMAa CBOE HA3BAHNE OT CAOBA LUMMAbKa, 3aKOAKA. B CTa-
PO0e BDEMA BED, YTO ECA ACBYLLUKA 3araAaeT HA LUNMAKE MA
3GKOAKE IMA KEHUXA i NOUHECET ee K NOAHOXKUIO CTAaTyU CBATON
Ae@Bbl, TO Ta NOMOXET OTbICKaTb CYKEHHOLO. FIAOWAAb I IAAAbA
(Plazuela de Padilla) — MaAeHbKaa NAOLAAb MaAVVAbM Ha3BaHa B
YeCTb NOSABOAMTEAA BOCCTAHMA KOMMYH XYaHa TaAavAbii. B Ha3n-
A@HVie ADYTIM NOBCTAHLAM, OH ObIA CO%KKEH NO NpUiKasy Kapaa V,
a FO MOFMAa NOCbINAHA COAIO, YTO6bI «AaKe TOaBa Ha He He
SAS een iniananins
POcAa». HanOoree ADK CAA B APXVITEKTYPHOM OOAVIKE FODOAA
OCT@BACH SNOXOM MABPUTAHCKOFO CTR. MOXKHO YTBEPKAATb, YTO
NPUCTPACTNe K STOMY CTUAIO HE UCHe3AO CO BOEMEHEM, YTO OH
BO3DOKAACTCA B COBDEMEHHbIX NOCTPOMKAX. PeYb UACT O BOK3AA€,
MOCTPORHHOM B 1920 r., KOTOPbIN CKOPee HANOMMHAeT apDaOcKMiA
ABOPELL VM ACKOPATUBHOMY YOPAHCTBY KOTOPOFO He Yy>KAb! APXU-
TEKTYOHbIe V3AMWECTBA: FAa3/DOBAHHAA LIBETHAA MAVITKA, AACOACT|O
UT.n. UTO KACaeTCA CTAPUHHbIX NOCTPOeK, TO CHeAN HX PeAKO
BCTDETMILUb 3AaHNe B ADYTOM, YM MABDVTAHCKM, ADXVITEKTYOHOM
CTMAe. K TAKUM PEAKMM UCKAIOYEHMAM MOXKHO OTHECTM ABOPeL
AOPeHCAAA, HAXOAALUIMMCA PAAOM C NAOLUAAbIO CaH BUCeHTe. Ero
NOCTOOMM B KOHLIe XVIII B. NO 3aKa3y KADAMHaAa AOPeHCada NOA
YHVBEDCMTeTCKNe NOMeLIIGHMS; ABOPeL| AVNyTaCbOH I TOOBMHCbaAb
(Diputacion Provincial), nocTPOeHHbIM B XIX B. Ha MeCTe ObIBLUeTO
*KEHCKOFO MOHACTbIDA Mepcea, PasPYWEHHOrO BO BOeMA PpaH-
UY3CKOM BOMHbI.
