Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Test de Inteligencia Emocional - Mayer&Salovey-desbloqueado
Test de Inteligencia Emocional - Mayer&Salovey-desbloqueado
ISSN: 0329-5885
anuario@psi.uba.ar
Universidad de Buenos Aires
Argentina
Mikulic,, Isabel M.; Caballero, Romina Y.; Crespi, Melina C.; Radusky, Pablo D.
ADAPTACIÓN ARGENTINA DEL TEST DE INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL DE MAYER-
SALOVEY-CARUSO (MSCEIT V 2.0)
Anuario de Investigaciones, vol. XX, 2013, pp. 377-386
Universidad de Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires, Argentina
G H I J K H L W X I Y G W Z Y
(OFRQVWUXFWR,QWHOLJHQFLD(PRFLRQDOHVGH¿QLGRGHVGHHO (PRWLRQDO,QWHOOLJHQFHFDQEHGH¿QHGIURPDPRGHORI
PRGHORGHKDELOLGDGHVFRPRODFDSDFLGDGGHFRQWURODU\ VNLOOVDVWKHDELOLW\WRFRQWURODQGUHJXODWHRQH¶VHPRWLRQV
UHJXODUORVVHQWLPLHQWRVGHXQRPLVPR\GHORVGHPiV\ DQGWKRVHRIRWKHUSHRSOHDQGXVHWKHPDVDJXLGHIRU
XWLOL]DUORVFRPRJXtDGHOSHQVDPLHQWR\ODDFFLyQ 0D\HU WKRXJKWDQGDFWLRQ 0D\HU 6DORYH\ 7KHSXUSRVH
6DORYH\ (OREMHWLYRGHpVWDLQYHVWLJDFLyQIXH RIWKLVVWXG\ZDVWRWUDQVODWHDQGDGDSWWKH06&(,7
WUDGXFLU \ DGDSWDU DO LGLRPD FDVWHOODQR HO 06&(,7 0D\HU6DORYH\ &DUXVR WRWKH6SDQLVKODQJXDJH
0D\HU 6DORYH\ &DUXVR /D DGDSWDFLyQ GH OD DVVSRNHQLQ$UJHQWLQD7KHDGDSWDWLRQRIWKLVWHVWZDV
SUXHEDVLJXLyORVOLQHDPLHQWRVGHOD&RPLVLyQ,QWHUQDFLR FDUULHGRXWIROORZLQJWKH,QWHUQDWLRQDO7HVWV&RPPLVVLRQ
QDOGH7HVWV +DPEOHWRQ /DVPXHVWUDVXWLOL]DGDV *XLGHOLQHV +DPEOHWRQ 7ZRVDPSOHVRISDUWLFLSDQWV
IXHURQSREODFLyQJHQHUDO Q \H[SHUWRVHQSVLFRPH ZHUHVHOHFWHGJHQHUDOSRSXODWLRQ Q DQGH[SHUWVLQ
WUtD Q 6HUHSOLFDURQORVUHVXOWDGRVREWHQLGRVHQOD SV\FKRPHWULFV Q 7KHUHVXOWVREWDLQHGLQWKHRULJLQDO
YHUVLyQRULJLQDOGHODSUXHEDHOJUDGRGHFRQFRUGDQFLDHQ YHUVLRQRIWKHWHVWZHUHUHSOLFDWHGWKHOHYHORIDJUHHPHQW
ORVSXQWDMHVGHO06&(,7IXHPiVDOWRHQWUHORVH[SHUWRV ZDVKLJKHUDPRQJH[SHUWVWKDQLQJHQHUDOSRSXODWLRQ$
TXHHQODSREODFLyQJHQHUDO6HREWXYRXQDOWRtQGLFHGH KLJKOLDELOLW\LQGH[ZDVREWDLQHG U IRUWKH06&(,7
FRQ¿DELOLGDG U SDUDHOSXQWDMHWRWDOGHO06&(,7 WRWDO VFRUH 5HVXOWV DUH GLVFXVVHG LQ UHODWLRQ WR WKRVH
6H GLVFXWHQ ORV UHVXOWDGRV REWHQLGRV HQ UHODFLyQ D ORV LQIRUPHGIRUWKHRULJLQDOWHVW
UHSRUWDGRVHQODSUXHEDRULJLQDO
.H\ZRUGV
V
(PRWLRQDO,QWHOOLJHQFH06&(,7$GDSWDWLRQ
M N O N P Q N R S O N T U V
,QWHOLJHQFLDHPRFLRQDO06&(,7$GDSWDFLyQ
3URI7LWXODU5HJXODU7HRUtD\7pFQLFDVGH([SORUDFLyQ\'LDJQyVWLFR0yGXOR,&iWHGUD,'LUHFWRUDGHO3UR\HFWR8%$&\73
! " " # ! " $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . + ) / - 0 1 2 3 / - 3 ) 0 , 4 5 + 6 - , - + ) / - 0 7 8 0 , - 9 0 9 9 + : - 9 0 & 1 6 * ; 9 - 3 9 + , 3 6 0 6 < + / * 3 6 < 6 - / 3 6 3 / - 0 , + 6 7 9 - = + > + ) / - 0 , + 6 9 + , 0 6 8 3 2 < + * + ) / - 0 6
6RFLRHPRFLRQDOHVHQFRQWH[WRVQDWXUDOHV´(PDLOPLNXOLF#SVLXEDDU
/LFHQ3VLFRORJtD0LHPEURGH3UR\HFWR8%$&\7&RD\XGDQWH7HRUtD\7pFQLFDVGH([SORUDFLyQ\'LDJQyVWLFR0yGXOR,&iWHGUD,
?
