UNIT 4 GO FOR IT

GRAMMAR: PAST SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS

FUTURE SIMPLE – EL FUTURO SIMPLE: WILL + RAÍZ DEL VERBO

Afirmativas: Sujeto + will + verbo.

Negativas: Sujeto + will not + verbo.
Interrogativas: Will + sujeto + verbo?

Empleamos el futuro simple en los siguientes casos:

A. Para expresar una acción futura. Ex. They will take the bus tomorrow at 7.00 am.

B. Para expresar una decisión espontánea tomada en el momento de hablar. Ex. Someone’s at the door.
I’ll get it.

C. Para expresar una predicción basada en ciertas condiciones o concesiones o para hacer una
advertencia. Ex. If you don’t hurry, you will be late. / Don’t play with matches. You’ll burn yourself.

D. Para expresar deseo o rechazo a hacer algo. Ex.I’ll help you if I have time. / I won’t speak to him again.

E. Usamos el Presente Simple: para planes futuros (en la oración suele ir alguna expresión temporal que
indique tiempo futuro). Suele referirse a horarios o programas. Ex. The new programme begins next week

F. Usamos el Presente Continuo: para preparativos o planes en un futuro próximo (generalmente con
expresiones de tiempo). EX. She is giving a party tonight

BE + GOING TO + VERBO:

Afirmativas: Sujeto + am / is / are going to + verbo

Negativas: Sujeto + am / is / are not going to + verbo

Interrogativas: am / is / are + sujeto + going to + verbo

a. Para hablar de nuestras intenciones o planes en el futuro próximo: I am going to go to Rome in

my holidays.

b. Para indicar lo que está a punto de ocurrir porque vemos indicios de ello: It is going to rain. (el cielo
está nublado).

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FUTURE CONTINUOUS – EL FUTURO CONTINUO

Afirmativas: Sujeto + will + to be + verbo –ing.

Negativas: Sujeto + will not + to be + verbo –ing.

Interrogativas: Will + sujeto + to be + verbo –ing.

El futuro continuo se usa en los siguientes casos:

A. Cuando sabemos algo que estará teniendo lugar en un momento del futuro. De la misma manera
que el presente continuo se usa para acciones que están ocurriendo en el presente.

Meet me at 7.00 tonight. I’ll be waiting at the entrance of the cinema.

B. Para sugerir algo que ya había sido planeado.

This time next web, we will be showing the same film for those unable to come tonight (también podríamos
emplear el futuro simple).

FUTURE PERFECT – EL FUTURO PERFECTO.

Afirmativas: Sujeto + will + have + participio

Negativas: Sujeto + will not + have + participio.
Interrogativas: Will + sujeto + have + participio.
El futuro perfecto se usa para indicar que una acción habrá terminado en un momento concreto del
futuro: I will have washed the dishes by three o’clock.

1. Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentences.

1. Don’t worry! The helicopter will be/is here soon!
2. By midnight, we reach/will have reached the jungle.
3. It is going to snow/is snowing in the mountains later.
4. I’m excited because I will have done/am doing my first parachute jump tomorrow.
5. This time tomorrow, we will sail/will be sailing across the Atlantic!
6. The train to the ski resorts leaves/is going to leave at six o’clock.

2. Freddie is going to travel across Africa on his motorbike. Ask him questions about his trip. Use
the ideas below.
1. What / you / take / on the journey?
What will you take on the journey?

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 2. When / trip / start?
3. Why / do / this?
4. How long / you / need / pack / before / you leave?
5. How far / you / ride / by end of trip?
6. You / visit / any places?
7. What / happen / if / you / run out of water?
8. Is there someone / help you / in emergency?

3. Complete the talk below with the correct future form of the verbs in brackets.
Welcome to Teen Adventure!
At last you 1) ………………… (find out) (present simple /going to) where we 2) ………………… (send) (future
perfect / present continuous) you tomorrow. At 6.00 a.m., the boat 3) ………………… (leave) (going to /
present simple) here for a remote desert island, which will be your home for the next two weeks. You 4)
………………… (learn) (will / present continuous) to survive without any creature comforts or luxuries for a
fortnight. You 5) ………………… (work) (present continuous / future continuous) as a team but without any
contact with the outside world. So no mobile phones or internet access! By the end of the fourteen days,
you 6) ………………… (discover) (will / future perfect) how to catch fish, make your own shelter and hopefully,
you 7) …………………(have) (future perfect / present continuous) a bit of fun as well!