 AGopeu Nopexcada, ede
ce200Ha pasmewjaemca
pexmopam Tonedckoe0
yHuGepcumema

AlGopey Aunymaceox
[IpoBuHceanb u dbpaemexmol
CmapuHHOU CmeHbI
Cxum Bupxex denb Banve u
npucmaH co cmopoxel Kaca
denb Auamanmucma. 1 mas,
Go Gpema exce20dHo20
nanomxuyecmba om 3mozo
KpacuGoeo mecma omxodum
Kopabyb, nepeGo3Auux Ha
doyeou bepee Taxo
GBepyrouux, Komopbie 3amem
npoudym dopoeow K cKumy
OH PAaCNOAOXKeH PAAOM CO CMOTPOBOM NAOLUAAKON Mupaaop
[OGHXa, OTKYAA NOCKOACHO BUACH HOBbIN TOACAO. OKUMHYTb TO-
A@AO NPOLWAAbHbIM B3FASAOM AYYWE BCETO C KOAbLI@BOM aBTO-
CTPAAbI, UVCACAATb 3TO HYKHO 3a 3aKATe AHA, NOTOMY UTO Cy-
M@PKV — CAMO BbIVITObILUHOe BOEMA AAA FOPOAA C eFO Pa3HO-
O69a3NeM AOMMIKOB LIBETA OXPbI, KOTOPbIe B AYYAX 3aXOAALUICFO
COAHU@ HAYMHAIOT NeDeAUBaTbCA, OOPasya EAMHYIO KADTUHY. C
ABTOCTOAAbl MOXKHO YBUACTb BECb TOA@AO: FO MOCTbI, TODOAC-
KNe BOPOTA, OFPAXAGIOLWYIO CTEHY, OAWHM... [ODOA NPeKPacHO
BUACH OTOBCIOAY: OT CKUTa BUDXeH A@Ab BaAbe UU OT MOTEAA
Mapaaop HacboHanb KoHAe Oprac. [lo Aopore Ham BCTpeTHT-
CA BOAbLON 3€FOPOAHbIN AOM B OKPYXKXEHUM TONOAeH My, He-
MHOrO A@AbLUC, OAMBKOBASA NABHTALINA. STO CUXAPPAAeC — TU-
MUYHbIe Z3ATOPOAHbIS BAAACHUA TOACACKONM 3HATH, HECMOTPA Ha
TO, YTO HEKOTOPbIe M3 HX NOCTOOCHbI CMABHVTEABHO HEAGBHO
VU CTaAM M@CTOM NOCTOAHHOFO NOOxKUBaHna. Ha3BaHve STUX
BA@A@HUM NOOUCXOAMT OT CAOBa Cigarra — LIVKaAa. AaAeCKO B
HOU Pa3HOCUTCA NO BCEN OKPECTHOCTV CTOEKOTAHNE UINKaA,
YBEKOBEYEHHbIX TCO Ae MOAMHOM B ero NPON3BeAeHM
«Cigarrales de Toledo», MoxeT ObiTb, B OAHOM 13 TAKUX 3arO-
DOAHbIX AOMOB KA 3HAMEHMTbI BOAY UV NUCATeAb MapaHbOH,
UMEHEM KOTOPOFO Ha3BaHO NOMECTbE.
Cuxappanb — mpaduyuoHHolli 3azopodHeil dom G6nu3u Tonedo —
makxce besmamencex, KaK OpeCHaa pumcKaa Gunna
[lpasdHuk Tena Xpucmo6a: KoBep u yKpaweHHaa ynuya
NPAZSAHMKV VW HAPOAHbIE TPAAMLIMM
TOACAUbI, BAOOACHHbIE B IEDKOBHYIO CAYKOY U UCNOAHEHNe
KYAbTa, BCTAa LePEMOHHbI: KOFAA C OAArFOrOBEHNEM CAAT 3a
TOPXECTBEHHOU NOOuUeccnen Tera XOUCTOBA MM KOAa YYACTBYy-
OT B BECEHHUX NAAOMHMYeCKUX NPasAHNKax. CaMbI FAABHbIM
DAUMO3HbI NDAZAHMK, YXOAALLIMI KODHAMM B FAYOOKYIO ADeB-
HOCTb, — 3TO Kopnyc Kpuctnu — Mpa3saHnk Teaa Xpuctosa, KO-
TOPbIM OTMEYAeTCA B KOHLUIS MAS-HAYAAE UIOHS. OH OOBABACH
O6lWeropoackum MeponpuaTneM, CNOCO6CTBYIOLUMM Pa3Bi-
TUIO TYPV3Ma. 3a HEACAIO AO NDA3AHECTBA, TODOA HadMHaeT ro-
TOBUTbCA K Hey: Ha AOMA NO NYT CACAOBAHMA NOOLWECCUN Ha-
BELUBAIOTCA 3ALLATHbIe TEHTbI, GAAKOHbI YKDALWAIOTCA AaraMu
LIBeTaMM, CT@Hb!I AOMOB YKPaLUalOT KOBPaMN, CTHb! TOPOACKO-
[Oo COHOPa NOKDbIBAIOT CTAPUHHbIMM rO6eAeHaMH. Mooueccus
HAUMHACTCA HAKAHYHE NPasAHnka. BNepeAn UAeT LIePKOBHbIN
N|OUBPaTHK C AAMHHbIM LUECTOM, KOTOPbIM OH NPOBEPpseT, AOC-
TATOYHA AM BbICOTa TEHTOB, YTOOb! NOOHECTH NOA HUM Aapo-
HOCHLY. 3a HMM CACAYET TOPXKECTBEHHOS WECTBNS, B KOTODOM
BC@ AOCTOMHO BOCXULI@HUA — AAPOHOCHUa, YYAaCTHUKM NpO-
LECCUN, OACTbIe B HALIAOHAAbHbIe KOCTIOMbI, W A@Ke YAMLUbI,
YCbIN@HHbIe TMVHOM VW PO3MaPUHOM.
