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El agua fluye en un canal rectangular con un caudal unitario q. Graficar la curva de la energía especifica
Determinar las dos profundidades de flujo para una energía de 2.5 m Calcule el valor de la energía
especifica mínima.
DATOS:
m3
――
s m
q ≔ 2.5 ―― b ≔ 1.0 m g ≔ 9.81 ―
m s2
m3 Q 2.5
Q ≔ q ⋅ b = 2.5 ―― A≔b⋅y →
―y V ≔ ―→―――
s A y
V 2 float , 4 0.3186
E ≔ y + ―― ――― → ――― +y
2⋅g y2 0.3186 0.3186
E = ――― +y 2.5 = ――― +y
y2 y2
y ≔ 0 , 0.1 ‥ 10
A3 Q2
―― = ――
T g
2
―
3
yc ≔ 0.467 ⋅ q = 0.860
⎛ Q ⎞2
⎜―― ⎟
⎝ b ⋅ yc ⎠ 0.3186
Emin ≔ yc + ―――= 1.291 p ((y)) ≔ y + ――― - 2.5
2⋅g y2
0.3186
E = ――― +y
y2
s
1. Un canal rectangular con un coe iciente de rugosidad n ≔ 0.015 ―― ,con una pendiente de S ≔ 0.005 , transporta un
1
―
3
m
m3
caudal Q ≔ 12 ――
. Para condiciones de lujo crı́tico, determine el ancho b del canal.
s
m
g ≔ 9.81 ―
s2
A3 Q2
―― = ――
T g
2 1
― ―
A 3 2
Q = ―⋅ R ⋅ S
n
float , 5 float , 5
b ≔ b ――― → 2.6531 ⋅ m yc ≔ yc ――― → 1.2776 ⋅ m
COMPROBACION
2
⎛ m3 ⎞
⎜ 12 ―― ⎟ ⋅ 2.6531 ⋅ m
Q2 ⋅ b explicit , Q , b , yc , g ⎝ s ⎠
―――― ―――――― → ―――――――――――= 1
3
m 3
g ⋅ ⎛⎝b ⋅ yc⎞⎠ 9.81 ― ⋅ ((2.6531 ⋅ m ⋅ 1.2776 ⋅ m))
2
s
2 2
― ―
3 1 3
⎛⎝b ⋅ yc⎞⎠ ⎛ b ⋅ yc ⎞ ― explicit , b , yc , n , S0 2.6531 ⋅ m ⋅ 1.2776 ⋅ m ⎛ 2.6531 ⋅ m ⋅ 1.2776 ⋅ m ⎞
――――――→ ―――――――⋅ ⎜――――――――⎟ ⋅ ‾‾
2
――― ⋅ ⎜―――⎟ ⋅ S0 S0
n ⎜⎝ b + 2 ⋅ yc ⎟⎠ s ⎝ 2.6531 ⋅ m + 2 ⋅ 1.2776 ⋅ m ⎠
0.015 ――
1
―
3
m
2
―
3 1
⎛⎝b ⋅ yc⎞⎠ ⎛ b ⋅ yc ⎞ ―
2 m3
――― ⋅ ⎜―――⎟ ⋅ S = 12.000 ――
n ⎜⎝ b + 2 ⋅ yc ⎟⎠ s
21 Jun 2021 14:10:13 - 2021-1-Determinacion del tirante critico.sm
DATOS
3
m
Q 20 b 2 m Z1 0.75 Z2 2 g 9.81 n 0.014
s
Z1 Z2 T b Z1 Z2 Yc
A b Yc Yc
2
8 11 Yc
16 11 Yc Yc T
A 4
8
2
Q T
1
3
g A
2 3
Q A
g T PROFUNDIDAD CRITICA CALCULADA
2
Q T Yc m
Yc solve 1 , Yc , 0 , 5 1.539
3
g A
A 6.334
T 6.232
2 2
P Yc 1 Z1 1 Z2 b 7.365
A
R 0.8600
P
Q Vc 3.158 VELOCIDAD CRITICA
Vc
A
2 1
1 3 2
V R S
n
2 PENDIENTE CRITICA
n
Sc Vc 0.002389
2
3
R
COMPROBACION
2 1
1 3 2 Q_calc 20
Q_calc A R Sc Vc
n F 1
A
g
T
1/5
21 Jun 2021 14:10:13 - 2021-1-Determinacion del tirante critico.sm
3 D 2m m s
m g 9.81 n 0.013
Q 3 2 1
s s
3
m
2
D