$GMXQWD,QWHULQD7HRUtD\7pFQLFDVGH([SORUDFLyQ\'LDJQyVWLFR0yGXOR,&iWHGUD,%HFDULD3RVGRFWRUDO&21,&(70LHPEURGH3UR\HFWR
@
8 7 D E
A B C
/LFHQ3VLFRORJtD0LHPEURGH3UR\HFWR8%$&\7'RFHQWHGH7HRUtD\7pFQLFDVGH([SORUDFLyQ\'LDJQyVWLFR0yGXOR,&iWHGUD,
F
\XWLOL]DUORVFRPRJXtDGHOSHQVDPLHQWR\ODDFFLyQ 0D\HU
[ L Y G \ ] J Z Z [ ^ L
TXHHYDOXDEDDV HPRFLRQDO
_ N ` U O a b c d e f g e c h f i i j k l c m g n a f f k o
WRLQIRUPHVFRPRHO7006FRQOOHYDEDODGL¿FXOWDGGHTXH
ORV SXQWDMHV IXHUDQ DIHFWDGRV SRU ORV SURSLRV VHVJRV
~ c b e d l d c w e g u
SHUFHSWLYRVGHOLQGLYLGXR$VLPLVPRRWUDOLPLWDFLyQUDGL 6HVHOHFFLRQDURQGRVPXHVWUDVLQWHQFLRQDOHVFRQIRUPD
FDEDHQODSRVLEOHWHQGHQFLDDIDOVHDUODVUHSXHVWDVSDUD GDVSRU
RIUHFHUXQDLPDJHQPiVSRVLWLYDGHVtPLVPR 3DXOKXV D SDUWLFLSDQWHVGHSREODFLyQJHQHUDOPXMHUHV
5HLG3DXOKXV -RKQ \KRPEUHVFX\DVHGDGHVHVWDEDQFRPSUHQGLGDV
3RUWDOPRWLYRFRQHO¿QGHVXSHUDUPXFKRVGHORVLQFRQ HQWUHORV\DxRV 0 6' (OWHQtD
YHQLHQWHV TXH SUHVHQWDEDQ ORV DXWRLQIRUPHV 0D\HU HW HVWXGLRVSULPDULRVLQFRPSOHWRVHOHVWXGLRVSULPD
DO HODERUDURQXQDPHGLGDGHLQWHOLJHQFLDHPRFLR ULRVFRPSOHWRVHOHVWXGLRVVHFXQGDULRVLQFRPSOH
WRV\HOHVWXGLRVVHFXQGDULRVFRPSOHWRV/RVFULWH
N O P N R N _ N U O N U T N O q N S r s _ U S N t N S r _ N _ U R V U O a g u e j g
p p p
06&(,7 (VWHLQVWUXPHQWR ULRV GH LQFOXVLyQ GH OD PXHVWUD GH SREODFLyQ JHQHUDO
v w e g m d x g w l d c y z i l d i w c m
VHXWLOL]DHQHO06&(,7HVWiEDVDGRHQHOFRQVHQVR (O06&(,7HVXQWHVWGHKDELOLGDGTXHHYDO~DDWUDYpV
GH UHVSXHVWDV GH JUXSRV GH H[SHUWRV HV VXPDPHQWH GHRFKRWDUHDVODVFXDWURUDPDVGHOPRGHORGH,QWHOLJHQ
LPSRUWDQWHGLVSRQHUGHXQPpWRGRGHFRQVHQVRGHH[SHU FLD(PRFLRQDOHQWHQGLGDFRPRKDELOLGDGSURSXHVWRSRU
WRUHSUHVHQWDWLYRGHODSREODFLyQSDUDODTXHVHSUHWHQGH 0D\HU\6DORYH\ (VWiFRPSXHVWRSRUtWHPV
ODDSOLFDFLyQGHOWHVW FRQWHQLGRVHQRFKRVHFFLRQHVGLIHUHQWHV&DGDXQDGHODV
3RUWDOHVPRWLYRVVHKDUHDOL]DGRHOSURFHVRGHDGDSWD FXDWURKDELOLGDGHVVRQHYDOXDGDVDWUDYpVGHGRVWDUHDV
FLyQGHO06&(,7DQXHVWURPHGLRD¿QGHSRGHUGLV 3HUFHSFLyQHPRFLRQDO6HFFLyQ$ SHUFHSFLyQGHHPR
SRQHUGHXQLQVWUXPHQWRYDOLGDGRHFROyJLFDPHQWH\DGDS FLRQHVHQFDUDV \VHFFLyQ( SHUFHSFLyQGHHPRFLRQHV
WDGRDODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHOFRQWH[WRHVSHFt¿FRHQHOTXH HQ LPiJHQHV )DFLOLWDFLyQ R DVLPLODFLyQ HPRFLRQDO
VHSURSRQHODLQYHVWLJDFLyQ 6HFFLyQ % WDUHD GH IDFLOLWDFLyQ \ VHFFLyQ ) WDUHD GH
/DUHOHYDQFLDGHOHVWXGLRHIHFWXDGRUDGLFDDVLPLVPRHQ VHQVDFLRQHV &RPSUHQVLyQ HPRFLRQDO 6HFFLyQ &
ODQHFHVLGDGGHSRGHUDYDQ]DUHQWRUQRDODVLQYHVWLJDFLR WDUHD GH FDPELRV R WUDQVIRUPDFLRQHV HPRFLRQDOHV \
QHVVREUHOD,(HQGLYHUVRViPELWRVGHDSOLFDFLyQGHOD VHFFLyQ* WDUHDGHFRPELQDFLyQGHHPRFLRQHV 0D
3VLFRORJtD D WUDYpV GHO XVR GH LQVWUXPHQWRV YiOLGRV \ QHMRHPRFLRQDO6HFFLyQ' WDUHDGHPDQHMRHPRFLRQDO
