H - Blmëéd H - Blmëéd Y.I.W. Y.I.W.: Yokurmr-Idbtor-Wrdtokor Yokurmr-Idbtor-Wrdtokor

H_BLMËÉD
Y.I.W.
Yokurmr-Idbtor-Wrdtokor

Yuaírjd5
=-Smëms.............................píkjbm
=-Smëms.............................píkjbm 9
3-Nmcj`jlmlos.......................píkjbm
3-Nmcj`jlmlos.......................píkjbm 9
9-Yjstoam...........................píkjbm
9-Yjstoam...........................píkjbm <

• Xmbtmkobs..............................
Xmbtmkobs..................................píkjbm
....píkjbm <

• Nmcj`jlmlos..............
Nmcj`jlmlos............................
..................píkjbm
....píkjbm 8

• Mrams....................
Mrams..................................
..................píkjbm
....píkjbm >

• Oqujpmaobtds.............
Oqujpmaobtds...........................
..................píkjbm
....píkjbm :

• Yjstoam lo @utms.......
@utms.....................
....................píkjbm
......píkjbm :

• Jbvobtírjd...............
Jbvobtírjd.............................
.................píkjbm
...píkjbm =7

• Xáijds...................
Xáijds.................................
.................píkjbm
...píkjbm ==

• Bávojs Aíxjads.....
Aíxjads...................
.......................píkj
.........píkjbm
bm ==

• Xoáiu`ds.................
Xoáiu`ds...............................
.................píkjbm
...píkjbm ==

• Wrdadëéd.................
Wrdadëéd...............................
.................píkjbm
...píkjbm ==
•
Oxporjåbijm..............
Oxporjåbijm............................
.................píkjbm
...píkjbm =3
Hjinm Císjim lo Worsdbmkoa.............
• Worsdbmkoa................píkjbm
...píkjbm =9
Hjinm Císjim YIWs........
• YIWs......................
.................píkjbm
...píkjbm =<
<-Irolobijmjs......................píkjbm
<-Irolobijmjs......................píkjbm =?
?-\átu`ds lo Hubijdbírjds..........píkjbm =>
8-I`mssos lo Dceotd................píkjbm 37
;-Krupds lo Jbtorosso..............píkjbm 39
Idad irjmr ua krupd lo jbtorossos...........
• jbtorossos............píkjbm
.píkjbm <<
Hjinm císjim pmrm KLJ...................
• KLJ........................píkjbm
.....píkjbm <?
>-Hdrëms \mrohms...................píkjbm <8

:-Hdrëms \mrohms Advojs............píkjbm <>
Dutrms H\As........
• H\As.....................
..........................p
.............píkjbm
íkjbm 8>
Hjinm Císjim H\As.........
• H\As.......................
...................píkjbm
.....píkjbm ;:
=7-Irêljtds........................píkjbm
=7-Irêljtds........................píkjbm >7

SMËMY
Nuambd- iorim lo :>% lds aoacrds lm hublmëéd, séd nuambds
bdramjs, ds 3% rostmbtos so rosjkbm mds YWIs quo iddporma ida m
hublmëéd, ossos, bd obtmbtd pdssuoa rokrms i`mrms sdcro idbtrdò
lo sums mtjvjlmlos.
Mblrdjlo- Jbto`jkåbijms mrtjhjijmjs usmlms oa dpormëÿos lo

idbtrdò o idbtobëéd lm hublmëéd, m mprdxjamëéd lo tmjs soros ç
YIWs lo jbhùåbijm toibd`ùkjim ê prdjcjlm.
Aoimnuambd- nuambds ida pmrtos aoiãbjims, oa sum amjdrjm aoacrds

lm jkroem ld Lous ]uocrmld, du possdms ambtjlms rohêbs po`ds
aosads, oa iortms dpormëÿos m hublmëéd idbsokuju m mssdijmëéd lo
m`kubs lostos jbljváluds, tdrbmbld-so hubijdbírjds.
Losidbnoijlm- Yoros prdvjblds lo mbdam`jms du YIWs ambtjlds

sdcro iustùljm lm hublmëéd, sums mtjvjlmlos séd ostrojtmaobto
adbjtdrmlms.
NMCJ@JLMLOY
]umbld jlobtjhjimlds idad pdssujbtos lo nmcj`jlmlos mbüam`ms,
jbljváluds iuems d usd lms nmcj`jlmlos béd soem idbsjlormld
lmbdsd m pdpu`mëéd ê oa sum amjdrjm mssdijmlds ç hublmëéd o
utj`jzmlds oa dpormëÿos, sums mtjvjlmlos séd adbjtdrmlms o oa
qum`quor rjsid quo pdssma mprosobtmr lovoa sor o`jajbmlds, pmrm
m sokurmbëm lm hublmëéd o lm pdpu`mëéd idaua. M amjdrjm lms
nmcj`jlmlos mbüam`ms obvd`vo5
Wsáqujid- idbtrdò lo possdms du dceotds mtrmvês lm aobto,

oxoap`d5 mpmkmr òacrmbëms, òr pobsmaobtds, oti...
Hásjid- Aulmbëms idrpdrmjs du bm hdram ida m qum` so jbtormko

ida d macjobto md roldr, oxoap`d5 toòpdrto, vdd, hdrëm sdcro-
nuambm, vo`dijlmlo sdcro-nuambm, oti...
Oòaobtm`- idbtrdò o ambjpu`mëéd lo oòaobtds quáajids mtrmvês

lm aobto, oxoap`ds5 hdkd, íkum, aotmjs, kmsos, oti...

YJY\OAM
M hjinm usmlm idad cmso pmrm d sjstoam ê jbspjrmlm bm hjinm lo
[dr`l dh Lmrfboss, irojd quo qum`quor sjstoam pdssm sor mlmptmld
pmrm sou edkd, ams roidaobld usmr iortms imrmitorástjims pmrm ua
ao`ndr edkd, roidaobld idaoëmr ida =37 pdbtds pmrm soroa
ljstrjcuálds mds mtrjcutds sobld d aíxjad lo =7 pdbtds oa imlm
mtrjcutd.
Xmbtmkobs5
Smëms pdssuoa vmbtmkobs oa m`kubs mtrjcutds so idapmrmlm ms
dutrms. M imlm bávo` ds pdbtds lo vjlm lo imlm rmëm ê muaobtmld
oa =7.
Ds pdbtds roiocjlds pmrm soroa ljstrjcuálds oa mtrjcutds, m imlm

bdvd bávo`, ê ljhorobto pmrm imlm rmëm5

• Nuambd +9

• Mblrdjlos +3

• Aoimnuambds +3,?

• Losidbnoijlm +=
Ms qumbtjlmlos lo nmcj`jlmlos usmlms pdr imlm rmëm tmacêa séd

ljhorobtos5
Nuambds5 = nmcj`jlmlo
•
Mblrdjlos5 3 nmcj`jlmlos (sobld prdjcjld nmcj`jlmlos

•
psáqujims)
Aoimnuambds5 3 nmcj`jlmlos (sobld lo tjpds ljhorobtos)
•
Losidbnoijlms5 9 nmcj`jlmlos
•
Nuambd- (Wdbtds lo Xjlm5 ?7)

Oruljëéd +3
Dháijds +9
Mutdidbtrdò +3
Wd`átjim + <
Mramaobtd5 +9
Mram lo hdkd5 +9
Oapmtjm +?
Ydijm`jzmëéd +3
Mblrdjlo- (Wdbtds
(Wdbtds lo Xjlm >7)
Jbto`jkåbijm +?
Hdrëm +9
Smijdijbd +<

Mutdidbtrdò + 9
Ijåbijms +?
Jbhdraítjim +<
Jbvostjkmëéd +<
Aoljijbm +3
Ydcrovjvåbijm +9
Jbtjajlmëéd +=
Mramaobtd5 +<
Xjkdr +9
Aoimnuambd- (Wdbtds
(Wdbtds lo Xjlm5 ;7)
Jbhdraítjim +3
Mram lo hdkd5 +9
Mramaobtd5 +<
Aoljijbm +9
Ydcrovjvåbijm +3
Mutdidbtrdò +=
Oapmtjm +<
Jbtjajlmëéd +9
Wd`átjim + 9
Hdrëm +3
Ijåbijms +9
Xjkdr +=
Losidbnoijlm- (Wdbtds lo Xjlm5 =77)

Jbtjajlmëéd +<
Hdrëm +9
Ydcrovjvåbijm +<
Oapmtjm -3
Ljssjau`mëéd +9
Mutdidbtrdò + 3
Diu`tjsad +?
Crjkm +9
Worsumséd +9

Wrosobëm +<
Xjkdr +3
Nmcj`jlmlos5
Nmcj`jlmlos boiossjtma lo pdbtds oa lotorajbmlds mtrjcutds pmrm
pdloroa sor rom`jzmlms.
Nmcj`jlmlos Wsáqujims5
Mpmkmr aoadrjms5 boiossjtm lo idbtmtd ljrotd ida d m`vd,
boiossírjd ? pdbtds oa Jbto`jkåbijm.
Bávojs o porádld lo aoadrjms mpmkmlms5
=- Aoadrjms lo mtê = ndrm mtrís

3- Aoadrjms lo mtê 3 ljms mtrís
9- Aoadrjms lo mtê = soambm mtrís
<- Aoadrjms lo mtê 3 soambms mtrís
?- Aoadrjms lo mtê = aås mtrís
8- Aoadrjms lo mtê =,? aosos mtrís
;- Aoadrjms lo mtê 3 aosos mtrís
>- Aoadrjms lo mtê 9 aosos mtrís
:- Aoadrjms lo mtê 9,? aosos mtrís
=7- M pmrtjr losto bávo` d toapd muaobtm oa 7,? aosos m
imlm bávo`.
@or pobsmaobtds5 ida d pmssmr lds bávojs m ljstãbijm boiossírjm

pmrm òr ds pobsmaobtds muaobtm krmlmtjvmaobto, bd bávo` = ê
boiossírjd bd aíxjad 9 aotrds lo ljstãbijm ld m`vd, boiossírjd 8
pdbtds oa rmijdiábjd. Ossm nmcj`jlmlo idbiolo c`dquojd imsd m
tobtoa òr m aobto ld õsumrjd
Bávojs o ljstãbijm aíxjam5
=- = aotrds
3- 9 aotrds
9- ? aotrds
<- ; aotrds
?- =7 aotrds
8- =3 aotrds
;- =? aotrds
>- =; aotrds
:- 37 aotrds
=7- M pmrtjr losto bávo` m ljstãbijm muaobtm oa = aotrd m
imlm bávo`.
Idbhuséd aobtm`5 idbhublo d m`vd mtjbkjbld, hmzobld ida quo d

aosad béd obtoblm d quo ostí midbtoiobld, boiossírjd < pdbtds oa
rmijdiábjd.
Ostmld imtmtübjid5 d m`vd mtjbkjld hjim pmrm`jsmld pdr 3 turbds,

boiossírjd ? pdbtds oa jbto`jkåbijm.

