Machine Translated by Google

m
6h
o0
enr0a 1t

oo oo
H¥$Vr : EH$m ^m§S>çmV '¡Xm, 'rR> Am{UW§S> gm{hË` : 1 dmQ>r J«rZ
J«rZ AZr¶Z

Ybr ~« « S>!
nmUr Q>mHy$Z nrR> 'iyZ ¿¶md§. N>moQ>o Amo{Z¶Z (~marH$ H$mnbobo),

Am Jmoio H$ê$Z (gmaIo) bm§~ H$amdoV. 'J

˶mbm ZrQ> WmndyZ ¿¶md§. ˶mV J«rZ
Amo{Z¶Z Q>mHy$Z ZrQ> ~mOy
2 dmQ>r '¡Xm, 1 dmQ>r W§S>
nmUr, AYu dmQ>r Vob, . AYm©
M'Mm 'rR>, ViʶmgmR>r
n°ZHo$H$ (Mm¶Zm)

~§XH$amì¶mV. naV WmoS>g§ WmnyZ Vob.

¿¶md§. 'J ˶mbm nri XoD$Z XmoÝhr

~mO© EH${ÌV H$amì¶mV
H$S>~moiçmgmaIm AmH$ma hmoB©b. 'J VobmV Vimì¶mV.

~«oS> hm gd©àW' ¶wamon Am{U AmImVr XoemV gw'mao Bgnyd©

gm{hË` : 2 dmQ>r Vm§XimM§
8000 'ܶon{hë¶m§Xm ~Zdbobm, Ag§ B{Vhmg gm§JVmo. n{hë¶m§Xm nmbH$, ^mH$ar
nrR>, AYu dmQ>r {eObobm
JdVmÀ¶m {~¶m§nmgyZ ~Zdbm Am{U 'J Jhÿ, ~mabr, 'H$m, Vm§Xÿi
nmbH$, AYm© M'Mm bgyU
¶mnmgyZ ~Zdm¶bm gwe$dmV Pmbr. âb°Q> ~«oS> hm Iyn àM{bV AgyZ (^maV, 'hmamîQ´>) noñQ>, AYm© M'Mm {Oao H¥$Vr : EH$m ^m§S>çmV gd© gm{h˶
Vmo AmImVr Am{UE{e¶m'ܶo OmñV à'mUmV dmnabm OmVmo. Vg§M
(^mObobo), nmd M'Mm Q>mHy$Z ˶mda WmoS>§g§ Ja' nmUr Q>mHy$Z
'$ma B©ñQ> åhUOo Mm¶Zm'ܶo nU ¶m Q>mBnMm ~«oS> '$ma àM{bV 'rR>, Ja' nmUr. nrR> 'iyZ ¿¶md§. ¶mV nmbH$ Agë¶m'wio nmUr
Amho. ˶mbm Amo{Z¶Z n°ZHo$H$ åhUyZ g§~moYb§ OmV§. 'J hiyhiy H$'r bmJob. nrR> EH$X' KÅ> Zgmd§. 'J bmQy>Z
¶m àH$mamMm ~«oS> gd©M OJmV ngabm EH$ d¡{eîQ>ç åhUOo ¶m Vì¶mda Q>mHy$Z ˶mda nmUr qenS>m Am{U

àH$mam§Mm ~«oS> OmñV H$ê$Z OodUmV dmnaVmV Am{U Oo bmoH $ '§XJ°gda eoHy$Z ¿¶m. ¶m ^mH$è¶m H$moií¶mÀ¶m

~«oS> AgVmV. Vo ~«oH$'$mñQ>gmR>r dmnaVmV Amnë¶m ao{gnrO'ܶo eoJS>rda ^mOë¶mda Iyn N>mZ bmJVmV.

doJdoJio âb°Q> ~«oS> H$go H$amb, ho XaamoOÀ¶m OodUmV MnmVrEodOr Oê$a H$ ê$Z ~Km.

BZOoam
gm{hË` : 1 dmQ>r ‘¡Xm, 2
M'Mo Xhr, AYu dmQ>r 'oëQ>oS> (BWmo{n¶m)
H¥$Vr : EH$m ^m§S>çmV ho gd© gm{h˶ Q>mHy$Z ~Q>a, nmd dmQ>r gmIa, AYu

ZrQ> {'giyZ ¿¶md§. 1-2 {Xdg {'«$O'ܶo R>odmd§. 'J dmQ>r Xhr
˶mÀ¶mda qH$dm Zm°ZpñQ>H$ n°Z'ܶo WmoS>§g§

Vob Q>mHy$Z 1 'moR>m M'Mm ~Q>a Q>mHy$ Z

n°Z hbdyZ gd©Ì ZrQ> ngadmd§. EH$ ~mOy
{eOë¶mZ§Va ˶mbm nbQ>dmd§. bhmZ 'wbm§Zm
Im¶bm XoVmZm Ja'mJa' Úmd§. Iyn N>mZ bmJVmV.
BWmo{n¶m'ܶo hm ~«oS> OodUmV Agbm åhUOoM

BWmonr¶Z OodU nyU© Pmb§. Ag§ 'mZVmV.

Machine Translated by Google

gm{hË` : 1 dmQ>r '¡Xm, AYu dmQ>r H¥$Vr : EH$m ^m§S>çmV '¡Xm, Vob Am{U
ZJmo‘o (‘mbr) Vob, AYu dmQ>r nmUr, AYm© nmUr Q>mHy$ZH$UrH$ ZrQ> 'iyZ ¿¶mdr. hr
M'Mm 'rR>. 1 dmQ>r Vob H$UrH$ EH$X' gm°âQ> Am{U bd{MH$
bmQ>ʶmgmR>r. Agmdr. N>moQ>o Jmoio H$ê$Z Vobmda bmQ>mdr.

OodT>r 'moR>r Am{U nmVi bmQ>Vm ¶oB©b

Vmon¶ªV bm§Q>mdr. ˶mda Vob
Q>mHy$Z AmbQy>Z nmbQy>Z ?? Kmbmì¶mV.
naV bnoQy>Z R>odyZ Úmd§. Aܶm©
VmgmZo naV Vobmda bmQy>Z
Vì¶mda ^mOmdr, H$moU˶mhr H$ar~amo~a N>mZ bmJVo.

gm{hË` : 1 dmQ>r '¡Xm, 1 M'Mm B©ñQ>, AYm© ~ma~ar

H¥$Vr : ho gd© gm{h˶ nmUr Q>mHy$Z 'iyZ EH$m M'Mm 'rR>, 1 M'Mm gmIa, nmUr.

'moR>çm nmVoë¶mV PmHy$Z 1 {Xdg R>odmdo. Xþgè¶m

{Xder Jmoio H$ê$Z MnmVrgmaIo âb°Q> H$ê$Z
~«oS> (n{e©¶Z)
AmoìhZ'ܶo ^mOmdoV.

nydu naer¶mVbo ~ma~a (Zmìhr) ho ~«oS> H$ê$Z

VohamZbm AmUm¶Mo. ˶mdê$Z ~ma~ar ~«oS> ho Zmd
nS>b§.

Eoe ‘ohmham
gm{hË` : 1 dmQ>r ‘³¶mM§
(B{OßV)
H¥$Vr : ho gd© gm{h˶ EH$m nmVoë¶mV KmbyZ nrR>, nmd dmQ>r ‘¡Xm, 1 M‘Mm

˶mV nmUr Q>mHy$Z MnmVrÀ¶m H$UHo$gmaIm ZrQ> ~S>reon nmdS>a, 1 M‘Mm

'iyZ ¿¶mdm. AYm© Vmg ˶mbm PmHy$Z R>odmd§. B©ñQ>, AYm© M'Mm 'rR>, 1

WmoS>m '$ma 'w$Job 'J ˶mMo N>moQ>o Jmoio M‘Mm gmIa.

