ADMINISTRACIÓN DE EMPRESAS TURÍSTICAS Y HOTELERAS

English Course Clever PALOMINO CHACÓN

UNIT 8. PERSONALITIES
• MISCELLANEA

• Adjective order
Con frecuencia, es necesario emplear dos o más adjetivos para complementar a un
sustantivo. Existen normas que rigen el orden de los adjetivos, dependiendo de la
naturaleza de los mismos: de hecho (‘fact adjectives’) o de opinión (‘opinion
adjectives’).

Los ‘fact adjectives’ dan información objetiva acerca del sustantivo que califican.
Podría ser un color (red), tamaño (big), forma (square), etc.

Los ‘opinion adjectives’ aportan información acerca de lo que se piensa del sustantivo
al que acompañan (beautiful, delicious, ugly).

Generalmente, los opinion adjectives se sitúan delante de los fact adjectives.

Yesterday, I saw a beautiful pink Chevrolet.

Algunas veces, se necesitan dos o más fact adjectives. Aunque no siempre, se

ordenan de la siguiente manera:

1. Size (how big?)

2. Age (how old?)

3. Colour

4. Origin (where from?)

5. Material (what is it made of?)

Ejemplos:

A little cardboard box. (Una pequeña caja de cartón.)

An old German car. (Un viejo coche alemán.)

A new silk shirt. (Una camisa nueva de seda.)

Los adjetivos de tamaño y longitud (small, large, tall, long, etc.) suelen ir delante de los
adjetivos de forma y grosor (round, thin, fat, wide, etc.)

Ejemplos:

A long wide road. (Una carretera larga y ancha.)

A small thin book. (Un libro pequeño y delgado.)

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English Course Clever PALOMINO CHACÓN

• VOCABULARY
• Adjetivos de personalidad

Adventurous Aventurero Impulsive Impulsivo

Affable, Pleasant Afable Individualistic Individualista
Ambitious Ambicioso Irritable Irritable
Angry Enfadado Jealous Celoso
Astonished Asombrado Lazy Vago, perezoso
Astute Astuto Lonely Solitario
Authoritarian Autoritario
Materialistic Materialista
Bad-tempered Malhumorado
Melancholic Melancólico
Bored, Weary Aburrido
Nervous Nervioso
Brave Valiente
Noisy Ruidoso
Caring Cuidadoso
Old-fashioned Pasado de moda
Charming Encantador
Optimistic Optimista
Cheerful Alegre, jovial
Passionate Apasionado
Clever Inteligente, astuto Pessimistic Pesimista
Conformist Conformista Pleasant Agradable
Creative Creativo Pleased Contento
Deceptive, DeceivingEmbaucador Polite Educado
Depressed Deprimido Proud, Arrogant Orgulloso
Disappointment Decepcionado Rebellious Rebelde
Disorganised Desorganizado Reserved Reservado
Easy-going Fácil de tratar Rude Bruto
Elegant Elegante Sad Triste
Energetic Energético Secretive Reservado
Envious Envidioso Selfish Egoísta
Evil Malvado Shy Tímido
Forgetful Olvidadizo Stubborn Cabezota
Furious Furioso Surprised Sorprendido
Fussy Quisquilloso Terrified Aterrorizado
Glad Contento Unhappy Desdichado
Greedy Glotón, avaro Untidy Desordenado
Happy Feliz, Contento Upset Disgustado
Hypocritical Hipócrita Vigorous Enérgico
Idealistic Idelalista Violent Violento
Imaginative Imaginativo Willing Voluntarioso
Impatient Impaciente Witty Ingenioso, ocurrente

• TEXT

• Present Perfect Simple / Present Perfect Continuous

1. Compara las siguientes oraciones:

SIMPLE
(SUJ + HAVE + VERBO PART. + COMPL.)
“David has read The Lord of the Rings.
He really enjoyed it.”
Se comunica el hecho de que David ha
CONTINUOUS
(SUJ + HAVE + BEEN + VERBO (-ING) + COMPL.)
“David has been reading The Lord of the
Î Rings. He is really enjoying it.”
Lo interesante es la actividad de David, quien no

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English Course Clever PALOMINO CHACÓN

finalizado por completo la acción de leer el
libro y el resultado de la misma (disfrutarlos).
“Have you eaten, Bobby? Would you like
a sandwich or something?”
Una persona pregunta a Bobby si tiene
hambre ... el resultado de no haber comido.
“David has read five of Tolkien’s books.”
El Present perfect simple se usa para acciones
terminadas en las que se dice cuántas veces,
o qué cantidad, cuando hay un número
determinado.
ha acabado la acción de leer los libros.
“What have you been eating Bobby? You’ve
got sauce all over your new shirt?”
Î Aqui la atención se centra en la activodad que
ha causado el resultado actual, Bobby ha comido
realmente.
“David has been reading for two hours.”
El Present perfect continuous se usa para
Î describir la duración de una actividad que
todavía se está desarrollando.

