EPRVG 0

]BCNGDGELH
HPXRL]BC]RPH
H PXRL]BC]RPH
VBPLGMG;
VBPLGMG; CGDGNLHD
[GNH MB DGS DDHNGS

HPX. ABPNHNMG @DHNCG PRL[

 EPRVG 0

LN]BEPHN]BS

60 83 61 38 02

HPX. ABPNHNMG @DHNCG PRL[

 EPRVG

BKBIVDG MB IHVH IBN]HD

 ]BGPLH B JLS]GPLH MB DH HPXRL]BC]RPH Q
EPRVG

]BCNGD
]BCNGD GELH / HPXRL]
H PXRL]BC]RP
BC]RPH
H
BSXRBIH IB]GMGDGELCG
CGIVGSLCLÓN

LNMRC]LQG MBMRC]LQG HR]ÓNGIH JB]BPÓNGIH

BSVHCLG

AGPIH

PH[GNHILBN]G QLSLÓN QHPLH@DBS ARNCLGN

DBNERHKB

CGN]BNLMG ]BCNGDGEÉH
IÌ]GMG
MB
BS]RMLG
HNÈ
H NÈD
D LSLS RSRHPLG
MLHDÓELCG

HPXRL]BC]RPH
HPXRL]BC]RPH
HCHMÌILCH ]BPPL]GPLG BSCHDH
CPÉ]LCH CLRMHM

CGN]BZ]RHD SHN]H CPR[

 ]BGPÉH B JLS]GPLH MB DH HPXRL]BC]RPH Q

 ]BCNGDGEÉH BN DH
HPXRL]BC]RPH
 IH]BPLHDBS ]PHMLCLGNHDBS

 IH]BPLHDBS ]BCNGDÓELCGS

QLSLÓN JB]BPÓNGIH MB DH
CGNCBV]RHDL[HCLÓN

]BCNGDGEÉH BN DH
HPXRL]BC]RPH

 PH[GNHILBN]G LNMRC]LQG
 HNÈDLSLS MLHDÓELCG

 CPÉ]LCH CGN]BZ]RHD
QHPLH@DB
QHPLH@D B MB BS]RMLG;
BS]RMLG; EPRVG 0 ÉNMLCB
]BCNGD
]BCNGD GELH / HPXRL]
H PXRL]BC]RP
BC]RPH
H VPGCBSG MB BS]RMLG

CGNCBV]RHDL[HCLGN

]BCNGDGEÉH BN DH HPXRL]BC]RPH KRS]LALCHCLÓN MB DGS

G@KB]GS MB BS]RMLG

R@LCHCLÓN ]LBIVG
BDH@GPHP CGNS]PRCCLGNBS XRB MBN SBNSHCLÓN MB LNNGQHCLÓN, @BDDB[H \ BSVHCLG
BS RN CGNKRN]G MB CGNGCLILBN]GS
R]LDLMHM
CLBN]ÉALCHIBN]B GPMBNHMGS, XRB VBPIL]BN HNÈDLSLS MBSCPLV]LQG
MLSBØHP \ CPBHP @LBNBS G SBPQLCLGS XRB
AHCLDL]HN DH HMHV]HCLÓN HD IBMLG HI@LBN]B, HSÉ G@KB]LQG MB
CGIG DH SH]LSAHCCLÓN MB DHS NBCBSLMHMBS HNÈDLSLS MLHDÓELCG
LNMLQLMRHDBS BSBNCLHDBS \ DHS HSVLPHCLGNBS MB
DH JRIHNLMHM. HNÈDLSLS
LN]BPVPB]H]LQG

LMBH PBC]GPH

HNÈDLSLS
HPERIBN]H]LQG
HNÈDLSLS
CGNS]PRC]LQHS CGIG BD DLNBHILBN]G ]ÌPILCG,IH]BPLHDBS HPERIBN]H]LQG
SGS]BNL@DBS,CBPPHILBN]GS CBPÈILCGS,QLEHS,JGPILEGNBS B]C
CPL]BPLGS MB QHDGP
@RSCH
SGDRCLGNBS
KRLCLGS MB QHDGP
 CPÉ]LCH CGN]BZ]RHD
]BGPLH B JLS]GPLH MB DH HPXRL]BC]RPH Q
QHPLH@DB
QHPLH@D B MB BS]RMLG;
BS]RMLG; EPRVG 0 ÉNMLCB
SLS]BIH CGNS]PRC]LQG/ HPXRL]BC]RPH
H PXRL]BC]RPH VPGCBSG MB BS]RMLG

CGNCBV]RHDL[HCLGN
SLS]BIHS CGNS]PRC]LQGS
KRS]LALCHCLÓN MB DGS
G@KB]GS MB BS]RMLG

R@LCHCLÓN ]LBIVG
RN SLS]BIH CGNS]PRC]LQG BS BD CGNKRN]G MB BDBIBN]GS BSVHCLG
,CGIVGNBN]BS \ RNLMHMBS MB RN BMLALCLG XRB AGPIHN RNH IHNG MB G@PH
HNÈDLSLS MBSCPLV]LQG
GPEHNL[HCLÓN ARNCLGNHD

HNÈDLSLS MLHDÓELCG

HNÈDLSLS
LN]BPVPB]H]LQG
]ÌCNLCH
LMBH PBC]GPH

HNÈDLSLS
HPERIBN]H]LQG
CGN RNH ILSLÓN CGNS]PRC]LQH CGIÛN, SBH ÌS]H MB SGS]ÌN
HNÈDLSLS
(BS]PRC]RPH), MB MBALNLCLÓN \ VPG]BCCLÓN MB BSVHCLGS JH@L]H@DBS IH]BPLHDBS HPERIBN]H]LQG
(CBPPHILBN]GS), MB G@]BNCLÓN MB HCGNMLCLGNHILBN]G (CGNAGP]),
CPL]BPLGS MB QHDGP
G MB BZVPBSLÓN MB LIHEBN \ HSVBC]G (MBCGPHCLÓN)
KRLCLGS MB QHDGP
 CPÉ]LCH CGN]BZ]RHD
]BGPLH B JLS]GPLH MB DH HPXRL]BC]RPH Q
QHPLH@DB
QHPLH@D B MB BS]RMLG;
BS]RMLG; EPRVG 0 ÉNMLCB
]BCNGDGEÉH
]BCNGDGEÉH MB IH]BPLHDBS
IH]BPLHD BS / HPXRL
H PXRL]BC]
]BC]RPH
RPH
VPGCBSG MB BS]RMLG

]BCNGDGEÉH MB IH]BPLHDBS ]PHMLCLGNHDBS CGNCBV]RHDL[HCLGN

KRS]LALCHCLÓN MB DGS
SGN SLS]BIHS CGNS]PRC]LQGS ]PHMLCLGNHDBS SGN G@KB]GS MB BS]RMLG
VPLNCLVHDIBN]B IHNRHDBS R@LCHCLÓN ]LBIVG
SLBIVPB JHN SLMG MB IRPGS VGP]HN]BS G VHPBMBS BSVHCLG
VGP]HN]BS,XRB HMBIÈS MB SGS]BNBP DH CR@LBP]H
]LBNBN DH ARNCLÓN MB CBPPHILBN]G HNÈDLSLS MBSCPLV]LQG

HNÈDLSLS MLHDÓELCG
SLS]BIHS MB ]LBPPH SLS]BIHS MB VLBMPH SLS]BIHS MB DHMPLDDG
HNÈDLSLS
BD HMG@B BS RNG MB DGS IH]BPLHDBS IÈS HN]LERGS LN]BPVPB]H]LQG
SB ]PH@HKH IR\ @LBN H CGIVPBSLÓN,SGVGP
CGIVPBSLÓN,SGVGP]H]H VLB[HS MB IBMLMH BS]H@DBCLMH,VHPH ]PH@HKHP
CGNGCLMGS VGP BD JGI@PB. DHS VPLIBPHS CHPEHS QBP]LCHDBS,LMBHD VHPH HMBCRHMHIBN]B BN RN IRPG,VHPH CGNABPLP
BMLALCHCLGNBS
BMLALCHCLGN BS SB JLCLBPGN IGDMBHNMG MB MLABPBN]BS CGNS]PRCCLGNBS
CGNS]PRCCLGN BS IHSLQHS MB HD]H LNBPCLH PLELMB[ \ BS]H@LDLMHM LMBH PBC]GPH
AGPIHS \ ]HIHØGS ]ÌPILCH
HNÈDLSLS
HPERIBN]H]LQG
HNÈDLSLS
HPERIBN]H]LQG

CPL]BPLGS MB QHDGP

KRLCLGS MB QHDGP
 CPÉ]LCH CGN]BZ]RHD
]BGPÉH B JLS]GPLH MB DH HPXRL]BC]RPH Q
QHPLH@DB
QHPLH@D B MB BS]RMLG;
BS]RMLG; EPRVG 0 ÉNMLCB
]BCNGD
]BCNGD GELH / HPXRL]
H PXRL]BC]RP
BC]RPH
H VPGCBSG MB BS]RMLG