B OTAUe OT NDAB3AHMKa TeAa XOUICTOBA, TODKECTBEHHOS LWECTBUS
CrpactHon Heaenn (Ha acxy) NOOXOAMT B TOA@AO He TaK NbILUHO,
HO BNeYATARET CBOM CTPOFOCTbIO. B FOPOAe MHOTO CBATbIX M@CT,
NOUBACKAIOLUYX MAAOMHMKOB. Ho camoe KDynHoe MeponpuaTne
MPOXOAMT 1 Maa, KOFAA TODKECTBEHHOS LUSCTBNE NOOXOAMT AOPO-
FO K CKUTY BAOAb XOAMOB, HeCa U306paxKeHe Boromatepnu Hwrk-
Hei AOMHbI. KOAOKOA LICDKBNM CKMITAa HE NEPECTACT 3BOHMTb B TeYe-
Hue BceM NoOOUeccun. EcTb AaKe NOFOBOPKAa: NOKA HE YCAbILUMLUb
KOAOKOAa C HWKHe AOMMHbI, HE KEHMLUbCA. Koome sTOrO, 15 aBry-
cTa npazaHyetca YcneHve B YeCcTb Boromatepn, CBATOM NOKPOBM-
T@AbHMLUb! FOPOAA. [0 STOMY CAYYAIO B FOPOAR NPOXOAST APMAPKH
HADOAHbIe TASH.
PEMECAA
TOA@AO — OAMH M3 HEMHOFMX FOPOAOB MUpa, [Ae HADOAHbIM
NPOMbICAaM NOMAGH BCEOOLINM xapakTep. [OHYaDHOe Npon3-
BOACTBO, VHKPYCTALINA, KOBKa, BbILUMBAHNe, N3FOTOBAGHME XO-
AOAHOFO OPYXKNA PA3BUTO NOBCEMECTHO. B TeEYeHNe BEKOB FO-
DOA HA PeKE TaXxO Ha3bIBAACA FODOAOM M@CTEPOB, YCBOMBLUX
3HAHUA M YMEHNe Pa3HbIX HAPOAOB, KOTOPbIe KAM B STIX Me@-
CTAX. CAMOe TOAAULIVOHHOE VU V3BECTHOE NOOM3BOACTBO —
STO UZFOTOBAGHNE TOACACKMX KAMHKOB, BEPHES, NOOU3BOA-
CTBO CTAMM, U3 KOTOPOM ACABAM KOFAA-TO ACTEHABPHOE OPy-
KNe VU KOTOPOE, KCTATU, ACAGIOT UV B Hale BOeMaA. BOAbLAA
YaCTb KAMHKOB NDOAETCA B FODOAS NONE3KUM TYPUCTaM.