H$ê$Z MnmVrgmaIo bmQy>Z 15-20 {'{ZQ>§ R>odyZ 'J

AmoìhZ'ܶo ^ mOyZ ¿¶md§ qH$dm Vì¶mda WmoS>§ Vob
Q>mHy$Z ^mOyZ ¿¶md§.
Machine Translated by Google

gm{hË` : EH$ dmQ>r Am°{bd

Am°B©b. EH$ M‘Mm '«|$MS´>oqgJ

H$m°pÊQ>ZoÊQ> H¥$Vr : ‘moharnyS>, H$mi{‘ar, bgyU nmH$ù¶m, gmIa, ‘rR>

‘moharnyS>, EH$ M‘Mm
H$mir{‘ar, nmM-ghm

nmH$ù¶m bgyU, EH$ M‘Mm

ho gd© {‘³ga‘YyZ dmQy>Z ¿¶md§. ˶mV qb~y ag Q>mH$mdm. gmIa, ‘rR> MdrZwgma, EH$
Am°{bd Am°Bb hiyhiy Q>mHy$Z KwgiV ahmd§. ho S´>oqgJ gd© M‘Mm qb~y ag.
gm°g hm OmñV B§p1ÿ2be Hw$H$ar'YyZ àM{bV Pmbm. gw'mao 19 ì¶m eVH$mZ§Va {~«{Q>e Hw$H$ar'YyZ doJdoJio H$am¶À¶m AJmoXa bJoM gìh© H$amd§. OmñV H$ê$Z
B§p1ÿ2be gm°gog àM{bV hmoD$ bmJbo. gm°g ~ZdU§ hr Ver doJirM H$bm Amho. gm°gogMr H$pÝgñQ>Ýgrhr Hw$R>ë¶mhr g°bS²>g~amo~a N>mZ bmJV§.

doJdoJir AgVo. åhUyZ gm°gog ~ZdVmZm à'mU 'moOyZ AJXr ¶mo1ÿ2¶ Agb§ nm{hOo. à˶oH$ gm°gMm a§J Am{U
ê$Mr doJdoJir AgVo. ¶m gm°go~amo~a 'mgo, 'Q>U, {MH$Z Am{U ìho{OQ>o~b gìh© Ho$b§ OmV§. gm°g Oam

OmS>ga H$aʶmgmR>r ~Q>a Am{U '¡Xm g'à'mUmV KoD$Z gm°g'ܶo {eOdVmV. A§S>çmVb§ {ndi§ 'o$gyZ ˶mV
{H«$' KmbyZ nU gm°g H$aVmV. ˶mMà'mUo H$m°Z©âbmoa, Culture$Q>, ~Q>mQ>çmM§ nrR>, Vm§XimM§
nrR> ho gm°g XmQ> H$aʶmgmR>r dmnaVmV. AmOÀ¶m ao{gnrO'ܶo ho gm°gog Amnë¶m ^maVr¶ MdrZwgma 'ñQ>S>© gm°g gm{hË` : XmoZ M'Mo ~Q>a,
Car H$go H$aVm ¶oB©b, Vo gm§JV Amho. XmoZ M'Mo '¡Xm, AYm© M'Mm

'moharnyS>, EH$ M'Mm 'mohar, H¥$Vr : EH$m OmS> ~wS>mÀ¶m nmVoë¶mV ~Q>a
Mma-nmM H$S>rnÎmm, EH$ Am{U '¡Xm KmbyZ ìhmBQ> gm°g KmbyZ ¿¶mdm. ˶mV
dmQ>r H«$s' qH$dm XÿY, AYm© 'rR> Am{U 'moharnyS> KmbyZ gVV hbdyZ '§XJ°gda
M'Mm 'rR>. EH$ CH$ir ¶oB©n¶aV {eOdmdm. 'J Imbr CVadyZ ¿¶mdm.

EH$m '«$m¶ n°Z'ܶo WmoS> Vob

Q>mHy$ZH$S>rnÎmm Am{U 'moharMr '$moS>Ur
H$ê$Z ˶m gm°g'Ü ¶o Q>mH$mdr. hm gm°g Vibobo

'mgo qH$dm H$Q>boQ> ¶m~amo~a Iyn N>mZ bmJVmo.

gm{hË` : 15-20
H$mpí'ar {'aMr. AYu
{Mbr gm°g
OwS>r pñn ÿJ Amo{Z¶Z,
Mother B§M Amb§,
EH$ dmQ>r pìhZoJa,

H¥$Vr : EH$ {Xdg AJmoXa {'aMr nmʶmV {^OV EH$ M'Mm gmIa, 'rR>

Kmbmdr. Amb§, bgyU, gmIa, 'rR> Am{U {'aMr {'³gada MdrZwgma, Mother-
dmQy>Z ¿¶mdr. Oam OmS>ga Agmdr. ˶mV gd© pìhZoJa nmM nmH$ù¶m bgyU.
KmbyZ ZrQ> hbdyZ ~mQ>brV ^ê$Z R>odmd§. hm gm°g EH$
'{hZm Var Mm§Jbm amhVmo.
Machine Translated by Google

gm{hË` : EH$ A§S>çmVb§

{ndi, AYm© M'Mm 'mohar,

'rR> MdrnwaV§, AYm© M'Mm
Jm{b©H$ -Xhr {'anyS>, AYm© M'Mm gmIa,
Mma Vo nmM {haì¶m {'aÀ¶m
~marH$ H$mnboë¶m, AYu
OwS>r H$moqW~ra ~marH$
H¥$Vr : EH$ ^m§S>çmV A§S>çmVb§ {ndi§, 'mohar, 'rR>
Am{U {'anyS> KmbyZ A§S>o 'o$gm¶À¶m adrZo 'o$gmdo.
hiyhiy Vob Q>mH$V amhmd§. 'J ho {'lU 'w$JV§ Am{U OmS>
hmoV§. ho Pmë¶mda Xþgè¶m ^m§S>çmV

{Mabobr, Your Children nmM 'J ˶mV V¶ma Ho$bobm gm°g Q>mHy$Z {'gidyZ ¿¶md§.
nmH$ù¶m bgyZ ~marH$ hm gm°g Hw$R>ë¶mhr gm°g~amo~a gd© H$ê$ eH$Vm. AJXr
{Mabobm, EH$ dmQ>r Vob, gmYm nmnS> nU ¶m gm°g~amo~a Mm§Jbm bmJVmo.

AYm© M'Mm qb~y ag, AYu dmQ>r

pñQ>'OmS> Xhr. {MH$Z~amo~a And Iyn N>mZ bmJVmo.
{'$e qH$dm

H¥$Vr : {MH$ZMr hmS> YwdyZ ¿¶mdrV. JmOa, H$m§Xm gm{hË` : AYm© {H$bmo {MH$ZMo

~marH$ H$mnyZ ¿¶mdm. EH$ n°Z'ܶo AYu dmQ>r ~Q>a ~moÝg (hmS>), EH$ JmOa, EH$
Q>mHy$Z ˶mV {MH$ZMr hmS>§, H$m§Xm, JmOa H$m§Xm, EH$ M'Mm H$mir{'ar,
Am{UH$mir{'ar naVdyZ ¿ ¶mdr. Oam H$miga H$ba EH$ dmQ> r H«$s', 'rR> MdrZwgma, {MH$Z gm°g
Amë¶mda OmS> ~wS>mÀ¶m ^m§S>çmV VrZ Your Mother AYu dmQ>r ~Q>a, XmoZ M'Mo
Vmg CH$idmd§. hm gd© gm°g AYm© {bQ>an¶aV H$amdm. H°$a°'b H$ba qH$dm gmIa

