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Contenido:
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- Trigonometría
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1) Definir datos
Multiplicar
𝑥2 −5𝑥 +6
𝑥 −2 → −2𝑥
𝑥 −3 → −3𝑥
𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6 = 0 → (𝑥 − 2) ∗ (𝑥 − 3) = 0
(𝑥 − 2) = 0 ; (𝑥 − 3) = 0
𝑥−2=0 ; 𝑥−3=0
𝑥1 = +2 ; 𝑥2 = +3
Comprobacion:
𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6 = 0
22 − 5 ∗ (2) + 6 = 0
+4 − 10 + 6 = 0
3𝑥 2 −5𝑥 −12
3𝑥 +4 → +4𝑥
𝑥 −3 → −9𝑥
3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 12 = 0 → (3𝑥 + 4) ∗ (𝑥 − 3) = 0
(3𝑥 + 4) = 0 ; (𝑥 − 3) = 0
3𝑥 = −4 ; 𝑥 = +3
4
𝑥=− ; 𝑥 = +3
3
E-1. Factorizar: 𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 + 6 = 0
𝑥3 𝑥2 𝑥 _
||| 1 0 −7 +6
1 1 1 −6
||| 1 1 −6
2 2 +6
||| 1 +3
−3 −3
||| 1 ||| |||
𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 + 6 = 0 → (𝑥 + 1) ∗ (𝑥 + 2) ∗ (𝑥 − 3) = 0
(𝑥 + 1) = 0 ; (𝑥 + 2) = 0 ; (𝑥 − 3) = 0
𝑥1 = −1 ; 𝑥2 = −2 ; 𝑥3 = −3
Forma Solución (Raíces)
Ecuación de 1° grado
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 = 0 1 solución 𝑥=𝑑
(Lineal)
Ecuación de 2° grado 𝑥1 = 𝑒
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 2 soluciones
(Cuadrática) 𝑥2 = 𝑚
3) RTS
- Ecuaciones de 1r grado (Lineales)
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 = 0
+3(𝑥 − 8) + 6(2 − 𝑥) − (𝑥 − 2) = 𝑥
3x − 24 + 12 − 6x − 𝑥 + 2 = 𝑥
−3x − x + 14 − 24 = 𝑥
−4x − 10 = 𝑥
−10 = 𝑥 + 4𝑥
−10 = 5𝑥
10
− =𝑥
5
−2 = 𝑥
4𝑥 + 6 = 6 + 𝑥
4𝑥 − 𝑥 = 6 − 6
3𝑥 = 0
0
𝑥=
3
𝑥=0
𝑥−1 𝑥−3
E-3. Hallar el valor de “x”: − = −1
6 2
𝑥−1 𝑥−3
− = −1
6 2
1 ∗ (𝑥 − 1) − 3 ∗ (𝑥 − 3)
= −1
6
1 ∗ (𝑥 − 1) − 3 ∗ (𝑥 − 3) = −1 ∗ 6
+1𝑥 − 1 − 3𝑥 + 9 = −6
−2𝑥 + 8 = −6
−2𝑥 = −6 − 8
−2𝑥 = −14
−14
𝑥=
−2
𝑥 = +7
3
E-4. Hallar el valor de “x”: (2𝑥 + 4) = 𝑥 + 20
2
3 ∗ (2𝑥 + 4)
= 𝑥 + 20
2
3 ∗ (2𝑥 + 4) = 2 ∗ (𝑥 + 20)
6𝑥 + 12 = 2𝑥 + 40
6𝑥 − 2𝑥 = +40 − 12
4𝑥 = 28
28
𝑥=
4
𝑥=7
𝐸𝑗𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑜 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜: 5𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 3 // ∗ 3
15x + 6y = 9
4𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 8
{
3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2 // ∗ 2
4𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 8
{
2∗ (3𝑥 + 𝑦) = 2 ∗ 2 // ∗ 2
4𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 8 … (1)
{
6x + 2y = 4 … (2)
(1) + (2)
4𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 6x + 2y = 8 + 4
4𝑥 + 6x = 12
10x = 12
12/2 6
x= =
10/2 5
6
x= → 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎 1
5
4𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 8 … (1)
3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2 … (2)
𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑗𝑎𝑟 "𝑦" 𝑑𝑒 (2):
3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2
𝑦 = 2 − 3x
6
𝑦 = 2−3∗
5
3∗6
𝑦 = 2−
5
18
𝑦 =2−
5
10 − 18 −8 8
𝑦= = → 𝑦 = − → 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎 2
5 5 5
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 4 + (−1)