FRQ¿DEOHV \VHFFLyQ+ WDUHDGHUHODFLRQHVHPRFLRQDOHV
/DSHUFHSFLyQGHODVHPRFLRQHVVHHYDO~DPHGLDQWHOD
SUHVHQWDFLyQGHIRWRJUDItDVGHXQDSHUVRQD\SLGLHQGR
\ X { H Y [ | \ I
3UHVHQWDUODDGDSWDFLyQUHDOL]DGDGHO7HVWGH,QWHOLJHQ TXHVHHVWLPHHOQLYHOGHWULVWH]DIHOLFLGDGPLHGRHWF
FLDGH0D\HU6DORYH\&DUXVR 06&(,7 WRPDQGR H[SUHVDGRSRUHOURVWURIRWRJUD¿DGR(OFRPSRQHQWHGH
HQFRQVLGHUDFLyQODPHWRGRORJtDSURSXHVWDSRUOD&RPL IDFLOLWDFLyQHPRFLRQDOVHPLGHVROLFLWDQGRDOVXMHWRTXH
VLyQ,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH7HVW ,QWHUQDFLRQDO7HVWV&RPLVLyQ LQGLTXH HQ TXp JUDGR GHWHUPLQDGRV HVWDGRV GH iQLPR
,7& FRQHO¿QGHREWHQHUXQDYHUVLyQDGDSWDGDFRQJD FRPRHODEXUULPLHQWRRODIHOLFLGDGSXHGHQVHU~WLOHVSDUD
UDQWtDVFLHQWt¿FDVVX¿FLHQWHVSDUDSRVWHULRUHVFRPSDUD UHDOL]DUFLHUWDVDFWLYLGDGHVFRPRSRUHMHPSORSODQHDU
FLRQHVWUDQVFXOWXUDOHVHQORVHVWXGLRVVREUHLQWHOLJHQFLD XQD¿HVWDGHFXPSOHDxRV/DVHFFLyQGHOWHVWGHGLFDGDD
ODFRPSUHQVLyQGHODVHPRFLRQHVLQFOX\HHQWUDGDVHQODV YHUJHQFLDGHORVPLVPRVGDGRTXHXQSUREOHPDLQKHUHQ
TXHORVSDUWLFLSDQWHVGHEHQFRPSOHWDUIUDVHVTXHHYDO~DQ WHDOXVRGHODVPHGLGDVGHKDELOLGDGSDUDHYDOXDUOD,(
VXFRQRFLPLHQWRVREUHHOYRFDEXODULRUHODFLRQDGRFRQODV HVWiUHODFLRQDGRFRQODGL¿FXOWDGSDUDFRQRFHUODLGRQHL
HPRFLRQHV\VREUHODHYROXFLyQ\FDPELRGHpVWDV(QOD GDGGHODVUHVSXHVWDVGDGDVHVGHFLUFyPRVDEHUTXHOD
VHFFLyQGHOWHVWTXHHYDO~DHOFXDUWRFRPSRQHQWHHOFRQ UHVSXHVWD GH XQ LQGLYLGXR D XQ tWHP HV FRUUHFWD R QR
WUROGHODVHPRFLRQHVVHSUHVHQWDQDORVSDUWLFLSDQWHV &RPRVHxDODQ([WUHPHUD\)HUQiQGH]%HUURFDO HQ
VLWXDFLRQHVGHODYLGDUHDO/RVVXMHWRVGHEHQHVFRJHUGH ORVWHVWVGHLQWHOLJHQFLDJHQHUDO\HQSDUWLFXODUHQORVGH
HQWUHGLYHUVDVRSFLRQHVODPHMRUHVWUDWHJLDSDUDFRQWURODU UD]RQDPLHQWR OyJLFR \ PDWHPiWLFR QRUPDOPHQWH H[LVWH
ODVHPRFLRQHVTXHKDVXVFLWDGRODVLWXDFLyQSODQWHDGD XQD~QLFDUHVSXHVWDFRUUHFWD&RQWUDULDPHQWHHQODHYD
6DORYH\ *UHZDO OXDFLyQGHRWURWLSRGHKDELOLGDGHVFRPRODVVRFLDOHVR
&DGDXQDGHODVWDUHDVGHO06&(,7VHFRPSRQHGH HPRFLRQDOHV ODV UHVSXHVWDV FRUUHFWDV D XQD VLWXDFLyQ
XQ Q~PHUR GH tWHPV SDUFHOV R tWHPV LQGLYLGXDOHV 8QD SXHGHQVHUYDULDVRSUHVHQWDUGLVWLQWRVJUDGRVGHLGRQHL
HVWUXFWXUDSDUFHORFXUUHSRUHMHPSORFXDQGRDOSDUWLFL GDG(QHVWRVFDVRVFRQVLGHUDUFRUUHFWDXQDXRWUDHOHF
SDQWHVHOHPXHVWUDXQURVWUR HQODWDUHDGHFDUDV \VH FLyQGHSHQGHGHGLYHUVRVIDFWRUHVFRPRHOFRQWH[WRODV
OHSUHJXQWDVREUHGLIHUHQWHVHPRFLRQHVTXHSXHGHSHUFL YDULDEOHVLQWHUSHUVRQDOHVHQWUHRWURV)UHQWHDHVWHWLSR
ELUHQHOPLVPRHQtWHPVSRVWHULRUHV/RVtWHPVFRQ GHSUREOHPDVVHXWLOL]DQGLIHUHQWHVFULWHULRVGHFRUUHFFLyQ
IRUPDQXQtWHPSDUFHOSRUTXHHOORVHVWiQUHODFLRQDGRVD GHODVUHVSXHVWDVFRPRVRQORVPpWRGRVFRQVHQVRJHQH
OD PLVPD FDUD DXQTXH FDGD XQR SUHJXQWD VREUH XQD UDO\FRQVHQVRH[SHUWRSURSXHVWRVHQHO06&(,75HVXOWD