‘J gd© JmiyZ naV CH$idyZ ˶mV H°$ao‘°b H$ba. OmiyZ Ho$bobm gm°g.
H«$s' Q>mHy$Z naV EH$ CH$ir H$mT>mdr. 'rR>
MdrZwgma Q>mHy$Z gìh© H$amdm. hm Q>°{S>eZb
gm°g Amho. {MH$ZJ«rb qH$dm 'Q>Um~amo~a gìh© H$aVmV.

gm{hË` : EH$ dmQ>r ~Q>a, AYu

dmQ>r OmS>ga {'aMrnyS>, H¥$Vr : EH$m ^m§S>çmV XÿY, nmUr, H$mir{'ar

EH$ A§S>çmVb§ {ndi§, EH$ EH$Ì H$ê$Z CH$idmd§. A§S>çmVb§ {ndi§
EJ gm°g M'Mm H$mir{'ar nmdS>a, EH$ 'o$gdy ˶mV KmbyZ hbdV amhmd§. Oam

dmQ>r XÿY, EH$ dmQ>r OmS>ga Pmë¶mda ˶mV {'aMrnyS> Am{U

'rR> Q>mH$md§. 'J Imbr CVadyZ ¿¶md§. Oam
nmUr, 'rR> MdrZwgma.
H$mo'Q> Pmë¶mda ˶mV ~Q>a KmbyZ {'3g
H$amd§. hm gm°g {'$e~amo~a qH$dm CH$ibobo
~Q>mQ>o, H$m°{bâbm°da~amo~a Mm§Jbm bmJVmo.
Machine Translated by Google

HighXr namR>o
gm{h˶ : XmoZ dmQ>çm H$UrH$,
About namR>m
EH$ M'Mm Vob, 'rR> H¥$Vr : Zoh'rà'mUo nrR> 'iyZ ¿¶md§. ~Q>mQ>m

MdrZwgma, Mother Vo nmM Hw$gH$am. ˶mV {hadr {'aMr, 'rR>

~Q>mQ>o (CH$S>dumb), Am{UH$moqW~ra Q>mH$mdr. EH$mn°Z'ܶo
Mother Vo nmM {hadr {' aMr, '$moS>Ur H$ê$Z hr gd© ˶m ~Q>mQ>çmda
AYu dmQ>r H$moqW~ra, Úmdr. W§S> Pmë¶mda ZrQ> EH$ Word H$ê$Z
'$moS>Ur, {Oao, 'mohar, ¿¶md. ˶mMo N>moQ>o Jmoio H$amdoV.
naR>m hm EH$ OodUmVbm 'hÎdmMm KQ>H$ Amho. hm EH$ ~«oS> qH$dm MnmVrMm EH$ doJim àH$ma Amho. H$S>rnÎmm, 'rR> H$UHo$À¶m
MdrZwgma. dmQ>rV ~Q>mQ>çmM§ nwaU ^ê$Z

gmYmaUV: gd© namR>o JìhmÀ¶m {nR>mnmgyZ ~ZdVmV. ˶m'wio earamg nU Cn¶w³V Ag§ R>ab§. nmíMmζ gd© ~mOyZr ~§XH$amd§. hb3¶m hmVmZo bmQy>Z
XmoÝhr ~mOy§Zr ^mOyZ ¿¶mdm. gmYmaUV: 15-20
XoemV nU JìhmnmgyZ ~Zdbobo àH$ma Imʶmg gwê$dmV Pmbr Amho. H$mí'ra Vo H$ݶmHw$'marn¶ªV Agm ^maVmV
{'{ZQ>mV to gd© V¶ma hmoV§.
namR>m hm à˶oH$ àm§VmV Ho$bm OmVmo. '$³V ~ZdʶmMr nÕV doJdoJir Amho. ˶mM nmoirV doJdoJio nXmW©
KmbyZ ~ZdU§ åhUOo namR>m. Vg§ åhQ>b§ Va nwainmoir, JwimMr nmoir hohr EH$ àH$maMo namR>o AmhoV.
âbmda, H$mo~r, JmOa, 'wim ¶m ^mÁ¶m OmñV H$ê$Z dmnaVmV Am{U ˶mhr H$ÀÀ¶mM dmnaVmV. H$maU
namoR>m H$aVmZm dm'o$Zo ˶m {eOVmV. VodT>çmM ˶m {eOë¶m nm{hOoV, VaM earamg gd© {dQ>°{'Ýg {'iVmV.
˶mMà'mUo S>mir, 'gwaS>mi, 'wJmMr S>mi ¶m gd© S>mir {eOdyZ Am{U ˶mMr noñQ> H$ê$Z namR>çmV dmnabr H¥$Vr : EH$mn°Z'ܶo ~marH$ J°gda ~marH$ {Mê$Z
OmVo. nU hm namR>m H°$bar H$m°Ýeg bmoH$m§Zr ImD$ Z¶o. ˶mgmR>r {haì¶m ^mÁ¶m, nmbH$, 'oWr hoM Mm§Jbo
nmbH$ namR>m YwdyZ gm'$ Ho$bobm nmbH$ WmoS>mgm Q>mH$mdm. gm{h˶ : EH$ OwS>r nmbH$,

AmhoV. Oo bmoH$ dOZ H$'r H$aV AmhoV ˶m§Zr S>mirMm namR>m ImD$ Z¶o. ˶mEodOr ^mÁ¶m§Mm namR>m ˶mV {hadr {'aMr, bgyU ~marH$ {Mabobr, {Oa§ Am{U 'rR> Your Daughter nmM {haì¶m {'aÀ¶m,

dmnamdm. 'hÎdmM§ H$maU åhUOo S>mir'Ybo gJio A§e '°$Q> gmR>dm¶bm JìhmÀ¶m {nR>m~amo~a 'XV H$aVmV. (Zmo ’°$Q>) Q>mH$md§. nmbH$ Q>mH$ë¶m'wio ˶mbm nmUr VrZ Your Daughter nmH$ù¶m

gwQ>ob Am{U VobmMr JaO Zmhr. WmoS>§ nmUr bgyU, EH$ M'Mm {Oa§,
'J In EH$ J«°' Agmo H$s 100 J«°'. ^mÁ¶m Am{U JìhmM§ nrR> ho H°$barOMm IM© H$aV§. AmOÀ¶m ao{gnrO H°$bar
gwQ>ë¶mZ§Va ~mH$sMm nmbH$ Q>mH$mdm. 'J OmñV 'rR> MdrZwgma, . XmoZ dmQ>çm H$UrH$.
H$m°Ýeg AmhoV. Oê$a H$ê$Z Zoh'rÀ¶m OodUmV e³¶Vmoda H$aV ahm.
nmUr gwQ>ob. W§S> Pmë¶mda to gd© H$UHo$V Q>mHy$Z
nrR> 'imd§. OmñV nmUr bmJë¶mg Q>mH$md§. 10 Vo 15

{'{ZQ>m§Zr ˶mÀ¶m nmoù¶m H$amì¶mV. Vì¶mda Vob

Zmhr Q>mH$b§ Var hr nmoir N>mZ hmoVo.

¨mMà'mUo ¨mV 'oWr Q>mH$br Var namR>m N>mZ

hmoVmo. nmbH$mɸm EodOr '«o$e 'oWr Q>mH$mdr.

namR>çmMo XmoZ àH$ma AmhoV.

