Pasos para diseño en compresión

K⋅L
1. Estimar ―― ＝ 50
r
K⋅L ‾‾‾
fy
2. Calcular λc ＝ ――⋅ ―
r⋅π E
3. Calcular fcri
4. Calcular Ag y elegir un perfil
K⋅L
5. Calcular ――
r
K⋅L
6. Calcular λc , volver al paso 3 hasta que ――aprox. en
r
el paso 4
Diseñar el siguiente elemento, cuya carga ultima solicitante es 5.15 toneladas,
empleando acero A36 y longitud 2.14 metros

Datos:
kgf
Pus ≔ 5.15 tonnef E ≔ 2100000 ―― ϕ ≔ 0.90
cm 2
L ≔ 2.14 m
K≔1
kgf
fy ≔ 36 ksi = 2531.05 ――
cm 2

K⋅L 50 ‾‾‾
fy
―― ＝ 50 λc ≔ ― ⋅ ―= 0.55
r π E

if λc ≤ 1.5 = “Pandeo Inelástico”

‖ “Pandeo Inelástico”
‖
else
‖ “Pandeo Elástico”
‖

kgf
fcri ≔ if λc ≤ 1.5 = 2227.44 ――
‖ cm 2
‖ 0.658 ⋅ fy
λc 2

else
‖ fy
‖ 0.877 ⋅ ――
‖ λc 2
‖
Pus
ϕ ⋅ fcri ⋅ Ag ＝ Pus Ag ≔ ―― = 2.57 cm 2
ϕ ⋅ fcri

Sección adoptada: 50x50x1.5

Ag ≔ 2.85 cm 2
‾‾‾
Ix
Ix ≔ 11.06 cm 4 rx ≔ ― = 1.97 cm
Ag
‾‾‾
Iy
Iy ≔ 11.06 cm 4 ry ≔ ― = 1.97 cm
Ag

I ≔ min ⎛⎝Ix , Iy⎞⎠ = 11.06 cm 4 rmin ≔ min ⎛⎝rx , ry⎞⎠ = 1.97 cm

K⋅L
――= 108.63
rmin
 K⋅L ‾‾‾
fy
λc ≔ ――― ⋅ ―= 1.20
rmin ⋅ π E

if λc < 1.5 = “Pandeo Inelástico”

‖ “Pandeo Inelástico”
‖
else
‖ “Pandeo Elástico”
‖
kgf
fcri ≔ if λc < 1.5 = 1384.66 ――
‖ cm 2
‖ 0.658 ⋅ fy
λc 2

else
‖ fy
‖ 0.877 ⋅ ――
‖ λc 2
‖

Pus
Ag ≔ ―― = 4.13 cm 2
ϕ ⋅ fcri

Sección adoptada: 40x40x3

Ag ≔ 4.21 cm 2
‾‾‾
Ix
Ix ≔ 9.28 cm 4 rx ≔ ― = 1.48 cm
Ag
‾‾‾
Iy
Iy ≔ 9.28 cm 4 ry ≔ ― = 1.48 cm
Ag

I ≔ min ⎛⎝Ix , Iy⎞⎠ = 9.28 cm 4 rmin ≔ min ⎛⎝rx , ry⎞⎠ = 1.48 cm

K⋅L
――= 144.14
rmin

K⋅L ‾‾‾
fy
λc ≔ ――― ⋅ ―= 1.59
rmin ⋅ π E

if λc < 1.5 = “Pandeo Elástico”

‖ “Pandeo Inelástico”
‖
else
‖ “Pandeo Elástico”
‖
 kgf
fcri ≔ if λc < 1.5 = 874.90 ――
‖ cm 2
‖ 0.658 ⋅ fy
λc 2

else
‖ fy
‖ 0.877 ⋅ ――
‖ λc 2
‖

Pus
Ag ≔ ―― = 6.54 cm 2
ϕ ⋅ fcri

Sección adoptada: 100x100x2

Ag ≔ 7.74 cm 2
‾‾‾
Ix
Ix ≔ 122.99 cm 4 rx ≔ ― = 3.99 cm
Ag
‾‾‾
Iy
Iy ≔ 122.99 cm 4 ry ≔ ― = 3.99 cm
Ag

