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BOCATOMAS
C
A. Diseño de la presa derivadora C
C
1. Datos: C
C
m3 C
Qmax ≔ 43 ⋅ ――Caudal máximo de diseño
s C
m3 C
Qmed ≔ 20 ⋅ ――Caudal medio
s
m3 C
Qmin ≔ 15 ⋅ ――Caudal mínimo
s C
m3 C
Qeco ≔ 2 ⋅ ―― Caudal ecológico 10-25% Qmed
s C
m3 C
Qder ≔ 2 ⋅ ―― Caudal a derivar C
s
C
Srio ≔ 0.03 Pendiente del cauce del rio
C
Zrio ≔ 0.75 Talud del rio C
C
brio ≔ 30 m Ancho físico del rio C
C
nrf ≔ 0.05 Coeficiente de Manning del fondo de rio C
C
nro ≔ 0.03 Coeficiente de Manning de la orilla de rio
C
Fb ≔ 1.2 Factor de fondo C
C
Fs ≔ 0.2 Factor de orilla C
C
C
a ≔ 0.75 Parámetro que caracteriza al cauce
C
kgf
σt ≔ 3 ―― Capacidad portante del suelo
cm 2
Blench: ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
Fb ⎛ s ⎞
B1 ≔ 1.81 Qmax ⋅ ―⋅ ⎜―⎟ = 29.073 m
Fs ⎝ m ⎠
1
―
2
⎛ ⎛ s ⎞⎞
a ⋅ ⎜Qmax ⋅ ⎜―⎟⎟
⎝ ⎝ m ⎠⎠
Altunin: B2 ≔ ―――――― 1
= 9.917 m
― ING. MARCO MUÑIZ
5
Srio
―
⎛ ⎛ s ⎞⎞ 2
a ⋅ ⎜Qmax ⋅ESTRUCTURAS
⎜―⎟⎟ HIDRAULICAS 2022-2
⎝ ⎝ m ⎠⎠ BOCATOMAS
Altunin: B2 ≔ ―――――― 1
= 9.917 m
―
5
Srio
1
―
⎛ ⎛ s ⎞⎞ 2
Petit: B3 ≔ 2.45 ⋅ ⎜Qmax ⋅ ⎜―⎟⎟ = 16.066 m
⎝ ⎝ m ⎠⎠
Se promedian: B ≔ mean ⎛⎝B1 , B2 , B3⎞⎠ = 18.352 m —> comparar con ancho fisico in situ
A b ⋅ y + Z ⋅ y2
Sección trapezoidal: A=b ⋅ y + Z ⋅ y2 p = b + 2 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾
1 + Z2 ⋅ y R = ―= ――――――
p
b + 2 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾
1 + Z2 ⋅ y
npon = ⎜――――⎟
i=1
⎜⎝ p ⎟⎠
2
―
3
⎛ ⎛ ⎞ ⎞
⎜ b ⋅ n1 1.5 + ⎝2 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾
1 + Z 2 ⋅ y⎠ ⋅ n2 1.5 ⎟
npon = ――――――――――
⎜⎝ p ⎟⎠
2 1 2 1
― ― ― ―
1 3 2 1 3 2
Q=A ⋅ v ∧ v = ―⋅ R ⋅ S —–> Q = ―⋅ A ⋅ R ⋅ S
n n
2 5
― 1 ―
3 3
1 ⎛A⎞ ―
2 Q 1 A
Q = ―⋅ A ⋅ ⎜―⎟ ⋅ S —–> ―― = ― ⋅ ――
n ⎝p⎠ 1
― n 2
―
2 3
S p
5
―
Q 1 ⎛⎝b ⋅ y + Z ⋅ y 2 ⎞⎠ 3
――
1
= ―――――――――――
2
⋅ ――――――― 2
– – – – (1)
― ― ―
2 3 3
S ⎛ ⎛ ⎞ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
b ⋅ n1 1.5 + ⎝2 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾
⎜―――――――――― 1 + Z 2 ⋅ y⎠ ⋅ n2 1.5 ⎟ ⎝b + 2 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾
1 + Z 2 ⋅ y⎠
⎜ ⎟
⎝ b + 2 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾
1 + Z2 ⋅ y ⎠
5
―
⎛⎝b ⋅ y + Z ⋅ y ⎠ 2⎞ 3
Q 1
Restricciones
――
1