𝑥 + 2𝑥 = 4 − 1
3𝑥 = 3
3
𝑥=
3
𝑥=1
𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑛 (1):
𝑥+𝑦 = 4
1+𝑦 =4
𝑦 =4−1
𝑦=3
Discriminante
Formula General
Solución=Raíces
𝑥1 , 𝑥2
Va a cumplir que:
𝑏
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 = −
𝑎
𝑐
𝑥1 ∗ 𝑥2 =
𝑎
Este tipo de procedimiento se utiliza cuando el ejercicio use estas palabras:
Ejemplo:
𝑏
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 = −
𝑎
𝑐
𝑥1 ∗ 𝑥2 =
𝑎
5𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2 = 0
𝑎=5 , 𝑏 = −3 , 𝑐 = 2
E-2. Hallar el valor de “m”, si se conoce que la ecuación tiene únicas soluciones:
3𝑥 2 + 𝑚𝑥 + 7 = 0
Datos: 𝑎 = 3 , 𝑏 = 𝑚 , 𝑐 = +7
i) Camino 1
E-2. Determinar el valor de “m” para que la diferencia de raíces de la ecuación sea igual a la
unidad:
5𝑥 2 − 𝑚𝑥 + 1 = 0
𝐷𝐴𝑇𝑂𝑆:
𝑚 =? , 𝑥1 − 𝑥2 = 1
𝑎 = 5 , 𝑏 = −𝑚 , 𝑐 = 1
𝑏
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 = −
𝑎
𝑐
𝑥1 ∗ 𝑥2 =
𝑎
−𝑚 𝑚
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 = − → 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 =
5 5
1
𝑥1 ∗ 𝑥2 =
5
En síntesis:
𝑥1 − 𝑥2 = 1 … (1)
𝑚
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 = … (2)
5
1
𝑥1 ∗ 𝑥2 = … (3)
5
Proceder:
−5 + 3 ∗ √5 10 − 5 + 3 ∗ √5
𝑥1 = 1 + =
10 10
5 + 3√5
𝑥1 =
10
Resumen:
−5 + 3√5
𝑥2 =
10
5 + 3√5
𝑥1 =
10
𝑚
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒: 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 = … (2)
5
5 + 3√5 −5 + 3√5 𝑚
+ =
10 10 5
5 + 3√5 + (−5 + 3√5) 𝑚
=
10 5
5 + 3√5 − 5 + 3√5 𝑚
=
10 5
+ 3√5 + 3√5 𝑚
=
10 5
+2( 3√5) 𝑚
=
10 5
+2 ∗ 3 ∗ √5 𝑚
=
10 5
+6√5 𝑚
=
10 5
+5 ∗ 6√5
=𝑚
10
+30√5
=𝑚
10
3√5 = 𝑚
2𝑥 2 − 2𝑚𝑥 + 7𝑚 − 40 = 0
𝑎=2 , 𝑏 = −2𝑚 , 𝑐 = 7𝑚 − 40
𝐷𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑠:
1 𝑥2
𝑥1 = − (𝑥2 ) → 𝑥1 = − 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛
3 3
𝑏 −2𝑚 2𝑚
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 = − =− → 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 = → 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 = 𝑚
𝑎 2 2
𝑐 7𝑚 − 40 7𝑚 − 40
𝑥1 ∗ 𝑥2 = = → 𝑥1 ∗ 𝑥2 =
𝑎 2 2
Resumen:
𝑥2
𝑥1 = − (1)
3
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 = 𝑚 (2)
7𝑚 − 40
𝑥1 ∗ 𝑥2 = (3)
2
𝑥2 1
(1)𝑒𝑛(2) : − + 𝑥2 = 𝑚 → 𝑥2 ∗ (− + 1) = 𝑚
3 3
1 2 3
𝑥2 ∗ (1 − ) = 𝑚 → 𝑥2 ∗ ( ) = 𝑚 → 𝑥2 = 𝑚
3 3 2
𝑥2 7𝑚 − 40 𝑥2 2 7𝑚 − 40
(1)𝑒𝑛(3) : − ∗ 𝑥2 = → − =
3 2 3 2
2
2
3
→ −2𝑥2 = 3(7𝑚 − 40) → −2 ∗ ( 𝑚) = 21𝑚 − 120
2
32 ∗ 𝑚2 9𝑚2
−2 ∗ = 21𝑚 − 120 → −2 ∗ = 21𝑚 − 120
22 4
9𝑚2
→ − = 21𝑚 − 120 → −9𝑚2 = 2 ∗ (21𝑚 − 120)
2
−9𝑚2 = 42𝑚 − 240 → 0 = 9𝑚2 + 42𝑚 − 240
1
0 = 9𝑚2 + 42𝑚 − 240 // ∗
3
0 9 2 42 240
= 𝑚 + 𝑚−
3 3 3 3
0 = 3 𝑚2 + 14 𝑚 − 80
3𝑚 −10 = −10𝑚
1𝑚 8 = 24𝑚
(3𝑚 − 10) ∗ (𝑚 + 8) = 0
3𝑚 − 10 = 0 ; 𝑚 + 8 = 0
3𝑚 = 10 ; 𝑚 = −8
10
𝑚= ; 𝑚 = −8
3
𝑚𝑥 2 − 2𝑚𝑥 + 𝑚 = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 5
𝑚𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 − 2𝑚𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 𝑚 − 5 = 0
𝑥 2 ∗ (𝑚 − 1) + 𝑥 ∗ (−2𝑚 − 3) + 𝑚 − 5 = 0
𝑎 = 𝑚 − 1 ; 𝑏 = −2𝑚 − 3 ; 𝑐 = 𝑚 − 5
𝑏 −2𝑚 − 3 −2𝑚 − 3