Bceraa HAXOAATCA NOKYNATEAM KONMM 3HAMEHMTbIX LUNar THCo-
Ha, KoAaaa, Boabana, Caan Vakosa |, SkKcKaAuOyp... Pa6o-
TalOT TAKKE MACTEPCKNE NO U3TOTOBAGHUIO XOAOAHOLO Opy-
KA AAS AMMA PA3HbIX CTOAH MUA. STO NOOV3BOACTBO NPO-
UBETA@AO YKE BO BOEMEHA BECTFOTOB MU ObIAO CHAKEHO TOABKO
C NOABACHNEM OFHECTPeAbHOrO Opyxusa. AAA TOrO YTO6bI HE
YTPATUTb STO NOOUZBOACTBO, B 1761 Fr. NO yKa3y Kapaa III 6bIA
OCHOBAH KOPOAeBCKN OPyKeiMHbI 3aBOA, KOTODBI NOON3-
BOANMA TaKXKE OFHECTPeAbHO’ OPyxKNe. OH ObIA NOCTDORH He-
A@A@KO OT CTapOrO KBapTAaAA, Ha YAMUe HyHbec Ae Apce. V
CEFOAHA, B HEOOALUUX MACTEDCKUX FOPOAa MOXHO YBUACTb
MDOUSCC 3AKAAVIBAHMA CTAAM, VAYLUC HA V3TOTOBACHNe KAMH-
KOB. TakKKe MOXHO YBUACTb DAOOTY UHKPYCTATOPOB, KOTOPbIe
BDe3alOT NO PUCYHKY KYCOYUKN MeTaAAa — OObIYHO Cepebpa
UM 30A0TA — B NOBEPXHOCTb APYFONM hakTyPb! — CTAAM MAN
KeAe3a. UCKYCCTBO UHKPYCTALIUN ObIAO 3aBE3EHO aDAOaMu,
elo yKPaWaAn OPyxNe U AOCNEXU, a TaKXKE PasHble APyrue
NOCAMETbI — OAIOAA, TADSAKM, KEHCKUES YKDALWEHNA, FOPLIKU,
3ACTEXKU UT.A.
Tonedckue KAUHKU: wnaea U demanb yKpaweKusa

TEPCTBOM. OCOGeHHO CAaBSTCA MaCTepa V3 TanaBepbl Ae Aa Pen-
Ha V3 SAb T1y30A0 ACAb Apco6nicno. MHOrMe M3rOTOBACHHbIe
UMM V3ACAMS, HACTOALLINS KEMUYKVHbI MCKYCCTBA KEDAMMKH, BbI
KOM@KLIVIX Da3AVYHbIX My3@e@B MDa. Kepamnka TaAa-
TEY@HNe — KEDAMKA <YHECKE> 1 «TOAOHADMIHGC» C MCNOAb30B8-
HU@M DUCYHKA B BUA AACTOUKMHA XBOCTA M OACAHO-TOAYOOrO
uBeta. K cepeaute XVIII 8B. 3aMeTHO U3MEHEHM™ KEDAMUYECKUX
OPM, NOABACHHE POPMbI «GOAa> V HOBbIX PUCYHKOB OPHAMeH-
id KOTODbIe ObIAM OObEAMHEHD! MOA HA3BHMEM «<TVPABHARC> U1

MOOPEAA UZBECTHOCTb Ye B XVI B. BHauane MacTepa «MaOe@AbOHeC». B HAL BDEMA AAR DACKDALUINBAHUA KEPaMMKU
ACAORAAIA TOA
CACAOBAM AI
TOGAMLIMSM MARNITAUCKOLO MCKYCCTBG,
MGBDUVTGHCKOFO VCKVCCTRA 2AaTEM
3aT@M CTA)
CTGAO MaCT@D@ KCNOAS3Y10T BCIO LIBETOBY1O TaMMY, HO TD@AMLUIMOHHbIM
Da3BUBATbCA MCKYCCTBO UCNGHCKOTO PEHECCaHca. K LIBETaMU OCTAIOTCA KATHI UU LIBET OXDbI, KAK TOACACKAA 3EMAM, 1
KeDpamika XVI—XVII 8B. H Ba€TCA TOVKOAOD, TaK Ka roayOonw — uBeTa He6a. Aaa KeDaMIKM,, V3TOTOBACHHOM MaCcTepa-
PENALTIES ATTRA ESRS
GLUVBAHNA YNOTDEOARIO ICA TOU
pU MM Ab My30A0 A@Ab ADCOONMICNO, XADSKTEPHb! 3CACHbIe TOHA V1
A DUCYHOK CO CLICHAGMM OXOTBI.