A θ sin θ
8
θ
T D sin
2
2
Q T
1
3
g A
2 θ
Q D sin
2
θ solve 1, θ , 0, 2 π
3
2
D
g θ sin θ
8
θ rad θg
2.78476 180 159.555
θg θ
π
2 T 1.9683 m 1 Q m
A 1.218 m P θ D 2.785 m V 2.464
2 A s
A
R 0.437 m
P
D θ
yc 1 cos
2 2
yc 0.823 m
Q m
Vc 2.464
A s
2/5
21 Jun 2021 14:10:13 - 2021-1-Determinacion del tirante critico.sm
2
n
s Q
2 s 0.0031 Pendiente critica
3
A R
2
V
E yc E 1.1319 m
2 g
T 2 yc D yc T 1.9683 m
V F 1.0000
F
A
g
T
3/5
21 Jun 2021 14:10:13 - 2021-1-Determinacion del tirante critico.sm
CALCULAR LA PROFUNDIDAD, VELOCIDAD Y PENDIENTE CRITICA EN EL CANAL MOSTRADO
EN LA FIGURA:
DATOS
m3
Q 10 Z1 0.5 Z2 1.0 g 9.81
s
n 0.012
1 2
A Z1 Z2 Yc
2
T Z1 Z2 Yc
2
Q Z1 Z2 Yc
Yc solve 1 , Yc
3
1 2
g Z1 Z2 Yc
2
1 2
A Z1 Z2 Yc 3.153 m2
2
T Z1 Z2 Yc m
3.075
2 2
P Yc 1 Z1 1 Z2 5.192
A R 0.607 m
R
P
Q VELOCIDAD CRITICA
Vc 3.172
A
2
n
Sc Vc 0.002817 PENDIENTE CRITICA
2
3
R
NUMERO DE FROUDE
Vc
F 1.000
A
9.81
T
COMPROBACION
2 1
1 3 2 Q_calc 10
Q_calc A R Sc
n
4/5
21 Jun 2021 14:10:13 - 2021-1-Determinacion del tirante critico.sm
Q 50 m3 D 2 m n 0.013 g 9.81 m
s s2
D
R
2
2
D
A π 22 yc 1
8 y
T 22
2
Q T
1
3
g A
2
Q T
yc solve 1 , yc , 1 , 2 1.7361
3
g A
yc 1.7361 m
2 A 17.765 Q V 2.8145
D V
A π 22 yc 1 A
8
π D P 24.6138 A R 0.7217
P 20 2 yc 1 R
2 P
2
n
Sc Q Sc 0.00207
2
3
A R
COMPROBACION
V
F
A F 1
g
T
2 1 Qc 50
A 3 2
Qc R Sc
n
5/5
EJERCICIOS SOBRE FLUJO CRITICO
No. 58. M. Villon
En un canal trapezoidal que tiene un ancho de solera de b ≔ 0.30 m y paredes con una
m3 m
pendiente de 1 sobre 1, el caudal es Q ≔ 0.80 ――
. Cuando la velocidad es V ≔ 2.0 ―,
s s
indicar si el flujo es subcrítico o supercrítico.
DATOS:
m
b = 0.30 m g ≔ 9.81 ―
s2
z≔1
m3
Q = 0.80 ――
s
m
V = 2.00 ―
s
Q=V ⋅ A
Area hidráulica
m3
0.80 ――
Q explicit , ALL s
A ≔ ―――――→ ――― = 0.400 m 2
V m
2.0 ―
s
A = ((b + z ⋅ y)) ⋅ y
y = 0.50 m
Espejo de agua
explicit , ALL
T ≔ b + 2 ⋅ z ⋅ y ――――→ 0.30 m + 2 ⋅ 0.5 ⋅ m = 1.3 m
Numero de Froude
m
2.0 ―
V explicit , ALL s
F ≔ ――― ――――→ ―――――――
‾‾‾‾
A ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
m 0.4 ⋅ m 2
g⋅― 9.81 ― ⋅ ―――
T s 2 1.3 ⋅ m
m3
D ≔ 1.20 m Q ≔ 0.80 ――
s
s
n ≔ 0.014 ――
1
y ≔ 0.80 m
―
3
m
F=? S=?