@dcdtdajm5 md sor tdimld d m`vd mtjbkjbld dcoloio m drlobs lmlms

lurmbto 3 ndrms, boiossírjd =7 pdbtds oa rmijdiábjd.
Iokuojrm5 md sor tdimld d m`vd mtjbkjbld hjim ida iokuojrm pdr

iorim lo 9 turbds, boiossírjd < pdbtds oa porsovormbëm.
Yurloz5 md sor tdimld d m`vd mtjbkjbld hjim surld pdr iorim lo 3

turbds, boiossírjd 9 pdbtds oa porsovormbëm.
Béd pdr tdrbm

bdtívo`5
possdms d jbljválud
iorim lo béd porioptávo`
= ndrm, boiossírjd oaoa
< pdbtds aojd m dutrms
porsovormbëm
C`dquomr pobsmaobtds5 japolo quo m aobto soem `jlm pdr dutrds,

boiossírjd 9 pdbtds oa porsovormbëm.
\oòfjbosjs5 Advor dceotds lo mtê ? quj`ds ida m aobto o
ljstãbijm aíxjam lo ; aotrds, boiossírjd 9 pdbtds oa
jbto`jkåbijm.
Hm`mr Ida Mbjamjs5 boiossírjd ? pdbtds oa rmijdiábjd.

Dcs5 Mblrdjlos béd pdloa usmr nmcj`jlmlos psáqujims.
Nmcj`jlmlos Hásjims5
Hdrëm sdcro-nuambm5 +=7 pdbtds lo mtmquo, imsd mtmquo soem
irátjid +37, boiossírjd ? pdbtds oa hdrëm.
Xo`dijlmlo5 porajto losvjmr lo mtmquos o vmbtmkoa oa ro`mëéd md

turbd lo mtmquo + ? lo lohosm, boiossírjd ? pdbtds oa lostrozm.
@ovjtmëéd5 porajto oòvmr d idrpd ld sd`d, m m`turm muaobtm

krmlmtjvmaobto lo midrld ida d bávo`, boiossírjd 8 pdbtds oa
vjkdr
Bávojs o M`turm/Xo`dijlmlo5
=- 7,? aotrds ld inéd

3- = aotrds ld inéd
9- =,? aotrds ld inéd
<- 3 aotrds ld inéd
?- 3,? aotrds ld inéd
8- < aotrds ld inéd
;- ? aotrds ld inéd
>- 8 aotrds ld inéd
:- ; aotrds ld inéd
=7- ;,? aotrds (M pmrtjr losto bávo` m m`turm ê
idbstmbto).
Aulmbëm lo Mpmråbijm5 porajto aulmr m mpmråbijm, boiossírjd 8

pdbtds oa lostrozm.
\oòpdrto5 amtorjm`jzmr-so oa dutrd `dim`, ljstãbijm aíxjam lo

=7 aotrds. Boiossírjd < pdbtds oa lostrozm.
Jadrtm`jlmlo5 soapro quo ds pdbtds lo vjlm inokmroa m 7, oòs

séd mutdamtjimaobto roiupormlds, pdroa tdlms ms mëÿos porloa =
pdbtd lurmbto 3< ndrms m imlm adrto, Oxoap`d5 3 adrtos ’ 3

pdbtds pmrm imlm mëéd, 9 adrtos ’ 9 pdbtds o mssja

suiossjvmaobto. NMCJ@JLMLO ÕBJIM, YO DC\JXOS O@M, BÉD YO WDLO
_YMS BOBN_AM D_\SM.
Nmcj`jlmlos Oòaobtmjs5
Mtobëéd5 sù ê porajtjld pdssujr nmcj`jlmlos oòaobtmjs lo =
õbjid oòaobtd.
@mbëmr Hdkd5 porajto `mbëmr prdeêtojs mtê uam ljstãbijm lo =7

aotrds, boiossírjd 9 pdbtds oa ambjpu`mëéd.
Idacustéd(hdkd)5 porajto jbiobljmr dceotds ida d qum` so obtrm

oa idbtmtd, boiossírjd ? pdbtds oa ambjpu`mëéd
@mbëmr Smjds5 porajto `mbëmr prdeêtojs mtê uam ljstãbijm lo =7

aotrds, boiossírjd 9 pdbtds oa ambjpu`mëéd.
Smjd ùajbdsd5 hojxo lo rmjd lo im`dr mtjbkjbld uam ljstãbijm lo

; aotrds, boiossírjd < pdbtds oa mutdidbtrdò.
Iuspjr Íijld5 `mbëmr `áqujld íijld m uam ljstãbijm lo > aotrds.

Imusmr jbiåbljd(hdkd/oòtrjijlmlo)5 boiossírjd idbtmtd ida d
dceotd, boiossírjd < pdbtds oa mutdidbtrdò.
Idaubjimëéd ida aíqujbms (aotm`)5 boiossírjd 9 pdbtds oa

prosobëm.
Aotm`fjbosjs5 advjaobtmëéd lo dceotds aotí`jids ida mtê =7 fk o

m uam ljstãbijm lo ? aotrds.
MSAMY
D sjstoam lo mrams ê ljvjld oa 8 tjpds ljhorobtos
\jpd Lmbd Wosd(fk) Wdbtds lo Mtrjcutd

@ãajbms =l<-=l8 7.9-=.? 9 oa crjkm
Sovd`vor =l> =.? < oa Mrams lo Hdkd
Aotrm`nmldrms =l=3 9.7 < oa Mramaobtd
Sjhòs =l37 <.7 ? oa Mramaobtd
Osidpotms =l37 9.7 ; oa Mrams lo Hdkd
Mramaobtd Wosmld 3l37 7.=-=7.7 : oa Mramaobtd
M\OBËÉD5 pmrm so usmr amjs lo uam mram, sdam-so ds pdbtds lo

imlm uam so usmroa ds aosads mtrjcutds, oxoap`d5 3 `ãajbms séd
boiossírjds 8 pdbtds oa crjkm, = rovd`vor o = aotrm`nmldrm séd
boiossírjds > pdbtds oa mram lo hdkd.

O]_JWMAOB\DY
Ds oqujpmaobtds séd ljvjljlds lo midrld ida m i`msso.
Oqujpmaobtd I`msso5 M + 37 oa lohosm. (mkuobtm 9 mtmquos

irátjids)
Oqujpmaobtd I`msso5 C + =? oa lohosm. (mkuobtm 3 mtmquos

irátjids)
Oqujpmaobtd I`msso5 I + =7 oa lohosm.
Oqujpmaobtd I`msso5 L + ? oa lohosm.
Oqujpmaobtd Wsáqujid I`msso5 C + ? oa lohosm psáqujim.
Oqujpmaobtd Wsáqujid I`msso5 M + =? oa lohosm psáqujim.
YJY\OAM LO @_\MY
Wmrm mtmquo ida `ãajbms usm-so =l37 + hdrëm + lmbd lms mrams.
Wmrm mtmquo ida mrams lo hdkd usm-so5 =l37 + lmbd lm mram.
Wmrm lohosm usm-so =l37 + Lostrozm (+ oqujpmaobtd so nduvor).
Wmrm mtmquo lo nmcj`jlmlos usm-so =l37 + mtrjcutds boiossírjds

pmrm m nmcj`jlmlo.
Wmrm lohosm lo nmcj`jlmlos psáqujims usm-so =l37 + Worsovormbëm

(+ oqujpmaobtd so nduvor).
Imsd m lohosm soem aobdr quo d mtmquo, d m`vd porlorí pdbtds lo

vjlm, imsd soem jkum` du amjdr d lmbd sorí bu`d.
Oxoap`d =5
uam irjmturm hmz ua mtmquo ljrotd md ua edkmldr.

Sosu`tmld L375 =?
Wdbtds oa hdrëm lm irjmturm5 ?
Mtmquo5 =? + ?1 37
Edkmldr so lohoblo
Sosu`tmld L375 =7
Wdbtds oa lostrozm ?
Lohosm5 =7 + ? 1 =?
Edkmldr porlo ? pdbtds lo vjlm.

Oxoap`d 35
_a edkmldr usm m nmcj`jlmlo ‐ostmld imtmtübjid‑ oa ua m`vd.
Sosu`tmld L375 =<
Wdbtds oa jbto`jkåbijm boiossírjds5 ?
Wdbtds oa jbto`jkåbijm ld edkmldr5 8
Sosu`tmld5 =< + 8 1 37
M`vd rd`m ua tosto lo lohosm psáqujim.
Sosu`tmld L375 =3
Wdbtds oa Worsovormbëm ld m`vd5 8
Lohosm5 =3 + 8 1 =>
Edkmldr idbsokuo usmr m nmcj`jlmlo.
Oxoap`d 95
Edkmldr M mtmim ida uam `ãajbm.

Sosu`tmld L375 =7
Lmbd lm `ãajbm5 =l8
Sosu`tmld L85 <
Wdbtds oa hdrëm5 <
Mtmquo5 =7 + < + < 1 =>
Edkmldr C mtmim ida ua rovù`vor.