= ―――――――――――
2
⋅ ――――――― 2
― ― ―
2 3
S ⎛ 1.5 ⎛ ‾‾‾‾‾ 2 ⎞ 1.5 ⎞ ⎛ ‾‾‾‾‾ 2 ⎞3
b ⋅ n
⎜――――――――――
1 + ⎝ 2 ⋅ 1 + Z ⋅ y
ING.⎠ ⋅ n
MARCO
2 ⎟ ⎝ b
MUÑIZ + 2 ⋅ 1 + Z ⋅ y⎠
⎜ ⎟
⎝ b + 2 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾
1 + Z2 ⋅ y ⎠
―
3
⎛⎝b ⋅ y + Z ⋅ y 2 ⎞⎠
Valor
Q 1
Restricciones
――
1
= ――――――――――― ⋅ ―――――――
ESTRUCTURAS HIDRAULICAS
2 2
2022-2
― BOCATOMAS ― ―
2 3 3
S ⎛ ⎛ ‾‾‾‾‾ ⎞ 1.5 ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
⎝b + 2 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾
1.5 2
b ⋅ n
⎜――――――――――
1 + ⎝ 2 ⋅ 1 + Z ⋅ y⎠ ⋅ n 2 ⎟ 1 + Z 2 ⋅ y⎠
⎜ ⎟
Solver ⎝ b + 2 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾
1+Z ⋅y2
⎠
Ario ≔ brio ⋅ yrio + Zrio ⋅ yrio 2 = 17.827 m 2 Trio ≔ brio + 2 ⋅ Zrio ⋅ yrio = 30.878 m
Ario
Rrio ≔ ―― = 0.567 m Zrio = 0.75
prio yrio = 0.586 m
Ario
Drio ≔ ―― = 0.577 m
Trio
brio = 30 m
5
―
Restricciones
3
Qder 1 ⎛⎛Z ⋅ y⎞ ⋅ y + Z ⋅ y 2 ⎞
⎝⎝ cte ⎠ ⎠
――1
= ― ⋅ ―――――――――
― n 2
―
2
S ⎛ ‾‾‾‾‾ 2 ⎞3
⎛ Z
⎝⎝ cte ⎠⋅ y⎞ + 2 ⋅ 1 + Z ⋅ y⎠
Solver
y = 0.879 m
⎛ ⎞
b ≔ 2 ⋅ ⎝ ‾‾‾‾‾
1 + Z 2 - Z⎠ ⋅ y = 1.086 m
T ≔ b + 2 ⋅ Z ⋅ y = 1.965 m T = 1.965 m
y
―= 0.293 m
A ≔ b ⋅ y + Z ⋅ y 2 = 1.34 m 2 3
y = 0.879 m
p ≔ b + 2 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾
1 + Z 2 ⋅ y = 3.051 m ING. MARCO MUÑIZ
ESTRUCTURAS HIDRAULICAS 2022-2
BOCATOMAS
y = 0.879 m
p ≔ b + 2 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾
1 + Z 2 ⋅ y = 3.051 m
A
R ≔ ―= 0.439 m
p
b = 1.086 m
⎛ Qder ⎞
⎜―― ⎟
⎝ A ⎠
Numero de Froude F ≔ ――― 1
= 0.508 < 1 —> Ok tipo de flujo subcritico
―
2
((g ⋅ y))
Q = c ⋅ L ⋅ ⎝h - hv ⎟⎠
⎜ 2 2
Ecuación general de vertederos (Francis)
Velocidad de aproximación hv ≔ 0
― ⎛ ―⎞
2 2
⎛ Qder ⎞ 3 ⎜ s 3 ⎟
Tirante de agua sobre el vertedero h ≔ ⎜―― ⎟ ⋅ ⎜―― ⎟ = 0.508 m
⎝ c⋅L ⎠ ⎜ ― 1
⎟
3
⎜⎝ m ⎟⎠
∴ las dimensiones de la ventana de captación son: L ≔ 3.0 ⋅ m ∧ h2 ≔ 0.55 m
Se adopta h0 ≔ 0.60 m
∴ p ≔ h0 + h2 + 0.20 m = 1.35 m
Se estima que el área hidráulica del canal de limpia varia entre 1/10 a 1/15 del área
obstruida por el aliviadero:
A2
A1 = ―
12
brio
Ancho del canal de limpia Lbm ≔ ―― = 2.5 m
12
Numero de compuertas Nc ≔ 2
brio = 30 m
L = Lbf - 0.1 ⋅ Nc ⋅ H
Para el calculo del caudal del aliviadero se asume un valor inicial para: H ≔ 0.480 m