float , 7
θ ≔ θ ――― → 3.821266
Área hidráulica
2
D2 explicit , ALL ((1.20 m))
A ≔ ―― ⋅ ((θ - sin ((θ)))) ――――→ ―――― ⋅ ((3.821266 - sin ((3.821266))))
8 8
float , 5
A = 0.801 m 2 A ≔ A ――― → 0.80096 ⋅ m 2
Perímetro mojado
θ ⋅ D explicit , ALL 3.821266 ⋅ 1.20 m
P ≔ ――――――→ ――――――
2 2
float , 5
P = 2.293 m P ≔ P ――― → 2.2928 ⋅ m
Velocidad
m3
0.80 ――
Q explicit , ALL s m float , 3 0.999 ⋅ m
V ≔ ―――――→ ――――― = 0.999 ― V ≔ V ――― → ―――
A 0.80096 ⋅ m 2
s s
Espejo de agua
Numero de Froude
0.999 ⋅ m
―――
V explicit , ALL s
F ≔ ――― ――――→ ――――――――
‾‾‾‾
A ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
m 0.80096 ⋅ m 2
g⋅― 9.81 ―⋅ ―――――
T s2 1.13 ⋅ m
Pendiente
2
―
A
Q = ―⋅ R ⋅ ‾‾
3
S
n 2
⎛ m3 s ⎞
⎜ 0.80 ―― ⋅ 0.014 ―― ⎟
2 ⎜ s ―
1
⎟
⎛ Q ⋅ n ⎞ explicit , ALL ⎜ m
3
⎟
S ≔ ⎜――― 2 ⎟
――――→ ⎜―――――――――――― 2 ⎟
⎜ ―⎟
3 ⎜ ―
3 ⎟
⎝A⋅R ⎠ ⎜⎝ 0.80096 ⋅ m 2 ⋅ ((0.3493370551291 ⋅ m)) ⎟⎠
S = 0.000795
o
S ≔ 1000 ⋅ S = 0.795 ―
oo
clear ((y))
57. M. Villon
En un canal rectangular de 1 m de ancho de solera, circula un caudal de 0,40 m3/s. Indicar
cuáles son los valores de los tirantes alternos para que la energía específica sea 0,5326 m -
kg / kg.
DATOS:
m
b ≔ 1.00 m g ≔ 9.81 ―
s2
m3
Q ≔ 0.40 ―― y1 = ?
s
E ≔ 0.5326 m y2 = ?
explicit , ALL
A ≔ b ⋅ y ――――→ 1.00 m ⋅ y
m3
0.40 ――
Q explicit , ALL s
V ≔ ―――――→ ――――
A 1.00 m ⋅ y
2
⎛ m3 ⎞
⎜ 0.40 ―― ⎟
⎜―――― s ⎟
V 2 explicit , ALL ⎜⎝ 1.00 m ⋅ y ⎟⎠
E = y + ―― ――――→ 0.5326 m = y + ―――――
2⋅g m
2 ⋅ 9.81 ―
s2
⎛ 0.40 ⎞ 2 ⎛ 0.40 ⎞ 2
⎜――― ⎟ ⎜――― ⎟
⎝ 1.00 ⋅ y ⎠ ⎝ 1.00 ⋅ y ⎠ float , 5 0.0081549
0.5326 = y + ―――― ―――― ――→ ――――
2 ⋅ 9.81 2 ⋅ 9.81 y2
0.0081549
0.5326 = y + ――――
y2
⎛ 0.40 ⎞ 2
⎜――― ⎟ ⎡ -0.112 ⎤
⎝ 1.00 ⋅ y ⎠ solve , float , 3 ⎢
0.5326 = y + ―――― ――――→ 0.145 ⎥
2 ⋅ 9.81 ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 0.5 ⎦
y ≔ 0 , 0.05 ‥ 1
y E
⎛ 0.40 ⎞ 2
⎜――― ⎟
⎝ 1.00 ⋅ y ⎠
E = y + ――――
2 ⋅ 9.81
((y)) ((m))
m3
Q ≔ 2.00 ――
s
explicit , ALL
A ≔ ((b + z ⋅ y)) ⋅ y ――――→ ((1.50 m + 1.5 ⋅ y)) ⋅ y
explicit , ALL
T ≔ b + 2 ⋅ z ⋅ y ――――→ 1.50 m + 2 ⋅ 1.5 ⋅ y
2
⎛ m3 ⎞
⎜
explicit , ALL ⎝
2.00 ―― ⎟ ⋅ ((1.50 m + 2 ⋅ 1.5 ⋅ y))
Q2 ⋅ T s ⎠