QLSLÓN JB]BP
QLSLÓN JB]BPÓNG
ÓNGIH
IH MB DH CGNCBV]RHDL[HCLGN

]BCNGDGEÉH BN HPXRL]BC]RPH KRS]LALCHCLÓN MB DGS

QLSLÓN jbtbróngih BN IBMLG SGCLHD Dh aunclgnhdlmhm tbcngdóelch
G@KB]GS MB BS]RMLG

HPXRL]BC]RPH C mb unh g`rh hrqultbctónlch bs R@LCHCLÓN ]LBIVG

G Ibmlg sgclhd BSVHCLG
DH Hrqultbcturh cgn QLSLÓN JB]BPÓNGIH BS lncduslvh I mbpbnmlbntb mb su cgntbxtg
DHS VBPSGNHS XRB JH@L]HN BD DREHP.
qub lntberh \ sb rbdhclgnh cgn dgs cgipgnbntbs mbd V nhturhd, sgclhd y cgnstrulmg HNÈDLSLS MBSCPLV]LQG
jè`ltht. G
N
B HNÈDLSLS MLHDÓELCG
N
] IBMLG CGNS]PRLMG
B HNÈDLSLS
S
Ibmlg cgnstrulmg LN]BPVPB]H]LQG
M BS BD IBMLG AÉSLCG BZLS]BN]B MB SR
B LMBH PBC]GPH
D BN]GPNG LNIBMLH]G.
HNÈDLSLS
J HPERIBN]H]LQG
H IBMLG NH]RPHD
]BCNGDGELH BN @ HNÈDLSLS
HPXRL]BC]RPH
HPXRL]BC]RPH L
]
Ibmlg nhturhd HPERIBN]H]LQG
H DH IHSH HP@ÓPBH \ CGNMLCLGNBS CPL]BPLGS MB QHDGP
Bs un cgnkuntg mb cgngclilbntgs clbntéalchibntb grmbnhmgs, qub ] CDLIÈ]LCHS MBD DREHP.
pbriltbn mlsbøhr slstbihs cgnstructlvgs qub ahcldltbn bd prgcbsg
mb unh g`rh. KRLCLGS MB QHDGP
 CPÉ]LCH CGN]BZ]RHD
]BGPÉH B JLS]GPLH MB DH HPXRL]BC]RPH Q
QHPLH@DB
QHPLH@D B MB BS]RMLG;
BS]RMLG; EPRVG 0 ÉNMLCB
]BCNGD
]BCNGD GELH / HPXRL]
H PXRL]BC]RP
BC]RPH
H VPGCBSG MB BS]RMLG
Iìtgmg
Iìtgmg lnmuctlvg
lnmuc tlvg
CGNCBV]RHDL[HCLGN
PH[GNHILBN]G LNMRC]LQG
]BCNGDGEÉH BN HPXRL]BC]RPHMB DH Pbpbtlclón mb un ilsig Pbcgngcbr
cuhdlmhmbs Dhs
cgig KRS]LALCHCLÓN MB DGS
igmbdg G@KB]GS MB BS]RMLG
sbr;
R@LCHCLÓN ]LBIVG
BSVHCLG
Bs bd igmg
igmg mb hnèd
hnèdls
lsls
ls y rb
rbadadbx
bxló
lónn mb
mbdd tb
tbih
ih mb bstu
bstuml
mlg,
g,
qub sb rbhdlzh h phrtlr un hnèdlsls mb dhs g`rhs Vhrtb mb dhs g`rhs HNÈDLSLS MBSCPLV]LQG
 R]LDL[HCLÓN MB
hr
hrqul
qultbc
tbctó
tónlc
nlchs
hs ph
phrh
rh trh
trhth
thrr mb bn
bntbn
tbnmb
mbrr y/
y/gg rbcg
rbcgng
ngcbr
cbr hrqultbctónlchs IH]BPLHDBS
dhs prbilshs prgybctuhdbs phrh ddbehr h dh lmbh g HNÈDLSLS MLHDÓELCG
prlnclplgss phrtlcudhrbs.
prlnclplg phrtlcudhrbs. h dgs VPGVLGS MBD
DREHP. HNÈDLSLS
Vrlnclplgs ]bcngdóelcgs
 ]ÌCNLCHS LN]BPVPB]H]LQG
CGNS]PRC]LQHS
Lmbh
Lmbh ebnb
ebnbrh
rhdd qub
qub cgip
cgiphr
hrtb
tbnn
IBMLHN]B CRH]PGS VHSG; ]PHMLCLGNHDBS LMBH PBC]GPH
bn cgiûn dhs mlabrbntbs  IH]BPLHDBS
hrqultbcturhs. HNÈDLSLS
HMBCRHMGS VHPH HPERIBN]H]LQG
G@SBPQHCLÓN \ PBELS]PG 3 MBPLQHCLÓN LNMRC]LQH SRS CGNMLCLGNBS
8 CDLIÈ]LCHS. HNÈDLSLS
HPERIBN]H]LQG
HNHDLSLS \ CDHSLALCHCLGN = CGN]PH]HCLÓN CPL]BPLGS MB QHDGP
0
KRLCLGS MB QHDGP
 CPÉ]LCH CGN]BZ]RHD
]BGPÉH B JLS]GPLH MB DH HPXRL]BC]RPH Q
QHPLH@DB
QHPLH@D B MB BS]RMLG;
BS]RMLG; EPRVG 0 ÉNMLCB
]BCNGDGELH / HPXRL]BC]RPH
VPGCBSG MB BS]RMLG
Hn
H n èd
èdll s l s m l hd
hdóóelcg
CGNCBV]RHDL[HCLGN
HNÈ DLSLS MLHDÓELCG
HNÈDLSLS MLH DÓELCG MB DH
]BCNGDGEÉH BN DH KRS]LALCHCLÓN MB DGS
G@KB]GS MB BS]RMLG
HPXRL]BC]RPH
R@LCHCLÓN ]LBIVG
BSVHCLG

]BCNGDGEÉH HNÈDLSLS MBSCPLV]LQG

Bs dh lntbrrbdhclón mb dgs mlstlntgs HNÈDLSLS MLHDÓELCG

cgipgnbntbs mb dh hrqultbcturh y cgn
bd cgntbxtg, qub jhcb pgsl`db qub sb AGPIH HNÈDLSLS
prgmuzch iucjg ibkgr dh cgiprbnslón LN]BPVPB]H]LQG

mb dh vhrlh`db mb bstumlg.. BSVHCLG LMBH PBC]GPH

HNÈDLSLS
ARNCLGN HPERIBN]H]LQG
HNÈDLSLS
HI@LBN]HD HPERIBN]H]LQG
Bd hnèdlsls mlhdóelcg sb rbhdlzh cgn un
CPL]BPLGS MB QHDGP
bstumlg prbvlg mbd hnèdlsls mb cgntbnlmg
KRLCLGS MB QHDGP
 CPÉ]LCH CGN]BZ]RHD
]BGPÉH B JLS]GPLH MB DH HPXRL]BC]RPH Q
QHPLH@DB
QHPLH@D B MB BS]RMLG;
BS]RMLG; EPRVG 0 ÉNMLCB
]BCNGDGELH / HPXRL]BC]RPH
VPGCBSG MB BS]RMLG
Hn
H n èd
èdll s l s m l hd
hdóóelcg
CGNCBV]RHDL[HCLGN

KRS]LALCHCLÓN MB DGS
G@KB]GS MB BS]RMLG
HNÈDLSLS MLHDÓELCG MB DH ]BCNGDGEÉH;
]BCNGDGEÉH BN HPXRL]BC]RPH Bs un cgnkuntg mb cgngclilbntgs R@LCHCLÓN ]LBIVG
clbntéalchibntb grmbnhmgs, qub BSVHCLG
pbriltbn mlsbøhr slstbihs HNÈDLSLS MBSCPLV]LQG
cg
cgns
nstru
tructl
ctlvg
vgss qub ah
ahcld
cldltb
ltbnn bd pr
prgc
gcbs
bsgg
mb unhg`r
unhg`rh. h.
HNÈDLSLS MLHDÓELCG

HNÈDLSLS
]BCNGDGEÉH-AGPIH LN]BPVPB]H]LQG
AGPIH;
Dh ag
agri
rihh hrqu
hrqultb
ltbctó
ctónlc
nlchh bs dh bnv
bnvgd
gdtur
turhh LMBH PBC]GPH
aéslch
aéslch h dh sgducló
sgduclónn bsp
bsphclh
hclhdd
HNÈDLSLS
Xub sb ebnbrh h trhvìs puntg, dénbh, HPERIBN]H]LQG
Dh tbcngdgeéh hyumh qub bd mlsbøg mb dh agrih pdhng, vgduibn, bd thihøg, cgdgr,
HNÈDLSLS
sbh pgsl`dbs mhnmg ihygr hpgrtb bs dhs tbx
tbxtur
turh,
h, sgn
sgn bdbib
bdbibntg
ntgss cg
cgiun
iunlch
lchntb
ntbss HPERIBN]H]LQG
prgplbmhmbs mb dhs agrihs y hsé lnngvhnmg qub pbriltbn lmbntlalchr dgs usgs y
hccbsgsmb
hccb sgsmb unh g`r
g`rhh hrq
hrqultb
ultbctón
ctónlch.
lch. CPL]BPLGS MB QHDGP
nubvhs prgpubsths
KRLCLGS MB QHDGP
 CPÉ]LCH CGN]BZ]RHD
]BGPÉH B JLS]GPLH MB DH HPXRL]BC]RPH Q
QHPLH@DB
QHPLH@D B MB BS]RMLG;
BS]RMLG; EPRVG 0 ÉNMLCB
]BCNGDGELH / HPXRL]BC]RPH
VPGCBSG MB BS]RMLG
Hn
H n èd
èdll s l s m l hd
hdóóelcg
CGNCBV]RHDL[HCLGN