 Cpedu KoxOumepckux u3denul, nonynspHbix B Tonedo, massepain —
3mo pasHoGudHocms GocmoyHblx cnadocmedl

OMAeT pistou de la Mancha, Pa3MOYeHHbI BM

TACTPOHOMMA DeHHbI xxeO migas, cyn NO-Ka@CTUAbCKM
gaspachotoledanas, Ha aeccept noAaioT
leorpaduyeckoe NOAOXKEHNE TOACAO, DACNOAOXEHHOLO M@- massepain, KOTOPbIN €AAT HE TOAbKO Ha Host
Ay Crapon Kactuanen, ScTpemaaypon u Aa Manyem, onpe,e- Apyrum Cayyaso, toledanas uv neyeHbe Cabello
AKET DasHOOOPazne VU GOraTcTBO ero KyXHM. Kak 1B ADYyIMx UC- AMLUMOHHbIE CAGAOCTN AONOAHCHbI TAKE GITOPES,
KYCCTBaX STOO PerMOHa, B KYAAHAPHOM UyBCTBYeTCA BAMAHe 3HAMEHMTBIMM NOHUMKaMM Yepes, Bars
BKYCOB MM MOVBBINeK Pa3HbIX HAPOAOB, HACEAABLLINX FO. TOACAC- HOOOpa3HbIM KOHAMTEDCKMMM M3AeAnamn. He cAeayeT npe-
Kas KYXHA MCNOAb3YeT, BOCHOBHOM, OXOTHMYbN TDOdeU: KyPO- HeOperalb CbIDaMU, CDEAM KOTOPbIX TakKHe COPTa, KaK
atk, PAOUNKU, 3a9YbE MACO COCTABASIOT OCHOBY NEUTOTOBAE-
HUa OAIDA. 3HAYUTEADHOS MECTO B MECTHOM KYXHE 3AHUMAIOT SES
MaKe
TAKACOPTa
AIGLIIAS
CbiIPa YAN
6A‘OAa 13 KPYNHOM ANU, Hanpumep, Carcamusas — pary v3 TeyeHne roaa v Gonbwe (ane
MACA OACHA. OYeHb CNELINDUYHbIE MECTHbIe OAIOAa — STO LIyKa ACPXaHHbIe, KaK MW MX
i N n
NON)
nm
OcTb. B
R
npos
Qa
A
NOA MAPUHAAOM VM KaPKOE 113 OApALUKA MAM MOAOYHOFO NOpPO- MeCTa BbIDaboTKN BMH: Mentrida u La Mancha, rAe, 8 OCHOB-
C@HKa. CD@Av 3aKYCOK Ul XOAOAHbIX OAIOA HYXKHO YNOMSHYTb HOM, CKOHUCHTPUPOBAHO NPOW3BOACTBO BUH
OI[AABAEHME
APEAVICAOBME: ACTOPVIYECKMN OUYEPK VM PASBITE MY3EV CAHTA KPYC
FOPOAA TOAEAO 2 FOCTMUTAAb TABEPA Vi MY3EM DOHA TEPLIOIA
BACTUIOH HA PEKE TAXO: 3AMKM, TOPOACKME CTEHbI, AE AEPMA
BOPOTA MU MOCTbITOAEAO AAbKACAP
COBOP 18 YMUbI MV NAOLUAAN CTAPOIO TOAEAO
EBPEMCKM KBAPTAA B TOAEAO 36 MPA3AHNKN MV HAPOAHBIE TPAAVLIVI
MOHACTbIPb CAH XYAH AE AOC PEVIEC 38 PEMECAA
LIEPKOBb CAH POMAH MM MY3EV/ LIEPKOBHbIX [ACTPOHOMMS
COBOPOB NM BECTFOTCKOIO MICKYCCTBA 44
APYIME XPAMbI TOAEAO
46 SATAAOL3AATEABCTBA
3INbIPEKO B TOAEAO 58 KAPTA TOAEAO

EDITORIAL ESCUDO DE ORO, S.A.