――― = 1 ――――→ ――――――――――― =1
A3 ⋅ g 3 m
((((1.50 m + 1.5 ⋅ y)) ⋅ y)) ⋅ 9.81 ―
s2
float , 4
A ≔ ((b + z ⋅ y)) ⋅ y = 1.062 m 2 A ≔ A ――― → 1.062 ⋅ m 2
⎛ ‾‾‾‾‾ ⎞
P ≔ b + 2 ⋅ ⎝y ⋅ 1 + z 2 ⎠ = 3.226 m
A float , 4
R ≔ ―= 0.329 m R ≔ R ――― → 0.3292 ⋅ m
P
Pendiente del canal
2
⎛ m3 s ⎞
⎜ 2.00 ―― ⋅ 0.014 ―― ⎟
2 ⎜ s ―
1
⎟
⎛ Q⋅n ⎞ explicit , ALL ⎜ m
3
⎟
S ≔ ⎜――― 2 ⎟
――――→ ⎜―――――――― 2 ⎟
⎜ ―⎟
3 ⎜ ―
3 ⎟
⎝A⋅R ⎠ 2
⎜⎝ 1.062 ⋅ m ⋅ ((0.3292 ⋅ m)) ⎟⎠
S = 0.003058
S ≔ S ⋅ 1000 = 3.058
Ejemplo 3. Diseñar una transición de un canal de sección trapezoidal b1 ≔ 2.40 m de
ancho, y1 ≔ 1.20 m de profundidad y talud z ≔ 1 a una sección rectangular de
m3
b4 ≔ 1.80 m de ancho y y4 ≔ 1.80 m de profundidad, para un caudal Q ≔ 7.50 ―― . La
s
transición debe tener de una longitud L ≔ 6.00 m y la perdida de energía es de 1/10 de la
diferencia entre cargas de velocidades. Dibuje además el perfil del canal.
m
T1 ≔ b1 + 2 ⋅ z ⋅ y1 = 4.8 m g ≔ 9.81 ―
s2
explicit , ALL
A1 ≔ ⎛⎝b1 + z ⋅ y1⎞⎠ ⋅ y1 ――――→ ((2.40 m + 1.20 m)) ⋅ 1.20 m = 4.32 m 2
float , 4
A1 ≔ A1 ――→ 4.32 ⋅ m 2
explicit , ALL
A4 ≔ b4 ⋅ y4 ――――→ 1.80 m ⋅ 1.80 m = 3.24 m 2
float , 4
A4 ≔ A4 ――→ 3.24 ⋅ m 2
La perdida de energía es:
1 ⎛ v2 v1 2 ⎞
2
hl = ― ⋅ ⎜―― - ―― ⎟
10 ⎝ 2 ⋅ g 2 ⋅ g ⎠
v1 2 v2 2
y1 + ―― + z1 = y2 + ―― + z 2 + hl
2⋅g 2⋅g
Se asume que la transición será lineal
⎛x⎞
b = b1 - ⎛⎝b1 - b2⎞⎠ ⋅ ⎜―⎟
⎝L⎠
⎛x⎞
T = T1 - ⎛⎝T1 - b1⎞⎠ ⋅ ⎜―⎟
⎝L⎠
x
A = A1 - ⎛⎝A1 - A2⎞⎠ ⋅ ―
L
Sección 1
float , 4
A1 ≔ A1 ――→ 4.32 ⋅ m 2
m3
7.50 ――
Q explicit , ALL s m
v1 ≔ ― ――――→ ――― = 1.736 ―
A1 4.32 ⋅ m 2
s
v1 2
―― = 0.154 m
2⋅g
Sección 2 (L/3)
1 x
x ≔ ―⋅ L ―= 0.333
3 L
1
―⋅ 6.00 m
x explicit , ALL 3
A2 ≔ A1 - ⎛⎝A1 - A4⎞⎠ ⋅ ―――――→ 4.32 ⋅ m 2 - ⎛⎝4.32 ⋅ m 2 - 3.24 ⋅ m 2 ⎞⎠ ⋅ ――――
L 6.00 m
A2 = 3.96 m 2
float , 4
A2 ≔ A2 ――→ 3.96 ⋅ m 2
m3
7.50 ――
Q explicit , ALL s m
v2 ≔ ― ――――→ ――― = 1.894 ―
A2 3.96 ⋅ m 2
s
v2 2
―― = 0.183 m
2⋅g
Sección 3 (2L/3)
2 x
x ≔ ―⋅ L ―= 0.667
3 L
2
―⋅ 6.00 m
x explicit , ALL 3
A3 ≔ A1 - ⎛⎝A1 - A4⎞⎠ ⋅ ―――――→ 4.32 ⋅ m 2 - ⎛⎝4.32 ⋅ m 2 - 3.24 ⋅ m 2 ⎞⎠ ⋅ ―――― = 3.6 m 2
L 6.00 m
A3 = 3.600 m 2
float , 4