Sosu`tmld L375 =8
Lmbd ld rovù`vor5 =l>
Sosu`tmld L>5 8
Mtmquo5 =8 + 8 1 33
JXOB\ÍSJD
D jbvobtírjd císjid idbsjsto oa = adinj`m = fjt lo prjaojrds
sdidrrds o = kmrrmhm lo íkum (Wosd tdtm`5 ? fk), imlm rmëm
pdssuj ua `jajto lo posd m sor imrrokmld (m`êa ld jbvobtírjd
císjid o ld oqujpmaobtd)5
Nuambds5 97 fk
Mblrdjlos5 =77 fk
Aoimnuambds5;7 fk
Losidbnoijlms5 =97 fk

XÁIJDY
Ds váijds jbhùobijma oa iortms mëÿos tdamlms po`ds edkmldros,
oxoap`d5 imsd d porsdbmkoa soem mìdù`mtrm o ostoem oa
mcstjbåbijm, mëÿos quo loambloa idbiobtrmëéd sdhroa porlm lo
pdbtds (m irjtêrjd ld aostro).
BÁXOJY AÍ^JADY
D bávo` aíxjad hdj idbsjlormld idad sobld5 mtjbkjr d `jajto
aíxjad lo =7 pdbtds(+cübus) oa tdlds ds mtrjcutds, pdrtmbtd imlm
rmëm pdssuj ua bávo` aíxjad ljhorobto.
Nuambds5 bávo` ;7
•
Mblrdjlos5 bávo` =7?

•
Aoimnuambds5 bávo` ><

•
Losidbnoijlms5 bávo` 3=7

•
XOÁI_@DY
Wmrm usmr voáiu`ds ê boiossírjd tor pdbtds oa idbluëéd.
Adtds5 = pdbtds
•
Imrrds5 3 pdbtds
•
Übjcus5 9 pdbtds
•
Imajbnÿos5 < pdbtds

•
Imrrotm5 ? pdbtds
•
\mbquos5 8 pdbtds
•
Cmrids5 ; pdbtds
•
No`jiùptords5 > pdbtds

•
Mvjÿos5 : pdbtds
•
Emtds5 =7 pdbtds
•
WSDADËÉD
D sjstoam lo prdadëéd ê ua kujm pmrm d aostro pmrm mvmbëmr bms
i`mssos lm hublmëéd, jssd pdlo sor hojtd ç sum ambojrm, ams
roidaoblmads5
Bõaord lo ajssÿos coa-suioljlms

•
Idbtobëéd lo YIWs lo m`td bávo`

•
Yucdrbd
•

Oxporjåbijm
Imlm rmëm boiossjtm lo vm`dros ljhorobtos lo oxporjobijm pmrm
mvmbëmroa lo bávo`, m imlm bdvd bávo` m qumbtjlmlo lo
oxporjobijm boiossírjm muaobtm oa 97%, OÔAW@D5 BÁXO@ =1=777^W
BÁXO@ 31=977, BÁXO@ 91=8:7 o mssja suiossjvmaobto.
SMËM BÁXO@ O^WOSJÅBIJM

BOIOYYÍSJM
N_AMBDY = =777^W
MBLSDJLOY = =?77^W
AOIMN_AMBDY = =377^W
LOYIDBNOIJLMY = 3777^W
BOIOYYÍSJM
N_AMBDY 3 =977^W
MBLSDJLOY 3 =:?7^W
AOIMN_AMBDY 3 =?87^W
LOYIDBNOIJLMY 3 3877^W
BOIOYYÍSJM
N_AMBDY 9 =8:7^W
MBLSDJLOY 9 3?9?^W
AOIMN_AMBDY 9 373>^W
LOYIDBNOIJLMY 9 99>7^W

HJINM CMYJIM LO WOSYDBMKOA

Bdao5TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
Bdao5TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
TTTTTTTTTT
Jlmlo5TTTTT
Smëm5TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
Krupd5TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT I`msso5TTTT
Krupd5TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
Xáijds5TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
Xáijds5TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
TTTTTTT
Mtrjcutds
WDLOS5 HÁYJIDY(-= so jboptd)5

• Jbto`jkåbijm5 • Mramaobtd5

• Hdrëm5 • Mram lo Hdkd5

• Wrosobëm5 • Crjkm5
• Idbluëéd5
SOHJBMAOB\D5 • Ljssjau`mëéd5
•
Smijdiábjd5 Ospdrtos5
•
Lostrozm5
•
• Hurtd5
• Ydcrovjvåbijm5
Ambjpu`mëéd5
•
SOYJY\ÅBIJM5 YDIJMJY(-= so jboptd)5

• Mstõijm5
Worsovormbëm5
•
• Oapmtjm5
Xjkdr5
•
• Oxprosséd5
Mutdidbtrdò
• Mutdidbtrdò55
• Jbtjajlmëéd5
AOB\MJY(-9 so jboptd)5 • Ambnm5
• Worsumséd5

• Ijåbijms5 • Ydijm`jzmëéd5

• Oruljëéd5 • \rmtd ida Mbjamjs5

• Jbhdraítjim5
Jbvostjkmëéd5
•

• Aoljijbm5
NMCJ@JLMLOY

• Diu`tjsad5 =TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT

• Dháijds5 3TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT

• Wd`átjim5 9TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
BJXO@5TTT JBXOB\ÍSJD
Xálm5TTT = adinj`m
= fjt lo prjaojrds sdidrrds
Oxp5TTTTT/TTTTT = kmrrmhm lo íkum
TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
Wosd5TTTT/TTTTT TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT

HJINM CÍYJIM YIWs

Buaormëéd5TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
Buaormëéd5TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
I`msso5TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
WDLOS5 HÁYJIDY(-= so jboptd)5

• Jbto`jkåbijm5 • Mramaobtd5

• Hdrëm5 • Mram lo Hdkd5

• Wrosobëm5 • Crjkm5
• Idbluëéd5
SOHJBMAOB\D5 • Ljssjau`mëéd5
Smijdiábjd5
•
• Ospdrtos5
Lostrozm5
•
• Hurtd5
Ambjpu`mëéd5
•
• Ydcrovjvåbijm5
SOYJY\ÅBIJM5 YDIJMJY(-= so jboptd)5

Worsovormbëm5
•
• Mstõijm5
Xjkdr5
•
• Oapmtjm5
•
• Oxprosséd5
Mutdidbtrdò
Mutdidbtrdò55 • Jbtjajlmëéd5
AOB\MJY(-9 so jboptd)5 • Ambnm5
• Worsumséd5
Ijåbijms5
•
• Ydijm`jzmëéd5
Oruljëéd5
•
• \rmtd ida Mbjamjs5
Jbhdraítjim5
•
Jbvostjkmëéd5
•
;;;; NMCJ@JLMLO
Aoljijbm5
•
Diu`tjsad5
•
I`msso5TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
Dháijds5
•
Wd`átjim5
•
\jpds5TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
TTTTTTTTTTTTT TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
TTTTT
TTTTT
TTTTT
XJLM5TTT Oxp5TTT TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
TTTTT
TTTTTTTTTTTTT TTTTTTTTTTTTTT
T

ISOLÅBIJMJY
Xjséd Korm`
Ms mutdrjzmëÿos lo sokurmbëm lm Hublmëéd idbioljlms md possdm`
roprosobtma d bávo` amjs m`td du d tjpd lo jbhdramëéd md qum`
pdloa miossmr. Idbtuld, tor qum`quor bávo` lo mutdrjzmëéd béd
kmrmbto mutdamtjimaobto miossd m tdlm jbhdramëéd ld aosad5
hubijdbírjds sù séd idbioljlds miossd ç jbhdramëéd oa uam cmso
lo "boiossjtm-lo-smcor" o md irjtêrjd ld losjkbmld rospdbsívo`
suporvjsdr lds rospotjvds lopmrtmaobtds.
• Bávo` 7 (Mpobms Wmrm _sd Dhjijm`)

Irolobijmjs lo sokurmbëm Bávo` 7 séd lmlms m hubijdbírjds
•
béd-ossobijmjs soa boiossjlmlo lo miossmr jbhdramëéd

obvd`vobld dceotds du obtjlmlos mbüam`ms oa idbtobëéd lm
Hublmëéd. Miossd Bávo` 7 ê tjpjimaobto ambtjld pdr
hubijdbírjds oa pdsjëÿos mlajbjstrmtjvms, `dkástjims du lo
zo`mldrjm oa jbstm`mëÿos soa miossd m lmlds dpormijdbmjs.
• Bávo` = (Idbhjlobijm`)
Irolobijmjs lo sokurmbëm Bávo` = séd lmlms m hubijdbírjds
•
ida prdxjajlmlo, ams soa bobnua miossd ljrotd du jbljrotd

m jbhdramëÿos sdcro ds dceotds du obtjlmlos mbüam`ms oa
idbtobëéd bm Hublmëéd. Irolobijmjs lo sokurmbëm Bávo` =
séd tjpjimaobto lmlms m hubijdbírjds trmcm`nmbld oa
pdsjëÿos mlajbjstrmtjvms, `dkástjims du lo zo`mldrjm oa
jbstm`mëÿos ida impmijlmlo lo idbtobëéd du quo lo dutrm
hdram proijsoa `jlmr ida jbhdramëÿos sobsávojs.
• Bávo` 3 (Sostrjtd)
Irolobijmjs lo sokurmbëm bávo` 3 séd lmlms m hubijdbírjds
•
lo sokurmbëm o posqujsm quo boiossjtma lo miossd ljrotd m

jbhdramëÿos obvd`vobld dceotds o obtjlmlos mbüam`ms oa
idbtobëéd. M amjdrjm lms oqujpos lo posqujsm, mkobtos lo
imapd o ospoijm`jstms lo idbtobëéd pdssuoa uam irolobijm`
lo sokurmbëm Bávo` 3.