HPRFLyQGLIHUHQWH &DWWHOO %XUGVDO 2WURVtWHPV UHOHYDQWHHQWDOVHQWLGRSRGHUHVWDEOHFHUVLHOFULWHULRGH
LQYROXFUDQ XQD UHVSXHVWD SRU HVWtPXOR \ VRQ HQ HVH H[SHUWRV\HOGHSREODFLyQJHQHUDOSDUDODVUHVSXHVWDV
VHQWLGRLQGHSHQGLHQWHV FRUUHFWDV FRQFXHUGDQ R HQ RWURV WpUPLQRV FRQRFHU HO
/RVIRUPDWRVGHUHVSXHVWDIXHURQYDULDQGRDWUDYpVGHODV JUDGRGHFRQYHUJHQFLDTXHH[LVWHHQWUHDPERVFULWHULRV
WDUHDVLQWHQFLRQDOPHQWHGHPDQHUDGHDVHJXUDUTXHORV
UHVXOWDGRVVHSXGLHUDQJHQHUDOL]DUDWUDYpVGHORVPpWR
~ b i l g j d z d g w e i
GRVGHUHVSXHVWD\UHGXFLUORVHUURUHVHQODVPHGLGDVGH /DDGDSWDFLyQDUJHQWLQDGHO06&(,7VLJXLyORVOLQHD
FRUUHODFLyQ$VtDOJXQDVWDUHDVFRPRODVGHIRWRV 6HF PLHQWRVSURSXHVWRVSRUOD&RPLVLyQ,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH7HVW
FLyQ$ XWLOL]DURQXQDFODVL¿FDFLyQGHSXQWRVPLHQWUDV ,7& SDUDORFXDOVHFRQWHPSODURQODVVLJXLHQWHVHWDSDV
TXHRWUDVFRPRODVGHFRPELQDFLRQHV 6HFFLyQ* XVDURQ 7UDGXFFLyQFXDWURWUDGXFWRUHVELOLQJHVUHDOL]DURQXQD
XQIRUPDWRGHUHVSXHVWDP~OWLSOHFKRLFH HM$FHSWDFLyQ WUDGXFFLyQGHOLQVWUXPHQWRRULJLQDOGHPRGRLQGHSHQGLHQ
DOHJUtD\FDOLGH]DPHQXGRVHFRPELQDQSDUDIRUPDUD WH(VWDVFXDWURWUDGXFFLRQHVIXHURQUHDOL]DGDVGHDFXHU
$PRU E $VRPEUR F $QWLFLSDFLyQ G 6DWLVIDFFLyQ H GRDODPHWRGRORJtDGHWUDGXFFLyQGLUHFWDRIRUZDUGWUDQV
$FHSWDFLyQ ODWLRQ GHO LGLRPD LQJOpV DO FDVWHOODQR KDEODGR HQ
(OWHVW06&(,7SURSRUFLRQDXQDSXQWXDFLyQWRWDOGH $UJHQWLQD +DPEOHWRQ
,(GRVSXQWXDFLRQHVUHIHULGDVDODViUHDVH[SHULHQFLDO\ (TXLYDOHQFLDVFRQFHSWXDOHVODVFXDWURYHUVLRQHVRE
HVWUDWpJLFDFXDWURSXQWXDFLRQHVFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHVDODV WHQLGDVIXHURQHYDOXDGDVSRUXQMXUDGRFRQIRUPDGRSRU
FXDWURKDELOLGDGHVGHOPRGHOR 3HUFHSFLyQ)DFLOLWDFLyQ FXDWURMXHFHVELOLQJHV&DGDXQRGHORVPLHPEURVGHO
&RPSUHQVLyQ\0DQHMR(PRFLRQDO \RFKRSXQWXDFLRQHV MXUDGRHQIRUPDLQGHSHQGLHQWHFRPSDUyODLGRQHLGDGGH
UHIHUHQWHVDODVGLIHUHQWHVVXEHVFDODV &DUDV,PiJHQHV ODDGDSWDFLyQ GHOLQJOpVDOFDVWHOODQR GHFDGDXQRGHORV
)DFLOLWDFLyQ 6HQVDFLRQHV &DPELRV &RPELQDFLRQHV tWHPV3DUDFDGDXQRGHORVUHDFWLYRVVHOHVSUHVHQWyD
0DQHMR\5HODFLRQHV(PRFLRQDOHV ORVMXHFHVODYHUVLyQRULJLQDO\ODDGDSWDGDVROLFLWiQGROHV
/DV SXQWXDFLRQHV VH REWLHQHQ PHGLDQWH GRV PpWRGRV TXHHYDOXDUDQODHTXLYDOHQFLDGHORVtWHPVFRQVLGHUDQGR
0D\HUHWDO XQDHVFDODGHFXDWURSXQWRVFX\RVYDORUHVIXHURQLGpQ
, 0pWRGR FRQVHQVR JHQHUDO D WUDYpV GH HVWH SURFHGL WLFREDVWDQWHVLPLODUEDVWDQWHGLIHUHQWH\GLIHUHQWH
PLHQWRVHFRQVLGHUDODUHVSXHVWDLQGLYLGXDOGHFDGDVXMH /RVUHVXOWDGRVREWHQLGRVIXHURQDQDOL]DGRVXWLOL]DQGRHO
WRFRQWUDODSURSRUFLyQGHUHVSXHVWDVGDGDVSRUODPXHV VRIWZDUH636696HREWXYLHURQORVSRUFHQWDMHVGH
WUD JHQHUDO SDUD FDGD tWHP 3RU HMHPSOR VL XQ VXMHWR DFXHUGRHQWUHORVGLVWLQWRVPLHPEURVGHOMXUDGRSDUDFDGD
LQGLFDTXHOD³IHOLFLGDG´GHXQURVWURHV³H[WUHPD´\HVD tWHP6HVHOHFFLRQDURQORVUHDFWLYRVTXHWHQtDQXQSRU