A3 ≔ A3 ――→ 3.6 ⋅ m 2
m3
7.50 ――
Q explicit , ALL s m
v3 ≔ ― ――――→ ――― = 2.083 ―
A3 3.6 ⋅ m 2
s
v3 2
―― = 0.221 m
2⋅g
Sección 4 (L)
x
x≔L ―= 1
L
A4 = 3.24 m 2
float , 4
A4 ≔ A4 ――→ 3.24 ⋅ m 2
m3
7.50 ――
Q explicit , ALL s m
v4 ≔ ― ――――→ ――― = 2.315 ―
A4 3.24 ⋅ m 2
s
v4 2
―― = 0.273 m
2⋅g
PRIMERA SECCION
y1 = 1.200 m Δz1 ≔ 0 m
v1 2
E1 ≔ Δz1 + y1 + ―― = 1.354 m
2⋅g
SEGUNDA SECCION
1
x ≔ ―⋅ L = 2 m b2 ≔ 2.20 m A2 = 3.96 m 2
3
⎛ 2 ⎞ explicit , ALL ⎛ 2 ⎞
A2 = ⎜b2 + ―⋅ z ⋅ y2⎟ ⋅ y2 ――――→ 3.96 ⋅ m 2 = ⎜2.20 m + ―⋅ y2⎟ ⋅ y2
⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠
v2 2
E1 = Δz2 + y2 + ―― + h12
2⋅g
1 ⎛ v2 v1 2 ⎞
2
m
v2 = 1.894 ― E1 = 1.354 m h12 ≔ ― ⋅ ⎜―― - ―― ⎟ = 0.003 m
s 10 ⎝ 2 ⋅ g 2 ⋅ g ⎠
v2 2 v2 2
Δz2 ≔ E1 - y2 - ―― - h12 = -0.125 m E2 ≔ Δz2 + y2 + ―― = 1.351 m
2⋅g 2⋅g
TERCERA SECCION
2
x ≔ ―⋅ L = 4 m b3 ≔ 2.00 m A3 = 3.6 m 2
3
⎛ 1 ⎞ explicit , ALL ⎛ 1 ⎞
A3 = ⎜b3 + ―⋅ z ⋅ y3⎟ ⋅ y3 ――――→ 3.6 ⋅ m 2 = ⎜2.00 m + ―⋅ y3⎟ ⋅ y3
⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠
m v3 2
v3 = 2.083 ― ―― = 0.221 m
s 2⋅g
1 ⎛ v3 v2 2 ⎞
2
v3 2
Δz3 ≔ E2 - y3 - ―― - h23 = -0.324 m
2⋅g
v3 2
E3 ≔ Δz3 + y3 + ―― = 1.347 m
2⋅g
CUARTA SECCION
m v4 2
v4 = 2.315 ― ―― = 0.273 m
s 2⋅g
1 ⎛ v4 v3 2 ⎞
2
⎜
h34 ≔ ― ⋅ ―― - ―― ⎟ = 0.005 m
10 ⎝ 2 ⋅ g 2 ⋅ g ⎠
v4 2 v4 2
Δz4 ≔ E3 - y4 - ―― - h34 = -0.731 m E4 ≔ Δz4 + y4 + ―― = 1.342 m
2⋅g 2⋅g
v1 2
A1 = 4.32 m 2 ―― = 0.154 m E1 = 1.354 m y1 = 1.200 m Δz1 = 0.000 m
2⋅g
h12 = 0.003 m
2
v2
A2 = 3.96 m 2 ―― = 0.183 m E2 = 1.351 m y2 = 1.293 m Δz2 = -0.125 m
2⋅g
h23 = 0.004 m
v3 2
A3 = 3.60 m 2 ―― = 0.221 m E3 = 1.347 m y3 = 1.450 m Δz3 = -0.324 m
2⋅g
h34 = 0.005 m
v4 2
A4 = 3.24 m 2 ―― = 0.273 m E4 = 1.342 m y4 = 1.800 m Δz4 = -0.731 m
2⋅g
⎡0⎤ ⎡ 1.200 ⎤ ⎡ 0.000 ⎤
⎢2⎥ ⎢ 1.293 ⎥ ⎢ -0.125 ⎥
x≔⎢ ⎥ m y≔⎢ ⎥m Δz ≔ ⎢ ⎥m
⎢4⎥ ⎢ 1.450 ⎥ ⎢ -0.324 ⎥
⎣6⎦ ⎣ 1.800 ⎦ ⎣ -0.731 ⎦
2.1
1.8
1.5
1.2
0.9
0.6
y ((m))
0.3
Δz ((m))
0
0 0.6 1.2 1.8 2.4 3 3.6 4.2 4.8 5.4 6
-0.3
-0.6
-0.9
x ((m))
b1 = 2.40 m
x
x≔2 m b2 ≔ b1 - ⎛⎝b1 - b4⎞⎠ ⋅ ―= 2.20 m
L
x
x≔4 m b2 ≔ b1 - ⎛⎝b1 - b4⎞⎠ ⋅ ―= 2.00 m
L
x≔6 m b4 = 1.80 m
T1 ≔ b1 + 2 ⋅ z ⋅ y1 = 4.80 m T4 ≔ b4 = 1.80 m