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 = − =− → 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 =
𝑎 𝑚−1 𝑚−1
𝑐 𝑚−5 𝑚−5
𝑥1 ∗ 𝑥2 = = → 𝑥1 ∗ 𝑥2 =
𝑎 𝑚−1 𝑚−1
1
𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑥1 = −
𝑥2
1 −2𝑚 − 3
𝑆𝑖 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎 𝑒𝑛 (1) : − + 𝑥2 =
𝑥2 𝑚−1
1 𝑚−5 𝑥2 𝑚 − 5
𝑆𝑖 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎 𝑒𝑛 (2) : − ∗ 𝑥2 = → − =
𝑥2 𝑚−1 𝑥2 𝑚 − 1
𝑚−5
→ −1 =
𝑚−1
Método 517-715 (A D I): Este método sirve para los siguientes tipos de ecuaciones
i) Caso 1:
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑦 = 133
𝑥 + 𝑦 + √𝑥𝑦 = 19
(𝑥 + 𝑦)2 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑦 = 133
𝑥 + 𝑦 + √𝑥𝑦 = 19
(𝑥 + 𝑦)2 − 𝑥𝑦 = 133
(𝑥 + 𝑦) + √𝑥𝑦 = 19
2
Realizamos el C.V. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑚 , √𝑥𝑦 = 𝑝 , √𝑥𝑦 = 𝑝 2
𝑥𝑦 = 𝑝 2
1
3
Por exponentes: √9 = 93
𝑚2 − 𝑝 2 = 133
𝑚 + 𝑝 = 19
i) Caso 2:
3𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = 9
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = −3
Solucion : C.V. 𝑦 = 𝒎𝑥
3𝑥 2 + 𝑥 ∗ 𝑚 ∗ 𝑥 + (𝑚 ∗ 𝑥)2 = 9
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 ∗ 𝑚 ∗ 𝑥 + (𝑚 ∗ 𝑥)2 = −3
3𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 ∗ 𝑚 + 𝑚2 𝑥 2 = 9
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 2 ∗ 𝑚 + 𝑚2 𝑥 2 = −3
𝑥 2 ∗ (1 − 4𝑚 + 𝑚2 ) = −3
𝑥 2 ∗(2+𝑚+𝑚2 ) 9
= −3
𝑥 2 ∗(1−4𝑚+𝑚2 )
(2 + 𝑚 + 𝑚2 )
= −3
(1 − 4𝑚 + 𝑚2 )
−4𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 = −12 + 14
−2𝑦 + 3𝑦 = 2
+1𝑦 = 2
𝑦=2
Reemplazar el valor de “y” en (1):
2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 6
2𝑥 + 2 = 6
2𝑥 = 6 − 2
2𝑥 = 4
4
𝑥=
2
𝑥=2
6 ∗ (2𝑥 − 1) 6 ∗ (𝑦 − 3) 6 ∗ 11
+ =
2 3 6
5 ∗ 2𝑥 5 ∗ (𝑦 − 1) 5∗6
− + =−
5 5 5
3 ∗ (2𝑥 − 1) + 2 ∗ (𝑦 − 3) = 1 ∗ 11
−2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1 = −6
6𝑥 − 3 + 2𝑦 − 6 = 11
−2𝑥 + 𝑦 = −6 + 1
6𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 9 = 11
−2𝑥 + 𝑦 = −5
6𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 20
−2𝑥 + 𝑦 = −5
6𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 20
−2𝑥 + 1𝑦 = −5 ∗ (−2)
6𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 20
6𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 20
4𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 10
Sumamos (1)+(2):
6𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 20 + 10
6𝑥 + 4𝑥 = 30
10𝑥 = 30
−2𝑥 + 𝑦 = −5
−2 ∗ (3) + 𝑦 = −5
−6 + 𝑦 = −5
𝑦 = −5 + 6
𝑦=1
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 68
{
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10
(𝑥 + 𝑦)2 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 = 68
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10
(𝑥 + 𝑦)2 − 2𝑥𝑦 = 68
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10
Realizar un C.V.: (x+y)=m , xy=p
(𝑚)2 − 2𝑝 = 68
𝑚 = 10
𝑚 = 10 , 𝑝 = 16
Retornar al C.V.:
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10
𝑥𝑦 = 16
𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 2 = 6
{ 3
𝑥 + 𝑦3 = 9
Solucion:
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑦 = 133
{