PLVPDDOWHUQDWLYDIXHHOHJLGDSRUHOGHODPXHVWUD FHQWDMHVXSHULRUDOGHDFXHUGRHQODFDWHJRUtD³LGpQ
DOSXQWDMHLQGLYLGXDOGHHVHVXMHWRVHDGLFLRQDODSURSRU WLFR´/XHJRGRVLQWHJUDQWHVGHOHTXLSRGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQ
FLyQ/DSXQWXDFLyQEUXWDWRWDOHVODVXPDGHWRGRV UHDOL]DURQXQDUHYLVLyQGHORVtWHPVFRQÀLFWLYRVWHQLHQGR
HVRVSXQWDMHV DORVFXDOHVVHOHVDGLFLRQyODSURSRUFLyQ HQFXHQWDODVGLIHUHQFLDVOLQJtVWLFDVTXHSRGtDQVXUJLUDO
FRUUHVSRQGLHQWH DWUDYpVGHORVtWHPV FDPELDUHOFRQWH[WRFXOWXUDOGHDSOLFDFLyQ
,,0pWRGRFRQVHQVRH[SHUWRHOSURFHGLPLHQWRHVHOPLV 3DUDYDOLGDUODDGHFXDFLyQGHOFRQWHQLGRGHORVUHDFWLYRV
PRTXHHOGHOPpWRGRFRQVHQVRJHQHUDOSHURFDGDXQD VHUHDOL]yXQDFRQVXOWDDMXHFHVH[SHUWRVTXHFRQVLVWLy
GHODVSXQWXDFLRQHVGHOLQGLYLGXRHYDOXDGRHVFRQWUDVWD HQDGPLQLVWUDUODSULPHUDYHUVLyQGHODSUXHEDDXQJUXSR
GRFRQODVSURSRUFLRQHVGHODVUHVSXHVWDVSRUSDUWHGHOD GHH[SHUWRVHQHYDOXDFLyQSVLFROyJLFD\FRQFRQRFL
PXHVWUDGHH[SHUWRV PLHQWRVWHyULFRVVREUHHPRFLRQHV/RVPLVPRVGHELHURQ
(Q UHODFLyQ D HVWRV PpWRGRV XQR GH ORV SURSyVLWRV GH GHWDOODUHQXQDSODQLOODODVREVHUYDFLRQHVHLQWHUURJDQWHV
HVWHHVWXGLRFRQVLVWHSUHFLVDPHQWHHQFRPSDUDUODFRQ TXHORVtWHPVOHVVXVFLWDUDQ)LQDOPHQWHHVDVREVHUYD
HQODUHYLVLyQGHODDGDSWDFLyQ3RUHMHPSORVHUHHPSOD
]yHOWpUPLQR³ ´FX\DWUDGXFFLyQIXH³ ´
g d x d w x u i g u c b G H I J Y W ] \ I
SRU OD SDODEUD ³FRQVLGHUDU´ GH XVR PiV IUHFXHQWH HQ $FRQWLQXDFLyQVHSUHVHQWDQORVUHVXOWDGRVREWHQLGRVDO
QXHVWURSDtV FRPSDUDUHOJUDGRGHDFXHUGRHQWUHODVUHVSXHVWDVGDGDV
(QRWURtWHPVHFDPELyHOQRPEUH³ ´SRU³5D~O´ SRUDPEDVPXHVWUDV SREODFLyQJHQHUDO\H[SHUWRV ORV
c u c j
GDGRTXHGLFKRQRPEUHQRHVXVXDOQLUHSUHVHQWDWLYRHQ SXQWDMHVGHODSREODFLyQJHQHUDOFRUUHJLGRVFRQORVGRV
QXHVWUDFXOWXUD FULWHULRVGHSXQWXDFLyQGHO06&(,7 FRQVHQVRJHQH
3UXHEDSLORWR3RU~OWLPRVHDGPLQLVWUyHO06&(,7D UDO\FRQVHQVRH[SHUWR \ORVtQGLFHVGHFRQ¿DELOLGDGGH
XQDPXHVWUDSLORWR Q GHVXMHWRVPRQROLQJHVTXHKD ODSUXHED
EODEDQHOLGLRPDDOTXHKDVLGRWUDGXFLGRHOLQVWUXPHQWR
3DUDODUHFROHFFLyQGHORVGDWRVVHFRQWDFWDURQGLVWLQWDV
w m d u d u j g m x b c j i j g c l g b j i g w e b g m c u b g u g u e c u
GHQFLDO\DQyQLPRGHORVUHVXOWDGRVDREWHQHUVH/DDGPL 6HFRUUHODFLRQDURQODVIUHFXHQFLDVGHDFXHUGRSDUDODV
QLVWUDFLyQDWUDYpVGHHQWUHYLVWDVVHPLGLULJLGDVODUHDOL]y UHVSXHVWDV tWHPV SRU UHVSXHVWDV FDGD XQR
XQPLHPEURGHOHTXLSRGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQHVSHFLDOPHQWH HQWUH ODV SXQWXDFLRQHV REWHQLGDV GH DPEDV PXHVWUDV
FDSDFLWDGRHQHOXVRGHOWHVW(OWLHPSRWRWDOGHDSOLFDFLyQ H[SHUWRV\SREODFLyQJHQHUDO SRUVHSDUDGR6HREWXYR
RVFLOyHQWUH\KRUDV XQDFRUUHODFLyQGH SLQGLFDQGRTXHDPEDV
b
6HDQDOL]DURQODVGLIHUHQFLDV\ODFRQFRUGDQFLDHQWUHODV UHVXOWDGRVWDPELpQVRQFRQJUXHQWHVFRQORVREWHQLGRV
UHVSXHVWDVLGHQWL¿FDGDVSRUORVH[SHUWRV\ODSREODFLyQ SRU0D\HUHWDO TXLHQHVHQFRQWUDURQXQYDORUPH