x
x≔2 m T2 ≔ T1 - ⎛⎝T1 - T4⎞⎠ ⋅ ―= 3.80 m
L
x
x≔4 m T2 ≔ T1 - ⎛⎝T1 - T4⎞⎠ ⋅ ―= 2.80 m
L
x≔6 m T4 = 1.8 m
1 Feb 2021 11:28:20 - 2020-2-Resalto Hidraulico canal_rectangular_trapezoidal.sm
3 y1 0.30 m b 1.2 m m
m g 9.81
Q 1.85 2
s s
3
m
Q q 1.542 s Gy
q s
b
m
2
Q
2
y1 b y1
y2 2
2 g y1 4
y2 1.130 m
Δy y2 y1 Δy 0.830 m
A1 b y1 2
A1 0.360 m
Q m
V1 V1 5.139
A1 s
2
V1
E1 y1 E1 1.646 m
2 g
V1 F1 2.996
F1
A1
g
b
y1 2
y2 8 F1 1 1 1.130 m
2
1/4
1 Feb 2021 11:28:20 - 2020-2-Resalto Hidraulico canal_rectangular_trapezoidal.sm
A2 b y2 2
A2 1.356 m
Q
V2 m
A2 V2 1.365
s
2 E2 1.225 m
V2
E2 y2
2 g
ΔE 0.421
ΔE E1 E2 ΔE 0.421 m
E1 1.6460 m
E2 1.2246 m
V2
F2 F2 0.41
A2
g
b
3
y2 y1
hf hf 0.421 m
4 y1 y2
L 5 y2 y1 L 4.149 m
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DATOS
3 m
m b 0.95 m y1 0.45 m z1 1 z2 1 g 9.81
Q 2.25 2
s s
z1 z2
z z 1
2
A1 b z y1 y1 2
A1 0.63 m
Q m
V1 V1 3.571
A1 s
2/4
1 Feb 2021 11:28:20 - 2020-2-Resalto Hidraulico canal_rectangular_trapezoidal.sm
2 r 1.445 b t 2.111
V1 t
r z y1
2 g y1
4 5 t 2 t 1 t2 2
J solve J J3 3 t 2 J2 t 6 r t 1 J 6 r t 1 0, J , 5, 0 3.035
2 2 2
4 5 t 2 t 1 t2 2
J solve J J3 3 t 2 J2 t 6 r t 1 J 6 r t 1 0, J , 0, 5
2 2 2
J 2.0152
y2 J y1 y2 0.907 m
Δy y2 y1 Δy 0.457 m
2
Q
2 b z y2 y2 hf 0.102 m
V1
hf y1 y2
2 g 2 g
2
4 5 t 2 3 t 1 2 t 2
f J J J 3 t 2 J t 6 r t 1 J 6 r t 1
2 2 2
4 3 2
f J A J B J C J D J E
A 1
5 t 2 B 6.278
B
2
t 1 C 12.963
C 3 t 2
2
2 D 18.171
t
D t 6 r t 1
2
2 E 83.899
E 6 r t 1
3/4
1 Feb 2021 11:28:20 - 2020-2-Resalto Hidraulico canal_rectangular_trapezoidal.sm
T1 b z1 z2 y1 T1 1.85 m
2
A1 0.63 m
m
V1 3.571
s
V1
F1 F1 1.954
A1
g
T1
z 1
A2 b z y2 y2
2
A2 1.684 m
T2 b z1 z2 y2
T2 2.764 m
Q
V2
A2
m
V2 1.336
s
2 E1 1.100 m
V2 V1
F2 E1 y1
A2 2 g
g
T2
2 E2 0.998 m
F2 0.547 V2
E2 y2
2 g
z 1
K 10.6 ΔE E1 E2 ΔE 0.102 m
L K y2 y1
L 4.843 m
4/4
Ejemplo de resalto hidráulico bajo una compuerta
Una compuerta para control de flujo en un canal rectangular de ancho b. Si la profundidad de flujo
aguas arriba de la compuerta es y1 y la profundidad justo después de la compuerta es y2 .