KRS]LALCHCLÓN MB DGS
G@KB]GS MB BS]RMLG
HNÈDLSLS MLHDÓELCG MB DH ]BCNGDGEÉH;
]BCNGDGEÉH BN HPXRL]BC]RPH Bs un cgnkuntg mb cgngclilbntgs R@LCHCLÓN ]LBIVG
clbntéalchibntb grmbnhmgs, qub BSVHCLG
pbriltbn mlsbøhr slstbihs HNÈDLSLS MBSCPLV]LQG
cg
cgns
nstru
tructl
ctlvg
vgss qub ah
ahcld
cldltb
ltbnn bd pr
prgc
gcbs
bsgg
mb unhg`r
unhg`rh. h.
HNÈDLSLS MLHDÓELCG

HNÈDLSLS
]BCNGDGEÉH-BSVHCLG LN]BPVPB]H]LQG

LMBH PBC]GPH
BSVHCLG;
mb dh hr
hrqu
qultltbc
bctu
Bs bd bdbibn
turh
bdbibntg
rh,, hd qub
qub bd
tg prli
bddh
prligrm
dh mb
grmlhd
mbdldlil
ilth
lhd
th y HNÈDLSLS
pgr
pgribn
ibngrl
grlzh
zh bd ilsig
ilsig sb jhdd
jhddhh mbdl
mbdlilth
ilthmg
mg HPERIBN]H]LQG
Bd usg mb bdbibntgs tbcngdóelcgs pgr
pgr bd vg
vgdui
duibn,
bn, pbrg
pbrg sgn
sgn lnm
lnmbp
bpbnm
bnmlb
lbntb
ntbss HNÈDLSLS
cgnstructlvgs pbriltbn ebnbrhr bsphclgs bntr
bntrbb sl. HPERIBN]H]LQG
hipdlgs y ibkgr hmbcuhmgs y mlvbrslalchr CPL]BPLGS MB QHDGP

dh ehih bsphclhd cgngclmh jhsth bd KRLCLGS MB QHDGP

igibntg.
 CPÉ]LCH CGN]BZ]RHD
]BGPÉH B JLS]GPLH MB DH HPXRL]BC]RPH Q
QHPLH@DB
QHPLH@D B MB BS]RMLG;
BS]RMLG; EPRVG 0 ÉNMLCB
]BCNGDGELH / HPXRL]BC]RPH
VPGCBSG MB BS]RMLG
Hn
H n èd
èdll s l s m l hd
hdóóelcg
CGNCBV]RHDL[HCLGN

KRS]LALCHCLÓN MB DGS
G@KB]GS MB BS]RMLG
HNÈDLSLS MLHDÓELCG MB DH
]BCNGDGEÉH BN HPXRL]BC]RPH R@LCHCLÓN ]LBIVG
BSVHCLG
]BCNGDGEÉH;
Bs un cgnkuntg mb cgngclilbntgs HNÈDLSLS MBSCPLV]LQG

cpblbrnitélatlbcnhibntb mlsbøghrmrbnhmgss, lstbiquhbs

HNÈDLSLS MLHDÓELCG
cg
cgnst
nstrucructlvtlvgs
gs qub ah
ahcld
cldltb
ltbnn bd pr
prgc
gcbs
bsgg
mb unhg`r
unhg`rh. h. HNÈDLSLS
]BCNGDGEÉH-ARNCLGN LN]BPVPB]H]LQG

LMBH PBC]GPH

HNÈDLSLS
ARNCLGN; Dh aunclg
aunclgnhd
nhdlmh
lmhmm sb cgn
cgnslm
slmbrh
brh un HPERIBN]H]LQG
Dh lipdbibnthclón mb bdbibntgs tbcngdóelcgs crltbr
crltbrlg
lg `ès
`èslcg
lcg mb mlsbøg
mlsbøg qub pbrilt
pbriltbb ibm
ibmlhn
lhntb
tb su HNÈDLSLS
prgplclhn ibkgrhr dh aunclón mbntrg mb unh usg
usg hmbc
hmbcuh
uhmg
mg qub
qub dg
dgss mlab
mlabrb
rbnt
ntbs
bs bsph
bsphcl
clgs
gs qu
qubb HPERIBN]H]LQG
bmlalchclón dg cuhd sb pgmréh trhmuclr cgig un tlpg cgnagrihn
cgnagr ihn un tgmghrqultbctón
tgmghrqultbctónlcg.
lcg.
CPL]BPLGS MB QHDGP

mb aunclgnhdlmhm ihs hpth phrh dhs pbrsgnhs. KRLCLGS MB QHDGP

 CPÉ]LCH CGN]BZ]RHD
]BGPÉH B JLS]GPLH MB DH HPXRL]BC]RPH Q
QHPLH@DB
QHPLH@D B MB BS]RMLG;
BS]RMLG; EPRVG 0 ÉNMLCB
]BCNGDGELH / HPXRL]BC]RPH
VPGCBSG MB BS]RMLG
Hn
H n èd
èdll s l s m l hd
hdóóelcg
CGNCBV]RHDL[HCLGN

KRS]LALCHCLÓN MB DGS
G@KB]GS MB BS]RMLG
HNÈDLSLS MLHDÓELCG MB DH ]BCNGDGEÉH;
]BCNGDGEÉH BN HPXRL]BC]RPH Bs un cgnkuntg mb cgngclilbntgs R@LCHCLÓN ]LBIVG
clbnt
lbntééalc
lchhibntbntb grmbnhmgs, qub BSVHCLG
pbriltbn mlsbøhr slstbihs HNÈDLSLS MBSCPLV]LQG
cgnstruc
cgns tructlvtlvgs
gs qub ahcldlt
ahcldltbn
bn bd prg
prgcbsg
cbsg
mb unhg`r
unhg`rh. h.
HNÈDLSLS MLHDÓELCG

HNÈDLSLS
]BCNGDGEÉH-HI@LBN]HD LN]BPVPB]H]LQG

LMBH PBC]GPH
HI@LBN]HD;
tgmhs
tgmhs hqub
hqubddhs
Sb mba
ddhs cgnmlclg
mbaln
cgnmlclgnbs
lnbn
bn cgig
nbs y rbcursg
cgig
rbcursgss HNÈDLSLS
nhturhdbs qub habcthn mlrbcth g HPERIBN]H]LQG
Dh ibkgrh mb dgs bdbibntgs tbcngdóelcg ahvgrbcbn bd ln
lnml
mlrb
rbct
cthi
hibn
bntb
tb dh rbdh
rbdhcl
clóón bn
bntrtrbb bd HNÈDLSLS
ahctgr hi`lbnthd rbmuclbnmg bd liphctg mb unh ibmlg
ibmlg hi`lb
hi`lbntb
ntb y bd pgtbn
pgtbnclh
clhdd jè`
jè`lth
lthtt HPERIBN]H]LQG
bmlalchclón bn su bntgrng g prgplclhnmg qub dh juihng. CPL]BPLGS MB QHDGP

bmlalchclón sb hmbcub h dgs ahctgrbs cdliètlcgs. KRLCLGS MB QHDGP

 CPÉ]LCH CGN]BZ]RHD
]BGPÉH B JLS]GPLH MB DH HPXRL]BC]RPH Q
QHPLH@DB
QHPLH@D B MB BS]RMLG;
BS]RMLG; EPRVG 0 ÉNMLCB
]BCNGDGELH / HPXRL]BC]RPH
VPGCBSG MB BS]RMLG
CPL]LCH CGN]BZ]RHD
CGNCBV]RHDL[HCLGN
CPÉ]LCH CGN]BZ]RHD
KRS]LALCHCLÓN MB DGS
Rnh crétlch lmbntlalch gplnlgnbs pbrsgnhdbs, dhs cuhdbs biltbn un Cgntbxtuhd sb rbhdlzh un hnèdlsls rbspbctg h un duehr g un G@KB]GS MB BS]RMLG
kulclg mb vhdgr mb unh sltuhclón mbtbrilnhmh mb un tbih. bsphclg mbtbrilnhmg.
R@LCHCLÓN ]LBIVG
BSVHCLG

Crltlch Cgntbxtuhd rbmbalnbn unh lmbh g prlnclplg mb cgig mb`bréh sbr sbeûn un duehr mbtbrilnhmg. HNÈDLSLS MBSCPLV]LQG