• Bávo` 9 (Yoirotd)
Irolobijmjs lo sokurmbëm Bávo` 9 séd lmlms m hubijdbírjds
•
lo sokurmbëm o posqujsm såbjdr quo boiossjtma lo lmlds

mprdhublmlds sdcro m hdbto, ijriubstãbijms lo roiupormëéd
o p`mboemaobtd m `dbkd prmzd pmrm dceotds o obtjlmlos
mbüam`ms oa idbtobëéd. M amjdrjm lds aoacrds såbjdr lo
oqujpos lo posqujsm, korobtos lo prdeotd, dhjijmjs lo
sokurmbëm, aoacrds lo tjaos lo rospdstm o dpormtjvds lo
Krupds-lo-Mëéd Aùvojs pdssuoa uam irolobijm` lo sokurmbëm
Bávo` 9.
• Bávo` < (_`trmssoirotd)

Irolobijmjs lo sokurmbëm Bávo` < séd lmlms m
•
mlajbjstrmldros såbjdr quo boiossjtma lo miossd m

jbhdramëÿos lo írom-idapòtm o/du rokjdbm`, mssja idad
lmlds ostrmtêkjids m `dbkd-prmzd obvd`vobld dpormëÿos o
prdeotds lo posqujsm lm Hublmëéd. Irolobijmjs lo sokurmbëm
Bávo` < tjpjimaobto sù séd pdssuálms pdr Ljrotdros lo
Yátjd/Írom, Ljrotdros lo Yokurmbëm du Idamblmbtos lo
Hdrëms-\mrohm Aùvojs.
• Bávo` ? (\nmuajo`)
Mutdrjzmëéd lo sokurmbëm Bávo` ? séd lmlms mds
•
hubijdbírjds mlajbjstrmtjvds lms amjs m`tms pdsjëÿos bm

Hublmëéd, o kmrmbto ohotjvmaobto lmlds j`jajtmlds pmrm
tdlds ds lmlds ostrmtêkjids du lo m`kuam hdram sobsávo`.
Mutdrjzmëÿos lo sokurmbëm Bávo` ? séd tjpjimaobto lmlms
mpobms mds aoacrds ld Idbso`nd D? o hubijdbírjds
soòijdbmlds.
I`mssjhjimëéd lo Hubijdbírjds
I`mssjhjimëÿos séd mtrjcuálms m hubijdbírjds cmsombld-so bm sum
prdxjajlmlo m dceotds, obtjlmlos du hobüaobds mbüam`ds
pdtobijmàobto porjkdsds.
• I`msso M
Hubijdbírjds I`msso M séd ds ljtds ossobijmjs pmrm ms
•
dpormëÿos ostrmtêkjims lm Hublmëéd o béd séd porajtjlds m

tor miossd ljrotd m mbdam`jms sdc qum`quor ijriubstãbijm.
Oa ijriubstãbijms quo oxjkoa quo hubijdbírjds lo I`msso M
hjquoa oa prdxjajlmlo ljrotm lo mbdam`jms (idad ê d imsd
lo jbstm`mëÿos m`dembld ubjlmlos lo idbtobëéd),

hubijdbírjds lo I`msso M béd séd porajtjlds m tor miossd

çs íroms lm jbstm`mëéd idbtobld tmjs mbdam`jms o lovoa sor
ambtjlds oa íroms sokurms m tdld jbstmbto. Bd imsd lo uam
oaorkåbijm, hubijdbírjds lo I`msso M lovoa sor
jaoljmtmaobto ovmiumlds pmrm uam `dim`jzmëéd losjkbmlm o
sokurm hdrm lm írom. Aoacrds ld Idbso`nd D? séd soapro
hubijdbírjds I`msso M.
• I`msso C
Hubijdbírjds I`msso C séd ds ljtds ossobijmjs pmrm
•
dpormëÿos `dimjs lm Hublmëéd, o pdlo sor idbioljld miossd

mpobms mds dceotds, obtjlmlos o mbdam`jms quo pmssmrma pdr
qumrobtobm o hdrma `japms lo qumjsquor pdssjcj`jlmlos lo
ohojtds idad idbtrdò lo aobtos du mkobtos aoaêtjids. Oa
sjtumëéd lo croinm lo idbtobëéd du mëÿos ndstjs idbtrm uam
jbstm`mëéd lm Hublmëéd, hubijdbírjds lo I`msso C lovoa sor
ovmiumlds pmrm uam `dim`jzmëéd losjkbmlm, sokurm o hdrm lm
írom d amjs rípjld pdssávo`.
• I`msso I
Hubijdbírjds I`msso I séd hubijdbírjds ida miossd ljrotd ç
•
amjdrjm lms mbdam`jms ostrjtmaobto lotorajbmlms idad béd-

ndstjs du porjkdsms. Hubijdbírjds I`msso I quo tjvorma
idbtmtd ljrotd ida prdprjolmlos lo idbtrdò lo aobtos du
aoaêtjims lovoa sor sucaotjlds m qumrobtobm amblmtùrjm o
mvm`jmëéd psjid`ùkjim idad ljtd boiossírjd po`ds
hubijdbírjds lo sokurmbëm. Oa sjtumëéd lo croinm lo
idbtobëéd du mëéd ndstj` idbtrm uam jbstm`mëéd lm
Hublmëéd, hubijdbírjds béd-idacmtobtos I`msso I tåa du lo
jbhdramr d midbtoijaobtd pmrm prdtokor ms íroms lo
c`dquojd
sokurmbëmdu
lmovmiumr m irjtêrjd
írom, oa lds hubijdbírjds
imsd lo croinm lo du
oa tdlm m írom
dutrd ovobtd imtmstrùhjid.
• I`msso L
Hubijdbírjds I`msso L séd hubijdbírjds losimrtívojs usmlds
•
pmrm `jlmr ida mbdam`jms oxtroamaobto mrrjsimlms o béd séd

porajtjlds m obtrmr oa idbtmitd ida hubijdbírjds I`msso M
du I`msso C. Hubijdbírjds I`msso L séd tjpjimaobto
roirutmlds lo prjsÿos lo tdld d aubld sobld quo séd
roiùsds prosds pdr irjaos vjdòbtds, ospoijmàobto ds quo
ostéd idblobmlds ida pobm lo adrto. Oa toapds lo
ljhjiu`lmlo, Wrdtdid`d =3 pdlo sor loirotmld, quo mutdrjzm
roirutmaobtd lo dutrms hdbtos ’ idad prjsjdbojrds

pd`átjids, pdpu`mëÿos rohukjmlms o dutrms hdbtos ijvjs ’

quo pdloa sor trmbshorjlms pmrm m iustùljm lm Hublmëéd sdc
ijriubstãbijms p`musjvoàobto losidbhjívojs. Hubijdbírjds
I`msso L lovoa sor sucaotjlds m mvm`jmëÿos psjid`ùkjims
amblmtùrjms, o lovoa sor mlajbjstrmlds ua mabêsjid lo
I`msso C bd aábjad, du rosijbljlds bd hja lo imlm aås m
irjtêrjd lds hubijdbírjds lo sokurmbëm du aêljids bm írom.
Bd imsd lo ua ovobtd imtmstrùhjid bm írom, hubijdbírjds
I`msso L lovoa sor oxtorajbmlds jaoljmtmaobto, oxiotd soem
idbsjlormld boiossírjd po`d possdm` lo sokurmbëm ld `dim`.
• I`msso O
I`msso O ê uam i`mssjhjimëéd prdvjsùrjm, mp`jimlm pmrm
•
mkobtos lo imapd o hubijdbírjds lo idbtobëéd quo hdrma

oxpdstds m ohojtds pdtobijmàobto porjkdsds, lurmbto d
prdkrossd lo mssokurmr o ostmcoòior idbtobëéd jbjijm` sdc
ua dceotd, obtjlmlo du hobüaobd roiêa-losjkbmld.
Hubijdbírjds I`msso O lovoa sor pdstds oa qumrobtobm mssja
quo pdssávo` o sù pdloa rotdrbmr ms sums hubëÿos mpùs
soroa jbtorrdkmlds o `jcormlds pdr hubijdbírjds
psjqujítrjids o aêljids.
\átu`ds lo Hubijdbírjds
Ostos séd ds tátu`ds diupmijdbmjs pmlrÿos, quo séd tjpjimaobto
usmlds bm Hublmëéd.
Hubijdbírjds lo Írom
Ospoijm`jstms lo Idbtobëéd
Ospoijm`jstms
jbstm`mëÿos lmlo idbtobëéd
Hublmëéd. tåa ldjs pmpêjs
Wrjaojrmaobto, prjbijpmjs
tjaos bms séd
lo idbtobëéd
inmamlds pmrm rospdblor m imsds idbhjramlds lo mtjvjlmlo mbüam`m
pmrm mssokurmr o ostmcoòior idbtobëéd jbjijm` sdc dceotds,
obtjlmlos du hobüaobds mbüam`ds, o trmbspdrtí-`ds pmrm d `dim`
lo idbtobëéd lm Hublmëéd amjs prùxjad.
Oa mljëéd, obkobnojrds o têibjids lo idbtobëéd lm Hublmëéd séd

inmamlds pmrm o`mcdrmr, rohjbmr o ambtor ubjlmlos o osquoams lo
idbtobëéd pmrm dceotds, obtjlmlos o hobüaobds bms jbstm`mëÿos lm
Hublmëéd.