Calcular:
a) El caudal en el canal Q
b) Los números de Froude antes y después de la compuerta
c) El valor del tirante y3
d) La longitud del resalto.
Considere que las perdidas de energía son despreciables.
1 2 3
m
b ≔ 2.5 m y1 ≔ 1.4 m y2 ≔ 0.25 m g ≔ 9.81 ― Δh ≔ 0
s2
En las secciones 1 y 2, se calcula las velocidades V1 y V2 en función del caudal.
explicit , ALL
A1 ≔ b ⋅ y1 ――――→ 2.5 m ⋅ 1.4 m = 3.500 m 2
explicit , ALL
A2 ≔ b ⋅ y2 ――――→ 2.5 m ⋅ 0.25 m = 0.625 m 2
Q explicit , ALL Q
V1 ≔ ― ――――→ ―――
A1 3.5 ⋅ m 2
Q explicit , ALL Q
V2 ≔ ― ――――→ ――――
A2 0.625 ⋅ m 2
Caudal en el canal
m3
Q = 3.017 ――
s
Q m2 float , 4 1.207 ⋅ m 2
q ≔ ―= 1.207 ―― Caudal unitario q ≔ q ――→ ――――
b s s
Q m
V1 ≔ ― = 0.862 ―
A1 s
V1 A
F1 ≔ ――― = 0.233 ―= y b=T
‾‾‾‾
g ⋅ y1 T
Q m
V2 ≔ ― = 4.828 ―
A2 s
V2
F2 ≔ ――― = 3.083
‾‾‾‾
g ⋅ y2
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2
⎛ 1.207 ⋅ m 2 ⎞
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ 2 ⋅ ⎜―――― ⎟ 2
y2 2 ⋅ q2 y2 2 explicit , ALL 0.25 m ⎝ s ⎠ ((0.25 m))
y3 ≔ -―+ ――+ ―― ――――→ -――― + ―――――― + ―――― = 0.972 m
2 g ⋅ y2 4 2 m 4
9.81 ― ⋅ 0.25 m
s2
float , 4
y3 ≔ y3 ――→ 0.9721 ⋅ m = 0.972 m
Longitud del resalto hidráulico
h ≔ y3 - y2 = 0.722 m
A3 ≔ b ⋅ y3 = 2.430 m 2
Q m
V3 ≔ ― = 1.242 ―
A3 s
V3
F3 ≔ ――― = 0.4020 Flujo subcrítico
‾‾‾‾
g ⋅ y3
3 3
⎛⎝y3 - y2⎞⎠ float , 3 1.03 ⋅ ((0.972 ⋅ m - 0.25 ⋅ m))
Δhr ≔ ―――― ――→ ――――――――― = 0.388 m
4 ⋅ y2 ⋅ y3 m⋅m
y1 ≔ 0.30 m
y2 ≔ 1.20 m
z ≔ 1.5
Q=?
