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Síntesis (José Arturo Romero Hernández)
Síntesis (José Arturo Romero Hernández)
Chapter 4 focuses primarily on the translation process that many translators follow.
Vinay and Darbelnet's model are the classic and the one with the greatest impact.
They divide translation strategies into direct and oblique translation. In the direct
one is the borrowing, the calque, and the literal translation. In the Oblique
translation are transposition, modulation, equivalence, and adaptation. Catford
differentiates two levels of variation. The variation of level and category. Level one
is basically that one language focuses on grammar and the other on the lexicon.
On the other hand, the category system is divided into four types: structural
(grammatical structure), class (from one grammatical category to another), unit (the
equivalence is different in group or sentence), intra-system (different system).
Seleskovitch and Lederer mention the interpretive model divided into three stages:
Reading and understanding, deverbalization, and re-expression, and a fourth
called verification.
In Chapter 5, Reiss lists the main characteristics of each type of text: plain
communication of facts (informative text type), creative composition (expressive
text type), inducing behavioral responses (operative text type), and automedial
texts. (Does not have a text type). According to her, each type of text in the target
language must convey certain contents of the source text. It is also discussed in
what situations each type of text can be used since not all of them apply for the
same. Next, she encompasses translational action, which focuses primarily on
producing a text in the target language that is functionally communicative for the
reader. Skopos's theory is based on the purpose of a translation that determines
the translation techniques and strategies that will be used to result in the
translation.