H¥$Vr : H$UHo$VM ^mOr, H$moqW~ra dJ¡ao {'³g H$ê$Z

Vì¶mda ^mObobm. H$UrZ ~ZdyZ ˶m'ܶo nwaU ^ê$Z Ho$bobm

namR>m.
Machine Translated by Google

gm{hË` : XmoZ dmQ>çm OmS> H$UrH$ H¥$Vr : H$UrH$, 'rR> Am{U nmUr Q>mHy$Z ZrQ> 'iyZ ¿¶mdr.

hmobpìhQ> (hmobpìhQ>). ho nrR> OmS>ga AgyZ ¶mV gd© 'ܶ' AmH$mamMo VwH$S>o H$amdoV. WmoS>ogo bmQy>Z
OrdZgÎd§ AmhoV. ho nrR> H$m°Z© ¿¶mdoV. 'J ˶mda bmo '°$Q> H$m°Z© Vob bmdyZ ˶mMr KS>r

namR>m Kar H$am¶M§ Agë¶mg Jhÿ {^OdyZ 'J dmidyZ OmS>ga XimdoV. KmbyZ naV H$m°Z© Vob bmdyZ naV KS>r H$ê$Z bmQy>Z 'J Vì

AYm© dmQ>r H$m°Z© Vob (bmo '°$Q>), ¶mda Hw$R>bohr Vob Z Q>mH$Vm ^mOyZ ¿¶mdr.
AYm© dmQ>r H$m°Z©, 'rR> MdrZwgma.

nmoir Oam OmS>ga R>odyZ ˶mda H$m°Z© ('H$m) Q>mHy$Z

naV bmQy>Z Vì¶mda ^mOmdr. hr CH$S>boë¶m Hw$R>ë¶mhr

^mOr~amo~a N>mZ bmJVo. OmñV H$ê$Z à˶oH$ OU AmO Amnë¶m

earamH$S>o ~KV AgVmo. hm namR>m Oo OmñV dOZ H$m°Ýeg

AmhoV ˶mÀ¶mgmR>r A{Ve¶ CÎm' Am{UH$aʶmg nU OmñV doi

Zmhr bmJV. '$³V H$UrH$ XiyZ R>odmdr.

¶mMà‘mUo ~aoM nXmW© Q>mHy$Z namR>o ~Zdbo OmVmV.

H$mhr H$m°på~ZoeÝg XoV Amho. Oê$a H$ê$Z ~Km.

H$UHo$V
H¥$Vr : H$UHo$V {'giyZ Ho$bobo namR>o

{'giyZ Ho$bobo XþYr ^monim {H$gbobm + H$UrH$ + {rag {'aMr.

namR>o
A°nb (g'$aM§X) {H$gyZ + H$UrH$ + qb~yag + gmIa + Om¶'$i nmdS>a, 'wù¶mMm nmbm + H$UrH$

+ 'rR> + {Oa§.

ha^è¶mMo XmUo ({eOdyZ) noñQ> Ho$bobo + H$UrH$ + 'rR>.

dmQ>mUo {hado ({eOdyZ noñQ> Ho$bobo) H$UrH$, {VIQ>, 'rR>, {Oa§.

H$UHo$V ^ê$Z Ho$bobo namR>o

âbm°da + ~marH$ H$mob§~r + {hadr {'aMr + H$moqW~ra.

{MH$Z {I‘m, ‘Q>U {I‘m.

‘Q>U H$boOr ({eOdyZ KoD$Z noñQ>) + {hadr {‘aMr, H$moqW~ra.

XmʶmM§ Hy$Q> + bgyU MQ>Ur + S´>m¶ àm°Ýg.

S>mi Hw$R>brhr nU OmS>ga + {hadr {'aMr + H$moqW~ra, {Oa§ hm namR>m dOZ dmT>dʶmg

Cn¶w³V Amho.
Machine Translated by Google

H¥$Vr: n{hë¶m§Xm Mm°H$boQ> ñn§O Ho$H$ ~ZdyZ ¿¶mdm.

MrO Ho$H$Mm OÝ' {1ÿ4ñVnyd© 776 'ܶo Pmbm. MrO ho n{hë¶m Am°{bpånH$ Joåg'ܶo gìh© H$aʶmV Amb§ hmoV§. Z§Va 1872 'ܶo Xþ1ÿ2Y ì¶dgm¶mVë¶m A§S>r Am{U gmIa 'o$Qy>Z ¿¶md§. ho {'lU Iyn KÅ> Agm¶bm hd§. gm{h˶ : 6 A§S>r, 150

EH$m A'o[aH$Z 'mUgmZo H«$s' MrO àW' V¶ma Ho$b§. 1880 'ܶo Ooåg H«$m°âQ>Zr ¶mZo nmíMamBÁS> MrO V¶ma Ho$b§ Oo Z§Va {'$bmS>opë'$Mm H«$s' MrO
¶mgmR>r Bbop3Q ÿ>H$ h°ÊS> {'3gaMm dmna Ho$bm Va CÎm' to J«°‘ gmIa, 100 J«°‘ ‘¡Xm, ãb°H$ ’$m°aoñQ>
{'lU hbH§$ hmoD$Z 'w$byZ ¶oV§. A§S>r Am{U gmIa 50 J«°' H$mH$mo nmdS>a,
åhUyZ à{gÕ Pmb §. hoM MrO nwT>o gJù¶m MrO Ho$H$'ܶo dmnab§ OmD$ bmJb§. amo'Z§ bmoH$m§Zr J«rgnmgyZ ¶wamonn¶aV ¶m MrOMm àgma Ho$bm.
Q>mH$ë¶mda {OVH§$ {'lU V¶ma hmoV§ Vo 'o$Q>ë¶mda ˶mÀ¶m 100 J«°' aoS> MoarO, 250
A'o[aHo$V Joë¶mda A'o[aH$Z MrO Ho$3g à{gÕ Pmbo. '«|$M JmVmo åhUOo âb°Q> Ho$H$! ˶mV 'Y, A§S>r, Ja' 'gmbm, ~Q>a, H«$s' Am{U XÿY KmbyZ ˶mMr
Mma nQ>rZo hbH§$ hmoD $Z dmT>m¶bm hd§. Z§Va ˶mV J«°' '«o$e H«$s', 50 J«°'
a§JV {d{dY XoemVë¶m bmoH$m§Zr A{YH$ dmT>dV Zobr. nyduÀ¶m H$mir amo''Ybo bmoH$ A§S> Am{U bmoʶmMm dmna H$ê$Z gmYm ~«ºS>Mm AmQ>m
'¡Xm Am{UH$moH$mo nmdS>a Q>mHy$Z hiwdmanUo {'3g S>mH©$ a§J, 100
dmnê$Z Ho$H$ ~ZdV. Z§Va ˶m§Zr 'YmMm dmna H$ê$Z Ho$3g ~Zdm¶bm gwe$dmV Ho$br. VoM nwT>o B§p1ÿ2be Ho$H$ åhUyZ à{gÕ Pmbo. EH$mo{Ugmì¶m H$ê$Z 180 A§ebm ~oH$ H$amdm. Ho$H$ W§S> Pmë¶mda J«°' gmIaoMm nmH$, nmUr
eVH$mV B§1ÿ2b§S>À¶m nmH$H¥$Vr {b{hUmè¶m boIH$m§Zr amBg nwqS>JÀ¶m ao{gnrbm àW' nonamV N> mnyZ ImÚnXmWmaZm à{gÕr XoʶmMm ˶mbm 'YyZ AmS>dm H$mnyZ ˶mMo XmoZ ñbmBg 50 {'br, 100 J«°' S>mH©$
nm¶§S>m H$amdoV. åhUOo ˶mMo VrZ ñbmBg hmoVrb. n{hë¶m ñbmBgda O°'M§ boA[a§J

gm{hË` : 100 J«°'

XwYr Ho$H$ ~Q>a, 100 J«°‘ gmIa, H¥$Vr : n{hë¶m§Xm ~Q>a Am{U gmIa Mm§Jb§ ’o$Qy>Z ¿¶md§. Mm§Jbo
nmS>bm.
2 A§S>r, 100 J«°‘ ‘¡Xm, 'o$Q>ë¶mZ§Va ˶mV hiyhiy WmoS>§ WmoS>§ H$aV A§S>r Q>mHy$Z 'o$Q>md§.