A1 ≔ z ⋅ y1 2 → 0.135 ⋅ m 2
Q explicit , ALL Q
V1 ≔ ― ――――→ ――――
A1 0.135 ⋅ m 2
V1 2 m float , 4 8.119 ⋅ m
r = ――― V1 ≔ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 ⋅ r ⋅ g ⋅ y1 = 8.119 ― V1 ≔ V1 ――→ ―――
2 ⋅ g ⋅ y1 s s
m3
Q ≔ A1 ⋅ V1 = 1.096 ――
s
Calculo del espejo de agua en las secciones 1 y 2
explicit , ALL
T1 ≔ 2 ⋅ z ⋅ y1 ――――→ 2 ⋅ 1.5 ⋅ 0.30 m = 0.900 m
explicit , ALL
T2 ≔ 2 ⋅ z ⋅ y2 ――――→ 2 ⋅ 1.5 ⋅ 1.20 m = 3.600 m
A2 ≔ z ⋅ y2 2 → 2.16 ⋅ m 2
1.096065 ⋅ m 3
―――――
Q explicit , ALL s m
V2 ≔ ― ――――→ ――――― = 0.507 ―
A2 2.16 ⋅ m 2
s
float , 3 0.507 ⋅ m
V2 ≔ V2 ――→ ―――
s
0.507 ⋅ m
―――
V2 explicit , ALL s
F2 ≔ ―――――――→ ―――――――= 0.209 F2 = 0.209
‾‾‾‾‾
A2 ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
m 2.16 ⋅ m 2
g⋅― 9.81 ― ⋅ ―――
T2 s2 3.6 ⋅ m
2
⎛ 8.119 ⋅ m ⎞
V1 2
explicit , ALL ⎜―――⎟
⎝ s ⎠
E1 ≔ y1 + ―― ――――→ 0.30 m + ――――― = 3.66 m
2⋅g m
2 ⋅ 9.81 ―
s2
2
⎛ 0.507 ⋅ m ⎞
2
V2 explicit , ALL ⎜―――⎟
⎝ s ⎠
E2 ≔ y2 + ―― ――――→ 1.20 m + ――――― = 1.213 m
2⋅g m
2 ⋅ 9.81 ―
s2
Δh ≔ E1 - E2 = 2.447 m
Q2 0.30 m 2 Q2 1.20 m 2
――――――――+ ――― ⋅ 1.5 ⋅ (0.30 m) = ――――――――+ ――― ⋅ 1.5 ⋅ (1.20 m)
m 2 3 m 2 3
9.81 ― ⋅ 1.5 ⋅ ((0.30 m)) 9.81 ― ⋅ 1.5 ⋅ ((1.20 m))
2 2
s s
Problema propuesto.
Un canal trapezoidal tiene un ancho de solera b=5.00m., talud Z=1 y para una pendiente
S=0.0004, adopta un tirante normal yn=1.75m. en flujo uniforme para n=0.025.
Debido a razones topográficas, existe un tramo intermedio en el canal, con suficiente
longitud y pendiente para que se establezca también flujo uniforme pero supercrítico.
Calcular la pendiente del tramo intermedio de manera que se produzca un resalto
inmediatamente después que termina dicho tramo, el cual deberá revestirse de concreto,
debido al aumento de velocidad (n=0.015).
Respuesta
S= 0.1792 m/m
yn=y1=0.2132m
4 Feb 2021 09:07:55 - 2020-2-Resalto hidraulico seccion circular.sm
2
1 y1 1 y1 y1 y1
N1 acos 1 2 1 2 0.1535
4 D 2 D D D
1 3
2 2
y1 y1
2 1
1 1 D D
K1 1 0.41
2 y1 3 N1
D
2
1 y2 1 y2 y2 y2
N2 acos 1 2 1 2
4 D 2 D D D
1 3
2 2
y2 y2
2 1
1 1 D D
K2 1
2 y2 3 N2
D
Si no se cumple la ecuacion se asume otro valor de y2 y se repite el proceso hasta que se cumpla la Ec. 4.26
1/2
4 Feb 2021 09:07:55 - 2020-2-Resalto hidraulico seccion circular.sm
y2 2
K2 N1 N2 K1 N1 2
y1 Q
y2 solve 0 , y2 , 0 , 1 0.6059
4 5
y1 N1 g y1
1
D N2
y2 0.6059
y1
θ1 2 acos 1 2 2.0944
D
2
D
A1 θ1 sin θ1 0.1535
8 Q
V1 3.2563
A1
T1 2 y1 D y1 0.866
V1
F1 2.469
A1
g
T1
y2
θ2 2 acos 1 2 3.5685
D
2
D
A2 θ2 sin θ2 0.4978
8 Q
V2 1.0044
A2
T2 2 y2 D y2 0.9773
V2
F2 0.4493
A2
g
T2
h y2 y1 0.356
2/2