I ≔ min ⎛⎝Ix , Iy⎞⎠ = 122.99 cm 4 rmin ≔ min ⎛⎝rx , ry⎞⎠ = 3.99 cm

K⋅L
――= 53.68
rmin

En algunas ocasiones las áreas no serán las más cercanas al valor de iteración
En diseño a compresión se recomienda secciones simétricas
Determinar la carga última solicitante y diseñar a compresión el siguiente reticulado
Separación entre cerchas: 3m

kg
Carga básica de nieve qb ≔ 70 ――
2
m
km
Vel. viento Vv ≔ 140 ――
hr
kg
Carga de mantenimiento Lr ≔ 40 ――
2
m
a≔3 m Separación cerchas
b≔2 m Ancho de influencia
c≔1 m Elemento de borde
Carga de nieve α≔0

⎛ 45 - α ⎞ kg
Las cargas de área se q ≔ ⎜――― ⎟ ⋅ qb = 70.00 ――
linealizan multiplicando por ⎝ 45 ⎠ m2
la separación entre cerchas
kg
Carga lineal S ≔ a ⋅ qb = 210.00 ―
m

Carga de viento
Pw ＝ Cd ⋅ q
q ≔ 0.00483 ⋅ Vv 2 = 94.67
kg
q ≔ 94.67 ――
m2

Barlovento Sotavento

Cdb ≔ -0.7 Cds ≔ -0.6

kg kg
Pwb ≔ Cdb ⋅ q = -66.27 ―― Pws ≔ Cds ⋅ q = -56.80 ――
m2 m2
kg kg
Wb ≔ Pwb ⋅ a = -198.81 ― Ws ≔ Pws ⋅ a = -170.41 ―
m m
 Carga de mantenimiento
kg
Lr = 40.00 ――
m2
kg
Lr ≔ a ⋅ Lr = 120.00 ―
m

Cálculo de la carga última

kg kg kg kg kg kg kg
D≔0⋅― F≔0⋅― T≔0⋅― H≔0⋅― L≔0⋅― R≔0⋅― E≔0⋅―
m m m m m m m

kg
U1 ≔ 1.4 ⋅ ((D + F)) = 0.00 ―
m
kg
U2.1 ≔ 1.2 ⋅ ((D + F + T)) + 1.6 ⋅ ((L + H)) + 0.5 ⎛⎝Lr⎞⎠ = 60.00 ―
m

kg
U2.2 ≔ 1.2 ⋅ ((D + F + T)) + 1.6 ⋅ ((L + H)) + 0.5 ((S)) = 105.00 ―
m

kg
U3.1 ≔ 1.2 D + 1.6 ⎛⎝max ⎛⎝Lr , S⎞⎠⎞⎠ + 0.8 ⋅ Wb = 176.95 ―
m
kg
U3.2 ≔ 1.2 D + 1.6 ⎛⎝max ⎛⎝Lr , S⎞⎠⎞⎠ + 0.8 ⋅ Ws = 199.68 ―
m

kg
U4.1 ≔ 1.2 D + 1.6 Wb + 0.5 ⎛⎝max ⎛⎝Lr , S⎞⎠⎞⎠ = -213.09 ―
m
kg
U4.2 ≔ 1.2 D + 1.6 Ws + 0.5 ⎛⎝max ⎛⎝Lr , S⎞⎠⎞⎠ = -167.65 ―
m

kg
U5 ≔ 1.2 D + 1.0 L + 0.2 S = 42.00 ―
m

kg
U6 ≔ 0.9 ⋅ D + 1.6 ⋅ Wb + 1.6 H = -318.09 ―
m
kg
U7 ≔ 0.7 ⋅ D + E + 1.6 H = 0.00 ―
m

kg
Ucrit ≔ max ⎛⎝||U1|| , ||U2.1|| , ||U2.2|| , ||U3.1|| , ||U3.2|| , ||U4.1|| , ||U4.2|| , ||U5|| , ||U6|| , ||U7||⎞⎠ = 318.09 ――
m
 636
Ucrit ⋅ b = 636.18 kg 636 kg ―― = 318.00
2

Pus ≔ 5030.06 kg
kgf
Pus ≔ 5.0 tonnef E ≔ 2100000 ―― ϕ ≔ 0.90
cm 2
L ≔ 2.0 m
kgf K≔1
fy ≔ 36 ksi = 2531.05 ――
cm 2

K⋅L 50 ‾‾‾
fy
―― ＝ 50 λc ≔ ― ⋅ ―= 0.55
r π E

if λc < 1.5 = “Pandeo Inelástico”