200 J«°‘ XþYr hbdm, 1 OmñV ’o$Q>ë¶mg {‘lU ’$mQ>V§. Voìhm H$miOr ¿¶mdr. ‘J ‘¡Xm
M'Mm Ja' 'gmbm, 2 Q>mHy$Z hiwdmanUo {‘lU {‘³g H$amd§. ˶mV Ja‘ ‘gmbm, ‘Y Am{U
M'Mo 'Y. XþYr hbdm {‘³g H$ê$Z 180 A§emda 30 Vo 40 {‘{ZQ>§ ~o«H$
H$amd§.

dm Ho$H$!
W§S> Pmë¶mda EH$m ßbmpñQ>H$À¶m S>ã¶mV R>ody eH$Vm.

H¥$Vr : {OboQ>rZ nmdS>a Am{UW§S> nmUr EH$Ì gm{hË` : 1 {H$bmo H«$s' MrO,
'±Jmo MrO Ho$H$
H$ê$Z R>odmd§. MrO Am{U gmIa EH$Ì H$ê$Z {'lU 'D$ 300 J«°' gmIa, 500 J«°'
hmoB©n¶aV hiydmanUo 'o$Q>md§. {OboQ>rZ {'3g '«o$e H«$s', 300 J«°'
Ho$bob§ nmUr '§XJ°gda R>odyZ {daKiyZ ¿¶mdo. ˶mV '°Jmo nën, . 1 M'Mm
'°Jmo new Am{U dobXmoS>çmMr nyS> Q>mH$mdr. ho dobXmoS>o nyS>, 60
{'lU WmoS>§ Ja' AgVmZm H«$s' MrO Am{U '«o$e J«°' {ObQ>rZ nmdS>a, 200 {'br nmUr.

H«$s' Q>mHy$Z T>diyZ ¿¶md§. T>dim¶Mr {H«$¶m

hiwdma Agmdr. ˶mV hdm OmUma Zmhr ¶mMr
H$miOr ¿¶mdr. '°Jmo nën KmVbob§ {'lU Am{U
MrOM§ {'lU EH$Ì
H$amd§.

gm{hË` : ZrQ> {'3g H$ê$Z ho {'lU N>moQ>çm ^m§S>çmV AmoVyZ H¥$Vr : dm§1ÿ2¶mMo Am{UH$m§Xo ¶m§Mo ñbmBg
1 {H$bm {'«$O'ܶo goQ> H$am ¶bm R>odmd§. gmYmaU 6 Vo 8 H$ê$Z ¿¶mdoV, EH$ '«$m¶n°Z'ܶo dm§Jr Am{ U Vob
dm§Jr 'moR>r,Q>mHy$Z
2 naVyZ ¿¶mdo. Vg§MH$m§ÚmMo nU ñbmBg
‘ܶ‘
naVyZ ¿¶mdo. Xþgè¶m EH$mn°Z'ܶo {'aMr H$mnbobo
AmH$mamMo Q>mo'°Q>mo ~marH$ Ho$bobo, bgyU ~marH$ Ho$bobm
naVyZ ¿¶mdoV. ˶mda dm§Jr Am{UH$m§Xo ñQ>mBb
R>odmdoV. 1 dmQ>r nmUr Am{U Xhr {'3g H$ê$Z ˶mda

Q>mH$md§. 'rR> MdrZwgma Q>mH$md§. '§XJ°gda

R>oD$Z WmoS>§ {eOdyZ ¿¶md§. to OodUÀ¶m AJmoXa gìh© H$amd§.
Machine Translated by Google

4000 dfm©nydunmgyZ Am§~m hm à˶jmV Ambm. WmoS>çm dfmaÀ¶m H$mbmdYrV Vmo gd©Ì {Xgy bmJbm. Á¶m XoemV gm{h˶ : XrS> dmQ>r Am°Q>ob

Am§ã¶mbm Og§ dmVmdaU bmJV§. Vgm Vmo à˶oH$ {R>H$mUr ê$Oy bmJbm. 4 Vo 6 dfmaV Am§ã¶mÀ¶m PmS>mbm Á¶yg, XmoZ 'moR>o Am§~o, Your {MH$Z Am{U
'$i§ ¶m¶bm bmJVmV. gJù¶mV OmñV Am§~m {dH$bm OmVmo Vmo A'o[aHo$V. nU Vmo OmñV H$ê$Z 'o[3gH$mo Am{UH° H¥$Vr: EH$m ^m§S>çmV gmIa, H$m§Xm, qb~y, Á¶yg, Mother nmM nmH$ù¶m bgyU,
Q>mo~°ñH$mo gm°g Q>mHy$Z gmIa {daKion¶; aV J°gda AYm© OwS>r H$moqW~ra,
$ao{~¶Z'YyZ AmUbm OmVmo. B§J«Or '±Jmo åhUOo b°{Q>Z '§Jr'o$am B§{S>H$m åhUOo ^maVmVb§ Am§ã¶mM§
R>odmd§. ˶mV '±Jmo, bgyU Am{UH$moqW~ra Q>mHy$Z XmoZ M'Mo gmIa, AYm©
N>moQ>§ PmS>§. ho Z§Va éOdyZ Oo Am§~o V¶ma Pmbo Vo B§J«Or '±Jmo åhUyZ à{gÕ AmhoV.
naV '§XJ°gda R>odmdoV. ˶mV Am°a|O Á¶yg Am{U {MH$Z dmQ>r {Mabobm H$m§Xm,
Am§~m ho H$mOy Am{U {nñVmemoÀ¶mM '°${'br'YyZ OÝ'mbm Ambob§ '$i Amho. Am§ã¶mbm OJ^a Am§~m, '§Jm, 'mZJm,
Q>mHy$Z PmH$U bmdyZ '§XJ°g Am{U {MH$Zbm {eOdyZ Úmd§. XmoZ M'Mo qb~y Á¶yg, EH$
'ZJmoQ>, 'mZJy åhUyZ nU g§~moYb§ OmV§. AmO OJ^a 1000 nojm OmñV Am§ã¶mÀ¶m OmVr AmhoV. Am§~m ho ZwgV§M eodQ>r 'rR> MdrZwgma Q>mH$md§. Oa Vwåhmbm WmoS>m M'Mm Q>mo~°ñH$mo gm°g,

'$i ZgyZ ˶m§À¶m~Ôb H$mhr H$ënZm AmhoV. Agm B{Vhmg AmOhr gm§{JVbm OmVmo. {VIQ>nUm hdm Agob And ˶mV {hadr {'aMrXmoZ dmQ>
Q>mH$br çmMmbob.
Var qH$dm

AYm© gmobbobo {MH$Z, 'rR> MdrZwgma.