1
―
2
Qcl = Cd ⋅ Lcl ⋅ p ⋅ ((2 g ⋅ ((p + H))))
Donde: Altura total del agua en cara interior del barraje y1 ≔ p + H = 1.83 m
m3 m3
Como: Qt = 43.648 ―― ≅ Qmax = 43 ―― —> las dimensiones son validas
s s
Tirantes en el barraje y colchón de disipación
v0 2 v1 2
Z0 + d0 + ―― = Z1 + d1 + ―― + Δh01
2⋅g 2⋅g 2
v0 v1 2
⎛⎝Z0 - Z1⎞⎠ + ⎛⎝d0 - d1⎞⎠ - Δh01 + ―― = ――
2⋅g 2⋅g
v0 2 v1 2
ΔZ + ⎛⎝d0 - d1⎞⎠ - Δh01 + ―― = ――
2⋅g 2⋅g
v1 2 v0 2
―― ⎛ ⎞
= ΔZ + ⎝d0 - d1⎠ - Δh01 + ――
2⋅g 2⋅g
⎛ Qal ⎞ 2
⎜―――⎟
⎝ ⎛⎝Lbf ⋅ d1⎞⎠ ⎠ v0 2
――――= ΔZ + ⎛⎝d0 - d1⎞⎠ - Δh01 + ――
2⋅g 2⋅g
Valores de prueba
d1 ≔ 0.1 ⋅ m
Restricciones
⎛ Qal ⎞ 2
⎜―――⎟
⎝ ⎛⎝Lbf ⋅ d1⎞⎠ ⎠ v0 2
⎛ ⎞
――――= ΔZ + ⎝d0 - d1⎠ - Δh01 + ――
2⋅g 2⋅g
Solver
d1 = 0.276 m
Qal m
v1 ≔ ―――= 4.434 ―
⎛⎝Lbf ⋅ d1⎞⎠ s
Colchón disipador
Verificamos la necesidad de considerar un pozo disipador; para ello determinamos el Numero
de Froude
v v1
F = ――― F ≔ ――― = 2.695 —> Se requiere un tanque Tipo II
‾‾‾‾
g⋅d ‾‾‾‾
g ⋅ d1
Canal de limpia
――⎛ ―⎞
10 2 -1
n ⋅g 2
m
9 ⎜ 3 ⎟
Scl ≔ ――― 2
⋅ ⎜―― ⎟ = 0.002
― ⎝ s2 ⎠
9
q
de (1)
1
y = ――― n-1
⋅ xn – – – – (2)
k⋅H
Se deriva para punto de tangencia
dy n dy
― = ――― ⋅ xn - 1 ademas ― = tan ((α))
dx k ⋅ H n-1
dx
1
――
n-1
n ⎛k ⎞
tan ((α)) = ――― n-1
⋅ xn - 1 —–> x = H ⋅ ⎜―⋅ tan ((α))⎟
k⋅H ⎝n ⎠
valores de α = 30 ° , 45 ° ‥ 60 ° se toma α ≔ 45 °
1
――
n-1
⎛k ⎞
xt ≔ H ⋅ ⎜―⋅ tan ((α))⎟ = 0.526 m
⎝n ⎠
1
en (2) yt ≔ ――― n-1
⋅ xt n = 0.284 m
k⋅H
⎛⎝p + ΔZ - yt⎞⎠ H
az ≔ b + xt + ――――― + ―⋅ tan ((α)) = 2.472 m
tan ((α)) 2
Para cauces de grava y canto:
La
―= 2 —–> d2 - yrio = 0.337 m
Z
donde: Z ≔ ((p + H)) - yrio = 1.244 m —–> La ≔ 2 ⋅ Z = 2.489 m
H = 0.48 m
p = 1.35 m
Fh = 1067.25 kgf Fv = 7106.2 kgf Mest = 21376.06 kgf ⋅ m Mdes = 11769.238 kgf ⋅ m
ΣMest Mest
F.S = ――― F.S.V ≔ ――= 1.816 >1.5 —> Ok
ΣMdes Mdes
Presion en el suelo:
Mest - Mdes
Punto de paso de la resultante : xr ≔ ―――― = 1.352 m
Fv
az az az = 2.5 m
Excentricidad: e ≔ xr - ―= 0.102 m < ―= 0.417 m —> Ok
2 6
⎛ az ⎞
⎛⎝Fv ⋅ e⎞⎠ ⋅ ⎜― ⎟
Fv ⎝2⎠ kgf kgf
qmin ≔ ―――― - ―――――― = 0.215 ―― < σt = 3 ―― —> Ok
az ⋅ 100 cm 1 3 cm 2 cm 2
― ⋅ 100 ⋅ cm ⋅ az
12
⎛ az ⎞
⎛⎝Fv ⋅ e⎞⎠ ⋅ ⎜― ⎟
Fv ⎝2⎠ kgf kgf
qmax ≔ ―――― + ―――――― = 0.354 ―― < σt = 3 ―― —> Ok
az ⋅ 100 cm 1 3 cm 2 cm 2
― ⋅ 100 ⋅ cm ⋅ az
12