HNÈDLSLS MLHDÓELCG

Crltbrlgs mb vhdgr 8 0 Kulclgs mb vhdgr HNÈDLSLS

LN]BPVPB]H]LQG

Lmbhs prgybctuhdbs, phuths g Chrhctbréstlchs pgsltlvhs y nbehtlvhs

LMBH PBC]GPH
prlnclplgs mb cóig mb`b
prgybcthr HNÈDLSLS
HPERIBN]H]LQG
QBN]HKHS MBSQBN]HKHS HNÈDLSLS
HPERIBN]H]LQG
 R]LDL[HCLÓN MB IH]BPLHDBS VPGVLGS MBD DREHP.
 ]ÌCNLCHS CGNS]PRC]LQHS ]PHMLCLGNHDBS CPL]BPLGS MB QHDGP
 IH]BPLHDBS HMBCRHMGS VHPH SRS CGNMLCLGNBS CDLIH]LCHS. KRLCLGS MB QHDGP
 CPÉ]LCH CGN]BZ]RHD
]BGPÉH B JLS]GPLH MB DH HPXRL]BC]RPH Q

R@LCHCLÓN ]LBIVG
BSVHCLG
QHPLH@DB
QHPLH@D B MB BS]RMLG;
BS]RMLG; EPRVG 0 ÉNMLCB
]BCNGD
]BCNGD GELH / HPXRL]
H PXRL]BC]RP
BC]RPH
H VPGCBSG MB BS]RMLG

CGNCBV]RHDL[HCLGN

R@LCHCLÓN ]LBIVG
8266 MC 8166 MC 8566 MC 8:66 MC BSVHCLG

KRS]LALCHCLÓN MB DGS
G@KB]GS MB BS]RMLG

VBPLGMG CGDGNLHD- @HPPGCG HNÈDLSLS MBSCPLV]LQG

HNÈDLSLS MLHDÓELCG

8515 MC HNÈDLSLS
8260 MC 81<8 MC LN]BPVPB]H]LQG

Vrlibrgs kbsulths Bxpudslón m b dh cgiphøéh mb LMBH PBC]GPH

ddbehrgn h shnth cruz mb Vrlibrhs
tlbrrhsrbmucclgnbs
cjlqulthnhs bn Kbsûs bn hibrlch
dh slbrrh HNÈDLSLS
HPERIBN]H]LQG
HNÈDLSLS
HPERIBN]H]LQG

CPL]BPLGS MB QHDGP

KRLCLGS MB QHDGP
 CPÉ]LCH CGN]BZ]RHD
]BGPÉH B JLS]GPLH MB DH HPXRL]BC]RPH Q
QHPLH@DB
QHPLH@D B MB BS]RMLG;
BS]RMLG; EPRVG 0 ÉNMLCB
]BCNGD
]BCNGD GELH / HPXRL]
H PXRL]BC]RP
BC]RPH
H VPGCBSG MB BS]RMLG

CGNCBV]RHDL[HCLGN

SBDBCCLÓN \ KRS]LALCHCLÓN MB DGS G@KB]GS MB BS]RMLG R@LCHCLÓN ]LBIVG

BSVHCLG

KRS]LALCHCLÓN MB DGS
G@KB]GS MB BS]RMLG
Bd usg mb dh tbcngdgeéh bs un bdbibntg qub sb
hctuhdlzh g sb mlvbrslalch h trhvìs mbd tlbipg pgr dg HNÈDLSLS MBSCPLV]LQG

cuhd slbiprb rbspgnmb h dhs nbcbslmhmbs g

HNÈDLSLS MLHDÓELCG
rbqubrlilbntgs mb chmh ìpgch y sb cgnslmbrh un
bdbibntg mb erhn lipgrthnclh bn dh cgnstrucclón. HNÈDLSLS
LN]BPVPB]H]LQG

LMBH PBC]GPH

HNÈDLSLS
HPERIBN]H]LQG
HNÈDLSLS
HPERIBN]H]LQG

CPL]BPLGS MB QHDGP

KRLCLGS MB QHDGP
 CPÉ]LCH CGN]BZ]RHD
]BGPÉH B JLS]GPLH MB DH HPXRL]BC]RPH Q

HNÈDLSLS
MBSCPLV]LQG

 LEDBSLH SHN KHQLBP

 LEDBSLH CGNCBVCLGN

 LEDBSLH SHN LENHCLG MB

QBDHSCG
QHPLH@DB
QHPLH@D B MB BS]RMLG;
BS]RMLG; EPRVG 0 ÉNMLCB
]BCNGDGELH / HPXRL]BC]RPH
VPGCBSG MB BS]RMLG
LEDBSLH
LEDBSLH SHN
SH N KHQLB
KH QLBP
P
CGNCBV]RHDL[HCLGN

AGPIH HI@LBN]HD
HI@ LBN]HD KRS]LALCHCLÓN MB DGS
G@KB]GS MB BS]RMLG

R@LCHCLÓN ]LBIVG
BSVHCLG

HNÈDLSLS MBSCPLV]LQG

HNÈDLSLS MLHDÓELCG

HNÈDLSLS
LN]BPVPB]H]LQG

LMBH PBC]GPH
Bn cuhntg hd usg mb agrihs lmbntlalchigs Hd le
leuh
uhdd qu
qubb iu
iucj
cjhs
hs ilsl
ilslgn
gnbs
bs g rbmu
rbmucc
cclg
lgnb
nbss sb HNÈDLSLS
bdbibntgs
bdbibntgs mbcgrh
mbcgrhtlvgs
tlvgs mb chrèctbr
chrèctbr greènlcg.
greènlcg. grl
grlbnthdh
bnthdh pub
pubrthjhclh
rthjhclh bd ngr
ngrtb.
tb. HPERIBN]H]LQG
HNÈDLSLS
Sb us
ushn
hn cgdg
cgdgrb
rbss vlvgs
lvgs bn bd hd
hdth
thrr y cg
cgdg
dgrb
rbss ih
ihss Bncuhntgg h dh ln
Bncuhnt lncl
clmb
mbnc
nclh
lh sgdh
sgdhrr bd bs
bstb
tb y gbst
gbstbb sb HPERIBN]H]LQG
mlscrbt
mlscrbtgs
gs bn dh ahc
ahcjhmh
jhmh.. jhdd
jhddhn
hn grl
grlbnth
bnthmgs
mgs jhcl
jhclhh dgs dht
dhtbrh
brhdbs
dbs mbd tbipdg
tbipdg y CPL]BPLGS MB QHDGP

Dgs
Dgs bdbi
bdbibn
bntg
tgss vb
vbrt
rtlc
lchd
hdbs
bs ih
ihss ngth
ngth`d
`dbs
bs sgn
sgn dh sb hprg
hprgvb
vbcj
cjhn
hn dh
dhss eh
ehdb
dbréréhs
hs ph
phrh
rh ml
mlsi
siln
lnul
ulrr bd
hsgdbhilbntg. KRLCLGS MB QHDGP
cgduinhsshdgiónlchs.
 CPÉ]LCH CGN]BZ]RHD
]BGPÉH B JLS]GPLH MB DH HPXRL]BC]RPH Q
QHPLH@DB
QHPLH@D B MB BS]RMLG;
BS]RMLG; EPRVG 0 ÉNMLCB
]BCNGDGELH / HPXRL]BC]RPH
VPGCBSG MB BS]RMLG
LEDBSLH
LEDBSLH SHN
SH N KHQLB
KH QLBP
P
CGNCBV]RHDL[HCLGN

ARNCLGN BSVHCLG KRS]LALCHCLÓN MB DGS

G@KB]GS MB BS]RMLG
VDHN]H ]LVG HPXRL]BC]RPH
HPXRL]BC]RPH ILSLGNHD R@LCHCLÓN ]LBIVG
BSVHCLG

HNÈDLSLS MBSCPLV]LQG
B
P
E
N
L
G
S
HNÈDLSLS MLHDÓELCG

HNÈDLSLS
LN]BPVPB]H]LQG

LMBH PBC]GPH
Sb lm
lmbn
bntltlalalch
chnn 2 èr
èrbh
bhss h`
h`lb
lbrt
rths
hs hd pû`d
pû`dlc
lcg;
g; dh nhv
nhvb cbnt
cbntrh
rhd,d, nhvb
nhvbss Sb pubm
pubmbb ml
mlab
abrb
rbnc
nclh
lh un bs
bsph
phcl
clgg h`
h`lb
lbrt
rtg;
g; bd ht
htrlrlgg qu
qubb sb cgnm
cgnmlc
lclg
lgnh
nh
dhtbrhdbs, cgrrbmgrbs,htrlg
dhtbrhdbs, cgrrbmgrbs,htrlg y hdthr. cgig lnerbsgprlnclphd. HNÈDLSLS
HPERIBN]H]LQG
Cgig
Cgig bsph
bsphcl
clgg sbil
sbil--h`
h`lb
lbrt
rtgg tb
tbnb
nbig
igss dh
dhss eh
ehdb
dbréréhs
hs g cgrr
cgrrbm
bmggrb
rbss HNÈDLSLS
Bnt
Bntrb
rb dh
dhss èr
èrbh
bhss rbst
rbstrln
rlnelm
elmhs
hs bs
bstè
tènn dh sh
shcrl
crlst
stéh
éh y phrt
phrtbb mbd
mbd hd
hdthr
thr sl
slbn
bnmg
mg dhtbrhdbs. HPERIBN]H]LQG
bst
bsths
hs mb usgbxcduslvg
usgbxcduslvg mb dgscdìrlegs.
dgscdìrlegs.
CPL]BPLGS MB QHDGP
Bn dg
dgss bsph
bsphcl
clgs
gs cbrr
cbrrhm
hmggs sb bn
bncu
cubn
bntr
trhn
hn dh
dhss 3 nh
nhvb
vbss mb
mbdd tb
tbip
ipdg
dg bd
hdth
hdthrr y dhsshcrlstéh
dhsshcrlstéhs.
s. KRLCLGS MB QHDGP
 CPÉ]LCH CGN]BZ]RHD
]BGPÉH B JLS]GPLH MB DH HPXRL]BC]RPH Q
QHPLH@DB
QHPLH@D B MB BS]RMLG;
BS]RMLG; EPRVG 0 ÉNMLCB
]BCNGDGELH / HPXRL]BC]RPH
VPGCBSG MB BS]RMLG
LEDBSLH CGNCBVCLGN
CGNCBV]RHDL[HCLGN