JHQHUDO$GHPiVVHFRPSDUDURQORVSXQWDMHVREWHQLGRV GLRGH0' 6'
SRUODSREODFLyQJHQHUDOWDQWRFRQHOFULWHULRGHSXQWXD
FLyQ H[SHUWR FRPR FRQ HO FULWHULR JHQHUDO VLJXLHQGR HO %
i w l i b j c w l d c g w e b g b g u g u e c u z i j c m g u
PLVPRSURFHGLPLHQWRXWLOL]DGRSRUORVDXWRUHVGHO06&(,7 (OtQGLFH.DSSDSDUDODVDOWHUQDWLYDVGHORVtWHPV
0D\HU HW DO 3DUD HYDOXDU OD FRQFRUGDQFLD HQWUHODVUHVSXHVWDVPRGDOHVGHORVGRVVXEJUXSRVGH
HQWUHUHVSXHVWDVVHXWLOL]yHOFRH¿FLHQWHNDSSDGH&RKHQ H[SHUWRVIXHGHț UHSUHVHQWDQGRXQH[FHOHQWHJUD
ț TXHSHUPLWHHYDOXDUHOQLYHOGHFRQFRUGDQFLDHQODV GRGHFRQFRUGDQFLD3RURWURODGRORVtQGLFHVREWHQLGRV
UHVSXHVWDV HQWUH ORV JUXSRV FRQWURODQGR HO HIHFWR GHO HQWUH ODV UHVSXHVWDV PRGDOHV GH H[SHUWRV \ SREODFLyQ
D]DU3DUDORVGLIHUHQWHVDQiOLVLVVHGLYLGLyDOHDWRULDPHQ JHQHUDOIXHURQORVVLJXLHQWHV.DSSDVLPSOHț PLHQ
WHDOJUXSRGHH[SHUWRV Q HQGRVVXEJUXSRVGH\ WUDVTXHHOSRQGHUDGRIXHGHț DPERVH[SUHVDQXQD
H[SHUWRVFDGDXQR\VHVHOHFFLRQyDVXMHWRVGHOD EXHQDFRQFRUGDQFLD(QIRUPDFRPSDUDWLYDVHDSUHFLD
PXHVWUD GH SREODFLyQ JHQHUDO Q D ILQ GH TXH OD PHQRUJUDGRGHDFXHUGRHQWUHODSREODFLyQJHQHUDO\ORV
PXHVWUD VHD FRPSDUDEOH FRQ OD PXHVWUD GH H[SHUWRV H[SHUWRVDVSHFWRTXHUHVXOWDHVSHUDEOH\FRQVLVWHQWHFRQ
/XHJRVHFDOFXOyODUHVSXHVWDPRGDOSDUDFDGDXQRGH ORUHSRUWDGRHQRWURVHVWXGLRVUHDOL]DGRVFRQHO06&(,7
ORVtWHPVGHODSUXHEDHQFDGDXQRGHORVVXEJUXSRV 0D\HUHWDO([WUHPHUDHWDO (QOD7DEOD
\ORVFRH¿FLHQWHVNDSSDGH&RKHQ ț UHSOLFDQGRHODQi VHSUHVHQWDQORVtQGLFHVNDSSDREWHQLGRVFRQVXLQWHUYD
OLVLVUHDOL]DGRHQHOHVWXGLRGHODSUXHEDRULJLQDO3DUDOD ORGHFRQ¿DQ]DGHO
YDORUDFLyQGHOtQGLFH.DSSDVHFRQVLGHUyODHVFDODSUR
SXHVWDSRU/DQGLV\.RFK SDUDH[SUHVDUFXDOLWDWL &
i w l i b j c w l d c l i z c b c w j i c b g u j g g c m c j i b g u
YDPHQWHODIXHU]DGHODFRQFRUGDQFLDWDOFRPRVHPXHV (OSURPHGLRHQWUHORVFRH¿FLHQWHV.DSSDFRQVLGHUDQGR
WUDHQOD7DEOD ODVFLQFRUHVSXHVWDVSRVLEOHVDORVtWHPVSDUDFDGD
(O06&(,7VHEDVDHQORVYDORUHVPHGLRVGHORVSDU SDUGHMXHFHVGHOJUXSRGHH[SHUWRVIXHN 6'
WLFLSDQWHVDQLYHOGHOtWHPSRUORFXDOORVSXQWDMHVREWHQL 3RU RWUR ODGR HO SURPHGLR HQWUH ORV .DSSD SDUD
GRVYDUtDQHQIXQFLyQGHOFULWHULRXWLOL]DGR JHQHUDORH[ FDGDSDUGHVXMHWRVGHOJUXSRGHSREODFLyQJHQHUDO Q
SHUWR 'HHVWHPRGRHOLQVWUXPHQWRSRVHHGRVWLSRVGH IXHGHN 6'
FRQ¿DELOLGDGGHSHQGLHQGRGHOFULWHULRGHSXQWXDFLyQTXH $¿QGHSRQHUDSUXHEDODKLSyWHVLVTXHVRVWLHQHTXHHO
VHFRQVLGHUH JUDGRGHFRQFRUGDQFLDDXQHVWLPDGRDQLYHOLQGLYLGXDO
7RGRVORVUHVXOWDGRVIXHURQDQDOL]DGRVXWLOL]DQGRHOSD HVPD\RUHQH[SHUWRVTXHHQSREODFLyQJHQHUDOVHXWLOL]y
SDUDPXHVWUDVLQGHSHQGLHQWHV&RPRVHRE VXEWHVWVRWDUHDVVRQKRPRJpQHRV
O N t Q q U P N e
VHUYDHQOD7DEODH[LVWHQGLIHUHQFLDVVLJQL¿FDWLYDVHQHO (QHVWHHVWXGLRVHREWXYRXQDDOWDFRQ¿DELOLGDGSDUDHO
