INGLES BÁSICO II

UNIDAD II
LET´S ASK

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SEMANA 4

Introducción

De acuerdo a la demanda que conlleva la vida diaria tanto como la laboral, ésta se
torna cada vez más exigente. Después de haber cursado el nivel I de inglés básico,
este nivel, permitirá ahondar aún más los conocimientos básicos a explorar y poner
en práctica lo ya aprendido.

La asignatura cuenta con 3 unidades con sus respectivos contenidos y vídeos

explicativos a modo de apoyo.

La primera unidad orienta al estudiante a manejar otros tiempos verbales de mayor

complejidad, modos de expresión y así ya poder alcanzar una motivación tanto oral
como escrita de lo aprendido. La unidad dos, tiene como finalidad que el estudiante
junto a nuevas herramientas desarrolle e incorpore lo aprendido a situaciones
cotidianas de mayor complejidad. Y por último la tercera unidad, estimula al
estudiante a incorporar todo lo ya aprendido y nuevos conocimientos a un ámbito
más laboral y profesional que le permitirá desarrollarse de mejor forma en esta área.

Por último se espera que este curso sea de utilidad tanto para vuestra vida personal
como profesional.

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 Ideas fuerza

1.- Modals: are auxiliar verbs that work together with the main verb to show certain
modalities such as: permission, abilities, capabilities, obligations, etc.

2.- Can: is an auxiliar verb that shows ability and permission (informal)

3.- Could: is an auxiliar verb, is the past of Can and it also shows ability and
permission (formal)

4.- May: is an auxiliar verb that shows possible happenings or actions in the future.

5.- Might: is an auxiliar verb that shows posible happenings or actions in the
future. It is used when the action is less posible that it happen.

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1. LIKE/ HATE + - ING

Fuente imagen: office

The use of these verbs: LIKE – HATE + ING , help to emphasises the action itself,
specially to show lack, reject or enjoyment of something. Examples:

We like spending time together

Fernando hates cooking but he likes cleaning the house.

Note: In some cases we use Like – Hate + to infintive, this happens with American English,
but in this case the use of infinitive is to show the result of those actions, events, etc.
Examples:

I hate to see por people on the Street, they deserv a better life style.

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I like to organice my previous week schedule on Fridays evening, so in this way I can relax
on weekends

1 Note: The same way you can apply these rules with verbs such as: love and prefer,
examples:

I love riding horse in countriside

I prefer driving during the day rather than in the night.

2Note: Prefer and love ,you can also use them with infinitive + to, examples:

I prefer to talk to you in person.

I love to see you as soon as possible.

3Note: We use these verbs with WOULD + infinitive + to, it can never be use with –ing.
Examples:

I would love/hate/prefer/love to eat fish instead of meat.

Now put in practice all this knowledge into the following exercices:

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Fuente imagen:
http://www.servator.cat/eva/index_files/Grammar/2ndcycle/4tESO/likelovehateinfger.htm

If you need more help with the use of love- hate- like – prefer, please watch the following
video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42G2DO4pZTI

Pregunta de Reflexión:
1.- Explain in your own words what kind of things you like/love/hate/prefer to do.

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2. MAKING PHONE CALLS:

Fuente imagen: Office

One of the ways to communicate with people is by different medias. Telephoning is one of
them. Depending on what kind of situation you are in, you have to choose between a
formal or informal language, so be careful to use the righ one.

To stablish a talk by telephone there are different steps to follow:

Example of a formal call:

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Fuente Imagen: Office

SPEAKER RECEIVER
Hello? Hello, May I speak with Pedro
Salazar please?
Who is calling? This is Margaret Rojas, the
owner of Capital Company from
Copiapó
Ohh I see, one moment please. Thank you!
I ´ll put you through.

