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Se le pide diseñar una columna para PD = 325 klb y PL = 450 klb, usando
acero A992 con una longitud efectiva de KL = 18 pies. Se dispone de una W14
X 68 que tal vez no suministre suficiente capacidad. Si el perfil no tiene la
capacidad de carga, pueden añadirse cubreplacas a la sección para aumentar
la capacidad de la W14. Diseñe las cubreplacas para que tengan un ancho de
12 plg y se suelden a los patines de la sección para que la columna resista la
carga requerida (véase la Figura). Determine el espesor mínimo de placa
requerido.
Datos
Acero A992
fy ≔ 50 ksi E ≔ 27557 ksi
Acero A992
kl ≔ 18 ft Ix ≔ 723 in 4
A1 ≔ 20 in 2 Iy ≔ 121 in 4
ϕc ≔ 0.85 Le ≔ 216 in
Análisis de la de carga
COMB1 ≔ 1.4 ⋅ PD = 455 kip
Carga de Diseño
λ ≔ 1.5
‾‾‾
fy
kl ⋅
―
E
rmin ≔ ―――= 1.952 in
λ⋅π
kl
tab ≔ ―― = 110.63
rmin
Pu Ag - A1
Ag ≔ ――― = 63.903 in 2 e ≔ ――― = 1.829 in
ϕcxFcr 2 ⋅ Lc1
Dimensiones de Placa Inercia
Lc1 = 12 in
e = 1.829 in
IY ≔ 639.4 in 4
Radio de giro
Uso este ry
‾‾‾
IX ‾‾‾
IY
rx ≔ ―― = 7.342 in ry ≔ ―― = 3.163 in
AT AT
λc
kl ‾‾‾
fy
λc1 ≔ ――⋅ ― = 0.926 λc ≤ 1.5
π ⋅ ry E
DATOS:
Acero A242:
fy ≔ 50 ksi k≔1
Fu ≔ 60 ksi ϕc ≔ 0.85
E ≔ 29000 ksi
2L 8x6x1
Ix ≔ 80.8 in 4
Iy ≔ 38.8 in 4
L ≔ 22 ft
A1 ≔ 13 in 2
Area
AT ≔ A1 ⋅ 2 AT = 26 in 2
Inercia
⎛ 2⎞
⎜ ⎛3 ⎞ ⎟
I ≔ Iy + A1 ⋅ ⎜―in + 0.813 in ⎟ ⋅ 2 I = 216.699 in 4
⎜⎝ ⎝2 ⎠ ⎟⎠
Radio de giro
2 ‾‾‾
I
ry ≔ ―― ry = 2.887 in
AT
Determinar esbeltez
k⋅L 2 ‾‾‾
fy
λc ≔ ――⋅ ― λc = 1.209
π ⋅ ry E
Determinar Fcr
k⋅L
tabla ≔ ――
ry
tabla = 91.445
interpolación:
interpolación:
Pu1 ≔ ϕcxFcr ⋅ AT
DATOS:
Acero A36:
fy ≔ 36 ksi k≔1
fu ≔ 58 ksi ϕc ≔ 0.85
E ≔ 29000 ksi
5x5x3/4:
A1 ≔ 6.94 in 2
L ≔ 420 in
Ix ≔ 15.7 in 4
Iy ≔ 15.7 in 4
Area
AT ≔ A1 ⋅ 4 AT = 27.76 in 2
Inercia
⎛ 2⎞
I ≔ ⎝Ix + A1 ⋅ ((10 in - 0.694 in )) ⎠ ⋅ 4 I = 2466.861 in 4
Radio de giro
2 ‾‾‾
I
ry ≔ ―― ry = 9.427 in
AT
Determinar esbeltez
k ⋅ L 2 ‾‾‾
fy ‖ if λ ≤ 1.5
λc ≔ ――⋅ ― c
| | = “Ineslastico”
π ⋅ ry E ‖ ||
λc = 0.5 ‖ ‖ ‖ “Ineslastico” ||
‖ | | intermedia
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ “Elastico” | ||
‖ ‖
Determinar Fcr
Determinar resistencia
de diseño
1 metodo por tabla
k⋅L
tabla ≔ ―― tabla = 44.554
ry