BSVHCLG AGPIH KRS]LALCHCLÓN MB DGS

G@KB]GS MB BS]RMLG
Vg
Vgsb
sbbb bsph
bsphcl
clgs
gs sbil
sbilh`
h`lb
lbrt
rtgs
gs Dgs bdbibntgs `èslcg mb R@LCHCLÓN ]LBIVG
cgigdhsehdbréhsybdhtrlg bsthss bml
bsth bmlalch
alchclón
clón tlbn
tlbnbn
bn duehr
duehr BSVHCLG
h phrtlr mb unh agrih
rb
rbct
cthn
hneu
eudh
dhrr cg
cgig
ig pdhn
pdhnth
th y bd HNÈDLSLS MBSCPLV]LQG
Dgs bsphclgs lntbrlgrbs g
cb
cbrr
rrhm
hmgs
gs sb cg cgiu
iunl
nlch
chnn cgcgnn bd usgmb unh erhn
erhn cu`
cu`lb
lbrth
rth phrh
phrh
bxtbrlg
bxtbrlgrr mb agr
agrih
ih mlrbcth
mlrbcth.. bndhzhr tgmgs su HNÈDLSLS MLHDÓELCG
cgipgnbntbs.
HNÈDLSLS
LN]BPVPB]H]LQG

HI@LBN]HD
HI@ LBN]HD ARNCLGN LMBH PBC]GPH

HNÈDLSLS
Mb
Mbst
sthc
hchn
hn bd usg mb hm hmg`
g`bb ph
phrh
rh Dh tlpgdgeéh aunclgnhd bs HPERIBN]H]LQG
dgs
dgs iurg
iurgss bd cucuhd
hd pr
prgp
gpgr
grcl
clgn
gnhh `è
`èsl
slchi
chibn
bntb
tb un erhn
erhn bsph
bsphclg
clg HNÈDLSLS
un hls
hlsdhnt
dhntbb tìrilcg
tìrilcg.. bn bd cu
cuhd
hd sb cg
cgne
nerb
rbeh
eh`h
`h dh
dhss HPERIBN]H]LQG
pbrsgnhs phrh dgs hctgs CPL]BPLGS MB QHDGP
rbdlelgsgs.
KRLCLGS MB QHDGP
 CPÉ]LCH CGN]BZ]RHD
]BGPLH B JLS]GPLH MB DH HPXRL]BC]RPH Q
QHPLH@DB
QHPLH@D B MB BS]RMLG;
BS]RMLG; EPRVG 0 ÉNMLCB
]BCNGDGELH / HPXRL]BC]RPH
VPGCBSG MB BS]RMLG
Ledbsl
Led bslh
h SHN LENHCLG
LENHCLG MB QB
QBD
D HSCG
CGNCBV]RHDL[HCLGN

BSVHCLG ARNCLGN KRS]LALCHCLÓN MB DGS

G@KB]GS MB BS]RMLG
D gs bsphclgs h`lbrtgs
Su auncl
aunclón
ón sb mlvlmbbn
mlvlmbbn pû`dlc
pû`dlchh R@LCHCLÓN ]LBIVG
cglnclmbn cgn bd bkbipdg BSVHCLG
y bx
bxcdu
cdusl
slvh
vh slbnm
slbnmgg dh ûdtlih
ûdtlih mb
pr
prbv
bvlg
lg;; dhs
dhs ehdb
ehdbréh
réhss dhtbr
dhtbrhdb
hdbss y
usg mb dgs cdìrlegs pbrg bn
dgs bsphclg
bsphclgss lntbrngs
lntbrngs.. HNÈDLSLS MBSCPLV]LQG
bstbchsg bs mb ibngr
ibngr thihøg.
thihøg.

HNÈDLSLS MLHDÓELCG

HNÈDLSLS
LN]BPVPB]H]LQG
HI@LBN]HD
HI@ LBN]HD AGPIH LMBH PBC]GPH

HNÈDLSLS
Cgig ngth` th`db ahct ctggr hi`l
i`lbnth
nthd Dhs agrihs prbmgiln lnhhntbs
tbs sgn HPERIBN]H]LQG
mbsthch dh grlbnthclón mhmh hd mbcgrhc
mbcg rhclón
lón cgn chrhctb
chrhctbrés
réstlch
tlchss mb
HNÈDLSLS
bipd
bipdhz hzhi
hilblbnt
ntgg ah ahvg
vgrb
rbcl
clbn
bnmg
mg dh pdhnths
pdhnths y mbcgrhm
mbcgrhmgs
gs rbdl
rbdlelg
elgsgs
sgs qub HPERIBN]H]LQG
vbnt
vbntldldhc
hcló
lónn nh
nhtuturrhd y bvlt
bvlthn
hnmg
mg dh cgipdbibnthn
cgipdbi bnthn dh ahcjhmh
ahcjhmh..
bxpgsl
bxpgslclónhd
clónhd sgd.
sgd. CPL]BPLGS MB QHDGP

KRLCLGS MB QHDGP
 CPÉ]LCH CGN]BZ]RHD
]BGPÉH B JLS]GPLH MB DH HPXRL]BC]RPH Q
QHPLH@DB
QHPLH@D B MB BS]RMLG;
BS]RMLG; EPRVG 0 ÉNMLCB
]BCNGDGELH / HPXRL]BC]RPH
VPGCBSG MB BS]RMLG
Ledbslh MB DHS ILSLGNBS KBSRL]LCHS
CGNCBV]RHDL[HCLGN

IBMLG SGCLHD KRS]LALCHCLÓN MB DGS

G@KB]GS MB BS]RMLG
Bd ib
ibml
mlgg sg
sgcl
clhd
hd sb rb
rbdhc
dhclg
lgnh
nh cg
cgnn dh le
ledbs
dbslh
lh y dgs
dgs
R@LCHCLÓN ]LBIVG
due
duehr
hrbs
bs cg
cgdln
dlnmh
mhntb
ntb bn dg
dgss cuh
cuhdbs
dbs sb bvlm
bvlmbnc
bnclh
lh BSVHCLG
dh lipgrthn
lipgrthnclh
clh mbd usuhrlg
usuhrlg
HNÈDLSLS MBSCPLV]LQG

IBMLG CGNS]PRLMG HNÈDLSLS MLHDÓELCG

Dh
Dhss bmla
bmlalc
lchc
hclg
lgnb
nbss hp
hphr
hrtb
tb mb
mbdd tb
tbip
ipdg
dg sb gr
greh
ehnl
nlzh
zhnn HNÈDLSLS
LN]BPVPB]H]LQG
bn tgrn
tgrngg h bstb
bstb mh
mhnmggrle
nmggrlebnbn h un ib
ibmlgcgns
mlgcgnstr
trulm
ulmgg
cbntrhm
cbnt rhmgg bn dh rbdlelgs
rbdlelgslmhm
lmhm.. LMBH PBC]GPH

HNÈDLSLS
HPERIBN]H]LQG
IBMLG HI@
HI@LBN]HD
LBN]HD HNÈDLSLS
HPERIBN]H]LQG
Bd us
usgg mb tìc
tìcnlc
nlchs
hs cg
cgns
nstru
truct
ctlvh
lvhss cg
cgnn bd
bdbib
bibntg
ntgss mbd due
duehr
hr CPL]BPLGS MB QHDGP
ahvg
ahvgrb
rbcb
cb h mlsi
mlsilnu
lnulrlr bd lip
liphct
hctgg mb dh bm
bmlal
lalchc
chcló
lónn rbsp
rbspbct
bctgg
hd ibm
ibmlg
lg hi`lbnt
hi`lbntb.
b. KRLCLGS MB QHDGP
 CPÉ]LCH CGN]BZ]RHD
]BGPÉH B JLS]GPLH MB DH HPXRL]BC]RPH Q

HNÈDLSLS MLHDÓELCG

 LEDBSLH SHN KHQLBP

 LEDBSLH CGNCBVCLGN

 LEDBSLH SHN LENHCLG MB

QBDHSCG
 QHPLH@DB
QHPLH@D B MB BS]RMLG;
BS]RMLG; EPRVG 0 ÉNMLCB
]BCNGDGELH / HPXRL]BC]RPH
VPGCBSG MB BS]RMLG
LEDBSLH
LEDBSLH SHN
SH N KHQLB
KH QLBP
P
CGNCBV]RHDL[HCLGN

]BCNGDGEÉH-ARNCLGN KRS]LALCHCLÓN MB DGS

G@KB]GS MB BS]RMLG
P
Sb utldlzh phrh dgs cbrrhilbntgs bxtbrlgrbs bd iurg mg`db E
N
G
S
L B
mb hmg`b qub prgpgrclgnh unh ibkgr hcûstlch bn bd R@LCHCLÓN ]LBIVG
lntbrlgr. BSVHCLG

HNÈDLSLS MBSCPLV]LQG
Cgn bd aln mb tbnbr un èrbh ûtldd ihs erhnmb sb rbcurrb hd
usg mb cbrcjhs bn dh nhvb cbntrhd y hrcgs mb ibmlg puntg HNÈDLSLS MLHDÓELCG
MLH DÓELCG
bn dh nhvbs dhtbrhdbs .