4. Choose the correct form to complete the sentences.

1. It’s going to be / being a beautiful day tomorrow.
2. Our club is planning / plans a mountain walk for next weekend.
3. We’ll have learnt / ‘ll learn how to water-ski by the end of next week.
4. The ferry for the island leaves / is leaving at 9 o’clock every morning. Don’t miss it!
5. I’ll / ‘m going to carry your sleeping bag for your if you’ll cook the supper!
6. A: What are your plans for tomorrow?
B: Well, we’ll climb / ‘re going to climb that peak over there
7. This time next week we’ll be travelling / ‘ll travel across Europe.
8. They’re swimming / will swim in the lake this evening.

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READING: READY FOR A CHALLENGE?
1. Read the text. Which person mentions:
1. Being used to a comfortable life?
2. Overcoming a recent illness?
3. Making a difficult decision about another person?
4. Spending a lot of time preparing for the challenge?
5. A fear they’ve had for a long time?
6. Character-building activities?
7. Being fully prepared?
8. Learning survival techniques?
9. The benefits of experiencing nature?
10. Finding out about activities from others? (two people)
11. Having to complete a series of tasks within a time limit?
12. Helping a good cause? (two people)

2. Find words or phrases in the article that match these meanings.

1. Top of a mountain (section A)
2. Things that make life more comfortable (section B) (two phrases)
3. Insects (section B)
4. City (section C)
5. Not formed naturally (section C)
6. Believing that good things will happen (section D)

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VOCABULARY: NATURE
CHALLENGES
1. Match the words (1-10) from the first article to the meanings (a-j)
1. Fitness (section A) 6. Find my way (section B)
2. Safety (section A) 7. Countryside (section C)
3. Equipment (section A) 8. Achieve (section C)
4. Survival (section B) 9. Exploring (section C)
5. Outdoors (section B) 10. Aim for (section D)

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 a. Not inside a building
b. Things you use for a particular purpose
c. Being healthy and physically active
d. Plan and try to do something
e. Succeed in doing something difficult
f. Land that is outside cities and towns
g. Living under difficult circumstances
h. Get to your destination
i. Not taking risks
j. Finding out what a new area is like

2. Complete these phrases with words from the first article.

1. Stand … the pace … (section A)
2. Have ………………about (section A)
3. Complete ………………(section A)
4. Spend ………………(section B)
5. Catch ………………(section B)
6. Light ………………(section B)
7. Set ………………(section C)
8. Join ………………(section D)
9. Raise ………………(section D)

3. Put these words into the correct column.

A route advice aims difficulties dreams fears goals hopes instructions nothing
potential problems.
Overcome Achieve Fulfil Follow

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4. Complete the sentences so that they are true for you.
1. I’d like to go on a survival course so I could …
2. I’d hate to go on a survival course because …
3. The goal that I want to achieve is …
4. One day I’d really like to …
WORDZONE
Want to make nouns from
adjectives? Add these endings: -
ence, -(i)ty, -ness
Silent .- silence
Safe .- safety
Kind .- kindness

5. Complete the table with an adjective or noun from the first article.
Adjective Noun
Important
Difficulty
Convenient
Toughness
fit
Self-confidence

6. Complete the sentences with the correct form of these words.

Able independent intelligent patient popular possible selfless useful weak
1. It takes a lot of ………………to catch fish.
2. There’s a ………………that the trip might be cancelled.
3. Young people enjoy the feeling of ………………while they’re away from home.
4. The expedition really showed the team’s strengths and ………………
5. The ………………of mountain-biking has increased in recent years.
6. She has real ………………as a skier.
7. The ………………of the safety equipment soon became clear.
8. You can’t think about yourself: complete ………………is essential.
9. You need ………………to teach survival skills.

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LISTENING
1. Listen to Liz Scarff talk about trying to live as a freegan. Mark the sentences T (true) or F
(false).
Sunday
1. You should take gloves and a torch with you before going to look in bins.
2. Large shops are better than small or medium size ones.
3. In the first bin they found frozen chicken soup and chilli con carne.
4. They also found some eggs, but they were past their sell-by date.
5. Ross says you don’t need to worry if the packaging is broken or if something is past its sell-by
date.
6. He says you should wash everything you find before eating it.
Monday
7. Liz and Dave found the unlocked bin behind a large supermarket.
8. They found fruit and vegetables in the bin behind the supermarket.
9. They didn’t feel embarrassed looking in the bins.
10. They had soup and bread and baked apples for dinner.