Nota:

Algunas veces, puede haber poca o ninguna diferencia entre ambas formas.

I have played / been playing basketball since I was eight.

La forma continua puede sugerir que la situación es más temporal. Compara las
siguientes oraciones:

I’ve been living in a hostal for the last six weeks.

I’ve lived here since I was born.

2. Lee las siguientes conversaciones cortas y rellena los huecos con las formas
apropiadas de Past simple, Present perfect simple o Present perfect continuous.

start try (x 2) be beat smoke (x 2) hear

condemn win finish train do (x3) run
discover read (x3)

A) - you ever “Ulysses” by James Joyce?

- No, I to read it a few years ago but it was too difficult. I _____
_______ a book by another Irish writer, Roddy Doyle. It’s a lot more accessible and
completely hilarious!

- Oh, I of him. Can I borrow it when you’ve finished reading it?

- Of course! I ten chapters and I nearly . I’ll give it to you

as soon as I have finished.

B) - You look exhausted! What you been ?

-I . I’m training for the London marathon.

- You’re going to do the marathon! You must be insane! ______ you ______ one
before?

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- Yes, I the Manchester Marathon in 1995 but since then I

a bit lazy. I ________ _______ for the last six weeks.

C) - Can you get me a packet of cigarettes at the shop, love?

- Another packet? How many fags you today? You ______

______ ________ non- stop all day. It’s very unhealthy! Why don’t you try to give them
up?

- You know I half a dozen times. The last time I I nearly went
crazy!

D) Here are today’s headlines for the nine o’clock news:

The opposition _______________the Government’s secret arms deal with Thailand.

British scientists _______ _________ a way of diagnosing Parkinson’s disease.

Celtic _________ ________ the Scottish Premier League for the third consecutive
year. They Hearts three- two at home in Celtic Park.

3. Listening. ‘Have you ever’. Escucha las conversaciones y comprueba las

respuestas del ejercicio anterior.

4. Reading. Adjetivos de personalidad.

They don’t make them like George any more. He’s a real gentleman. He’s retired now and he’s
getting on a bit but he pays a lot of attention to his appearance. He’s always wearing a neat suit and
tie and usually wears the medals that he won in the war. I often meet him in the pub on Friday
nights where he’s known as King George! He doesn’t show his emotions very much but he’s very
charismatic. He never swears and is very well-mannered. All the old ladies love him!

Edward was a good friend of mine when we were at Cambridge together but we don’t see eye to
eye these days. He’s a lawyer now and intends to have his own law firm in a few years. He thinks
he’s better than everyone else. He looks down on people who earn less than him. His only interests
are money and his expensive possessions. He has changed a lot – he used to be such a nice bloke
but now all he does is insult me.

Karen and I went to university together and although we don’t see much of each other lately I
consider him a friend. I have to say though, he’s a bit of a disaster. He has a very bad memory.
Every time we arrange to meet he’s either late or he doesn’t turn up at all! He’s not very good at
managing his time. He’s working as a social worker now which is quite surprising. He’s really
intelligent and everyone thought he had a very promising future. Imagine working with drug addicts
and alcoholics! That’s certainly not my cup of tea!

Arthur likes going out with his friends and he gets on well with everyone. He’s usually the life
and soul of the party and he’s always making people laugh with his intelligent jokes and smart
observations. He has a few problems with his parents, usually because his room is in a mess or
because he doesn’t work very hard in school or at home.

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Brigid is a really nice girl but she spends too much time alone in her room. I think she’s writing a
book or something. It’s hard to know; she doesn’t like talking about herself. She’s very timid and I
don’t think she’s very happy in general. She needs to get out more.

Alice is a horrible little girl! A real monster! She never stops screaming and shouting. She gets
angry very easily and everything has to be perfect for her. She’s always crying or fighting with the
other children. I blame her parents. They always give her everything she wants, when she wants.

Joane is quite a superhero! She’s always climbing mountains and rafting down rivers. She
doesn’t need any excuse to drop what she’s doing and jump straight into some dangerous situation!
I went climbing in the Lake District with her once. It was fantastic although she kept on complaining
that I was too slow! She likes to think of herself as a great explorer. Every time I meet her she tells
me about her travels around the world.