HNÈDLSLS
]BCNGDGEÉH-BSVHCLG LN]BPVPB]H]LQG

LMBH PBC]GPH
Dh lncgrpgrhclón mb cbrcjhs mb ihmbrh bn
dh nhvb cbntrhd sb cgnsleub bsphclg ihs HNÈDLSLS
hipdlg HPERIBN]H]LQG
HNÈDLSLS
HPERIBN]H]LQG
Hd lncgrpgrhr bd usg mb hrcg mb ibmlg
puntg mb ihmbrh bn nhvbs dhtbrhdbs sb CPL]BPLGS MB QHDGP
bdlilnh bd bxcbsgbnmbdhbdbibntgs
bstructurhdbs ledbslh. KRLCLGS MB QHDGP
 CPÉ]LCH CGN]BZ]RHD
]BGPÉH B JLS]GPLH MB DH HPXRL]BC]RPH Q
QHPLH@DB
QHPLH@D B MB BS]RMLG;
BS]RMLG; EPRVG 0 ÉNMLCB
]BCNGDGELH / HPXRL]BC]RPH
VPGCBSG MB BS]RMLG
LEDBSLH
LEDBSLH SHN
SH N KHQLB
KH QLBP
P
CGNCBV]RHDL[HCLGN

]BCNGDGEÉH-AGPIH KRS]LALCHCLÓN MB DGS

G@KB]GS MB BS]RMLG
Bd pr
prln
lncl
clph
phdd ahct
ahctggr tb
tbcn
cngd
gdóe
óelclcgg pr
prbs
bsbn
bntb
tb bn dh R@LCHCLÓN ]LBIVG
ag
agri
rihh bsbd th
thddh
ddhmg
mg mb su
suss su
supb
pbraralcl
lclbb y dh bs
bs`b
`bdtb
dtbzz BSVHCLG
mbdhs cg
cgdu
duin
inhshs hm
hmbi
bièsès mb
mbdd us
usgg mb unhunh hr
hrcg
cg mb
HNÈDLSLS MBSCPLV]LQG
ihmbrhcgig rbaubrzg.
rbaubrzg.

HNÈDLSLS MLHDÓELCG
MLH DÓELCG

HNÈDLSLS
LN]BPVPB]H]LQG
]BCNGDGEÉH-HI@LBN]HD
LMBH PBC]GPH

HNÈDLSLS
HPERIBN]H]LQG
Dgs ahct
ahctggrb
rbss mb grlrlbn
bnth
thcl
clóón hd ig
igib
ibntntgg mb mbal
mbalnl
nlrr dh
lipdhnt
lipdhnthcló
hclónn sgn lipgrt
lipgrthntb
hntb phrh
phrh cgnstr
cgnstrulr
ulr tgihnmg
tgihnmg bn HNÈDLSLS
HPERIBN]H]LQG
cub
cubnthbd
nthbd ahctg
ahctgrr `lgc
`lgcdli
dliètl
ètlcg
cg y ib
ibkg
kgrh
rhrr dh ch
chdlm
dlmhm
hm mb sus
sus
hi`lbntbs. CPL]BPLGS MB QHDGP

KRLCLGS MB QHDGP
 CPÉ]LCH CGN]BZ]RHD
]BGPÉH B JLS]GPLH MB DH HPXRL]BC]RPH Q
QHPLH@DB
QHPLH@D B MB BS]RMLG;
BS]RMLG; EPRVG 0 ÉNMLCB
]BCNGDGELH / HPXRL]BC]RPH
VPGCBSG MB BS]RMLG
LEDBSLH CGNCBVCLGN
CGNCBV]RHDL[HCLGN

]BCNGDGEÉH-AGPIH KRS]LALCHCLÓN MB DGS

G@KB]GS MB BS]RMLG

Dh
Dhss ibkg
ibkgrh
rhss mb tr
trh`
h`hk
hkgg ahvg
ahvgrb
rbcl
clbr
brgn
gn hd mb
mbsh
shrr
rrgd
gddg
dg mb R@LCHCLÓN ]LBIVG
agrihs
agrihs cgi
cgipdbk
pdbkhs
hs qub vhn mbsmb
mbsmb bdbibntg
bdbibntgss mb ahc
ahcjhmh
jhmhss BSVHCLG
jhsth bdbibntgs
bdbibntgs bstructu
bstructurhdbs.
rhdbs.
HNÈDLSLS MBSCPLV]LQG

HNÈDLSLS MLHDÓELCG
MLH DÓELCG
]BCNGDGEÉH-HI@LBN]HD
HNÈDLSLS
Bd us
usgg mb hmg`
hmg`bb ph
phrh
rh dh
dhss ph
phrb
rbmb
mbss pubm
pubmbb lntb
lntbrp
rprb
rbth
thrs
rsbb LN]BPVPB]H]LQG
cgig
cgig un ahct
ahctgr
gr tb
tbcn
cngd
gdóe
óelclcgg ph
phrh
rh dh cg
cgns
nsbr
brvh
vhcl
clón
ón b
LMBH PBC]GPH
hi`lbnt
hi`lbntbb herhmh
herhmh`db
`db phrh
phrh bd usuhrlg.
usuhrlg.
HNÈDLSLS
HPERIBN]H]LQG
]BCNGDGEÉH-ARNCLGN
HNÈDLSLS
HPERIBN]H]LQG
Dh ibkg
ibkgrh
rh mb bdbi
bdbibnbntg
tg tb
tbcn
cngd
gdóe
óelc
lcgs
gs bn dh bstr
bstruc
uctu
turh
rh
ibkgró dhs
dhs aun
uncclgnh
nhddlm
lmhhm hd ng pgsbb mbihslh slhmgs CPL]BPLGS MB QHDGP
hpgygsbn
hpgygsbn bd lntbrlgr
lntbrlgr..
KRLCLGS MB QHDGP
 CPÉ]LCH CGN]BZ]RHD
]BGPÉH B JLS]GPLH MB DH HPXRL]BC]RPH Q
QHPLH@DB
QHPLH@D B MB BS]RMLG;
BS]RMLG; EPRVG 0 ÉNMLCB
]BCNGDGELH / HPXRL]BC]RPH
VPGCBSG MB BS]RMLG
Ledbsl
Led bslh
h SHN LENHCLG
LENHCLG MB QB
QBD
D HSCG
CGNCBV]RHDL[HCLGN

]BCNGDGEÉH-BSVHCLG KRS]LALCHCLÓN MB DGS

G@KB]GS MB BS]RMLG
Dh bs
bs`b
`bdtb
dtbzz mb dhs cg
cgdui
duinhs
nhs mb ihihmb
mbrh
rh hyumh
hyumhrg rgnn h cr
crbh
bhrr
bs
bsph
phclg
clgss hi
hipdl
pdlgs
gs bn sus lntbr
lntbrlg
lgrb
rbss y ib
ibkg
kgrh
rhrr dhs ehdbr
ehdbréh
éhss R@LCHCLÓN ]LBIVG
pbrlibtrhdbs hd bdlilnhr bd bxcbsg mb bdbibntg BSVHCLG
bstructurhdbs.
HNÈDLSLS MBSCPLV]LQG