Wosqujsmldros
Wosqujsmldros séd d rmad ijobtáhjid lm Hublmëéd, soòijdbmlds
lms pdsjëÿos lds ijobtjstms lo posqujsm amjs jbto`jkobtos o amjs
coa trojbmlds po`d aubld. Ida ospoijm`jstms oa tdlds ds imapds
jamkjbívojs, lo quáajim o cdtãbjim m imapds amjs osdtêrjids du
ospoijm`jzmlds, tmjs idad hásjim toùrjim o xobdcjd`dkjm, d
dceotjvd lds prdeotds lo posqujsm lm Hublmëéd ê kmbnmr uam amjdr
idaproobséd lo mbdam`jms jboxp`jiívojs o idad o`ms dporma.
Dhjijmjs lo Yokurmbëm
Dhjijmjs lo sokurmbëm lm írom ’ kormàobto rohorjlds
sjapòsaobto idad "kumrlms" “
bms jbstm`mëÿos lm Hublmëéd séd
bms
obimrrokmlds lo prdtokor m sokurmbëm hásjim o jbhdramëÿos lo
prdeotds, dpormëÿos o hubijdbírjds lm Hublmëéd. Wrjamrjmaobto
soòijdbmlds o roirutmlds lm hdrëm aj`jtmr, dhjijmjs lm òj o
hubijdbírjds lo jbstjtujëÿos idrroijdbmjs, hubijdbírjds lo
sokurmbëm séd trojbmlds bd usd lo tdld tjpd lo mrams, mssja idad
uam vmrjolmlo lo p`mbds lo idbtjbkåbijm, idcrjbld tmbtd
jbijlobtos lo croinm lo idbtobëéd idad mëÿos ndstjs. Ostos
hubijdbírjds tmacêa
jbhdramëéd, tm` idadséd rospdbsívojs
mssokurmr pdr sokurmbëm
quo ldiuaobtds lo
sobsávojs béd séd
am` id`dimlds o quo ds sjstoams lo idaputmldr lo uam jbstm`mëéd
séd sokurds lo jbtrusÿos oxtorbms. Oòs tmacêa séd
hroquobtoaobto m prjaojrm `jbnm lo lohosm idbtrm hdrëms oxtorbms
ndstjs çs jbstm`mëÿos lm Hublmëéd.
Dhjijm` lo Sospdstm \ítjim

\jaos lo rospdstm ’ du tjaos títjids ’ séd tjaos lo idacmto
m`tmaobto trojbmlds o m`tmaobto mramlds, obimrrokmlds lo
osid`tmr tjaos lo idbtobëéd qumbld obtjlmlos mbüam`ms du Krupds
lo Jbtorosso ndstjs séd obvd`vjlds o lo lohoblor ms jbstm`mëÿos
lm Hublmëéd idbtrm mëÿos ndstjs. \jaos lo rospdstm séd ubjlmlos
aj`jtmros ohotjvmaobto id`dimlms bms prjbijpmjs jbstm`mëÿos lm
Hublmëéd quo ostéd prdbtms pmrm soroa `jcormlds m qum`quor
adaobtd.
Hubijdbírjds lo Imapd
Mkobto lo Imapd
Mkobtos lo imapd séd ds d`nds o duvjlds lm Hublmëéd,
hubijdbírjds trojbmlds pmrm d`nmr o jbvostjkmr sjbmjs lo
mtjvjlmlo mbüam`m, hroquobtoaobto ljshmrëmlds idad hdrëms lm òj
`dimjs du rokjdbmjs du obvd`vjlds oa sorvjëds `dimjs tmjs idad
sorvjëds lo oaorkåbijm aêljim o drkmbjzmëÿos roku`mtùrjms. Idad
ubjlmlos ljshmrëmlms, mkobtos lo imapd tjpjimaobto béd séd mptds
m `jlmr ida imsds idbhjramlds lo mtjvjlmlo mbüam`m6 mssja quo

tm` jbijlobto hdr idbhjramld o jsd`mld, mkobtos lo imapd

tjpjimaobto véd inmamr mssjståbijm ld tjao lo idbtobëéd lo imapd
amjs prùxjad ida ds aojds lo mssokurmr o idbtor tmjs mbdam`jms.
Dpormtjvds lo Hdrëms-\mrohm Aùvojs

Hdrëms-\mrohm Aùvojs séd ubjlmlos ospoijm`jzmlms idapdstms pdr
hubijdbírjds lo imapd votormbds soòijdbmlds pdr tdlm m
Hublmëéd. Ostos krupds-lo-mëéd séd adcj`jzmlds pmrm `jlmr ida
maomëms lo uam bmturozm ospoiáhjim o pdloa jbiùjr lo tuld loslo
posqujsmldros lo imapd ospoijm`jzmlds oa ua tjpd pmrtjiu`mr lo
mbdam`jm mtê ubjlmlos m`tmaobto mramlms obimrrokmlms lo
mssokurmr iortds tjpds lo obtjlmlos mbüam`ms ndstjs. Xoem m
ldiuaobtmëéd lo Hdrëms-\mrohm pmrm amjs jbhdramëÿos lotm`nmlms.
Mlajbjstrmëéd
Ljrotdr(m) lo Írom
Ljrotdros lo írom lms prjbijpmjs jbstm`mëÿos lm Hublmëéd séd ds
hubijdbírjds
po`m dpormëédlo amjs m`tm
idbtábum pdsjëéd
o sokurm lmlm sumoírom
írom o sédms
lo tdlms rospdbsívojs
sums
mbdam`jms o prdeotds idbtjlds. \dlds ds prjbijpmjs ljrotdros lo
lopmrtmaobtd ro`mtma ljrotmaobto pmrm d(m) Ljrotdr(m) lm Írom,
quo oa tdrbd ro`mtm pmrm d Idbso`nd D?.
Aoacrds ld Idbso`nd D?
D Idbso`nd D? rohoro-so md idajtå idbsjstobto lds ljrotdros lo
pdsjëéd amjs m`tm lm Hublmëéd. Ida miossd idapòtd m tdlm
jbhdramëéd obvd`vobld mbdam`jms oa idbtobëéd, d Idbso`nd D?
suporvjsjdbm tdlms ms dpormëÿos lm Hublmëéd po`d aubld o ljrjko
sous p`mbds ostrmtêkjids m `dbkd-prmzd. Lovjld ç sobsjcj`jlmlo
lo sums pdsjëÿos
idbtmtd aoacrds
ljrotd ida ld Idbso`nd
qum`quor D? béd pdloa
dceotd, obtjlmlo obtrmr oa
du hobüaobd
mbüam`d. M`êa ljssd, ms jlobtjlmlos lo tdlds ds aoacrds ld
Idbso`nd D? séd i`mssjhjimlms6 tdlds ds aoacrds ld idbso`nd séd
rohorjlds mpobms po`ms sums losjkbmëÿos buaêrjims (D?-= mtê D?-
=9).
I`mssos lo Dceotd
\dlds ds dceotds, obtjlmlos o hobüaobds mbüam`ds boiossjtmbld lo
Wrdioljaobtds Ospoijmjs lo Idbtobëéd séd losjkbmlds idad uam
I`msso lo Dceotd. _am I`msso lo Dceotd ê pmrto ld adlo`d pmlréd
lo YIWs, o sorvo idad ua jbljimldr crutd ld quéd ljháij` ua
dceotd ê lo sor idbtjld. Bd ubjvorsd, I`mssos lo Dceotds séd
lostjbmlms m jlobtjhjimr boiossjlmlos lo idbtobëéd, prjdrjlmlo
lo posqujsm, drëmaobtd o dutrms idbsjlormëÿos. M I`msso ld

Dceotd lo ua YIW ê lotorajbmlm pdr vírjds hmtdro, sobld ds amjs

japdrtmbtos m ljhjiu`lmlo o d prdpùsjtd lo sum idbtobëéd.
• Yokurd
Dceotds lm i`msso Yokurd séd mbdam`jms quo séd hmijàobto
•
o sokurmaobto idbtjlms. Jssd kormàobto lovo-so md hmtd lo

quo m Hublmëéd posqujsdu d YIW coa d suhjijobto lo adld m
quo idbtobëéd béd oxjem roiursds sjkbjhjimtjvds du quo ms
mbdam`jms boiossjtma lo uam mtjvmëéd du mijdbmaobtd
ospoiáhjid o idbsijobto. Bd obtmbtd, i`mssjhjimr ua YIW
idad Yokurd béd sjkbjhjim quo ambusoí-`d du mtjví-`d béd
mprosobto uam maomëm.
• Oui`álod
Dceotds lo i`msso Oui`álod séd mbdam`jms quo oxjkoa amjs
•
roiursds pmrm soroa idbtjlms idapòtmaobto du quo m

idbtobëéd boa soapro ê hjívo`. Kormàobto ê pdrquo d YIW ê
jbsuhjijobtoaobto obtobljld du hublmaobtmàobto
japrovjsávo`. Oui`álod ê m I`msso ld Dceotd ida m amjdr
oxtobséd, o kormàobto ê ua cda pm`pjto quo ua YIW sorí
lostm i`msso so béd so obimjxmr hmijàobto oa bobnuam lms
dutrms I`mssos lo Dceotd pmlrÿos. Oa pmrtjiu`mr, qum`quor
mbdam`jm quo oxjco mutdbdajm, sobijåbijm o/du smpjåbijm
kormàobto ê i`mssjhjimlm idad obtjlmlo lo i`msso-
Oui`álod, bd aábjad, lovjld ç japrovjsjcj`jlmlo
hublmaobtm` lo ua dceotd quo pdlo mkjr du pobsmr pdr sj
aosad.

• Fotor
Dceotds lo i`msso Fotor séd mbdam`jms quo séd
•
oxiossjvmaobto ljháiojs lo soroa idbtjlms idbsjstobtoaobto

du lo hdram idbhjívo`, ida prdioljaobtds lo idbtobëéd
hroquobtoaobto oxtobsjvds o idapòxds. M Hublmëéd
hroquobtoaobto béd idbsokuo idbtor coa ostos YIWs lovjld m
béd pdssujr ua obtobljaobtd sù`jld lms mbdam`jms, du
lovjld ç hm`tm lo toibd`dkjm pmrm prdprjmaobto idbtå-`m du
idacmtå-`m. _a YIW Fotor béd sjkbjhjim quo d YIW ê
porjkdsd, mpobms quo oò ê aujtd ljháij` du ljspobljdsd lo
idbtor.
• \nmuajo`
Dceotds lo i`msso \nmuajo` séd mbdam`jms quo m Hublmëéd
•
usm pmrm idbtor du idbtrm-mtmimr dutrds YIWs du hobüaobds

mbüam`ds. Mtê m prùprjm oxjståbijm lo dceotds i`msso-
\nmuajo` ê i`mssjhjimlm pmrm ds amjs m`tds bávojs lm
Hublmëéd, o sums `dim`jzmëÿos, hubëÿos o stmtus mtumjs séd
idbnoijlds pdr pduids hubijdbírjds lm Hublmëéd tjrmbld d
Idbso`nd D?.