Am§~m hm '$im§Mm amOm Amho. Am§~m ho à'mM àVrH$ AgyZ Am§ã¶mM§ PmS> Amnbr TABLE>m nyU© H$aV§. nZra '±Jmo
gm{hË` : EH$ dmQ>r nmñVm, AYm© H¥$Vr : àW' nmñVm
Kam'ܶo gwIg'¥Õr ahmdr åhUyZ {XdmirV, JwT>rnmS>ì¶mÀ¶m {Xder Am§ã¶mÀ¶m PmS>mMr N>moQ>r P' KamÀ¶m Xmamda
M‘Mm {Oao, AYm© M‘Mm {Mbr noñQ> {eOdyZ ~mOybm R>odyZ Úmdm. EH$m ^m§S>çmV Vob
~m§Ybr OmVo. Am§ã¶mMo ~Qy> Imëë¶mZo AmdmO Iyn 'Ywa hmoVmo. b1ÿ2ZmV, Vm§ã¶mda Zmai Am{U Am§ã¶m§Mr ñQ>a '«$m¶ XmoZ {Mabobo H$m§Xo, XmoZ dmQ>çm ‘eê$‘ Q>mHy$Z ˶mda gJio 'gmbo Am{UH$m§Xm, bgyU, {Mbr
S>hmir AgbrM nm{hOo. AmO ^maVmVyZ EH$M Am§~m OJ^a à{gÕ Amho, Vmo åhUOo hmnyg. ˶mM§ d¡{eîQ>ç åhUOo (C^o H$mnbobo) AYm© dmQ>r nZra, bmb noñQ> Q>mHy$Z ZrQ> naVdyZ ¿¶md§. Z§Va ˶mda 'eê$',
aËZm{JarMr 'mVr. Á¶m 'mVrVyZ to PmS> CJdV§. ˶mdê$Z ˶m Am§~mMr Md R>abr OmVo. AmO doñQ> B§{S>O'ܶo nU Am{U {hadr T>mo~ir {‘aMr (ñbmBg nZraMo N>moQ>o VwH$S>o, T>mo~ir {'aMr,

Iyn Mm§Jbm Am§~m hmoVmo nU ˶mMr Md hr doJirM. Am§~m ho Ag§ '$i Amho Vo gwê$dmVrnmgyZ Vo eodQ>n¶aV Ho$bobo) XmoZ 'moR>o Am§~o (N>moQ>o VwH$S>o) Am§ã¶mMo VwH$S>o Q>mHy$ZJ°gda R >odmd§. J°gMr

Hw$R>ë¶mhr Hw$qH$J'ܶo dmnab§ OmV§. åhUOo g°bS>nmgyZ Vo S>oPQ>©n¶aV. EH$ M'Mm qb~y Á¶yg, XmoZ M'Mo gmo¶m gm°g, YJ Oam OmñV Agmdr. eodQ>r qb~y ag, gmo¶m gm°g

AYm© dmQ>r H$mOy qH$dm e|JXmUo Am{UH$mOy Q>mHy$Z gd© Q>m°g H$amd§.
AmO 'r BWo gmܶm nU ñQ>mQ>g©nmgyZ S>oPQ>©n¶ªVÀ¶m ao{gnr XoV Amho. Vwåhr ˶m Oê$a H$ê$Z nmhm.
(^mObobo), EH$ M'Mm Vob, ' rR> Á¶m§Zm Mm¶ZrO AmdS>V ˶m§Zr ho Oê$a H$ê$Z ~Km.

MdrZwgma, XmoZ nmH$ù¶m bgyU,

H¥$Vr : ^m§S>çmV WmoS>§ nmUr KoD$ZH$mob§~r gm{hË` : EH$ H$n gmobbobr H$mob§~r ‘±Jmo g°bS>

ñQ>mQ>©g© Vo Q>mHy$Z {eOdyZ Úmdr. Xþgè¶m ^m§S>çmV

~marH$ {Mabobm bgyU, H$m§Xm

Q>mo'°Q>moMo 'ܶ' VwH$S>o, Vob 'ñQ>S>©, qb~y

H$mob§~r, XmoZ 'moR>o Am§~o

(gmobyZ 'ܶ' AmH$mamMo VwH$S>o),

VrZ Vo Mma nmH$ù¶ m bgyU, EH$

ag Am{U 'rR> EH$Ì H$éZ ˶mda Am§ã¶mMo Q>mo'°Q>mo, EH$ M'Mm g°bS> Vob,

VwH$S>o Am{U CH$S>bobr H$mob§~r Q>mHy$Z AYm© dmQ>r ~marH$ {Mabobm

hiwdmanUo EH$Ì H $amd§. EH$ Vo XrS> Vmg H$m§Xm, AYm© M'Mm 'ñQ>S >© noQ>,

{'«$O'ܶo R>odyZ W§S> Pmë¶mda gìh© H$amd§.

EH$m qb~mMm ag, 'rR> MdrZwgma. ^

S>oPQ>© Am°a|O Am{U gm{hË` : XmoZ M'Mo 'Y, H¥$Vr : Am§ã¶mMm ag H$mTy>Z {'³ga'ܶo KmbyZ EH$X' hbH$
XmoZ H$n Am°a§oO H$ê$Z ¿¶mdm. Vmo ZrQ> JmiyZ ¿¶mdm.

Á¶yg, VrZ 'moR>o Am§~o,

‘±Jmo gyn XrS> dmQ>r VmH$, Mma ¶m agmV VmH$ Am{U Am°a|O Á¶yg, 'Y Q>mHy$Z ZrQ> {'giyZ ¿¶mdm. Oa

nmH$ù¶m nw {XZm, AYm© hm ag Iyn KÅ> Agm dmQ>bm Va ˶mV AmUIr VmH$ KmbyZ WmoS>m

M'Mm qb~y ag. nmVi H$amdm. hm {'«$O'ܶo XmoZ {Xdgm§n¶aV Mm§Jbm

amhVmo. gd© H$aʶmÀ¶m AJmoXa ¶mV nwXrZm Am{U qb~y Á¶yg

Q>mHy$Z gìh© H$amd§. ho CÝhmù¶mV A{Ve¶ Mm§Jb§ Ag§ gyn Amho.

¶m gd© gyßgZm H$moëS> gynhr åhQ>b§ OmV§.

Machine Translated by Google

Am§~m åhQ>bm H$s '$3V AmR>dV§ Vo Oodë¶mda W§S>Jma Am§ã¶mÀ¶m '$moS>r Am{U ˶mda ìh°{Zbm

AmBpñH« $'. nU AmVm Am§~m hm doJù¶mdoJù¶m àH$maÀ¶m S>ogQ>©'ܶo {XgyZ ¶oVmo. Am§~m ho Ag§ ‘±Jmo gm{hË` : EH$ dmQ>r

gmIa, VrZ My Mother H¥$Vr : gmIa Am{U Am§ã¶mMm Á¶yg EH$Ì H$ê$Z {‘³ga‘YyZ
'$i Amho, H$s Vo bhmZ 'wbm§nmgyZ 'moR>çm§n¶aV gJù¶m§ZmM {චbhmZ 'wbm§Zm Va Hw$R>ë¶mhr
(˶mMm Á¶yg ZrQ> {‘³g H$ê$Z ¿¶mdm. ˶m {‘lUmV, ’o$Q>bob§ H«$s‘ ZrQ> {‘gidyZ
àH$mao Am§ã¶mMo àH$ma AmdS>VmV. Am§~m Amnë¶m ^maVmV ¶mM '{hݶmV åhUOo E{àb-'oÀ¶m AmBñH«$s‘
H$mT>bobm), AYm© {bQ>a ¿¶md§. ˶mV qb~y Á¶yg Q>mHy$Z naV EH$Xm ZrQ> {‘gidyZ ¿¶md§.
Xaå¶mZ OmñV {XgVmo. nU OJ^amV Am§~m ~mamhr '{hZo {'iV AgVmo. ˶mMr Md nU ˶mMà'mUo ~XbV
H«$s', EH$ qb~y Á¶yg.
OmVo. to Ago Am§~o S>oPQ>©'ܶo N>mZ bmJVmV. hëbr He '±Jmo with Amnë¶mH$S>o CnbãY Amho. ho gd© {'lU AmBñH«$s' '{eZ'ܶo Q>mHy$Z, OmS>ga hmoB©n¶ªV {'³g
˶m'wio Vwåhr gd© H$mhr ~mam '{hZo H$ê$ eH$Vm, nU Vwåhmbm aËZm{Jar hmnyg Am§ã¶mMr Md 'mÌ H$amd§. Z§Va {'«$Oa'ܶo R>odmd§. nmM Vo ghm Vmgm§Zr H$mTy>Z naV {'³g

Zmhr {'iUma. AmO Á¶m ao{gnrO 'r XoV Amho ˶mV Am§~m hm gd© àH$maÀ¶m S>ogQ>©'ܶo H$gm H$amd§ Am{U bJoM naV {'«$Oa'ܶo R>odmd§. Ag§ XmoZ Vo VrZ doim H$amd§.

dmnamdm Vg§M ˶m ao{gnrO Iyn gmoß ¶m Am{U gmܶm AmhoV, Á¶m gJù¶m§Zm H$aVm ¶oVrb. Ag§ Ho$ë¶mZo N>moQ>oN>moQ>o ~'$m©Mo VwH$S>o V¶ma hmoUma ZmhrV.