]BCNGDGEÉH-AGPIH HNÈDLSLS MLHDÓELCG

MLH DÓELCG

HNÈDLSLS
Dhagrih mb unherhncu`lbr
Dhagrih unherhncu`lbrth
th bnd
bndhz
hzhh h tgm
tgmgsdgs
gsdgs bd
bdbi
bibnt
bntgg LN]BPVPB]H]LQG
prbsbntbs bn dh ahcjhmh gtgreènmgdb un sbntlmg
LMBH PBC]GPH
unlalchmgr.
HNÈDLSLS
]BCNGDGEÉH-HI@LBN]HD HPERIBN]H]LQG
HNÈDLSLS
HPERIBN]H]LQG
Hd rb
rbcur
currlrlrr h ih
ihtb
tbrlh
rlhdb
dbss mb
mbdd duehr
duehr ml
mlgg gr
grle
lebn
bn h sg
sgduc
duclgn
lgnbs
bs
hm
hmbc
bcuhm
uhmhshs phrh
phrh bd ahct
ahctgrgr cdl
cdlih
ih cg
cgig
ig sbsbrr dgsiurgs
dgsiurgs mg`d
mg`dbb CPL]BPLGS MB QHDGP
mb hm
hmg`
g`b,b, dh grlb
grlbnt
nthc
hcló
lónn rb
rbsp
spbc
bctg
tg hd ngr
ngrtb y bd usg
usg mb
ehdbréhss bn sus bxtbrlgrbs.
ehdbréh bxtbrlgrbs. CPL]BPLGS MB QHDGP
 CPÉ]LCH CGN]BZ]RHD
]BGPÉH B JLS]GPLH MB DH HPXRL]BC]RPH Q

HNÈDLSLS

LN]BPVPB]H]LQG
 LEDBSLH SHN KHQLBP
 LEDBSLH CGNCBVCLGN

 LEDBSLH SHN LENHCLG MB

QBDHSCG
 QHPLH@DB
QHPLH@D B MB BS]RMLG;
BS]RMLG; EPRVG 0 ÉNMLCB
]BCNGD
]BCNGD GELH / HPXRL]
H PXRL]BC]RP
BC]RPH
H VPGCBSG MB BS]RMLG

LNQHPLHN]BS CGNCBV]RHDL[HCLGN

Dhs lmbhs tbcngdóelchs qub iès sb rbprbsbnth sgn;

]BCNGDGEÉH-AGPIH KRS]LALCHCLÓN MB DGS
Bstructurhs igmudhrbs bn tgrng h dh pdhzh G@KB]GS MB BS]RMLG
Dh agrih mb dh g`rh sb rbadbkh bn bd tlpg mb
Ahcjhmhs cgn plnturhs iurhdbs ihtbrlhd h dh ahcjhmh `rlnmhnmg lmbntlmhm,mgnmb R@LCHCLÓN ]LBIVG
sb rbadbkh bd dhmrlddg,bd hmg`b y dh utldlzhclón mb BSVHCLG
Qbrmhmbrhs chtbmrhdbs bn
ihmbrhs ,hrcgs mb rbaubrzgs, mlntbdbs y
ihtbrlhdbs ng`dbs’ihmbrhs y HNÈDLSLS MBSCPLV]LQG
cgduinhs qub ebnbrhrgn bs`bdtbz.
hmg`bs’
Bs cgqubth bn su bstructurh bn tgng chab
HNÈDLSLS MLHDÓELCG

]BCNGDGEÉH-BSVHCLG HNÈDLSLS
LN]BPVPB]H]LQG

Grnhibnthclgnbs,y pldhrbs mbkhn unh

Grnhibnthclgnbs,y LMBH PBC]GPH
ehdbréh,sbilh`lbrtg,tbnlbnmg
ehdbréh,sbilh`lbrtg,tbnlbnmg un bsphclg cbntrhd y
bstructurhs igmudhrbs bntgrng h dh pdhzh cgn plnturhs mb HNÈDLSLS
HPERIBN]H]LQG
bsh ìpgch.
]BCNGDGEÉH-ARNCLGN HNÈDLSLS
HPERIBN]H]LQG
Erhclhs hd usg mb cgduinhs mb ihmbrh, sb dgeró
tbnbr unh pdhnth dl`rb mgnmb sb pubmbn rbhdlzhr dhs CPL]BPLGS MB QHDGP
mlstlnths aunclgnbs y hsé dgerhnmg cbntrhdlzhr bd
hdthr. pbriltlbnmg dl`rb clrcudhclón mbntrg mb dh KRLCLGS MB QHDGP
 bmlalchclón. .
CPÉ]LCH CGN]BZ]RHD
]BGPÉH B JLS]GPLH MB DH HPXRL]BC]RPH Q

LMBH PBC]GPH

 LEDBSLH SHN KHQLBP

 LEDBSLH CGNCBVCLGN

 LEDBSLH SHN LENHCLG MB

QBDHSCG
 QHPLH@DB
QHPLH@D B MB BS]RMLG;
BS]RMLG; EPRVG 0 ÉNMLCB
]BCNGD
]BCNGD GELH / HPXRL]
H PXRL]BC]RP
BC]RPH
H VPGCBSG MB BS]RMLG

LMBH PBC]GPH CGNCBV]RHDL[HCLGN

Murhntb bd pbrlgmg cgdgnlhd (8266-8:66 MC) ]BCNGDGEÉH-AGPIH KRS]LALCHCLÓN MB DGS

G@KB]GS MB BS]RMLG
sltuènmgngs bn dgs ddhngs crucbøgs tgihnmg
R@LCHCLÓN ]LBIVG
bn cubnth dh tlpgdgeéh rbdlelgsh, bs ngth`db BSVHCLG
qub bn bstb tlpg mb bmlalchclgnbs prbmgilnb Bd pr
prln
lncl
clph
phdd ah
ahct
ctggr tb
tbcn
cnggdóel
dóelcg
cg pr
prbs
bsbn
bntb
tb bn dh
bd usg mb dh ihmbrh y bd hmg`b, dh ihmbrh agri
agrihh bs bd thd
thddhm
dhmgg mb su
suss su
supb
pbra
ralc
lclb
lb y dh bs
bs`b
`bdtb
dtbzz HNÈDLSLS MBSCPLV]LQG

hmqulbrb unh chrhctbréstlch bstructurhd y mb dh

dhss cgdui
cgduinhs.
nhs.
HNÈDLSLS MLHDÓELCG
crbhn unh nubvh lnngvhclón cgn bd usg mb
unh hrcg mb ihmbrh phrh rbaubrzg jgrlzgnthd. HNÈDLSLS
LN]BPVPB]H]LQG

LMBH PBC]GPH

HNÈDLSLS
HPERIBN]H]LQG
HNÈDLSLS
HPERIBN]H]LQG

CPL]BPLGS MB QHDGP

KRLCLGS MB QHDGP
 CPÉ]LCH CGN]BZ]RHD
]BGPLH B JLS]GPLH MB DH HPXRL]BC]RPH Q

HNÈDLSLS
HPERIBN]H]LQG

 LEDBSLH SHN KHQLBP

 LEDBSLH CGNCBVCLGN

 LEDBSLH SHN LENHCLG MB

QBDHSCG
QHPLH@DB
QHPLH@D B MB BS]RMLG;
BS]RMLG; EPRVG 0 ÉNMLCB
]BCNGDGELH / HPXRL]BC]RPH
VPGCBSG MB BS]RMLG
LEDBSLH
LEDBSLH SHN
SH N KHQLB
KH QLBP
P
CGNCBV]RHDL[HCLGN

Bd usg
usg cg
cgns
nsth
thnt
ntbb mb dh ih
ihmb
mbrh rh bs mb vlth
vlthdd KRS]LALCHCLÓN MB DGS
lipgrthnclh bn dgs tbipdgs hd sbr
G@KB]GS MB BS]RMLG
cgns
cg nslm
lmbr
brhm
hmgg cg
cgig
ig dh ih
ihtb
tbrlrlhh pr
prli
lihh y mb
dh cgnsleub erhn prgvbcjg mb su R@LCHCLÓN ]LBIVG
prgplbmhmbspdèstlchs
prgplb mhmbspdèstlchs y bstructurhdbs.
bstructurhdbs. BSVHCLG

HNÈDLSLS MBSCPLV]LQG

HNÈDLSLS MLHDÓELCG

HNÈDLSLS
LN]BPVPB]H]LQG

LMBH PBC]GPH

HNÈDLSLS
HPERIBN]H]LQG
HNÈDLSLS
HPERIBN]H]LQG

CPL]BPLGS MB QHDGP

KRLCLGS MB QHDGP
 CPÉ]LCH CGN]BZ]RHD
]BGPÉH B JLS]GPLH MB DH HPXRL]BC]RPH Q
QHPLH@DB
QHPLH@D B MB BS]RMLG;
BS]RMLG; EPRVG 0 ÉNMLCB
]BCNGDGELH / HPXRL]BC]RPH
VPGCBSG MB BS]RMLG
Ledbsl
Led bslh
h SHN LENHCLG
LENHCLG MB QB
QBD
D HSCG
CGNCBV]RHDL[HCLGN

KRS]LALCHCLÓN MB DGS
Dh lncg
lncgrp
rpgr
grhc
hcló
lónn mb
mbdd chchip
iphnhnhr
hrlg
lg G@KB]GS MB BS]RMLG
cg
cgnn bd rb
rbst
stgg mb dh bm
bmlalalch
lchcló
clónn rgip
rgipbb R@LCHCLÓN ]LBIVG
cg
cgnn unh tlp
tlpgd
gdge
geéh
éh mb dhs il ilslg
slgnb
nbss y BSVHCLG
ahv
ahvgrb
grbcb
cb h unh ibkgrh
ibkgrh cgnstruc
cgnstructlv
tlvh,
h,
bn bs
bstb
tb tb
tbip
ipdgdg sb jh
jhcb cb unh
unh ihyg
ihygrr HNÈDLSLS MBSCPLV]LQG
usg mb dh ihmbrh hd thddhrsb unh
ahcjhmhcgnerhnmbthddb.. HNÈDLSLS MLHDÓELCG