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 Example of an informal call:

S SPEAKER RECEIVER
Hello Is Tamara there?
Speaking! Hi! Tamara , it is Esteban here
Ohh Hi Esteban, How are you? Fine! And you? Long time we don´t
talk…

To start any phone call, you must include the following:

1.- Introduce yourself:

When you make the call is normal that you give your name, like:

“ Hello, my name is Katherine Rodriguez”

“This is Samantha Thompson calling to speak with Ms. Fernádez”
“This is Héctor González”

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If the person who is calling doesn´t give his-her name, you can ask:

“Excuse me, May I know who is calling?”

“Which company are you calling from?”

2.- Polite way to ask

When you make a formal call it is necessary to add a formal and polite language,
specially when you have to make questions, examples:

“ May I speak with …”

“Could I talk to somenone from the main office, please?”

“ I want to speak to …”

“Can I have the message?”

3.- Transferring and Holding

This two actions are made when someone ask you to hold and you need to “wait” till the
receiver put you through with the right person to talk to. Examples:

“ Please Hold on some minutes..”

“Could you please hold on?”

“ Ok. I ´ll put you through with Mr. Roberto Carreño...”

“Hold the line a moment”

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 4.- Leaving a Message

When you need to leave a message to someone else, you need to be clear about what you
want. So in this case you have to:

Leave your full name

The reason of your call or what do you need
Your phone number in case the person need to call you back.

Voicemail recording or writing it down, example:

“ Hello This is Gaby Muñoz speaking, I ´m leaving this message to Mr González, I would
like to fix a meeting with him for this coming week, so if he can call me back to: +56
978675643, I would appreaciate it. Thank you, Goodbye”

Or in case you need to leave a message, look the following dialogue:

SPEAKER RECEIVER
….I m afraid the person you are asking Can I leave a message for him- her?
is not here at the momento.
Sure.. Can I have your phone number? Yes, it is + 56 9 567 35 446
Ok, so it is : + 56 9 567 35 446? Yes , that´s right, Can you tell him-her
to call me back as soon as posible, it ´s
important.
Sure, I ´ll give him your message Thank you so much, goodbye
Goodbye.

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Now look the following dialogues as examples:

Fuente imagen: https://www.thoughtco.com/telephone-practice-english-with-dialogues-

1211307

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 Fuente imagen: https://www.thoughtco.com/telephone-practice-english-with-
dialogues-1211307

Now try to make a dialoge making a phone call between you and someone from the office
where you like to work in and try to fix a meeting:

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If you need more help to make phone calls, here you a video with a simple guidance:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ljbgtEl2n2E

Pregunta de Reflexión

1.- You are in your office but you need to call to a family member to organice your
mom´s birthday: What kind of communication you would use and what you would say
in the phone call?

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3. MODAL VERBS: CAN- CAN´T – MAY- MIGHT (POSSIBILITY-PERMISSION- ABILITY)

Fuente Imagen: Office

The definition of MODAL VERBS is that they are auxiliar verbs. They are different from
normal verbs and they do not need an extra auxiliar to make questions or negative
sentences.

Their behavior is irregular. They always have the same form, never change. They are
followed by an infinitive without “to”, example:

They can paint that wall

Modals can help you to express: willingness, certainty, obligation, possibility,necessity,

ability.

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In this chapter we will study Ability,Permission and Possibility modals, which are: CAN –
COULD – MAY- MIGHT.

CAN: It is used to express that something is possible to do or someone has the ability to
do. It is also used to ask for permission, general and occasional possibilities. Can is used
for present and future ideas. Let ´s check some examples:

Can you speak French?

I can see the ocean from my new flat

I´m very sorry but I cannot go to your wedding

Note: Can is used in a more informal situations than May

Different Uses:

1.-If you need to ask someone to do something:

Jorge, Can you do me a favor please?

Please: Can you wait for me some minutes?

Excuse me: Can you tell me how to get the main station?

2.- General Possibilities:

You can speak 4 languages, so you will learn another one

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3.- Give permission (informal):

You can smoke here if you want

4.- To talk about things are allowed to or not to:

In Chile you can´t smoke in public places

5.- To offer things:

Hello, How can I help you?