interpolando:
ϕcxFcr ≔ 27.56798 ksi
2 metodo
2 metodo
Pu = 765.167 kip
V ≔ 0.02 ⋅ Pu
V = 15.303 kip
V 7.652 kip
ÁREA BRUTA ―= 7.652 kip ―――― = 8.836 kip
2 cos ((30 °))
8.836 kip
Ag ≔ ―――― Ag = 0.289 in 2
ϕc ⋅ fy
⎛ ⎛ 1⎞ 1 ⎞
ÁREA EFECTIVA Ae ≔ 0.75 ⋅ ⎜0.484 in 2 - 1 in ⋅ ⎜1 + ― ⎟ ⋅ ―in ⎟ = 0.258 in
2
⎝ ⎝ 8 ⎠ 8 ⎠
ϕ ≔ 0.75
Pu2 ≔ ϕ ⋅ fu ⋅ Ae
k ⋅ 18.41
tabla ≔ ―――= 29.409
0.626
interpolando:
16.25 in
tcal ≔ ―――― tcal = 0.402 in
((0.289 ⋅ 140))
14 in
t ≔ ―― t = 0.28 in
50
datos
kip
qu ≔ 2 ―― k≔1
ft
Columna 2C 12X30
Acero A36
Ag ≔ 8.82 in 2 xp ≔ 0.366 in
fy ≔ 36 ksi
E ≔ 29000 ksi Iy ≔ 5.14 in 4 a ≔ 12 in b ≔ 5 ft h ≔ 8 ft
⎛2 2 ⎞
L ≔ ⎝ ‾‾‾‾‾‾
5 + 8 2 ⎠ ft L = 9.434 ft
Análisis de la columna CE
Area
Inercia
a
d ≔ ―- xp d = 5.634 in
2
I ≔ 2 ⋅ ⎛⎝Iy + Ag ⋅ d 2 ⎞⎠ I = 570.208 in 4
Página 1 de 3
2 ‾‾‾‾
I
r≔ ―― r = 5.685 in
Ag1
Determinar λc k≔1
k⋅L 2 ‾‾‾
fy
λc ≔ ―― ⋅ ― λc = 0.223
r⋅π E
‖ if λ ≤ 1.5 | | = “Ineslastico”
‖ c
||
‖ ‖‖ “Ineslastico” | |
‖ | | intermedia
‖ else ||
‖ ‖‖ “Elastico” | |
‖ |
Determinar Fcr
2 kN
Fcr ≔ 0.658 λc ⋅ fy Fcr = 35.256 ksi Fcr = 24.308 ――
cm 2
⎛b⎞
α ≔ atan ⎜―⎟ α = 32.005 deg
⎝h⎠
cos
Página 2 de 3
Pu = 528.634 kip f ≔ cos ((α)) = 0.848 f1 ≔ sin ((α)) = 0.53
16 ft
Pu1 ⋅ 16 ft + qu ⋅ 16 ft ⋅ ――- Pu ⋅ f ⋅ 11 ft - Pu ⋅ f1 ⋅ h = 0
2
Pu1 ≔ 432.329 kip
Página 3 de 3
5. Determinar el valor de la carga máxima distribuida factorizada “ qu ” y la
sobre carga máxima que puede resistirá la estructura si están separados los
pórticos cada 4m si esta carga está limitada por la resistencia del elemento
biarticulado BD. El elemento BD está constituido por los elementos
mostrados en la figura, considerar acero A36:
datos
fy ≔ 36 ksi
L 3 x 3 x 1/4
rx ≔ 0.93 in
2
Ag ≔ 1.44 in placa
ry ≔ 0.93 in
Ix ≔ 1.24 in 4
3
l ≔ 5 m = 196.85 in b ≔ ―in
Iy ≔ 1.24 in 4 8
E ≔ 29000 ksi L ≔ 8 in
d ≔ 3 in
kl ≔ 8 ft = 96 in
yp ≔ 0.24 in xp ≔ 0.24 in
Radio de giro
2 ‾‾
I
r= ―
A
Area
Página 1 de 3
Inercia
⎛ 2⎞
⎜ ⎛b ⎞ ⎟ L ⋅ b3 2
I ≔ 4 ⋅ Iy + Ag ⋅ ⎜―+ xp⎟ + ――+ b ⋅ L ⋅ ((0 in )) I = 6.048 in 4
⎜⎝ ⎝2 ⎠ ⎟⎠ 12
2 ‾‾‾‾
I
r≔ ―― r = 0.831 in
Ag1
k ⋅ l 2 ‾‾‾
fy
λc ≔ ―― ⋅ ― λc = 2.657
r⋅π E
‖ if λ ≤ 1.5 | | = “Elastico”
‖ c
||
‖ ‖‖ “Ineslastico” | |
‖ | | intermedia
‖ else ||
‖ ‖‖ “Elastico” | |