𝑥 + 𝑦 + √𝑥𝑦 = 19
3𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = 9
{
𝑥 2 + 4𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = −3
(𝑥 + 𝑦)2 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2
Cuando los términos cuadráticos tienen coeficientes diferentes a 1, o cuando son negativos
C.V. : y=mx
𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥𝑧 − 𝑥 = 2
{𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧 − 𝑦 = 4
𝑧 2 + 𝑥𝑧 + 𝑦𝑧 − 𝑧 = 6
Recordar los productos notables:
(𝑥 ± 𝑦)2 = 𝑥 2 ± 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2
(𝑥 ± 𝑦)3 = 𝑥 3 ± 3𝑥 2 𝑦 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 ± 𝑦 3
Solucion (1)+(2)+(3):
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 + 2 𝑥𝑦 + 2 𝑥𝑧 + 2 𝑦𝑧 − 𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 2 + 4 + 6
(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)2 − 𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 2 + 4 + 6
(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)2 − (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧) = 12
Realizar el C.V.: 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 𝑚
(𝑚)2 − (𝑚) = 12
𝑚2 − 𝑚 − 12 = 0
(𝑚 − 4) ∗ (𝑚 + 3) = 0
𝑚−4=0 𝑚+3 =0
𝑚=4 𝑚 = −3
𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥𝑧 − 𝑥 = 2
{𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧 − 𝑦 = 4
𝑧 2 + 𝑥𝑧 + 𝑦𝑧 − 𝑧 = 6
𝑥(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 − 1) = 2
𝑦(𝑦 + 𝑥 + 𝑧 − 1) = 4
𝑧(𝑧 + 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1) = 6
𝑥(4 − 1) = 2
𝑦(4 − 1) = 4
𝑧(4 − 1) = 6
𝑥(3) = 2
𝑦(3) = 4
𝑧(3) = 6
2
𝑥=
3
4
𝑦=
3
6
𝑧= =3
2
𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑎 = 1
𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑃𝑥 = 𝑥 ∗ 𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑃
1
𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑥 𝑃 = ∗ 𝐿𝑜𝑔 𝑃
𝑥 𝑎
𝑀
𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑎 ( ) = 𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑀 − 𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑃
𝑃
𝑎𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑁 = 𝑁 𝑁𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑎 = 𝑁1 = 𝑁
𝑎𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑁 = 𝑁𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑎
𝑛
𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑃
𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑎 √𝑃 =
𝑛
𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑃 = 𝑎𝑃
𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑃 = −𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑃
log10 𝑎 = log 𝑎
log 𝑒 𝑎 = ln 𝑎
𝑒𝐿𝑛 𝑎 = 𝑎
log 𝑥 = 2
log10 𝑥 = 2
102 = 𝑥
10 ∗ 10 = 𝑥
100 = 𝑥
𝑥 ∗ (𝑥 + 3) = (𝑥 + 1)2
𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1
𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 1 = 0
𝑥−1 =0
𝑥 = +1
(𝑥 + 3) ∗ 22 = 3𝑥 − 1
(𝑥 + 3) ∗ 4 = 3𝑥 − 1
4𝑥 + 12 = 3𝑥 − 1
4𝑥 − 3𝑥 = −1 − 12
𝑥 = −13
log(2𝑥 2 + 1)
=2
log(𝑥 + 1)
Solución:
log(2𝑥 2 + 1) = 2 log(𝑥 + 1)
2𝑥 2 + 1 = (𝑥 + 1)2