‖ “Pandeo Inelástico”
‖
else
‖ “Pandeo Elástico”
‖
kgf
fcri ≔ if λc < 1.5 = 2227.44 ――
‖ cm 2
‖ 0.658 ⋅ fy
λc 2

else
‖ fy
‖ 0.877 ⋅ ――
‖ λc 2
‖
Pus
ϕ ⋅ fcri ⋅ Ag ＝ Pus Ag ≔ ―― = 2.49 cm 2
ϕ ⋅ fcri

Sección adoptada: 40x40x2

Ag ≔ 2.94 cm 2
‾‾‾
Ix
Ix ≔ 6.93 cm 4 rx ≔ ― = 1.54 cm
Ag

‾‾‾
Iy
Iy ≔ 6.93 cm 4 ry ≔ ― = 1.54 cm
Ag
 I ≔ min ⎛⎝Ix , Iy⎞⎠ = 6.93 cm 4 rmin ≔ min ⎛⎝rx , ry⎞⎠ = 1.54 cm

K⋅L
――= 130.27
rmin

K⋅L ‾‾‾
fy
λc ≔ ――― ⋅ ―= 1.44
rmin ⋅ π E

if λc < 1.5 = “Pandeo Inelástico”

‖ “Pandeo Inelástico”
‖
else
‖ “Pandeo Elástico”
‖

kgf
fcri ≔ if λc < 1.5 = 1063.18 ――
‖ cm 2
‖ 0.658 ⋅ fy
λc 2

else
‖ fy
‖ 0.877 ⋅ ――
‖ λc 2
‖

Pus
Ag ≔ ―― = 5.23 cm 2
ϕ ⋅ fcri

Sección adoptada: 50x50x3

Ag ≔ 5.41 cm 2
‾‾‾
Ix
Ix ≔ 19.41 cm 4 rx ≔ ― = 1.89 cm
Ag

‾‾‾
Iy
Iy ≔ 19.41 cm 4 ry ≔ ― = 1.89 cm
Ag

I ≔ min ⎛⎝Ix , Iy⎞⎠ = 19.41 cm 4 rmin ≔ min ⎛⎝rx , ry⎞⎠ = 1.89 cm

K⋅L
――= 105.59
rmin
 K⋅L ‾‾‾
fy
λc ≔ ――― ⋅ ―= 1.17
rmin ⋅ π E

if λc < 1.5 = “Pandeo Inelástico”

‖ “Pandeo Inelástico”
‖
else
‖ “Pandeo Elástico”
‖

kgf
fcri ≔ if λc < 1.5 = 1431.59 ――
‖ cm 2
‖ 0.658 ⋅ fy
λc 2

else
‖ fy
‖ 0.877 ⋅ ――
‖ λc 2
‖

Pus
Ag ≔ ―― = 3.88 cm 2
ϕ ⋅ fcri

Sección adoptada: 40x40x3

Ag ≔ 4.21 cm 2
‾‾‾
Ix
Ix ≔ 9.28 cm 4 rx ≔ ― = 1.48 cm
Ag

‾‾‾
Iy
Iy ≔ 9.28 cm 4 ry ≔ ― = 1.48 cm
Ag

I ≔ min ⎛⎝Ix , Iy⎞⎠ = 9.28 cm 4 rmin ≔ min ⎛⎝rx , ry⎞⎠ = 1.48 cm

K⋅L
――= 134.71
rmin

K⋅L ‾‾‾
fy
λc ≔ ――― ⋅ ―= 1.49
rmin ⋅ π E

if λc < 1.5 = “Pandeo Inelástico”

‖ “Pandeo Inelástico”
‖
else
‖ “Pandeo Elástico”
‖
 kgf
fcri ≔ if λc < 1.5 = 1001.11 ――
‖ cm 2
‖ 0.658 ⋅ fy
λc 2

else
‖ fy
‖ 0.877 ⋅ ――
‖ λc 2
‖

Pus
Ag ≔ ―― = 5.55 cm 2
ϕ ⋅ fcri

Sección adoptada: 75x75x2

Ag ≔ 5.74 cm 2
‾‾‾
Ix
Ix ≔ 50.47 cm 4 rx ≔ ― = 2.97 cm
Ag

‾‾‾
Iy
Iy ≔ 50.47 cm 4 ry ≔ ― = 2.97 cm
Ag

I ≔ min ⎛⎝Ix , Iy⎞⎠ = 50.47 cm 4 rmin ≔ min ⎛⎝rx , ry⎞⎠ = 2.97 cm

K⋅L
――= 67.45
rmin

PUR ≔ ϕ ⋅ fcri ⋅ Ag = 5171.76 kgf