‖ |
Determinar Fcr
⎛ 0.877 ⎞ kN
Fcr ≔ ⎜―― 2 ⎟
⋅ fy Fcr = 4.472 ksi Fcr = 3.083 ――
λ
⎝ c ⎠ cm 2
∑ MA = 0 horario
a ≔ 2.5 m = 98.425 in
b ≔ 3 m = 118.11 in
P ≔ 85 kN = 19.109 kip
Página 2 de 3
⎛ a⎞ solve , qu , float , 3 0.28 ⋅ in 4 ⋅ ksi - 0.0803 ⋅ in 2 ⋅ kip kip
qu ≔ qu ⋅ a ⋅ ⎜ 2 ⋅ b + ―⎟ + P ⋅ b - Pu ⋅ ((2 ⋅ b)) = 0 ―――――― → ――――――――――― = 2.396 ――
⎝ 2⎠ in 3
ft
kip
qu = 2.396 ――
ft
kip kN
qu1 ≔ 12.43 ―― = 181.402 ――
ft m
Sobrecarga L ≔ 4 m = 157.48 in
qu1 kip
sc ≔ ―― sc = 0.947 ――
L ft 2
kN
sc = 45.351 ――
m2
Página 3 de 3
6. Diseñe una placa base de acero A36 para una columna W12 * 152 con
una carga muerta de trabajo de 200Klb y una carga viva de trabajo de 450
Klb. La resistencia de concreto a los 28 días es f’c = 3klb/pulgada 2 , la
zapata tiene las dimensiones 8.5 pies x 8.5 pies
Datos
CV ≔ 450 kip
Análisis de carga
La carga de diseño
Pu
A1 ≔ bf ⋅ d = 171.101 in 2 A1 ≔ ――――― = 313.725 in 2
0.6 ⋅ ((1.7 ⋅ fc))
Área de la zapata
A2 ≔ a ⋅ b = 10404 in 2
1 ⎛ Pu ⎞2 2
A1 ≔ ― ⋅ ⎜――――― ⎟ = 37.841 in
A2 ⎝ 0.6 ⋅ ((0.85 ⋅ fc)) ⎠
Área A1 de diseño
Pu
A1 ≔ ――――― = 313.725 in 2
0.6 ⋅ ((1.7 ⋅ fc))
A1 = 313.725 in 2
N ≔ ‾‾‾
A1 + Δ = 19.2 in
Mayoramos
N ≔ 20 in
A1
B ≔ ― = 16 in
N
A1 ≔ N ⋅ B = 313.7 in 2
B ≔ 16 in
Calculamos m y n
Determinamos C PO AH
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 ⋅ Pu Pu
tp ≔ m ⋅ ――――― = 1.501 in P0 ≔ ――⋅ bf ⋅ d = 513.302 kip
0.90 ⋅ fy ⋅ B ⋅ N B⋅N
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 ⋅ Pu
tp ≔ n ⋅ ――――― = 1.294 in
0.90 ⋅ fy ⋅ B ⋅ N
P0 P0
AH1 ≔ ――――― = 36.57 in 2 AH2 ≔ ――――= 167.746 in 2
‾‾‾‾‾
A2 0.6 ((1.7 ⋅ fc))
0.6 ⋅ ――⋅ fc
bf ⋅ d
1 ⎛ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 ⎞
c ≔ ―⋅ ⎜⎝d + bf - tf - ((d + bf - tf)) - 4 ⋅ ⎛⎝AH1 - bf ⋅ tf⎞⎠ ⎟⎠ = 0.398 in
4
c = 0.398 in
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 ⋅ P0 ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 ⋅ Pu
tp ≔ c ⋅ ――――― = 0.37 in tp ≔ m ⋅ ――――― = 1.501 in
0.90 ⋅ fy ⋅ AH1 0.90 ⋅ fy ⋅ B ⋅ N
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 ⋅ P0 ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 ⋅ Pu
tp ≔ c ⋅ ――――― = 0.37 in tp ≔ m ⋅ ――――― = 1.501 in
0.90 ⋅ fy ⋅ AH1 0.90 ⋅ fy ⋅ B ⋅ N
tp ≔ 2 in
tp ≔ 2 in
B ≔ 16 in
N ≔ 20 in