Fuente Imagen: Cambridge

COULD: This auxiliar is also known as the past of Can.

1.-It is used to say that someone HAD the ability to to do something:

My mom could speak Latin properly since she attended a catholic school when she was
a little girl
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2.- When you want to make a suggestion about possible future actions:

When you go to México, you could visit the great Piramids

3.- To ask for something but is more formal than can:

Could I have something to eat?

Could I ask a question please?

4.- Asking for and giving permission

Denis, Could I borrow your car for a couple of hours?

MAY- MIGHT: Both have a more formal way to ask and give permission than Can or
Could. They have almost the same meaning, at the same time, they are used when you
are not sure if something is going to happen or not.
Might: shows less probability that something can be possible and in some cases it is the
past of May:

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Fuente Imagen: Cambridge

Examples:

I might go to cinema this afternoon but I´ m not sure yet

Today my mom bought 2 lotto tickets, she might be a millionare.

1.- To express future possibilities:

I thing Roberto might arrive late, there are a lot of traffic

2.- To give permission:

When you finish your work, you may leave the office

3.- To ask permission (more polite and formal):

May I use the toillet please?

4.- To talk about common or typical things:

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Seniors may feel very lonely if their family members don´t visit them

5.- To express wishes:

May you have a lovely honey moon

Fuente imagen: office

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Structure:

Affirmative

Subject + Modal Verb + Verb (base form of the infinitive)

I/ We/You/They/ + CAN-MAY-MIGHT + do/play/see/come, etc

He/ She/ It

Negative

Subject + Modal Verb + not + Verb (base form of the infinitive)

He can´t / cannot / may not / mayn´t / might not / mightn´t - speak Arabic.

Question

Wh- H + Can-May- Might + I/ We / You /They + Do/Play/See ?

What can you see?

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Exercise: Complete these sentences with modal verbs according to the situation:

1.- Rodrigo ________ drive but he doesn’t have a car.

2.- He __________ play tennis, he broke his leg.

3.- _______ you wait a moment please?

4.- Jorge, _______ you do me a favour ?

5.- I ______ go out, I have a lot of homeworks to do.

6.- Hello, _____ I speak to Susana please?

7.- We _______ go to Farellones for our winter holidays

8.- Martes ______be seen clearly in the night during this month
9.- I feel so tired today. I think I _________have a spa.

10.- Someone has forgotten to pay. _________ it be you?

If you need more help with modal verbs, please check the following vídeo:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3SgP8Giquks

Pregunta de Reflexión

1.- If you need to explain to your boss your abilities, what would you say and
what modal verb you should apply?

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 Conclusión

Terminada la cuarta semana, es posible mencionar que se trataron

Conocimientos importantes y a la vez el desarrollo de situaciones coloquiales en
su generación y desarrollo.

En primera instancia se estudió el uso de verbos + gerundio, sus reglas

gramaticales las cuales les ayudan a diseñar oraciones simples para situaciones
cotidianas básicas y de fácil expresión.

Por otra parte, se analizó el uso de los modales de habilidades, permiso y

posibilidad, que son de mucho uso al momento de aplicarlo en situaciones
laborales para poder expresar esas acciones dentro de un contenido junto a sus
reglas gramaticales que ayudan a expresar la o no posibilidad de hacer algo.

Todo el conocimiento adquirido hasta ahora, también puede ser expresado en

situaciones como se aplicó en esta semana de poder hacer llamadas telefónicas
las cuales te ayudan a como dar inicio, desarrollo y termino a una llamada
telefónica dentro de un contexto formal e informal.

Ahora, la invitación es a seguir a la siguiente semana: Adelante!

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 Bibliografía

-Swan, M. (1997). How english works: A gramar practice book. With answer.
Oxford: Oxford University Press.

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- Elementary Business Vocabulary in Use (2006),Cambridge University Press

- Oxford Spanish Dictionary (1994), Oxford University Press

- English Grammar in Use (1997), Cambridge University Press

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