•
Boutrm`jzmld
Mbdam`jms boutrm`jzmlms séd ms quo béd séd amjs mbüam`ms,
•
du pdr soroa jbtobijdbmàobto du mijlobtmàobto lostruálms

o losmcj`jtmlms.
KS_WDY LO JB\OSOYYO
M Hublmëéd béd ê m õbjim drkmbjzmëéd oxjstobto ida jbtorossos,
jbvostjaobtds o quo jbtormko ida d iobírjd mbüam`d o sous oòaobtds
pmrmbmturmjs. Oxjstoa vírjds
vírjds dutrds krupds quo pdssuoa, usma,
jbtormkoa, o losobvd`voa pmrmtoibd`dkjm lo hdram prd`áhjim.
M Yuporjbtoblåbijm Crmsjòjrm ld
ld
Wmrmbdram`
~ YCW ~
Ytmtus5 Losmtjvmld.
Losirjëéd5 M Yuporjbtoblåbijm Crmsjòjrm ld Wmrmbdram` orm ua

ùrkéd kdvorbmaobtm` lo jbto`jkåbijm aj`jtmr hublmld lurmbto d
Kdvorbd Aj`jtmr Crmsjòjrd, o oxtjbtd oa =::3 lovjld m ua
jbijlobto6 sous mtjvds o pmssjvds sobld trmbshorjlds ç Hublmëéd
@usùhdbm mpùs lêimlms lo idbh`jtd vo`mld obtro macms ms
drkmbjzmëÿos.
Lurmbto osto porádld ld kdvorbd crmsjòjrd, m Yuporjbtoblåbijm

mkju bd Crmsj` idad m prjbijpm` jbstjtujëéd mssdijmlm md amird
jbtormijdbm` ld mbüam`d oa lotrjaobtd ç Hublmëéd (o dutrds
krupds lo jbtorosso) pdr aojd lo ambdcrms pd`átjims o aj`jtmros
pmrm nokoadbjzmr sum prosobëm bd torrjtùrjd.
M Yuporjbtoblåbijm ostulmvm, idbtjm, lostruám, losobvd`vjm o

prdluzjm mbdam`jms ida krmblo obhdquo bd losobvd`vjaobtd
toibd`ùkjid crmsjòjrd (prjbijpmàobto lo jblõstrjm o aj`jtmr)
obqumbtd sucaotjlm ç mlajbjstrmëéd ld Ajbjstrd lm Lohosm o ld
Wrosjlobto lm Sopõc`jim o m rojtdrjm ld m`td-osim`éd aj`jtmr
crmsjòjrd.

M Yuporjbtoblåbijm ê ua sokrold lo ostmld adr. Wduims

drkmbjzmëÿos o jbljváluds pdssuoa rokjstrds lo sum oxjståbijm.
\jpd5 Ijobtáhjid-Aj`jtmr6 \oibdirítjid.
Drkmbjzmëéd5 _a Yuporjbtoblobto mpdbtmld po`d Wrosjlobto lm

Sopõc`jim o d Ajbjstrd lm Lohosm korobijmvm ms dpormëÿos
mlajbjstrmtjvms lm drkmbjzmëéd, lohjbjbld ljrotdros lo
lopmrtmaobtd pmrm mlajbjstrmëéd lo ijåbijms. Ostos ljrotdros
lopmrtmaobtmjs iddrlobmvma krupds lo ijobtjstms oa prdeotds o
posqujsms.
Krupds pdssuáma ua `álor lo prdeotd quo ropdrtmvm ljrotmaobto

mds ljrotdros lopmrtmaobtmjs. Ms posqujsms rom`jzmlms orma
idajssjdbmlms po`ds kdvorbmbtos/aj`jtmros roòvmbtos, du
pòjtomlms po`ds prùprjds ijobtjstms.
_a Idamblmbto orm mpdbtmld po`d m`td osim`éd lms hdrëms mramlms,

korobijmbld ds mtjvds o pmssjvds aj`jtmros lm drkmbjzmëéd oa
dpormëÿos6 m ostruturm aj`jtmr crmsjòjrm lm êpdim o sums
oòaobtmrjlmlos orma ambtjlms o iddrlobmlms mtjvmaobto.
Mtjtulo oa ro`mëéd ç Hublmëéd5 Ndstj`.
M Mimlåajim Ijobtáhjim ld Mbüam`d

~ MIM ~
Ytmtus5 Losmtjvmld.
Losirjëéd5 M Mimloajm Ijobtáhjim ld Mbüam`d orm ua ùrkéd

mimlåajid jblopoblobto lo posqujsms ijobtáhjims mssdijmlms md
iobírjd ld mbüam`d oa torrjtùrjds kdvorbmlds pdr, du lo
jbtorosso lo Wdrtukm`.
M oxjståbijm lm Mimloajm ê iobtobírjm, idaproobljlm pdr suiolor

ldjs dutrds ùrkéds pdrtukuosos jbsorjlds bd iobírjd mbüam`d (uam
jbstjtujëéd ro`mijdbmlm ç Idrdm Wdrtukuosm o dutrm mssdijmlm md
Ostmld Bdvd lo Ym`mzmr) o, ida m _bjvorsjlmlo lo Êvdrm, sobld
roostruturmlm ljvorsms vozos md `dbkd lds mbds.
M Mimloajm ê uam jbstjtujëéd mimlåajim pùrjljsijp`jbmr

(obk`dcmbld d mbüam`d o d drljbírjd oa ldjs amirds ljhorobtos,
rohorobtos ç sum mtumëéd bdajbm` iávjim o m sum mtumëéd bd
iobírjd mbüam`d, rospoitjvmaobto), mssuajbld d pmpo` lo uam
ubjvorsjlmlo oa macds ds idbtoxtds o oa hubijdbmaobtd korm`. M
Mimloajm losobvd`vo idbnoijaobtd o toibd`dkjm.
Oa =::3, tdrbdu-so pmrto lm Hublmëéd @usùhdbm.

\jpd5 Ijobtáhjid-Oluimtjvd6 \oibdirítjid.

Drkmbjzmëéd5 _a idbso`nd lo ljrotdros drkmbjzmvm ms dpormëÿos,

mpdbtmbld ua rojtdr pmrm prosjljr o mlajbjstrmr m ubjvorsjlmlo.
Wrdhossdros orma mpdbtmlds idad ljrotdros lopmrtmaobtmjs,
drkmbjzmbld sums oqujpos lo posqujsms o hubijdbírjds.
Ms drkmbjzmëÿos njorírqujims o lo hubijdbm`jlmlo kormjs

ospo`nmvma ds adlo`ds lo ubjvorsjlmlos pdrtukuosms.
Mtjtulo oa ro`mëéd ç Hublmëéd5 Majkívo`.
Ds \oibdtmuamturkds
~ D\A ~
Ytmtus5 Mtjvd.
Losirjëéd5 Ds \oibdtmuamturkds séd uam sdijolmlo lo jbljváluds

quo utj`jzma tmuamturkjm idbeubtmaobto ç japòaobtds lo
toibd`dkjm mssdijmlm çs adlm`jlmlos lo obkobnmrjm pmrm m irjmëéd
lo pmrmtoibd`dkjm. M toibd`dkjm irjmlm béd ê mcortm md põc`jid,
protorávo` o lostjbmlm mpobms mds aoacrds lostm sdijolmlo.
Ní jbláijds o quo Ds \oibdtmuamturkds oxjstma loslo m Wrjaojrm

Sovdùëéd Jblustrjm`.
\jpd5 Ijobtáhjid-Jblustrjm`. \oibdirítjid.
Drkmbjzmëéd5 _a idbso`nd korm` suporjbtoblobto jbljim ua Ljrotdr

lo Dpormëÿos pmrm korobijmr ms mtjvjlmlos lm drkmbjzmëéd quo,
pdr sum voz, jbljim Korobtos lo Dpormëÿos ospoiáhjims. Bd
obtmbtd, aoacrds pdssuoa map`m mutdbdajm.
Mtjtulo oa ro`mëéd ç Hublmëéd5 Majkívo`. Ds \oibdtmuamturkds eí

trmcm`nmrma ida m Hublmëéd bd pmssmld.
M Drloa lm \drro o ld Xm`dr

~ MD\X ~
Ytmtus5 Mtjvd.
Losirjëéd5 M Drloa lm \drro o ld Xm`dr ê uam drkmbjzmëéd lo

iubnd mimlåajid-aj`jtmr quo cusim mamssmr uam kumrbjëéd lo
ro`áqujms ro`mijdbmlms çs iu`turms ro`jkjdsms, tmbtd lo
tod`dkjms bmturmjs qumbtd lms mbüam`ms.
Yum ostruturm pd`átjim, sdijm` o iu`turm` pdssuj rmázos

njstùrjims bms Drlobs \oap`írjms Wdrtukuosms.