2𝑥 2 + 1 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1
2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 − 1 = 0
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 = 0
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 = 0
𝑥 ∗ (𝑥 − 2) = 0
𝑥=0 , 𝑥−2=0
𝑥=0 , 𝑥=2
𝐷𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒 x: 2𝑥 = 64
2𝑥 = 64 /𝐿𝑜𝑔
log 2 2𝑥 = log 2 64
𝑥 ∗ log 2 2 = log 2 64
𝑥 = log 2 64
𝑥 = log 2 (2 ∗ 32)
𝑥 = log 2 (2 ∗ 2 ∗ 21 ∗ 2 ∗ 2 ∗ 2)
𝑥 = log 2 (26 )
𝑥 = 6 ∗ log 2 (2)
𝑥 =6∗1
𝑥=6
38 ∗ 4log3 𝑥 = 36log3 𝑥
38 = 32∗log3 𝑥
8 = 2 ∗ log 3 𝑥
8
= log 3 𝑥
2
4 = log 3 𝑥
log 3 𝑥 = 4
log 𝑎 𝑏 = 𝒙 , 𝑎𝒙 = 𝑏
34 = 𝑥
3∗3∗3∗3= 𝑥
9∗9 =𝑥
81 = 𝑥
4 log 4 √𝑥 + 4 log 2 𝑥 + 5 = 0
1
22 log 22 𝑥 2 + 22 log 2 𝑥 + 5 = 0
1 2 1
∗ 2 ∗ ∗ log 2 𝑥 + 22 log 2 𝑥 + 5 = 0
2 2
1 ∗ 22 ∗ 1
∗ log 2 𝑥 + 22 log 2 𝑥 + 5 = 0
2∗2
4
∗ log 2 𝑥 + 22 log 2 𝑥 + 5 = 0
4
log 2 𝑥 + 4 log 2 𝑥 + 5 = 0
log 2 (𝑥 ∗ 𝑥 4 ∗ 25 ) = 0
5 log 2 𝑥 + 5 = 0
5 ∗ log 2 𝑥 = −5
5
log 2 𝑥 = −
5
log 2 𝑥 = −1
2−1 = 𝑥
1 1
( ) =𝑥
2
1
=𝑥
2
log 3 [𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 8] = 3 ∗ log 3 3 − 1
log 3 [𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 8] = 3 − 1
log 3 [𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 8] = 2
32 = 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 8
0 = 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 8 − 9
0 = 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 1
𝑎=1 , 𝑏 = −6 , 𝑐 = −1
Formula general:
log 3 (35 − 𝑥 3 )
=3
log 3 (5 − 𝑥)
log 3 (35 − 𝑥 3 ) = 3 ∗ log 3 (5 − 𝑥)
35 − 𝑥 3 = (5 − 𝑥)3
35 − 𝑥 3 = 53 − 𝑥 3 + 3(5)𝑥 2 − 3(5)2 𝑥
3𝑥 + 3 = 0 , 𝑥−6 =0
3𝑥 = −3 , 𝑥 = +6
3
𝑥=− , 𝑥 = +6
3
𝑥 = −1 , 𝑥=6
1 1
𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 2 ∗ 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 2 = log 𝑥
1 1
∗ 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 ∗ ∗ 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 = log 𝑥
2 2
1 1
∗ ∗ 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 ∗ 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 = log 𝑥
2 2
1 log 𝑥
∗ 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 =
4 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥
1
∗ 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 = 1
4
𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 = 1 ∗ 4
𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 = 4
104 = 𝑥
10 ∗ 10 ∗ 10 ∗ 10 = 𝑥
𝑥 = 10000
270°
Propiedades
sin 𝛼 1 1 1 cos 𝛼
tan 𝛼 = , sec 𝛼 = , csc 𝛼 = , 𝐶𝑡𝑔 𝛼 = =
cos 𝛼 cos 𝛼 sin 𝛼 𝑇𝑎𝑛 𝛼 sin 𝛼
𝟏 1
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜶 ∗ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜷 = ∗ [𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝜶 + 𝜷) sin 𝛼 ∗ sin 𝛽 = − ∗ [cos(𝛼 + 𝛽)
𝟐 2
+ 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝜶 − 𝜷)] − cos(𝛼 − 𝛽)]
II I
180° 0°=360°=2𝜋= 1 vuelta
III IV
270°
𝜋 180°
sin = sin = sin 90° = 1
2 2
𝑥 = 0°
Ángulos complementarios
sin 70
= 1, 𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 70 + 20 = 90
cos 20
¿Cuál sería el Angulo complementario de 18°?