EH$ {Xdgm§Zr W§S>Jma gìh© H$amdo.

OñQ> H¥$Vr : H«$s' MrO, gmIa Am{U '±Jmo nën ZrQ>

hiwdmanUo {'giyZ Úmdm. Obo{Q>Z nmdS>a Am{U WmoS>§

W§S> nmUr (XmoZ M'Mo) {'3g H$ê$Z nmM Vo Xhm
gm{hË` : XmoZ dmQ>çm MrO

(qH$dm lrI§S>) EH$ dmQ>r

gmIa, XmoZ dmQ>çm '±Jmo nên

('«o$e), XmoZ dmQ>çm '«o$ e H«$s',

'±Jmo MrO Ho$H$

{'{ZQ>mZ§Va Ja' H$amd§ . . . . ¶m {'lUmV ZrQ> {'giyZ XmoZ 'moR>o M'Mo Obo{Q>Z EH$

¿¶md§. ˶mZ§Va WmoS>§g§ 'o$Q>bob H«$s' KmbyZ naV ZrQ> M'Mm qb~y Á¶yg.

{'giyZ ¿¶md§. ho gd© H$aVmV EH$MH$miOr ¿¶m¶Mr Vr

åhUOo Hw$R>b§hr {'lU W§S> ZH$mo. Zmhr And Obo{Q>Z

S>oPQ>© Q>mH$ë¶mda ˶mÀ¶m Vmam V¶ma hmoVrb. ho gd© {'lU

N>moQ>çm 1ÿ2bmg'ܶo AmoVyZ {'«$O'ܶo goQ>

H$amd§. W§S>Jma Am§ã¶mM§ S>oH$moaoeZ bmdyZ

gìh© H$amd§.

H¥$Vr : n{hë¶m§Xm EH$ {bQ>a XþYmV gm~wXmUm Q>mHy$Z

R>odyZ Úmdm. EH$m ^m§S>çmV '±Jmo under, H«$s'

H$ÊS>oÝg {'ëH$, gmIa Q>mHy$Z '§XJ°gda R>odmdm.

‘±Jmo AmBpñH«$‘
‘±Jmo gm~wXmUm gm{hË` : EH$ dmQ>r '±Jmo

gm{h˶ : EH$ {H$bmo ìhmBQ> nën, AYm© dmQ>r EH$ CH$ir Amë¶mda XÿY Am{U gm~wXmʶmM§ {'lU ˶mV
Ho$H$ Ira
ñn§O (Ho$H$), AYm© {H$bmo gm~wXmUm, AYm© {bQ>a Q>mHy$Z '§XJ°gda {eOdyZ ¿¶md§. gm~wXmUm {eOë¶mda
H¥$Vr: EH$ ZD$ qH$dm ghm B§MmÀ¶m Jmob ^m§S>çmV ìhmBQ> ìh°{Zbm AmBpñH«$', VrZ Vo H«$s', EH$ {bQ>a XÿY, ˶mV gd© {'3g ZQ2>g Q>mHy$Z Ja' gìh© H$amd§. hrM Ira W§S>
ñn§O (Ho$H$) H$mnyZ EH$ nmVi Agm boAa Úmdm. ˶mda ìh°{Zbm Mother 'moR>o Am§~o, AYu XmoZ M'Mo H$ ÊS>oÝg nU gìh© H$ê$ eH$VmV. nU ˶mgmR>r AYm© {bQ>a

AmBpñH«$' Q>mH$md§. ˶mM~amo~a Am§ã¶mMo 'moR>o VwH$S>o dmQ>r Am¶qgJ gmIa. {'ëH$, EH$ dmQ>r gmIa, EH$ H«$s'À¶m EodOr EH$ brQ>a H«$s' dmnamd§. H$maU {'«$O'ܶo

gmobbobo Q>mHy$Z ZrQ> Xm~yZ ¿¶mdoV ˶mda Xþgam ñn§O dmQ>r {'3g ZQ2>g (H$mOy, R>odë¶mda gm~wXmʶmV ñQ>mg© AgVmo Vmo OmXm
(Ho$H$)Mm boAa Úmdm, ¶mbm Mm§Jbm Xm~yZ '«$sOa'ܶo W§S> ~Xm', {nñVm, 'ZwH$m). goQ> hmoVmo. ¶mgmR>r Ira WmoS>r nmVi Agmdr.

H$am¶bm R>odyZ Úmdm. Z§Va gives H$am¶À¶m doiobm H$mnyZ

bJoM gives H$amd§.
Machine Translated by Google

lmdU åhQ>bm H$s Cndmg, nyOm-AMm© Ambr. ¶m {Xdgm§V OodUmMm 'oݶyhr ~XbVmo, Zm°ZìhoO ~§X hmoV§.
AmfmT>r EH$mXer, lmdUr gmo'dma-e{Zdma Ag§ gJi§ Amb§M. ¶m {Xder ~aoO OU Cndmg H$aVmV. haVm{bHo$À¶m Cndmgmbm gm{hË` : 1 dmQ>r gmIa, 2 dmQ>çm

H¥$Vr : gm~wXmUm {^OV Kmbmdm. EH$m ^m§S>çmV {^Obobm gm~wXmUm, 1/2 gm~wXmʶmMr
ZwgV§ XÿY Am{U '$i§ ImVmV. nU CVa˶md¶mV Cndmg H$aU§ ÌmgXm¶H$ hmoV§. S>m¶~rQ>rg Am{U ãbS> àoea AgUmè¶m§Zr
XÿY, gmIa Am{U Om¶'$i Q>mHy$Z CH$idmd§. ˶mV dmQ>r H«$s' (Zgob Va XÿYhr
Cndmg H$amdoV. nU, CndmgmMo nXmW© ImD$ZM Cndmg H$amdoV. H$maU nmoQ>mV H$mhr Zgë¶mg ˶mMm n[aUm' Z§Va Ira
{^Obobm gm~wXmUm Q>mHy$Z Omon¶ªV OmS>ga hmoV Mmbob) 1/2 M'Mm Om¶'$i , 2
OmUdVmo. {nÎm dmT>V§ åhUyZ S>m°3Q>a gm§JVmV, H$s CndmgmÀ¶m {Xder ZrQ> ImD$Z Cndmg H$amdm. And do H$m¶ Imd§ hm Zmhr Vmon¶ªV '§XJ°g da R>odmd§. eodQ>r Amoë¶m dmQ>çm {'3g '«y$Q> (Vwåhmbm Or
àíZ nS>Vmo. aVmi§, Ho$ir Am{U gJù¶mV gmon§ åhUOo gm~wXmUm, gm~wXmUm CndmgmV AmdOy©Z ImVmV Am{UH$am¶bmhr ZmaimMm Md ˶mV Q>mH$mdm. Ira V¶ma Pmë¶mda '$i§ AmdS>VmV Vr) 5 dmQ>çm
gmonm Agm Amho. ˶m'wio AmO H$mhr aogrnrO 'r gm~wXmUm~Ôb XoV Amho. gmܶmgmo߶m Aem aogrnrO Xa EH$m ~mD$b'ܶo {'³g '«y$Q> R>odyZ ˶mda Ira XÿY, 1 dmQ>r Amoë¶m ZmaimMm
Q>mHy$Z gìh© H$amd§. ({'³g '«y$Q> gmYmaUV Md.