_a oòaobtd jljdssjbirítjid lm drkmbjzmëéd ê d Iùljkd lms \rås

Xjrtulos5 Sospojtd, \obmijlmlo o Idapmjxéd, jbtrjbsjimaobto
ro`mijdbmld md ostj`d lo vjlm o ms nmcj`jlmlos tmuamtõrkjims
aobdros ro`mijdbmlms md usd lo uam sucstãbijm mbüam`m lobdajbmlm
"Xm`dr".
Ds jbtokrmbtos lm drkmbjzmëéd séd vmrjmlds6 mimlåajids,

aj`jtmros, hj`mbtrdpds, pd`átjids, obtro dutrds, bd obtmbtd,
qum`jlmlo ê prozmlm oa lotrjaobtd lm qumbtjlmlo.
\jpd5 Aj`jtmr. Aorjtdirítjim.
Drkmbjzmëéd5 _a Kréd-Aostro o ua Inmbioòr oòjtds pdr ua

Idbso`nd lo Idaoblmldros6 ostos pdloros rom`jzma m suporvjséd
lms dpormëÿos lm drkmbjzmëéd. Aoacrds orma prdadvjlds oa krmus o
rmbquos, lohjbjbld sous pdloros njorírqujids o hubëÿos.
Mtjtulo oa ro`mëéd ç Hublmëéd5 Boutrm.
D So`jiírjd
~ DS ~
Ytmtus5 Mtjvd.
Losirjëéd5 D So`jiírjd ê uam drkmbjzmëéd pmrmaj`jtmr quo idòtm

dceotds mbüam`ds m hja lo utj`jzí-`ds oa hubëéd lo oxpmbljr m
jbhùåbijm oidbüajim lo sous aoacrds pdr aojd ld vm`dr mkrokmld
lostos dceotds o sous pdssávojs usds. Yupÿo-so quo ostoem
obvd`vjlm ida d irjao m`tmaobto drkmbjzmld.
\jpd5 Jblotorajbmld6 mssdijmëÿos obvd`voa aorjtdirmijm o

pùtdirmijm.
Drkmbjzmëéd5 Losidbnoijlm.
Mtjtulo oa ro`mëéd ç Hublmëéd5 Ndstj`.
D Iùco lo Imëm lm Hmubm o H`drm

~ IIHH ~
Ytmtus5 Mtjvd.
Losirjëéd5 D Iùco lo Imëm lm Hmubm o H`drm ê uam mssdijmëéd lo

jbljváluds mhùobtos o jbhùobtos quo cusima d obtrotobjaobtd
pdr aojd lm imëm ospdrtjvm lo dceotds mbüam`ds cjd`ùkjids quo
mprosobtoa nmcj`jlmlos poiu`jmros o/du porjiu`dsms.

Aoacrds losto krupd pdssuoa miossd m pmrmtoibd`dkjm aj`jtmr,

pdrêa béd idbstjtuoa pdlorjd cê`jid lo m`td bávo`.
Yéd jbjajkds loi`mrmlds ld So`jiírjd.
\jpd5 Jblotorajbmld.
Drkmbjzmëéd5 Mssdijmëéd sjaj`mr ç uam Kuj`lm, ida ua Aostro lo

Imëm oòjtd o Mssdijmlds. Aorjtdirmijm.
Mtjtulo oa ro`mëéd ç Hublmëéd5 Boutrm. M Hublmëéd o m eí

eí
IIHH
trmcm`nmrma eubtms bd pmssmld. Mposmr lms ljhorobëms
jlod`ùkjims, m IIHH
bubim jbtorrdapou du so adstrdu ndstj` m
bubim
dpormëÿos dhjijmjs lm Hublmëéd @usùhdbm.
D`nds Mbübjads, @tlm

~ DM ~
Ytmtus5 Mtjvd.
Losirjëéd5 D`nds Mbübjads ê uam oaprosm prjvmlm o soirotm lo

ospjdbmkoa ospoijm`jzmlm bm idòtm lo jbhdramëÿos ljrotmaobto
`jkmlms m mbdam`jms. Yous dceotjvds séd sdaobto m mqujsjëéd o
voblm lo lmlds pmrm sou idbtrmtmbto, idad ro`mtùrjds,
ldiuaobtds, irolobijmjs, sdhtwmros, p`mbtms lo oljháijds, obtro
dutrds. M oaprosm vjsm mpobms d ùird, sobld d proëd po`ds
sorvjëds imìu`mld po`m ljhjiu`lmlo lo mqujsjëéd lm jbhdramëéd o
lo sum idbhjlobijm`jlmlo.
Mposmr lo sum írom lo mtumëéd, DM béd mlqujro, pdssuj du utj`jzm

jtobs du hobüaobds lo bmturozm mbüam`m oa sums dpormëÿos. Béd ní
lmlds suhjijobtos pmrm pdlor ospoiu`mr ua bõaord oxmtd, ams
smcoads quo DM pdssuj uam qumbtjlmlo idbsjlorívo` lo i`jobtos md
roldr ld k`dcd, sobld oòs krupds, jkroems, drkmbjzmëÿos o
krmblos idrpdrmëÿos.
\jpd5 Aoriobírjm.
Drkmbjzmëéd5 _tj`jzm ua sjstoam prmtjimaobto jlåbtjid mds lo uam

sdijolmlo `jajtmlm idbvobijdbm`.
Mtjtulo oa ro`mëéd
ndstj` lovjld ç Hublmëéd5
ç bmturozm Ossobijmàobto
lo sous sorvjëds. japmrijm`, pdrêa

_bjvorsjlmlo Mòxy`vm
Mòxy`vm
Xjséd Korm`5 Aujtd pduid so smco sdcro m _bjvorsjlmlo Mòxy`vm

du sous adtjvds. Ms ovjlåbijms mpmrobtma sukorjr quo m
drkmbjzmëéd oxjsto oa m`kua tjpd lo ubjvorsd m`torbmtjvd, oa quo
m iu`turm @mtjbm o Krokm ambtêa ldajbãbijm po`d aobds sdcro d
noajshêrjd Dijlobtm`6 bmlm mtê ndeo ê idbnoijld sdcro bobnuam
dutrm pmrto losso aubld. \dlds ds dceotds ro`mtmlds ç
_bjvorsjlmlo hdrma obidbtrmlds bd Iobtrd-Yu` lds Ostmlds _bjlds
o amjs ospoijhjimaobto oa \obbossoo,
\obbossoo, òvmbld posqujsmldros lm
Hublmëéd m miroljtmr quo m prùprjm _bjvorsjlmlo ê `dim`jzmlm
bossm írom kodkríhjim.
Aujtds dceotds mssdijmlds ç ubjvorsjlmlo (quo béd so miroljtm

tor irjmld ds dceotds) séd roiupormlds lurmbto trmbspdrto pdstm`
pdr vjm lo uam mkåbijm idbnoijlm idad ‐Wnjtrmbsjaub Idacjbo" o
midapmbnmlds pdr pmpo`mlm roòvmbto, quo meuldu m osi`mroior
lõvjlms sdcro ds dceotds o d ùkmr lo dblo vjorma. Mtê ndeo,
tuld quo ê roidbnoijld sdcro ds aêtdlds lo trmbshoråbijm lds
dceotds ê quo m toibd`dkjm usm prjbiápjds sjaj`mros mds lm Wdbto
lo Ojbstob-Sdsob, ua idbiojtd idbsjlormld purmaobto toùrjid po`m
ijåbijm idbtoapdrãbom. _am soëéd oa pmrtjiu`mr lm _bjvorsjlmlo,
idbnoijlm idad d Lopmrtmaobtd lo Hj`dsdhjm Bmturm` ê idbsjlormld
rospdbsívo` po`ms trmbshoråbijms, pdssjvoàobto soa d
idbnoijaobtd du idbsobtjaobtd ld rostd lm drkmbjzmëéd.
Mblorsdb Sdcùtjim
Sdcùtjim
Xjséd Korm`5 Cmsomlm bd Bdrdosto Wmiáhjid, Mblorsdb Sdcùtjims

vojd prjaojrd ç mtobëéd lm Hublmëéd oa 377;, ida m impturm
lo YIW-=987.
YIW-=987. @jlormlm pdr Xjbiobt Mblorsdb o
Mblorsdb o so ospoijm`jzmbld
bm voblm lo mblrdjlos, rdcüs, jbto`jkåbijms mrtjhjijmjs o
ijcorbêtjids mbüam`ds, Mblorsdb Sdcùtjims rmpjlmaobto kmbndu uam
qumbtjlmlo idbsjlorívo` lo trmëéd bd imapd lm pmrmtoibd`dkjm. D
tmambnd poquobd ld krupd, impmijlmlos oxpjmtùrjms roamriívojs o
cmso lo roiursds surprooblobtoaobto oxtobsm hoz m mproobséd lo

qum`quor oaprokmld lo Mblorsdb ljháij`, ida mpobms m`kubs lds

prdlutds Mblorsdb mtumàobto bms aéds lm Hublmëéd.
Eí Ydads Ambojrds4
Ambojrds4
Xjséd Korm`5 _a idòtjvd lo mrtjstms mbübjads, du mbmrtjstms,
aoacrds lo Eí Ydads Ambojrds4 séd impmzos tmbtd lo dctor qumbtd
prdluzjr dceotds mbüam`ds o obtjlmlos, o usí-`ds pmrm
irjmr ostm`mkobs lo mrto.
mrto. Ossms ostm`mkobs séd adbtmlms pmrm d
aíxjad lo oxpdsjëéd põc`jim o eí hdrma hmtmjs pmrm ospoitmldros6
m hrmso ‐Eí Ydads Ambojrds4 soapro ostí prosobto lo m`kua adld.
M Smjbnm Bokrm
Bokrm
Xjséd Korm`5 Aujtms pduims jbhdramëÿos idbiùsjvms hdrma

roiupormlms sdcro m possdm lo jbtorosso inmamlm lo Smjbnm Bokrm.
O`m mldtm d bdao prùprjd "M`jsdb
"M`jsdb Inmd",
Inmd", d bdao lm hj`nm ld
posqujsmldr Lr. ▎▎▎▎▎▎ Komrs o ▎▎▎▎▎▎ ▎▎▎ Inmd, mbtorjdr md
roirutmaobtd lo Komrs po`m Hublmëéd.
M Smjbnm Bokrm pdssuj idbnoijaobtd jbidaua lm ostruturm o

mtjvjlmlos lm Hublmëéd, o mbdam`jms idbtjlms. D adtjvd losto
idbnoijaobtd jbidaua mjblm ní lo sor idbiùsjvmaobto
jlobtjhjimld, ams mpmrobtm sor dctjld, pmrijmàobto, pdr aojds
mbüam`ds (jbiùjbld m pdssjcj`jlmlo lo hdbtos lo jbhdramëéd
oxtrm ubjvorsm`). O`m hdj ropotjlmaobto impmz lo croinmr m
sokurmbëm lm Hublmëéd so utj`jzmbld lossms jbhdramëÿos, oa
mljëéd m aojds mbüam`ds i`mssjhjimlds.
So`mtds idbh`jtmbtos oxjstoa lms mtjvjlmlos o adtjvmëÿos lm