2. Listen to the second part of Liz’s challenge. Answer the questions.

Tuesday
1. How did Liz feel on Tuesday morning?
2. What did they have for breakfast?
3. What did they find in the bins on Tuesday?
4. How does she feel about what people had thrown away?
5. What did they have for dinner on Tuesday evening?
6. Did all the ingredients come from the rubbish?
Wednesday
7. What was wrong with the bins in the market on Wednesday?
8. What did they find in them?
9. What did Liz learn from trying freeganism?

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SESSON 2
GRAMMAR: FUTURE TIME CLAUSES
FUTURE TIME CLAUSES

Clauses with after, as soon as, before, by the time, until, when + present simple and while + present simple /
present continuous refer to the future.

You can relax after you put up the tent.

Plan well before you go.
Put your tent up as soon as you arrive at the campsite.
Include warm clothing when you pack.
Don’t wait until you are really sleepy.

Remember! Don’t use will or going to in future time clauses.

1. Match the beginnings (1-6) to the endings (a-f) to make sentences.

1. After you start running a. You reach a big lake.

2. Keep on walking until
3. When the course instructor arrives,
4. The other team will look for wood
5. Before you decide to come,
6. As soon as a problem arises,
b. While you search for a place to camp.
c. We work as a team to solve it.
d. You should read the holiday brochure.
e. Your muscles will soon warm up.
f. Please give him my regards.

2. Choose the correct word then complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb.
1. When / While the coach ………………….(get) here, we’ll go straight to the hotel.
2. As soon as / Before you ………………….(be) all ready, we’ll go snowboarding?
3. Until / While you ………………….(snowboard), be careful not to hit any others who are on the slope.
4. You can stay on the slopes after / until you ………………….(feel) hungry!
5. When / After we ………………….(eat) lunch, we’ll go for a walk around the village
6. Before / While we ………………….(leave), please check that you haven’t forgotten anything.

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3. Complete the text with one word which best fits each gap.
SHARK HOLIDAY
You’ll never guess what I’m 1) …………………. during the holidays! Shark diving! Yes, that’s right. I’m 2)
………………….to be face to face with real live Great White sharks! As soon 3) ………………….the sun is up
on the first day I’ll be in the water! I’ll be in a cage inside the water so I’ll be reasonably safe. Of course, the
truth 4) …………………. these enormous creatures is that they are quite shy and gentle, 5) ………………….
films such as Jaws have given the exact opposite impression!
What 6) …………………. I need? Well, a waterproof jacket, a swimming costume, a camera, and sun block so
I won’t 7) ………………….sunburnt! By the end of the trip, we hope we’ll also 8) …………………. seen lots of
whales, dolphins and seals.
I’ve chosen 9) …………………. shark diving trip that doesn’t use ‘chumming’. This is when they throw a sort
of fish soup 10) ………………….the water before they start the dive. This attracts the sharks, but some
people say 11) …………………. feeding them in this way could lead to problems and affect their behaviour. It
may also cause an increase in shark attacks on humans. The company I 12) …………………. travelling with
also makes sure that we will 13) …………………. diving far away from any busy beaches. I can’t wait!

4. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the present simple or the future simple (will)
1. As soon as the rain ………………… (stop), we ………………… (set off)
2. When Jeni ………………… (hear) from the company, she ………………… (book) her trip.
3. We ………………… (walk) until it ………………… (get) dark.
4. They …………………(tell) us what the challenge is when we ………………… (get) there.
5. After you ………………… (climb) the hill, the leaders ………………… (organise) the next stage of the
expedition.
6. We ………………… (put out) the fire carefully before we ………………… (leave) the camp.

WRITING: REPORTS
FORMAL – SEMI FORMAL - INFORMAL
Three types:

Introduction in which you state the purpose and content of your report.

Ø The purpose/aim of this report is to…

Ø As requested, this is a report concerning / regarding…

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Main body: in which all the information concerning the topic is presented in detail under sub-headings.
Before writing decide on what you will write about, giving sub-headings, and think of what specific information
you will include in each section.

Conclusion in which you summarise the information mentioned in the main body, and states your opinion /
recommendation.
State a personal opinion: In my opinion, I believe, In my view, It seems to me, The way I see it, I think, etc.