1.S.B.N. 84-378-2050-2
Printed by FISA - Escudo de Oro, S.A.
Dep. Legal B. 29911-1998
Co6panne BCA EBPONA Co6pannve BCA UCNAHMA
1 BECb MAAPMIA,
1
AHAOPPA 2 BCA BAPCEAOHA
2
AMCCABOH 3 BCA CEBMAbA
3
AOHAOH 4 BCA MAIOPKA
4
BPIOITE 5 BCA KOCTA BPABO
5
NAPAK 6 BCA MAAATA V Kocta AeAb CoA
6
BCEKHSKECTBO MOHAKO: 7 BCE KAHAPCKME OCTPOBA, lak KaHapiia, AaH3apor
7
BCABEHA 8 BCA KOPAOBA
8
HVULA 9 BCA TPAHAAA
9
KAHHbI 10 BCA BAAEHCUA
10PO3W\bOH 11 BECb TOAEAO,
11BEPAYH 12 BECb CAHTbATO.
12AOHAOHCKUTAYSP 13 BCA VIBMLIA VW DOPMEHTEPA
13AHTBEPNEH 14 BECb KAAMIC 1 KOCTA AE AA AYU
14BECTMMHCTEPCKOE ABBATCTBO 15 BECb MOHTCEPPAT
15VICMAHCKAS LUKOAA BEPXOBOM E3AbI B BEHE 16 BECb CAHTAHAEP Us KAHTABPUA
16DATUMA 17 BCE KAHAPCKME OCTPOBA, TeHepnide, Aa Nana, fomepo, Eppo
17BUHA3OP 18 BCA CAMOPPA
18OMAAbHOE NOBEPEXKbE 19 BCA NAAEHLUNA
19AA3YPHbIVA BEPEL 20) BECb BYPIOC, Kopappy6nac nu CaHto AommHro
2 ABCTPMA 21 BECb AAMKAHTE Vi KOCTA BAAHKA
21AYBP BCA HABAPA
BPIOCCEAb BCA AEPMAA Vi NIMPEHEN
ABOPELI LUEHBPYHH BCA CETOBMA
MAPLUPYTbI BHA «MOPTO» BCA CAPAFOCCA,
KMNP BCA CAAAMAHKA
ABOPEL| XOOBYPI BCA ABVN\A
SAb3AL BCA MAHOPKA
POAOC BECb CAH-CEBACTbAH Vi MNTYCKYA
BEPMMH BECb ACTYPVAC
KOPOY BCA AA KOPYHbaA Vs PUAC AABTAC
MAABTA BCA TAPPAT OHA
NEPTVHbAH BCA MYPCMA
CTPACCBYPL BECb BAADAAOMA,
MAAEVPA BCA KUPOHA
CAPAMHMA VsKOPCVIKA BCA YECKA
KAPKACCOH BECb XA3H
BYERKLBBSSSESRBYRRRSB
ABVYHbOH BCA AAbMEPM)
BECb KACTEAbOH VU KOCTA AEA A3AXAP
Co6pakne MCKYCCTBO B MCNAHMU BCA KYSHKA
1° ABOPEL|KATAAOHCKON MY3bIKV, BECb MMOH
PAYA BCA NOHTEBEAPA,
MY3EV MPAAO |(VicnaHckaa *x/B0nvCb) BCA POHAA
MY3EV NPAAO II(Bapy6exHaa xKBONVICb) BCA COPA
MOHACTbIPb FBAAEAYTbl BCA YSAbBA
KCABbEPCKMI 3AMOK BCA SKCTPEMAAYPA