Es 72, porque: 18+72=90
cos 2 𝛼 − 3 sin2 𝛼 = 0
1 − sin2 𝛼 − 3 sin2 𝛼 = 0
1 − 4 sin2 𝛼 = 0
1 = 4 sin2 𝛼
1
= sin2 𝛼
4
1
√ = √sin2 𝛼
4
1
= sin 𝛼
2
1
sin 𝛼 =
2
1
𝛼 = sin−1 ( )
2
𝛼 = 30°
cos 2 𝛼 − 3 sin2 𝛼 = 0
1
𝛼 = sin−1 ( )
2
𝛼 = 30°
Múltiples soluciones
1 1 √3 1
= − 4(sin 60 ∗ cos 10 − sin 10 ∗ cos 60) = − 4 ( ∗ cos 10 − sin 10 ∗ )
sin 10 sin 10 2 2
1 √3 1 1 √3 ∗ cos 10 sin 10
= − 4 ( ∗ cos 10 − sin 10 ∗ ) = −4( − )
sin 10 2 2 sin 10 2 2
1 √3 ∗ cos 10 − sin 10 1
= −4( )= − 2(√3 ∗ cos 10 − sin 10)
sin 10 2 sin 10
cos(2𝛼) = 1 − 2 sin2 𝛼
−√3 ∗ 2 sin 10 cos 10 + cos(2 ∗ 10) −√3 ∗ sin(2 ∗ 10) + 1 cos(2 ∗ 10)
= =
sin 10 sin 10
√3 1
− ∗ sin(20) + cos(20) − cos 30 ∗ sin(20) + sin 30 cos(20)
= 2 2 =
1 1
sin 10 sin 10
2 2
sin 30 cos(20) − cos 30 ∗ sin(20) sin(30 − 20) sin(10) 2 sin 10
= = = = =2
1 1 1 sin 10
sin 10 sin 10 sin 10
2 2 2
sin(𝛼 − 𝛽) = sin 𝛼 cos 𝛽 − sin 𝛽 cos 𝛼
√2 cos 5𝑥
2 cos 4𝑥 =
cos 5𝑥
2 cos 4𝑥 = √2
√2
cos 4𝑥 =
2
√2
4𝑥 = cos −1
2
4𝑥 = 45°
45
𝑥=
4
i) Camino erroneo
cos(2𝑥)
(sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥) =
cos(2𝑥)
sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 = 1
6 sin2 𝑥 cos 2 𝑥 = 0
0
sin2 𝑥 cos 2 𝑥 =
6
sin2 𝑥 ∗ cos 2 𝑥 = 0
sin2 𝑥 = 0 , cos 2 𝑥 = 0
√sin2 𝑥 = √0 , √cos 2 𝑥 = √0
sin 𝑥 = 0 , cos 𝑥 = 0
𝑥 = sin−1 0 , 𝑥 = cos −1 0
𝑥 = 0° , 𝑥 = 90°
2𝜋(𝑟𝑎𝑑) 2𝜋 𝜋
𝑥 = 0° ∗ = 0 𝑟𝑎𝑑 , 𝑥 = 90° ∗ = (𝑟𝑎𝑑)
360° 360° 2
Cronograma:
Jueves 23 (Progresiones)
Lunes 27 EXAMEN (45 min) + Reforzamiento
Jueves 30 Reforzar los temas menos realizados del examen
i) Camino 1
sin 47 + sin 54 cos 7 + sin 7 cos 54 − sin 11 − (sin 18 cos 7 + sin 7 cos 18)
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟒𝟕 + sin 54 cos 7 + sin 7 cos 54 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟏 − sin 18 cos 7 − sin 7 cos 18
ii) Camino 2
0 = −6 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝒙
0
= 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝒙
−6
√0 = √𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝒙 √𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝒙
0 = sin 𝑥 ∗ cos 𝑥
sin 𝑥 = 0 cos 𝑥 = 0
𝑥 = 0 𝑥 = 90
E-1. Uno de los catetos de un triángulo rectángulo mide 4,8 cm y el ángulo opuesto a este cateto
mide 54°. Halla la medida del resto de los lados y de los ángulos del triángulo.