Ø Taking everything into account, there are both advantages and disadvantages in … In the end
it is up to the individual to decide whether ..
Ø To conclude, In conclusion, To sum up, …
Ø All things considered, it seems to me that …

USEFUL VOCABULARY
Ø To make contrasting points: However, Although, Despite, But, While, Even though, etc.
Ø To express the difference between appearance and reality: It may seem, On the surface,
Apparently, etc.
Ø To add points: what is more, another major reason, also, furthermore, moreover, in addition to this,
besides, apart from this, not to mention the fact that, …
Ø To express cause: because of / owing to / due to the fact that, for this reason
Ø To express effect: thus, therefore, as a result, consequently, so, as a consequence,
Ø To express reality: in fact, as a matter of act, actually, in practice
Ø To emphasise what you say: obviously, clearly, needless to say, in particular
Ø To conclude: all in all, To sum up, All things considered…

SURVEY REPORT

SEMI-FORMAL

A survey report is normally a formal piece of writing based on research. It may be less formal depending who it
is addressed to, e.g. a friend.

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ntroduction: in which you state the purpose and content of your report.
Ø The purpose/aim of this report…,
Ø As requested …
Ø This survey was carried out…

Main body:
- Facts can be presented in the form of percentages (ten percent, two in ten, three out of ten, etc.) or
proportions (the majority/minority, a significant number, a large/the largest proportion, by far, a small
number, etc.)
- Generalisations are statements which help clarify the facts. They can either precede or come after
facts. Depending on this position, facts and generalisations can be linked by using verbs:
o Only twenty per cent of students take post-graduate courses. This indicates / illustrates /
implies / shows that most students prefer to pursue a career rather than to continue their
studies.
o Most students prefer to pursue a career rather than continue their studies. This is indicates /
illustrated / implied / shown by the fact that only twenty per cent take postgraduate courses.

1 paragraph:
Ø In the first place, first of all, to start with, Firstly, to begin with, to start with

2 paragraph: opposing viewpoint with an argument that shows it is an unconvincing viewpoint

Ø It is argued that, People argue that, Opponents of this view say, There are people who
oppose, Contrary to what most people believe, As opposed to the above ideas…
*Each paragraph should start with a topic sentence which summarises the topic of the paragraph.

Conclusion in which you restate your using different words.

- State a personal opinion:

Ø To conclude, In conclusion, To sum up, …

Ø All things considered, it seems to me that …
Ø In my opinion, I believe, In my view, It seems to me, The way I see it, I think, To be honest…, My
personal opinion is that…, It is my belief that…, My position on the matter…, As…, I should like
to reaffirm…,

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REPORTING EXPERIENCES.
Introduction: which states the topic of your report, giving information about the event, date and people
involved.

Main body: in which all information (events) is presented in chronological order in various sections (these
sections are indicated by subheadings).
1 paragraph: one day / the beginning.
Ø To being / start with…,
2 paragraph: another day / next part of the experience.
Ø Then, next, later, …

Conclusion in which you summarise your points and refer to your feelings, moods or consequences.
- State a personal opinion: In my opinion, I believe, In my view, It seems to me, The way I see it, I
think, I suspect that…, I have a feeling that…, I have the impression that..., I suppose that…,

MORE USEFUL VOCABULARY

INTRODUCTION
- Nowadays, it is a well-known fact that…
- Nowadays, everyone agrees that…
- When we talk about…, we usually mean…
- It is often said that …
- One of the issues which the public is particularly concerned about is …
- There are many different opinions about …

EXPLAINING THE AIM

- In this report we shall examine…
- In this report we shall try to establish whether…
- This report is an attempt to answer a fundamental question…
- The aim of this report is to…

DEVELOPING THE ARGUMENT

- Let us begin by saying that…
- First of all, … must be emphasized…
- We are assuming that…

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 - First, let us concentrate on the problem of …
- First, we need to consider whether …
- We have taken as a starting-point…

CONNECTING ELEMENTS
- However, we should now focus our attention on…
- Let us move on to another aspect of…
- Let us turn our attention to the second point that…
- Next, we shall consider…
- Let us now move on to…

THE OTHER SIDE OF THE ARGUMENT

- Now let us move on to the second argument, according to which…
- Now let us consider what would happen if…
- A second approach would be to decide whether…
- It should be pointed out however, that…
- On the other hand, the belief that…

IN CONCLUSION
- In short
- In the final analysis
- In short, it is a question of…
- All the arguments set out here lead to the same conclusion…
- From what has been said, it can be seen that…
- Let us conclude by saying that…

CHOOSE BETWEEN THESE TWO WRITINGS.