CEBVAbCKM MY3EV U3OBPA3VI TEABHOIO VICKYCCTBA BCA AHAAAY3NA
VICNAHCKME 3AMKM\ BCATAMMCMA
VCNAHCKME COBOPb! BCA KATAAOHMA
COBOP.KVPOHb! BCA AA PYOXA
BOAbLLIOU TEATP ACEO B BAPCEAOHE BECbAYTO
SeshAA PVUOXA: APAFOLIEHHbIE NPOVUZBEAEHNA VCKYCCTBA,
WOOD
AWAN
EWP SBA2SSSARHFRSESSSSVBYRRKRGBASYSSBVRR
BCA MOPEAbA
VY PECYPCbl BAHOAEAMA
14. MY3EWMVKACCO Co6panne BCA AMEPHKA
15 PEAAEC AAKA3APEC (Koponesckun Asopeu Cesrbi) 1 MYSPTO-PUKO,
16 KOPOAEBCKM ABOPEL! BMAAPVAE Q CAHTO-AOMHIO
17 KOPOAEBCKVIA MOHACTbIPb B 3Ab-SCKOPVAAb 3 KBEBEK
18 KATAAOHCKME BHA 4 KOCTA-PUKA
19 AAbIAMBPA VI XEHEPAAAND
9 fPAHAAAM AAbIAMBPA (apaOckne m MaBPKTaHCKNe Co6panne BCA ADPUKA
MOHYM@HTbI KopAOObI, CeBMAbH Mi [>aHaAb!) 1 MAPOKKO
91 KOPOAEBCKOE MOMECTbE B APAHXY3C 9 tOf MAPOKKO
9 KOPOAEBCKOE MOMECTbE B SAb-MAPAO. 3 TYHVC
$3 KOPOAEBCKVE AOMA 4 PYAHAA
% KOPOAEBCKU ABOPEL| BCAH-VAEABDOH30
 2 é
«a Nacional
Valledel “1 = Parador
'| ~
“Virgen “ E tire
Ermita oa = ie Tee
y TAN Baasta as =
AS, Se
an is, AH
5 :
% Say. Adabaquin
5
CasaldRely
al pucritde = =
a/del STA.
: CATALINA DE
Basal & Sebastian
eee
|
5 = é| af
z i e2 iano :
; eo : A 4
A i ojfan &
8 \) S oO"
' =, q
1%) % aa CATALINA
aes lar Ome Bact CIPRIANO
Nv x
ey | é Ua ay, ¢ =
wy a he a “BS Gilitos:
6
: Be 2) <
(2 ox 5 3 Andrés EB Gil Sande 4
5 P&, paseo z fe) Si G
ae CEA Sy an Ish R2IN\ S ‘Convento
& ) ay. Pedro »S :
4 — ‘ By ;
ee Don Rey©. w 5 8
Ss
$ 7 I
SS 7A 9 ELCALVARIO,
2 18y Peniteric
la ia
de 3 oth& Sabah
neSanta f
9S g
2g de
Juane San z | de Eonyents. "TO
S) i
Convento Justo be& hUMiLLo
teaDes2 :| Van Va _
4g i transit
Oak e Weir '
& j San inagoga
: 3 % ‘\FuensalidaGreco FY
&# JUSTODES.TA. 5 mh, ny MA Macho.