Cndmgmbm EH$ EH$ H$ê$Z ~Km. Ho$ir, {MHy$, Am§~m, AZZg ¿¶mdm) hr '$i§

gm~wXmʶm~amo~a Mm§Jbr bmJVmV.

gm~wXmʶmMr {IMS>r gd© OU H$aVmV. KaÀ¶m J¥{hUtZr Ho$bobr {IMS>r H$moU˶m hm°Q>ob'ܶo {'iUma Zmhr. nU H$mhr

OUm§Zm {IMS>r ~amo~a ~ZdVm ¶oV Zmhr. ¶mM§ JwnrV åhUOo gm~wXmUm ZrQ> {^OdU§. Oa Vmo ZrQ> {^Obm Zmhr, Va H$S>H$

hmoVmo Am{U OmñV {^Obm Va {IMS>r 'D$ Am{U {MH$Q> hmoVo. gm~wXmUm nmʶmV 2 Vo 3 Vmg R>odmdm Am{U gd© nmUr

H$mTy>Z Q>mH$md§. ˶mda Q>m°dob R>odyZ Úm Am{U 'J Vmo gm~wXmUm

dmnamdm.

gm{hË` : 1 dmQ>r
gm~wXmUm
{^OdyZ R>odbobm H¥$Vr : gm~wXmUm VwnmV ViyZ ¿¶mdm. EH$m nonada R>odmdm åhUOo
gm~wXmUm, 2 dmQ>r OmñVrM§ Vwn {ZKyZ OmB©b. gmIaoM§ nmUr Q>mHy$Z EH$ dmQ>r nmH$
bmSy>

lmdU
gmIa, 1 H$n nmUr, 1/2 H$amdm. (Vibobm gm~wXmUm H$S>H$ ~w§XrgmaIm hmoVmo) ¶mV gm~wXmUm
qb~y, 1/2 M‘Mm dobMr dobMr nmdS>a, H$mOy VwH$S>m Q>mHy$ZH$S>H$ ~w§Xrà' mUo bmSy>
nmdS>a, 1/2 dmQ>r ~ZdmdoV. gmIaoMm nmH$ H$amdm. qb~y Á¶yg Q>mH$mdm åhUOo nmH$

H$mOy VwH$S>m qH$dm Mm§Jbm hmoVmo. gmIaoEodOr {M3H$sMm Jyihr dmnê$ eH$Vm. hoM EH$m
~Xm‘. namVrV Wmnm. ˶mÀ¶m {MH$sgma»¶m dS>çmhr nmS>Vm ¶oVrb.

ñnoeb
gm~wXmUm
H¥$Vr: {^Obobm gm~wXmUm WmoS>çm VwnmV naVdm. ˶mV gm{h˶ : 2 dm

gm~wXmUm, 1/2 dm Vyn, 1

{IMS>r
MdrZwgma 'rR> Q>mH$m. åhUOo Vmo 'moH$im hmoB©b. Og§
AmnU {MdS>çmgmR>r nmoho ViVmo Vgo. Z§Va ˶mVM e| dmQ>re|JXmUo, gwH§$

JXmʶmMm Hy$Q>, gwH§$ Imo~a§ (~marH$ H$mnr), {VIQ>, Imo~a§ 1 dm, 2 M'Mo {VIQ>,

'rR> KmbyZ WmoS>m naVdyZ ¿¶m. Xþgè¶m ^m§S>çmV 2 dmQ>çm ~Q>mQ>çmMm {H$g

~Q>mQ>çmMm {H$g Vwnmda ^mOyZ gm~wXmʶmV dmidbobm, 1 dmQ>r ~oXmUo.

Q>mH$mdm Am{U EH$Ì H$amd§. W§S> Pmë¶mda S>ã¶mV ^ê$Z R>odmdm.

CndmgmÀ¶m {Xder Am°{'$g'ܶob§MgmR>r CÎm'.

Machine Translated by Google

gm{hË` : 2 dmQ>r gm~wXmUm,

gm~wXmUm gwaU 4 Or 5 ~Q>mQ>o dm'$dbobo H¥$Vr : dm'$dbobo ~Q>mQ>o {H$gyZ ¿¶mdoV.

('ܶ' ~marH$ {H$gbobo,) ˶mV {^Obobm gm~wXmUm Q>mHy$Z 'iyZ ¿¶m.
WmbrnrR> 1/2 M'Mm {Oa§, 1 M'Mm {VIQ>, ˶mV {VIQ>, 'rR>, {Oa§ Am{U e|JXmʶmMm

1/2 dmQ>re| Hy$Q> Q>mHy$Z 'iyZ ¿¶m. ¶mMr N>moQ>r

JXmʶmMm Hy$Q>, 'rR> WmbrnrR>§ H$ê$Z Vwnmda ^mOmdr. hr
MdrZwgma. WmbrnrR> Hw$aHw$arV bmJVmV. gm~wXmUm
{'3ga'ܶo ~marH$ H$ê$Z KoVbm Am{U

~Q>mQ>m {'3g Ho$bm, And H$moUmbm

H$iUmahr Zmhr H$s, ˶mV gm~wXmUm Amho Vo

{VIQ>mEodOr {hadr {'aMrhr Q>mHy$ eH$Vm.

gm~wXmʶmMr
gm{hË` : 2 dmQ>çm

gm~wXmUm, 1 H¥$Vr : EH$m ^m§S>çmV Vyn Q>mHy$Z naVdyZ ¿¶md§. {IMS>r

dmQ>re|JXmʶmMm Hy$Q>, Z§Va {^Obobm gm~wXmUm ˶mda Q>mHy$Z ZrQ>
4 Vo 5 {haì¶m {'aÀ¶m, 2 Vo hbdyZ ¿¶m Am{U '§XJ°gda PmH$U R>odyZ WmoS>m
3 ~Q>mQ>o (CH $Sy>Z dm'$dyZ ¿¶mdm. ˶mV eodQ>r 2 M'Mo Xhr Am{U gmIa
˶mÀ¶m '$moS>r) 2 M'Mo Q>mHy$Z Ja'mJa' gìh© H$am.
Xhr, 1 M'Mm gmIa,

'rR> MdrZwgma, gm~wXmUm

1 Vo 1/2 Vmg nmʶmV

{^OdyZ YwdyZ R> odmdm.

gm{hË` : 2 dmQ>r
gm~wXmUm ^Or
gm~wXmUm, 4 Vo 5 {hadr H¥$Vr : gm~wXmUm XhçmV {^OV Kmbmdm. ˶mV
{'aMr (~marH$ H$mnbo- ~marH$ {'aMr, 'rR> Q>mH$mdr. WmoS>m'$ma {MH$Q> Agmdm

br), 1/2 dmQ>r Xhr, 'rR> Vmon¶aV gm~wXmUm {^OV Kmbmdm. 'J ˶mMr ^Or
MdrZwgma. VwnmV Vimdr. hr ^Or Mhm~amo~a gìh© H$amdr. ¶m
aogrnr'ܶo gm~wXmUm XhçmV OmñVrVOmñV {^Odmdm
åhUOo ^Or Hw$aHw$arV Am{U AmVyZ Za' hmoVo.