1. You have been investigating living stardards in your country. Write a report for a government
committee saying what factors affect people’s living stardards and whether or not they have improved
in the last 5 years. Suggest what could be done to ensure a good standard of living for all.

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 2. Aptis
PART 1
Answer these Questions:
a. Do you prefer living in a big city or in the countryside?
b. What things do you prefer enjoying?
c. Do you like going to the cinema?
d. Do you like going to the beach?
e. What did you do last weekend?

PART 2
You are a member of ‘the Environmental Forum’. Fill in the form with complete sentences. Use 20-30 words.
You have 7 minutes.
Please, introduce yourself and explain the ways in which you contribute to protect the environment.

PART 3
You are a new member in the ‘Environmental Forum’ and you are in the chat room. You are talking to
Nathan, an old member in this forum. Talk to him using complete sentences. Use 30 to 40 words per answer.
You have 10 minutes.
Nathan: Hello! Are you a new member? I joined this forum three months ago because I was interested in
learning and sharing new ways of being eco-friendly. Why did you join?

Nathan: What do you think about the structure and organization of the forum?

Nathan: How do you feel about the fact that no meetings are going to be held this month?

PART 4
You are a member of ‘the Environmental Forum’. After your last visit to the webpage you saw the
notice below:
Dear members,
We are sorry to inform you that next month’s meeting has been cancelled due to the indisposition of our staff.
If you have any comments or suggestions, please feel free to email us at
studentsupport@environmentalforum.com

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Write an e-mail to a fellow-member explaining what has happened. Write your feelings about the
message you received and suggest possible alternatives. Write about 50 words. You have 10
minutes.

Now, write an email to the forum's staff, showing your disagreement with the situation and asking
for solutions. Write about 120-150 words. You have 20 minutes.

LISTENING
1. You will hear people talking about a community youth programme. Listen to the first speaker
and answer the question. (1.12)
1. Was the speaker satisfied with the activity she chose?
2. What did the speaker’s friends think?

2. You will hear five people talking about activities. Listen and match the statements (A-F) with
the speakers (1-5). There is one extra statement. (1.13)
a. I didn’t feel very fit Speaker 1
b. I wanted to try something different. Speaker 2
c. I did it all by myself. Speaker 3
d. I enjoyed getting physically tired. Speaker 4
e. I was thinking about my future career. Speaker 5
f. I’m going to do it again.

SESSON 3 SPEAKING
TRINITY: LEARNING A SECOND LANGUAGE
1. What is your mother tongue?
2. How many languages do you speak?
3. How did you learn your second language?
4. What's the best way to learn a foreign language?
5. Is it necessary to write words down?
6. Is it possible to understand and write well but not be able to have a conversation?
7. What is value of learning languages?
8. Why do some people have more difficulty than others when learning a language?

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 9. To what extent do you agree that it's better to learn language as a child? Why or why not?
10. To speak its language well, how important is it to know something about the culture of a country?
11. Are there some words that are similar in different languages?
12. As a beginner, what are the first things that you need to be able to say?
13. What are the problem areas that an intermediate learner may have?
14. What are the problem areas that an advanced learner may have?
15. When you travel to a foreign country, is it always easy to use your foreign language?
16. How can the Internet be a helpful tool when learning a foreign language?
17. Some people say that if you can teach something about your foreign language, then it you to
understand it better. Do you agree?
18. Have you ever tried learning a new language from a textbook with audio tapes?
19. Is it good to sit an exam that shows your level in English?
20. What do you know about IELTS and TOEFL?
21. Can you learn a language by watching television?
22.Do you use free language-learning exercises on the Internet?
23. Have you ever paid for 1:1 lessons?
24. Would you like to be a translator? Why? / Why not?
25.Is the classroom the best place to learn?

APTIS: PART 4
1. Talk about a trip that you planned on your own.
2. How did you feel while planning it?
3. Did the trip fulfil your expectations?

LISTENING
1. You’re going to hear a talk about basketball. You will hear the talk twice. As you listen, write
down some notes about what you hear, if you want to. Then, I will ask you six questions on
some facts about basketball. Are you ready?
The task will play twice.
Now I will ask you some questions. You only need to answer in a few words.

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 2. You’re going to hear a short talk about science. You will hear the talk twice. The first time,
just listen. Then I’ll ask you to tell me in a few words what the speaker is talking about. Are
you ready?
Now listen to the talk again. Write down some notes about what you hear, if you want to.
Then I’ll ask you to tell me six pieces of information about how children learn to speak. Are you ready?

READING

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