JUDGRGHFRQFRUGDQFLDGHSDUHVGHHYDOXDGRUHVHQWUHORV SXQWDMHWRWDOGHO06&(,7FRQVLGHUDQGRWDQWRHOFULWHULRGH
JUXSRV GH SREODFLyQ JHQHUDO \ HO JUXSR GH H[SHUWRV H[SHUWRV FRPR HO GH SREODFLyQ JHQHUDO U \ U
e
SRUWDGRVSRUORVDXWRUHVGHO06&(,7LQGLFDQGRTXHORV FDODVGHO06&(,7HQIXQFLyQGHOFULWHULRGHSXQWXDFLyQ
SDUWLFLSDQWHVREWLHQHQSXQWDMHVPiVDOWRVFXDQGRVHXWL JHQHUDO\H[SHUWR
OL]DHOFULWHULRH[SHUWR$VLPLVPRVHHQFRQWUyXQHIHFWR &RPRVHH[SRQHHQOD7DEODVHDQDOL]DURQODVLQWHUFR
SULQFLSDOVLJQL¿FDWLYRGHOIDFWRUUDPDV) UUHODFLRQHVHQWUHODVSXQWXDFLRQHVREWHQLGDVHQODVRFKR
8QDQiOLVLVSRVWKRFLQGLFyTXHODGLIHUHQFLDHQWUHWRGRV JHQHUDOWRGDVODVWDUHDVFRUUHODFLRQDURQSRVLWLYDPHQWH
ORVSXQWDMHVHVWLPDGRVFRQHOFULWHULRH[SHUWRSDUDFDGD XVDQGRORVGRVFULWHULRV H[SHUWRV\JHQHUDO /DVLQWHUFR
SHFWRGHORVHVWLPDGRVDSDUWLUGHOFULWHULRJHQHUDO$Vt
ORV SXQWDMHV REWHQLGRV HQ FDGD UDPD GHO 06&(,7
] [ I Z J I [ ^ L
7$%/$6$18$5,2
Y
,QWHUSUHWDFLyQGHORVYDORUHVGHNDSSD
VHJ~Q/DQGLV\.RFK
9DORUGHNDSSD *UDGRGHFRQFRUGDQFLD
([FHOHQWH
0RGHUDGD
0DOD
Y
i w l i b j c w l d c g w e b g b g u g u e c u z i j c m g u c m f k y v a j g m i u j d g b g w e g u x b i u
.DSSDVLPSOH .DSSDSRQGHUDGR
,&GHO ,&GHO
([SHUWRV\SREODFLyQJHQHUDO
6XEJUXSRVH[SHUWRV
Y
&RPSDUDFLyQGHORVYDORUHVPHGLRV\GHVYtRVHVWiQGDUHVGHODFRQFRUGDQFLD
GHSDUHVGHHYDOXDGRUHVHQWUHORVJUXSRVGHH[SHUWRV\SREODFLyQJHQHUDO
9DULDEOH ([SHUWRV 3REODFLyQ*HQHUDO 9DORUHV(VWDGtVWLFRV
0HGLD 'HVYtR 0HGLD 'HVYtR
Y
9DORUHVPHGLRV'HVYtRV\&RQ¿DELOLGDGGHORVSXQWDMHVGHO06&(,79FRQHOPpWRGRGHFRQVHQVRH[SHUWR\
l i w u g w u i x g w g b c m
(VWDGtVWLFRV'HVFULSWLYRV &RQ¿DELOLGDG ¡
·
º » ¼ º ½
¡ Â VHUHSRUWDQORVFRH¿FLHQWHVGHFRQ¿DELOLGDGSRUHOPpWRGRGHGLYLVLyQSRUPLWDGHVSDUDHOSXQWDMHWRWDOGHOWHVWODVGRViUHDV H[SHULHQFLDO
à Ä
Y Å
,QWHUFRUUHODFLRQHVHQWUHORVSXQWDMHVGHODVWDUHDVGHO06&(,7HQIXQFLyQGHOFULWHULRGHSXQWXDFLyQ
JHQHUDO\H[SHUWR
Æ
· º » ·
5DPD3HUFHSFLyQ(PRFLRQDO
&DUDV
,PDJHQHV
5DPD)DFLOLWDFLyQ(PRFLRQDO
)DFLOLWDFLyQ
6HQVDFLRQHV
5DPD&RPSUHQVLyQ(PRFLRQDO
&DPELR
&RPELQDFLRQHV
5DPD0DQHMR(PRFLRQDO
0DQHMRHPRFLRQDOHV
5HODFLRQHVHPRFLRQDOHV
1RWD/DVLQWHUFRUUHODFLRQHVSDUDORVVXMHWRVFXDQGRVHFRQVLGHUDHOFULWHULRGHSXQWXDFLyQH[SHUWR Q VHSUHVHQWDQDUULEDGHODGLDJRQDO\
ODVLQWHUFRUUHODFLRQHVSDUDORVVXMHWRVFXDQGRVHFRQVLGHUDHOFULWHULRGHSXQWXDFLyQJHQHUDO Q DSDUHFHQGHEDMRGHODGLDJRQDO
Ç
Ç Ç
%DU2Q 5 (PRWLRQDO DQG VRFLDO LQWHOOLJHQFH LQVLJKWV +DPEOHWRQ 5 *XLGHOLQHV IRU DGDSWLQJ HGXFDWLRQDO DQG
SV\FKRORJLFDO WHVWV $ SURJUHVV UHSRUW
ï ï
IURPWKHHPRWLRQDOTXRWLHQWLQYHQWRU\(Q5%DU2Q\-'$ å Ö á þ ê × Ù ó á Ö Ù × è á ä
TXRWLHQWLQYHQWRU\(Q5%DU2Q\-'$3DUNHU (GV Þ × Ù ß í
SS 0DGULG8QLYHUVLWDV
à SS 6DQ)UDQFLVFR
á á â ã á ä å æ á ç Ø á Ù × è é Ù ç ê è è Ø ë ê Ù ì ê /DQGLV- .RFK* 7KHPHDVXUHPHQWRIREVHUYHUDJUHH