ee Sea /$ cous
eu ? de Palacio
| del| Casa Os *
& i Mieterio
Museo
fe CAND
LAELAR
s.JUSTO
| $) < a Santa °%, Morodel CONDE
;
Optoo 2 aw Cudap Q> %, on ;
: IA : Taller LD on
? YG ’
JUDERI MartinSan
Altoél Salvador
El a Mariaja’Blanca
Sarge de Puente y:
SEC Ree
Miguel
an a Tom de Sinagoga
_ akegx
Hermand
S ,
“la ad Marcos
San Tone
| fies: Santo a 0
- “=
MO Oficios
y Artes
dé Posada
F Arzobispal ios
psa ANGEL ate & Pa
Doce-Cantos & t aos
3 ed Contempordneo)
rea de Puerta ag S 6) Arte (Museo.de
« Cadena
las sy Casade
i a
Z <3
fa) ef
z Sea
au i DEL MARIANA
PL.P yy; %:
ood ie Gs Alp Juai Sani S)US Cava
la
396 Key Alcazar
E} DiegoDon Torneria
— Ss % Ss 4 de
WCoraie&e de <“MezquiOye,
ta* 2 Graciade-la MART
| IN
“SAN & Bajio
| eA = Clemengg
San
%p MAGDALE&NA Virgen Cerro fay
Nt 4p, ALFERECES DELA—
Pk.
Calzadas
<4 Idefonso ErventG
e 2g
& Agustinaslas San =
< SS GAVALA.
rm : & ; Doncellas & oo
de Convento Mesa:
de Casa ;
| + CERVANTES” 3" 4 Yde Colegio Cann
As aes
Romano| GONCED Zoeodover Be ee % Yan
Agueduc
iy\ , RONto 3
Oo 2, de Plaza a NOR. ca del Puerta%°
= Me CONDEte %, ae 4
} \ Lore DEVESUS sa, ;
‘Alcantara Be ALFILERI
& TOSgan
s Ten
1. e Abades
los
: de Puente
. LASILLERI
— A eaeneh Palacio’& Q a -Leocadia'
|
ntara = PBricoSanta PE de Torre6n
;
BahnSs SG csds._ Izas ’ }
ele
\ iy Sa SANTA
7 { ‘ a be5g Qs. Clara Santa‘» de Carmelitas
NeedPLIBE
les ri
Convento:de }
Servand
San
_ o xs - de. ‘Convento ‘BUZONES. A 1
de Castillo \ Luz dela>, ‘CON e ” J
\ palceni
al c =
5 &/ Cristo
del Walreracn ps) ,
px
aCe Mezquita
2ea de Puerta Realel -
SES \@)
= - Domingo
Santo Provincial Ze
AS : 2
carreraas - Alarcone
8 OOs ae
1B deA -Cohvento Diputaci
la én
oewe
=
<> Puerta
90S~—
gs me DE =9S
Zz at ©
Roa a <=Ae j
& :
Arrabal
lel
ALFARES
— antiago
ANTEQUERUELA ee <a &
PL)DE,LO
\ LA)S PL-DE Bisa
de OUADICTE ge &
r y
ANTE
LA QUERwren
VELA Alto Pustiade : cANONIGop.vELOS
s # oS
DI . A 9
GAY" om ale | RECONQUIS' =
ee prove, nso" Pia SOF GLOn
¥ ee Nueva Puerta
&Z
(
Azarquiel R\e
de Puente ©
9 @ ESCOLAR
ry 9 CAMPO.
LLANORIO is ey
3 Ls 4 ‘ & SAMs; Si}
PERALA oe
ARCO
SY Tay pul> Romano,
Circo
— z _ESPIN = pci G e :
: _| AUTOBUSES seg KJ | p c “
del {Ruins AO,
. f 6
. 4 ESTACION agtOND
HUE A Covac
Bi
COVALAS
CHUE LAS
CORETERS ‘a x
Sy) y Ay Ko ‘ onA
scn BeFo
‘
ls : a=
¢ ‘ j g - ‘A Y Se) UYU ¥ a
 ||
ij
ISBN 84- -2
378-2050
TO
o8-BFO-45

9 "788437° 820507