54°
b
Por concepto general: En todo triangulo, sus ángulos internos siempre suman 180°
Progresión aritmética
3, 5, 7, 9, 11
𝑎1 = 1𝑟 𝑡é𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑜 𝑎1 = 3
𝑎𝑛 = "n"𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑜 𝑡é𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑜 𝑎4 = 9
𝑟 = 𝑟𝑎𝑧ó𝑛 𝑟 = +2
𝑆𝑛 = 𝑆𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑒 "n" términos
𝑎1 + 𝑎𝑛 3 + 11 14
𝐼𝑀𝑃𝐴𝑅: 𝑡𝐶 = 𝐼𝑀𝑃𝐴𝑅: 𝑡𝐶 = = =7
2 2 2
𝑎1 + 𝑎𝑛
𝑃𝐴𝑅: 𝑡𝐶 = +1
2
𝑛 5 5 5
𝑆𝑛 = ∗ (2 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1) 𝑟) 𝑆5 = ∗ (2 ∗ 3 + (5 − 1) ∗ 2) = ∗ (6 + 8) = ∗ 14 = 35
2 2 2 2
𝑛 𝑛 5 5
𝑆𝑛 = ∗ ( 𝑎1 + 𝑎𝑛 ) ( ) ( )
𝑆5 = ∗ 𝑎1 + 𝑎𝑛 = ∗ 3 + 11 = ∗ 14 = 35
2 2 2 2
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1) ∗ 𝑟 ; 𝑎4 = 3 + ( 4 − 1 ) ∗ 2 = 3 + 6 𝑎 4 = 9
𝑎𝑛 − 𝑎1 𝑎3 − 𝑎1 7 − 3 4
𝑟= 𝑟= = = 𝑟=2
𝑛−1 3−1 2 2
Progresión geométrica
x2 x2 x2 x2 x2
2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64
𝑡1 = 1𝑟 𝑡é𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑜 𝑡1 = 2
𝑡𝑛 = "n"𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑜 𝑡é𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑜 𝑡4 = 16
𝑟 = 𝑟𝑎𝑧ó𝑛 𝑟=2
𝑆𝑛 = 𝑆𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑒 "n" términos
𝑡1 ∗ 𝑡𝑛 2 ∗ 𝑡6 2 ∗ 64
𝑃𝐴𝑅: 𝑡𝐶 = √ 𝑡𝐶 = √ =√ = √64 = 8
2 2 2
𝑡𝐶 = √𝑟 ∗ 𝑡1 ∗ 𝑡𝑛 𝑡𝐶 = √2 ∗ 2 ∗ 64 = √4 ∗ 64 = 2 ∗ 8
𝐼𝑀𝑃𝐴𝑅: 𝑡𝐶 = √𝑡1 ∗ 𝑡𝑛 = 16
𝑟 ∗ 𝑡𝑛 − 𝑡1 2 ∗ 𝑡4 − 𝑡1 2 ∗ 16 − 2
𝑆𝑛 = 𝑆4 = = = 30
𝑟−1 2−1 1
𝑟𝑛 − 1 𝑟𝑛 − 1
𝑆𝑛 = 𝑡1 ∗ 𝑆𝑛 = 𝑡1 ∗
𝑟−1 𝑟−1
𝑡𝑛 = 𝑡1 ∗ 𝑟 𝑛−1 𝑡3 = 2 ∗ 23−1 = 2 ∗ 22 = 8
𝑡𝑛 = 𝑡𝑘 ∗ 𝑟 𝑛−𝑘 𝑡3 = 𝑡𝑘 + 𝑟 𝑛−𝑘