-RVVH\%DVV PHQWIRUFDWHJRULFDOGDWD Õ Ø á æ ê ç Ö Ø ì ã Ú Ú
è ç Ø ð × Ö Ø × ç ê Õ ê ñ × ð Ø á Ö × è ò ê ã ê × Ö ì ñ ó á Ö Ù × è á ä ô ê Ö ã á Ù × è Ø ç õ ö ã ã ê ã ã æ ê Ù ç Ú ù Ú
ó á Ö Ù × è
á
ä ô ê Ö ã á Ù × è Ø ç õ ö ã ã ê ã ã æ ê Ù ç Ú ÷ ø WHOOLJHQFH é Ù ç ê è è Ø ë ê Ù ì ê Ú Û ÷
ô ã õ ì ñ á è á ë Ø ì × è Õ í ö þ þ è Ø ê ß × Ù ß ô Ö ê ð ê Ù ç Ø í
è è ê ç Ø Ù Ú Û Û ù ð ê ô ã õ ì ñ á è á ë õ Ú
([WUHPHUD1 )HUQiQGH]%HUURFDO3 (OSDSHOGHODLQ 0D\HU -' *HKHU * (PRWLRQDO LQWHOOLJHQFH DQG WKH
WHOLJHQFLD HPRFLRQDO HQ HO DOXPQDGR HYLGHQFLDV HPStULFDV ú LGHQWL¿FDWLRQRIHPRWLRQ é Ù ç ê è è Ø ë ê Ù ì ê Ú Ü Ü
ê æ á ç Ø á Ù × è Ø Ù ç ê è è Ø ë ê Ù ì ê ý é æ þ è Ø ì × ç Ø á Ù ã ä á Ö ê ß ì × ç á Ö ã
ö ô ö á Ù Ø ç á Ö Ú
FHPHHWVWUDGLWLRQDOVWDQGDUGVIRUDQGLQWHOOLJHQFH é Ù ç ê è è Ø ë ê Ù í
ü Ö × æ ê ã á ä æ Ø Ù ß ý ç ñ ê ç ñ ê á Ö õ á ä è ç Ø þ è ê é Ù ç ê è è Ø í ì ê
1HZ<RUN%DVLF%RRNV
ë ê Ù ì ê ã
× Ù ß ö þ þ è Ø ì × ç Ø á Ù × è Þ á æ ê Ú ÿ ì ñ á á è × Ù ß Ø Ù ç ñ ê á Ö â þ è × ì ê ñ ê ó á Ö Ù × è á ä ö à Ù á Ö æ × è × Ù ß ÿ á ì Ø × è ô ã õ ì ñ á è á ë õ Ú û Ú
)UDQFLVFR-RVVH\%DVV
0D\HU-'6DORYH\3 &DUXVR'5
î
× õ ê Ö Ú ÿ × è á ð ê õ Ú
ï î ï
× Ö ã á å æ á ç Ø á Ù × è é Ù ç ê è è Ø ë ê Ù ì ê ê ã ç ý ê Ö ã Ø á Ù Ü × Ù × è Ü Ù ß
)HFKDGHUHFHSFLyQGHPD\RGH
&DQDGD0XOWL+HDOWK6\VWHPV
)HFKDGHDFHSWDFLyQGHDJRVWRGH
ê ß ú ú
ç
Ø á Ù Ú
TXLU\
0D\HU-' $QHZ¿HOGJXLGHWRHPRWLRQDOLQWHOOLJHQFH(Q
&LDUURFKL-)RUJDV-3 0D\HU-' (GV å æ á ç Ø á Ù × è Ø Ù ç ê í
3UHVV
0D\HU -' 3DQWHU $7 6DORYH\ 3 &DUXVR '5 $
'LVFUHSDQF\ LQ $QDO\VHV RI WKH 06&(,75HVROYLQJ WKH 0\V
WHU\ DQG 8QGHUVWDQGLQJ ,WV ,PSOLFDWLRQV $ 5HSO\ WR *LJQDF
å æ á ç Ø á Ù Ú ù
ö Ù Ù × è ò ê ð Ø ê á ä ô ã õ ì ñ á è á ë õ Ú ù ø
0D\HU-'6DORYH\3 &DUXVR'5 (PRWLRQDOLQWHOOL
JHQFH1HZDELOLW\RUHFOHFWLFWUDLWV" ö æ ê Ö Ø ì × Ù ô ã õ ì ñ á è á ë Ø ã ç Ú
Ý
ó á Ö Ù × è á ä ô ê Ö ã á Ù × è Ø ç õ × Ù ß ÿ á ì Ø × è
ô ã õ ì ñ á è á ë õ
ó á Ö Ù × è á ä ô ê Ö ã á Ù × è Ø ç õ
3HWULGHV.9 )XUQKDP$ D 2QWKHGLPHQVLRQDOVWUXF
WXUHRIHPRWLRQDOLQWHOOLJHQFH
ï
ô ê Ö ã á Ù × è Ø ç õ × Ù ß é Ù ß Ø ð Ø ß × è Ø ä ä ê í
Ö
ê Ù ì ê ã Ú Ü ø
è
ê ã Ú Ü
å Ö á þ ê × Ù ó á Ö Ù × è á ä ô ê Ö ã á Ù × è Ø ç õ Ú Û ù
ç Ø á Ù Ú ì á ë Ù Ø ç Ø á Ù × Ù ß þ ê Ö ã á Ù × è Ø ç õ Ú ø Ú
6DORYH\30D\HU-'*ROGPDQ6/7XUYH\& 3DOIDL73
(PRWLRQDODWWHQWLRQFODULW\DQGUHSDLUH[SORULQJHPR
WLRQDO LQWHOOLJHQFH XVLQJ WKH 7UDLW 0HWD 0RRG 6FDOH (Q -:
3HQQHEDNHU (G SS
ï
å æ á ç Ø á Ù Ú Ø ã ì è á ã Ö ê Ú Þ ê × è ç ñ
:DVKLQJWRQ$PHULFDQ3V\FKRORJLFDO$VVRFLDWLRQ
6DORYH\3 *UHZDO' 7KH6FLHQFHRI(PRWLRQDO,QWHOOL
JHQFH ö æ ê Ö Ø ì × Ù ô ã õ ì ñ á è á ë Ø ì × è ÿ á ì Ø ê ç õ Ú Û
ô GRL;
ã õ ì ñ á è á ë Ø ã ç Ú
Þ × Ö þ ê Ö ã × ë × í
Ø Ù ê Ú Û