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LIBRO DE RESÚMENES
S6.P19
Objetivos: Evaluar los efectos de las herbáceas sobre la supervivencia de leñosas de la zona central de
Chile. Estudiar la influencia del riego y la variabilidad interanual sobre las interacciones herbáceas-leñosas.
Localización/ecosistema: Matorral esclerófilo. Chile central. Métodos: Se realizó una plantación
experimental de tres leñosas en campo con la combinación de tratamientos: riego/sin riego, herbáceas/sin
herbáceas. Se monitoreó la supervivencia, humedad del suelo y cobertura de herbáceas. El experimento se
repitió al año siguiente. Resultados: La precipitación durante el segundo experimento fue mayor. En el
primer experimento las réplicas sin hierbas tuvieron mayor humedad y supervivencia. En el segundo
experimento las réplicas con herbáceas tuvieron más humedad y más supervivencia, y el efecto fue
significativo. El riego modificó en algunos casos el efecto de las hierbas, y la supervivencia en el segundo
año fue significativamente mayor. Conclusiones: El factor que más afectó a la supervivencia fue la
variabilidad interanual, que también afectó al efecto hierbas, siendo fundamentalmente neutro o negativo
en el primer año. El efecto negativo se deberá a una mayor competencia por la humedad. En el segundo
año el efecto de las hierbas fue facilitador. Al no ser el agua un factor limitante, las herbáceas podrían
actuar protegiendo de la evaporación o atenuando la temperatura. Esta influencia de la varibiabilidad entre
años muestra la importancia de la repetición de experimentos.
S6.P20
Objetivos: Infrastructure construction have given rise to novel scenarios characterized by new
combination of species and differential ecosystem functioning. This skew in community composition,
compared to that of adjacent vegetation patches, suggests limited connectivity between roadslopes and the
surrounding landscape. The main goal of this study was to determine the potential role of birds as seed
dispersers in embankments from native vegetation adjacent patches. We expected that plantations of
fleshy-fruited woody species would increase the arrival rate of seeds, as they would provide food, shelter
and perch sites for birds. A secondary goal was to assess the role played by positive plant-plant
interactions in plant recruitment under isolated tree and shrub plantations. We tested whether these
plantations intercept seeds and can act as nurse species. Ultimately, our goal was to assess to what extent
plantations may catalyze nucleation processes and species interaction networks at the roadside.
Localización/ecosistema: We designed experiments in the A-1 highway, El Molar (Madrid, Central
Spain). Métodos: We selected six embankments: three controls (without plantations) and other three
with treatments (plantation). We carried out census of birds to estimate the density per surface during
autumn and winter season. Faeces were collected during the fruit production period in order to measure
the use of the slopes by birds. Woody species seed viability was evaluated. Flora surveys were performed
in embankment to analyse the effect of the plantations over the recruitment and diversity, in plots with
three types of treatments (plantation with watering, outside plantation with watering and outside
plantation without watering). Resultados: Preliminary results showed that avian communities significantly
differed between treated and control embankments.
230
IX Congreso de la Asociación Española de Ecología Terrestre. Úbeda 18-22 de Octubre de 2009
SESIÓN 6. Manejo Sostenible, Conservación y Restauración de Ecosistemas
S6.P21
Traffic pollutant inputs to the roadside: Impacts of CO2 and metals on morphological
and physiological traits in Dactylis glomerata
Jiménez, M.D. (1, 2), de Torre, R. (2), Mola, I. (4), Vazquez, A. (1), Casado, M.A. (2) y Balaguer, L. (1)
(1) Department of Vegetal Biology I, Complutense University. (2) Department of Ecology, Complutense University. (3) Department of
Zoology, Complutense University. (4)Department of Research, Development and Innovation, OHL
jimenezmd@bio.ucm.es
Objetivos: The roadside environment is subjected to traffic pollutant that influence plant growth and
development, such as metal particles, and carbon dioxide. However, their specific effects on plants
growing under natural conditions are not well documented, since most of these studies are carried out in
greenhouses or climatic chambers. Accordingly, we designed two separate experiments at the roadside in
order to identify the effects of CO2 and metals on the morphological and physiological traits in Dactylis
glomerata. Localización/ecosistema: The two experiments were carried out in the M-12 highway
(Madrid, Central Spain). Métodos: In the first experiment we analyzed field CO2 response curves (A/Ci
curves) in plants growing at three distances (near, medium and far) from the road in six different sites with
different traffic intensity. SLA, pigments and foliar carbon and nitrogen were also analyzed. In the second
experiment we selected plants growing at two distances from the road in eight sites (with different traffic
intensities) for the assay of six metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Sr, Sn and Cd) in leaves and roots. A soil sample was
also collected nearby these plants to assay the same metals and pH, organic matter and texture.
Resultados: Acclimation to high traffic intensities resulted in a decrease in Vcmax and Jmax., and therefore
a down-regulation of photosynthesis. Furthermore, plants exposed to elevated traffic intensities
accumulated higher contents in roots and leaves for Pb, Zn, Cu, and Sr. Conclusiones: Our results
support that plants growing at the roadside are directly affected by traffic pollutant inputs.
S6.P22
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