Lección 3:

La familia
Los padres = parents
Los parientes = relatives
El padre (papá) = dad
La madre (mamá) = mom
Los hijos = children
El hijo = son
La hija = daughter
Los abuelos = grandparents
El abuelo = grandpa
La abuela = grandma
Los nietos = grandchildren
El nieto = grandson
La nieta = granddaughter
Los bisabuelos = great-grandparents
Los bisnietos = great-grandchildren
Los hermanos = siblings
El hermano = brother
La hermana = sister
El gemelo = twin (mellizo; guate)
Los tíos = aunts and uncles
El tío = uncle
La tía = aunt
Los primos = cousins
El sobrino = nephew
La sobrina = niece
El suegro = father-in-law
La suegra = mother-in-law
El yerno = son-in-law
La nuera =daughter-in-law
El cuñado = brother-in-law
La cuñada = sister-in-law
El esposo / marido = husband
La esposa = wife
El novio = boyfriend
La novia = girlfriend
El padrastro = stepdad
La madrastra = stepmom
El hijastro = stepson
El hermanastro = stepbrother
El medio hermano = half brother
Los gemelos = twins
Los niños = kids
El muchacho / el chico = boy
La muchacha / la chica = girl
La mascota = pet
El perro = dog
El gato = cat
El pájaro = bird
soltero = single
casado = married
separado = separated
divorciado = divorced
viudo = widow/widower
comprometido = engaged
(also fiancé)
La persona = person
La gente = people
El nombre = name
El segundo nombre = middle name
El apellido = last name
El apodo = nickname
El amigo = friend
El/la artista = artist
El / la ingeniero/a = engineer
El/la abogado/a = lawyer
El/la periodista = journalist
El/la doctor/a; el/la médico/a = doctor
El/la programador/a = computer programmer
El padrino = godfather
La madrina = godmother
Los ahijados = godchildren
El bautismo = Baptism

LOS ADJETIVOS:

alto = tall
bajo / chaparro = short
flaco / delgado = thin
gordo = big (fat)
rubio = light-complected
moreno = dark-complected
simpático / amable = nice
antipático / pesado = mean
trabajador/a = hard-working
perezoso / flojo = lazy
inteligente, listo = smart
tonto = not smart
guapo = handsome
feo = ugly
bonito / hermoso /lindo / bello = pretty
rico = rich
pobre = poor
joven = young
viejo = old
largo = long
corto = short (length)
nuevo = new
grande = big
pequeño /chiquito = small
mucho = a lot
poco = a little
fácil = easy
difícil = hard
mismo = same
juntos = together

muy = very

These adjectives describe physical descriptions, and therefore are used with the verb
“SER”.
If describing females or feminine nouns, words that end in -o must end in -a; if plural,
end in -s.
EX: Mi mamá es bonita.

Adjectives must go AFTER the noun they describe (and agree):

The big fat lazy cat is on the little white table.

El gato grande, gordo y perezoso está en la mesa pequena y blanca.

Plural:
The big fat white cats are on the little white tables.

Los gatos grandes, gordos y perezosos están en las mesas pequenas y blancas.

-ER VERBS
comer = to eat
take off the -er, and add back the endings:

comer
-er

I = yo = -o
You = tú = -es
You = Ud. = -e
He/She = él/ella = -e
We = nosotros = emos
Y’all = vosotros = éis
Y’all = Uds. = en
They = ellos = en

Common -er verbs:

Aprender = to learn
beber = to drink
comprender = to understand
creer = to believe
comer = to eat
correr = to run
deber = to ought, should
leer = to read
vender = to sell

-IR VERBS:
take off the -ir and add back the endings:
vivir
-ir

Yo =o
Tú = es
él/Ella/Ud. = e
Nosotros = imos
Vosotros = ís
Ellos/Uds. = en

Common -ir verbs:

Asistir a = to attend / go to
Abrir = to open
Compartir = to share
Decidir = to decide
Describir = to describe
escribir = to write
recibir = to receive
vivir = to live

TENER = to have; age

Yo tengo
Tú tienes
Ud. / él/ Ella tiene
Nosotros tenemos
Vosotros tenéis
Uds./Ellos tienen

¿Cuántos años tienes? = How old are you?

Tengo _____ años.

Uses:
1) to have
2) age: ¿Cuántos años tienes?
3) obligation:
What you have to do:
*Must use “que” between tener and the next verb.
¿Qué tienes que hacer hoy?
What do you have to do today?
Tengo que trabajar.
I have to work.
4)Feel like / urge to
tener ganas de
¿Qué tienes ganas de hacer ahora?
What do you feel like (have the urge to do) doing now?
Tengo ganas de comer y dormir.
I feel like eating and sleeping.
4) Expressions:
*tener could be used instead of “estar” to talk about how you feel.
*the adjectives do NOT agree; they stay the same they are here.
Tener frío = to be cold
(Tengo frío = I am cold)
Tener calor = to be hot
Tener hambre = to be hungry
Tener sed = to be thirsty
Tener prisa = to be in a hurry
Tener sueño = to be sleepy
(estar cansado = to be tired)
tener suerte = to be lucky
tener miedo = to be afraid
tener éxito= to be successful
tener cuidado = to be careful
tener verguenza = to be embarrassed
tener celos = to be jealous
tener razón = to be right

Otros verbos:
Venir = to come
Yo vengo
Tú vienes
Él/ella viene
Nosotros venimos
Vosotros venís
Ellos / Uds. Vienen

*Must use “a” between it and the next verb.

¿Qué vienes a hacer aquí?

What are you coming to do here?
Vengo a aprender.
I’m coming to learn.

Possessive Adjectives:
mi (s) = my
tu (s) = your
su (s) = his/her/your
nuestro /a (s) = our
vuestro/a(s) = your plural
su (s) = your plural; their

They agree with the THING not the Person.

Los Núneros:
10 = diez
20 = veinte
30 – treinta
40 = cuarenta
50 = cincuenta
60 = sesenta
70 = setenta
80 = ochenta
90 = noventa
100 = cien (if exactly 100 = use “cien”)
101 = ciento uno (if over 100 = use ciento)
1.000 = mil
10.000 diez mil
100.000 = cien mil
1.000.000 = un millón
1.000.000.000 = mil millones