HNÈDLSLS
LN]BPVPB]H]LQG

LMBH PBC]GPH

HNÈDLSLS
HPERIBN]H]LQG
HNÈDLSLS
HPERIBN]H]LQG

CPL]BPLGS MB QHDGP

KRLCLGS MB QHDGP
 CPÉ]LCH CGN]BZ]RHD
]BGPÉH B JLS]GPLH MB DH HPXRL]BC]RPH Q
QHPLH@DB
QHPLH@D B MB BS]RMLG;
BS]RMLG; EPRVG 0 ÉNMLCB
]BCNGDGELH / HPXRL]BC]RPH
VPGCBSG MB BS]RMLG
LEDBSLH CGNCBVCLGN
CGNCBV]RHDL[HCLGN

Bd usg mb agrih bstr truuct

ctuurhd mb dh ihmbrh KRS]LALCHCLÓN MB DGS
hmqu
hmqulb lbrb
rb erhn
erhn ngtg
ngtgrlrlbm
bmhm
hm pg pgrr ah
ahvg
vgrb
rbcb
cbrr dh G@KB]GS MB BS]RMLG
crbhcló
crbhclónn mb bsp
bsphclg
hclgss hipd
hipdlgsmgnmb
lgsmgnmb dhsducbs R@LCHCLÓN ]LBIVG
bn
bntr
trbb cg
cgdu
duin
inhs
hs ng sg
sgnn chchrerehm
hmhshs mb
mb`l
`lmg
mg h dh BSVHCLG
bs`
bs`bdtb
bdtbzz mb dhs cgdu
cgduinhsmb
inhsmb ihmbrh.ihmbrh.
HNÈDLSLS MBSCPLV]LQG

HNÈDLSLS MLHDÓELCG

HNÈDLSLS
LN]BPVPB]H]LQG

LMBH PBC]GPH
HNÈDLSLS
HPERIBN]H]LQG
HNÈDLSLS
HPERIBN]H]LQG

CPL]BPLGS MB QHDGP

KRLCLGS MB QHDGP
 CPÉ]LCH CGN]BZ]RHD
]BGPÉH B JLS]GPLH MB DH HPXRL]BC]RPH Q

CPL]BPLGS MB QHDGP

 LEDBSLH SHN KHQLBP

 LEDBSLH CGNCBVCLGN

 LEDBSLH SHN LENHCLG MB

 QBDHSCG

QHPLH@DB
QHPLH@D B MB BS]RMLG;
BS]RMLG; EPRVG 0 ÉNMLCB
]BCNGD
]BCNGD GELH / HPXRL]
H PXRL]BC]RP
BC]RPH
H VPGCBSG MB BS]RMLG

CGNCBV]RHDL[HCLGN

CPL]BPLGS
CPL]BPLGS MB QHDGP
QHD GP KRS]LALCHCLÓN MB DGS
G@KB]GS MB BS]RMLG

◇ pgr dh ignuibnthdlmhm mb dhs R@LCHCLÓN ]LBIVG

BSVHCLG
cgduinhs mb ihmbrh sb dgeró dh
clrcudhclón mbd hlrb mbntrg mb dh HNÈDLSLS MBSCPLV]LQG
bmlalchclón
◇ pdhthagrih bdbvhmh (hdthr) bsphclg HNÈDLSLS MLHDÓELCG
cbntrhd mbstlnhmg h usgs cbrbignlhdbs
HNÈDLSLS
◇ bd usg mb dhs cgduinhs sb mbsthcó bn LN]BPVPB]H]LQG
sus ahcjhmhs

LMBH PBC]GPH
HNÈDLSLS
HPERIBN]H]LQG
HNÈDLSLS
HPERIBN]H]LQG

CPL]BPLGS MB QHDGP

KRLCLGS MB QHDGP
 KRLCLGS MB QHDGP

CPÉ]LCH CGN]BZ]RHD
]BGPÉH B JLS]GPLH MB DH HPXRL]BC]RPH Q

KRLCLGS MB QHDGP

 LEDBSLH SHN KHQLBP

 LEDBSLH CGNCBVCLGN

 LEDBSLH SHN LENHCLG MB

 QBDHSCG

QHPLH@DB
QHPLH@D B MB BS]RMLG;
BS]RMLG; EPRVG 0 ÉNMLCB
]BCNGD
]BCNGD GELH / HPXRL]
H PXRL]BC]RP
BC]RPH
H VPGCBSG MB BS]RMLG

KRLCLGS MB QHDGP CGNCBV]RHDL[HCLGN

KRS]LALCHCLÓN MB DGS
G@KB]GS MB BS]RMLG
NBEH]LQG VGSL]LQG R@LCHCLÓN ]LBIVG
BSVHCLG

◇ dh ignuibnthdlmhm mb dh bmlalchclón ◇
HNÈDLSLS MBSCPLV]LQG
jhcb pbrmbr bd sbntlmg mb hpbeg Bd usg mbcrbhr
pbriltló dhs cgduinhs
ehdbrlhs bxtbrlgrbs
bsplrltuhd ◇ Dh tìcnlch cgnstructlvh pbriltló
HNÈDLSLS MLHDÓELCG
◇ ihtbrlhdbs cgnstructlvgs iuy dlilthmgs ebnbrhr bsphclgs mb mg`db hdturh HNÈDLSLS
◇ Erhclhs h dgs ihtbrlhdbs ushmgs sb LN]BPVPB]H]LQG
pbriltló dh rbeudhclón mb dh
tbipbrhturh lntbrnh LMBH PBC]GPH
HNÈDLSLS
HPERIBN]H]LQG
HNÈDLSLS
HPERIBN]H]LQG

CPL]BPLGS MB QHDGP
 KRLCLGS MB QHDGP

CPÉ]LCH CGN]BZ]RHD
]BGPÉH B JLS]GPLH MB DH HPXRL]BC]RPH Q
QHPLH@DB
QHPLH@D B MB BS]RMLG;
BS]RMLG; EPRVG 0 ÉNMLCB
]BCNGD
]BCNGD GELH / HPXRL]
H PXRL]BC]RP
BC]RPH
H VPGCBSG MB BS]RMLG

CPÉ]LCH CGN]BZ]RHD CGNCBV]RHDL[HCLGN

KRS]LALCHCLÓN MB DGS
G@KB]GS MB BS]RMLG

Dh ihmbrh bs bd prlnclphd ihtbrlhd cgnstructlvg hd qub R@LCHCLÓN ]LBIVG

BSVHCLG
sb pubmb htrl`ulr cgig bd bdbibntgs chrhctbréstlcg bn
tgmhs dhs ilslgnbs, sb crbh unh tlpgdgeéh qub bs HNÈDLSLS MBSCPLV]LQG
bvlmbntb bn tgmhs dhs ledbslhs qub mbsmb un puntg mb
vlsth ebnbrhd sb bntlbnmb cgig unh bschsh HNÈDLSLS MLHDÓELCG
crbhtlvlmhm h rbspbctg h su pdhnth.
HNÈDLSLS
LN]BPVPB]H]LQG

LMBH PBC]GPH
HNÈDLSLS
HPERIBN]H]LQG
HNÈDLSLS
HPERIBN]H]LQG

CPL]BPLGS MB QHDGP
 CPL]BPLGS MB QHDGP

CPÉ]LCH CGN]BZ]RHD
]BGPÉH B JLS]GPLH MB DH HPXRL]BC]RPH Q

APHSB
 EPRVG 0 ÉNMLCB
]BCNGD
]BCNGD GELH / HPXRL]
H PXRL]BC]RP
BC]RPH
H VPGCBSG MB BS]RMLG

VBNSHILBN]G CGNCBV]RHDL[HCLGN

KRS]LALCHCLÓN MB DGS
G@KB]GS MB BS]RMLG

R@LCHCLÓN ]LBIVG
BSVHCLG

¨DH ]HPBH MBD HHPXR

PXRL]B
L]BC]G
C]G HNÈDLSLS MBSCPLV]LQG

CGNSLS]B
CGNS LS]B BN VP
VPGVGPC
GVGPCLGNHP
LGNHP H DH HNÈDLSLS MLHDÓELCG
QLMH , RNH BS]PRC]RPH
BS]PRC]RPH IÈS
SBNSL@DB¨ HNÈDLSLS
LN]BPVPB]H]LQG

LMBH PBC]GPH
HNÈDLSLS
HPERIBN]H]LQG
HD
H D QH
QHPPHHHH D ]G HNÈDLSLS
8:<:
8: <: - 8<
8<51
51 HPERIBN]H]LQG

CPL]BPLGS MB QHDGP
 CPL]BPLGS MB QHDGP

CPÉ]LCH CGN]BZ]RHD
]BGPLH B JLS]GPLH MB DH HPXRL]BC]RPH Q
EPRVG 0

]BCNGD
]BCNGD GELH / HPXRL]
H PXRL]BC]RP
BC]RPH
H