Joe is a happy, little boy and he is doing well at school. He’s very good at drawing and he can
invent fantastic little stories! He’s a bit chubby because he eats too many sweets. I’ve tried to make
him eat less but he’s very demanding. He always gets what he wants and when he gets an idea in
his little head, nothing can stop him!

5. En cada una de las casillas, hay cinco adjetivos que describen diferentes
personalidades. Lee el texto y coloca el nombre que corresponda a cada una de
las descripciones. Busca en un diccionario las palabras que no conozcas.

.................. .................. .................. ..................

easy-going old-fashioned well-educated impulsive
sociable elegant ambitious adventurous
witty reserved snobbish brave
lazy charming rude impatient
untidy polite materialistic proud

.................. .................. .................. ..................

energetic pleasant easy-going clever
spoilt secretive caring creative
fussy imaginative idealistic cheerful
bad-tempered shy disorganised stubborn
noisy lonely forgetful greedy

• SELF- EVALUATION EXERCISES

6. Present perfect simple y Present perfect continuous. Lee la siguiente situación
y escribe dos oraciones, una usando el Present perfect simple y otra con el
Present Perfect continuous.

1. Mary and Hugh are in the process of decorating their house. The kitchen, the hall
and two bedrooms are finished.

(they / paint/ their house)

(they / already / paint/ four rooms)

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2. Richard is doing his homework. He started an hour ago and he is just starting the
third exercise.

(he / do/ his homework for one hour)

(he/ do/ two exercises so far)

3. Michael Slownot started driving when he was 10. Now he has just won his fourth
world motor racing championship.

(he /drive/ since he was 10)

(he/ be/ the world champion four times)

7. Rellena los huecos usando los verbos que te proporcionamos entre paréntesis.

1. My father is a writer. He ______________ (write) many books.

2. Roger ________________ (do) his homework all morning.

3. I’m sorry I’m late. _______ you _____________ (wait) long?

4. Look at that! The kids ______________ (break) the window again.

5. I _______________ (not visit) my sister for a long time. I should go and see her.

6. Sue ______________ (learn) German for four years now. She’s quite good at it.

8. Completa las siguientes oraciones con los adjetivos del cuadro.

shy stubborn spoilt ambitious

forgetful adventurous impatient lazy

1. Little Johnny always gets what he wants. If he sees a new toy that he likes, his
parents buy him it. He is ______________.

2. Mary says that she will have her own business by the time she is twenty and by the
time she is thirty she will be a millionaire. She’s very _____________.

3. Steve finds it very difficult to mix with new people because he’s so __________.

4. Jim doesn’t remember half of the things he has to do. He is really ___________.

5 Arthur gets angry if he has to wait for anything. He’s ______________.

6. Susie always wants to go to new countries and try new sports regardless of how
dangerous they are. She’s ______________.

7. Eddie never wants to do anything. He’s happy to stay in bed all day and let
everyone else do the work. He’s really ____________.

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8. Once Betty decides something it’s impossible to change her ideas even if she is
clearly wrong. She’s _____________.

9. Coloca los adjetivos que se encuentran entre los paréntesis en la posición

correcta.

1. An ___________ ___________ book. (interesting/old)

2. A ___________ ___________ girl. (little/nice)

3. A ___________ ___________ motorbike. (blue/beautiful)

4. An ___________ ___________ lady. (old/attractive)

5. ___________ ___________ shoes. (brown/leather)

6. A ___________ ___________ dog. (black/big)

7. A ___________ ___________ ___________ village. (old/lovely/little)

8. ___________ ___________ champagne. (French/expensive)

• OPEN EXERCISES EVALUATION

10. Present perfect / Present perfect continuous. Tu nuevo cpYour new
classmate is a very busy person. Read each sentence and ask him a question
using how long/ how many /how much, etc.

1. He is learning to play the piano.

How long ?

2. He writes plays for the local theatre.

How many ?

3. He is going out with Alice Goldwater, that famous actress.

How long ?

4. He goes to New York many times every year.

How many times ?

5. He plays football at weekends.

How long ?

11. Piensa en respuestas apropiadas para las siguientes preguntas. Usa el

Present perfect continuous.

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Example: Why is that dog wet? Because it’s been swimming in the river.

1. Why is Stuart losing so much weight?

2. Why are the children’s clothes so muddy?

3. Why are her eyes so red?

4. Why do you look so hot?

5. Why are you so tired?

6.

6. Why has he got paint in his hair?

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