Profesor: Pablo Cuenca Ph.D.

LABORATORIO

OBJETIVO
Calcular la tasa y el porcentaje de deforestación
Comparar las tasas de deforestación y analizar las implicancias para la planificación del paisaje

RESULTADOS ESPERADOS
20
El estudiante debe ser capaz de analizar los patrones deforestación y sus implicanciasC.enEcheverría et al. y protección de los
la conservación
bosques.
grouped into the ‘other’ category. In the Highlands of Chiapas, three land-
INSTRUCCIONES
cover classes were defined: (i) native forest, including pine, pine–oak, oak
Lea atentamente las preguntas y responda apoyándose en gráficos y/o cuadros.
and montane cloud forests; (ii) shade coffee plantations; and (iii) non-forest
cover, which corresponded to agriculture fields, pasturelands, recent fallows,
Mapas de entrada: coberturas de uso del suelo para los años 1990, 2000, 2008 y 2014, 2018. Decargar
cleared areas, bare ground and urban areas (Cayuela et al., 2006b). In the
http://ide.ambiente.gob.ec/mapainteractivo/
Chilean study areas, the following main categories of land-cover types were
Ejemplo:
obtained: crops and pastureTYPE lands, shrublands,
COBERTURAarboreus shrublands, native
forests, and other land-cover types. In Rio Maule-Cobquecura, native for-
1 Bosque nativo
ests corresponded basically to secondary forests, whereas in Los Muermos-
Ancud this category included secondary andPermanente
2 Cultivo old-growth forests.
3 Pastizal
4 Mosaico Agropecuario
Analyses of forest loss and landscape 5 spatial
Área sinpattern
Cobertura Vegetal

The resulting categories of land-cover types were used to analyse forest cover
Conteste mediante un informe escrito:
change over time using GIS software. Forest maps for each study year were
1) Bosques nativos
- generated to quantify
¿Cuál es la tasa forest loss
de deforestación and thede
por intervalo spatial
tiempoconfiguration of native
y en todo el periodo forest
observado?
fragments. The formula used to determine the annual rate
Use la siguiente fórmula (Echeverría et al, 2008, Cuenca et al, 2017): of deforestation
was (FAO, 1995):
 A  1/(t2 −t1 ) 
P =  2  − 1 * 100
 A1  

P: porcentaje
where P is the de pérdida
percentagepor año; A1 per
loss y A2 son el A
year, áreaandal año
A2 tare
1 y año
thet2forest
respectivamente.
area at time
1
t1 and t2 respectively.
- Compare
Next,lalandscape
tasa de deforestación encontrada
spatial indices were encomputed
su laboratorio con otras
using tasas de(version
fragstats deforestación en el
Ecuador
3.3) o del mundo.
(McGarigal et al., 2002). The following indices were calculated: (i) mean
- ¿El bosque
patch size está
(ha);bajo
(ii)proceso
patchintenso
densitydeforestación?
(number of patches per 100 ha); (iii) the
- Compare las tasas de deforestación
largest patch index (percentage of area entre periodos y dentro –for
accounted fuera
bydel
theárea protegida
largest (si está usando
patch);
áreas protegidas)
(iv) the total edge length (km); (v) total core area (interior area remaining
- Analice la trayectoria temporal del CUS.
after removing an edge depth of 100 m, in hectares); and (vi) mean proximity
- ¿Existe un cambio en la composición de la matriz a lo largo del periodo de estudio?
index (ratio between the size and proximity of all patches whose edges are
- Explique que motores son estadísticamente significante en la pérdida del bosque en los diferentes
within
periodos1dekm-search
análisis. radius of the focal patch). In Central Veracruz, the forest
- loss
Análisis y discutawas
analysis conducted
si está de acuerdousing only
y por qué en undisturbed
los motores queforest
explicanand excluding en su área de
la deforestación
disturbed
estudio. forest or old-fields. In the other study areas, forest loss was deter-
- mined using a unique
Qué implicancias category
tiene la pérdida of native
de bosque en laforest.
planificación de su área de estudio?

Determination of driving forces of deforestation

The question of which environmental and social factors (‘drivers’) affected

the probability of a particular location being deforested was investigated by
logical regression analyses. Cover maps from consecutive images (e.g. 1976
and 1985 in Los Muermos-Ancud) were overlain in a GIS, and each pixel
of the image was classified as either forested (i.e. forest in both years) or
deforested (i.e. forested in the first year and some other cover type in the sec-
ond year). A random subset of 1000 forested-plus-deforested pixels was then