Smjbnm Bokrm (prdvmvoàobto pdr imusm lo aõ`tjp`ds jbljváluds du
idbtrm-jbto`jkåbijm lo`jcormlm). So`mtds jbjijmjs m imrmitorjzma
idad amòvdòbto, mssmssjbm o lostrutjvm. Dutrds ro`mtds m
imrmitorjzma idad boutrm du cobovdòbto. \dlm jbto`jkåbijm
jbljim sum ndstj`jlmlo ç Hublmëéd.
Ní ro`mtds ld obvd`vjaobtd lm Smjbnm Bokrm ida m amjdrjm lds

prjbijpmjs Krupds lo Jbtorosso idbnoijlds po`m Hublmëéd, ubjlds
m vírjds kdvorbds aubljmjs. Hdbtos béd-vorjhjimlms mhjrama quo

o`m ê d aosad jbljválud quo @.Y. lm Aéd lm Yorpobto, o quo @.Y.

sjkbjhjim ‐@jttò Yjstor (Woquobm Jraé). D adtjvd lossm `jkmëéd
prùxjam jbidaua ê pdssjvoàobto lovjld md usd lm Cjc`jdtoim ld
Wmssmkojrd po`m
Wmssmkojrd po`m Smjbnm Bokrm.
Jbto`jkåbijm jbljim m prosobëm lo dutrds aõ`tjp`ds jbljváluds

tmacêa so inmambld lo ‐Smjbnm Bokrm. M bmturozm o drjkoa lossos
jbljváluds séd jbidbiùsjvms.
Jbsurkåbijm ld Imds
Imds
Xjséd Korm`5 M Jbsurkåbijm ld Imds ê ua krupd ljssjlobto lm

Hublmëéd, irjmld pdr uam ubjlmlo roco`lo quo losortdu ida
ljvorsds dceotds YIW oa =:3<. Loslo obtéd, m Jbsurkåbijm so
tdrbdu uam edkmldrm sjkbjhjimtjvm bd ostíkjd aubljm`, usmbld ms
mbdam`jms quo dctêa pmrm sou prùprjd coboháijd o pmrm idbsd`jlmr
sum cmso lo pdlor k`dcm`. M Jbsurkåbijm béd sù `jlm ida
mbdam`jms, ams tmacêa ida ljstrjcujëéd lo mrams o idòtm lo
jbto`jkåbijm.
O`m hmz usd lo rokjaos mutdrjtírjds oa pmásos pdcros o oa

losobvd`vjaobtd, hroquobtoaobto usmbld sums pdpu`mëÿos lm aosam
hdram quo m Hublmëéd usm hubijdbírjds I`msso-L. O`m meulm m
ambtor m pdcrozm oxtroam o kuorrm quo séd sdhrjlms pdr ossos
pmásos, pmrm idbtjbumr sum oxporjaobtmëéd rmljim`, roirutmaobtd
híij` lo hdrëms o trmbsmëÿos idaorijmjs ùirmtjvms ida vírjms
hmiëÿos dpdsjtdrms.
M amjdrjm lds dceotds mbüam`ds oa pdssosséd lm Jbsurkåbijm séd
losidbnoijlds. Obtro ds jtobs amjs bdtívojs ostí d "Imemld lo

Noraos", ua jtoa impmz lo ljstdrior ms prdprjolmlos hásjims o
quáajims lo qum`quor amtêrjm quo tdim, o d "Yjbd lm Obtrdpjm",
ua dceotd quo pdlo imusmr uam vmrjolmlo lo ohojtds lostrutjvds,
lopoblobld lo dblo mtjbkjr. Macds ds dceotds hdrma drjkjbmàobto
dctjlds pdr ua vm`dr bmlm poquobd po`m Hublmëéd, o hdrma
rducmlds po`ds hublmldros drjkjbmjs lm Jbsurkåbijm.
Ds dceotds YIW o dutrms mbdam`jms rducmlms lm Hublmëéd

tjpjimaobto pdssuoa m`td pdtobijm` pmrm utj`jzmëéd ljrotm, ams m
Jbsurkåbijm tmacêa hoz usd lo mbdam`jms ida mp`jimëÿos aobds
ljrotms, idad YIW->><.
YIW->><.
M cmso prjbijpm` lms dpormëÿos lm Jbsurkåbijm ê losidbnoijlm,

mssja idad sous `áloros mtumjs. Ossm drkmbjzmëéd ê ljrotmaobto
mbtmkdbjstm ç Hublmëéd, usmbld hdrëm òtm` oa tobtmtjvms lo

provobjr m idbtobëéd lo aõ`tjp`ms mbdam`jms lm aosam. M Hublmëéd

tmacêa hdj jbhj`trmlm pdr mkobtos lm Jbsurkåbijm bd pmssmld,
rosu`tmbld bm porlm lo lmlds ijobtáhjids vm`jdsds, rducd lo
vírjms mbdam`jms, o adrto lo hubijdbírjds. Hubijdbírjds séd
mvjsmlds lo pdssávojs jbvmsÿos, mtmquos torrdrjstms o ospjÿos lm
Jbsurkåbijm, o lovoa bdtjhjimr sous suporjdros sdcro qum`quor
mtjvjlmlo lo dutrds hubijdbírjds quo so obimjxoa bd porhj`
idapdrtmaobtm` lm Jbsurkåbijm.
D Ospárjtd lo Injimkd
Injimkd
Xjséd Korm`5 Lurmbto d idaoëd ld sêiu`d 37, d Ospárjtd lo

Injimkd orm m amjdr drkmbjzmëéd irjajbm` mbüam`m bd noajshêrjd
dosto. Cmsomlm oa Injimkd, J``jbdjs, m jbhùåbijm ld krupd so
ostoblou pmrm ms amjdros ijlmlos lds Ostmlds _bjlds,
pmrtjiu`mraobto Bdvm Jdrquo, Cdstdb, Bdvm Dròmbs o m ijlmlo-
ostmld oxtrmljaobsjdbm` \rås Wdrt`mbls.
Wdrt`mbls. D Ospárjtd orm idbnoijld
pdr roirutmr jbljváluds ida impmijlmlos mbüam`ms, mssja idad
irjmr o oxp`drmr mrtohmtds mbüam`ds pmrm usd oa mtjvjlmlos
irjajbdsms.
D Ospárjtd hdj hublmld oa =>:? po`d rosjlobto lo Injimkd o ldbd

lo cmr Sjinmrl L. Inmppo``, quo orm oò aosad ua jbljválud
mbüam`d. Mposmr lo mbds lo oshdrëds, m Hublmëéd so ambtovo
am`suioljlm oa sums tobtmtjvms lo suprjajr m msiobséd md pdlor
lo Inmppo`, lovjld, oa pmrto, mds sous roiursds `jajtmlds bd
adaobtd idad rosu`tmld lo uam irjso jbtorbm oa prdkrossd.
prdkrossd. Oa
embojrd lo =:=:, m Hublmëéd suspoblou dhjijmàobto tdlm dpdsjëéd
idbtrm d Ospárjtd lo Injimkd, pmrm mssokurmr sum iddpormëéd oa
prohorjr
dpormr m jbtorrupëÿos,
soa prd`jhormëéd lo
d YIW-38>7.
YIW-38>7.h`drosiou
Ospárjtd Mssja quooa
porajtjlds m
ua sjbljimtd
bmijdbm` o ovobtumàobto so tdrbdu uam hdrëm ljrotm bm
ljstrjcujëéd jòkm` lo íìdd` lurmbto m Orm lm Wrdjcjëéd.
Krmëms md suiossd lo sous bokùijds lo idbtrmcmbld, d Ospárjtd lo

Injimkd idbtjbum m miuau`mr pdlor sdcro ds aorimlds w pd`átjids
lm Maêrjim ld Bdrto lurmbto m lêimlm lo =:37 o m Hublmëéd hdj
ovobtumàobto hdrëmlm m torajbmr sum trêkum ida d krupd, m hja
lo provobjr m ljssdùëéd idapòtm lo bdram`jlmlo ijobtáhjim. Oa
== lo eu`nd lo =:99, Sjinmrl Inmppo` hjbmàobto hdj mproobljld
pdr dpormtjvds lm Hublmëéd, sokujbld uam jbvmséd bm cmso lo
dpormëÿos ld Ospárjtd. Bm musåbijm lo sou `álor, d krupd
krmlumàobto so losostmcj`jzdu o m amjdrjm lo sous aoacrds o
roiursds hdrma mlqujrjlds pdr dutrms drkmbjzmëÿos.
drkmbjzmëÿos. Loslo =:9>, m

Hublmëéd idbsjlorm dhjijmàobto d Ospárjtd lo Injimkd idad

oxtjbtd.
Obtrotmbtd, ruadros lm sdcrovjvåbijm idbtábum ld Ospárjtd

porsjstjrma oa lêimlms sucsoquobtos. Xírjds mrtohmtds hdrma
mrtohmtds hdrma
losidcortds quo jap`jima d obvd`vjaobtd ld krupd, mposmr lo ua
vábiu`d idbiùsjvd mjblm tor lo sor prdvmld. M`êa ljssd,
ovjlåbijms roiobtos rovo`mrma m oaorkåbijm lo ua bdvd
sjbljimtd so
sjbljimtd so mutdlobdajbmbld "D Ospoitrd lo Injimkd", quo
mpmrobtm dpormr prjamrjmaobto oa idaubjlmlos mbüam`ms
suctorrãboms. Jbvostjkmëéd sdcro osso krupd o sums idboxÿos ida
d Ospárjtd drjkjbm` (so oxjstobtos (ostéd oa prdkrossd.
M Jkroem ld Lous ]uocrmld

]uocrmld
Xjséd Korm`5 @dkd mpùs m losidcortm o idbtobëéd lo YIW->>3,

YIW->>3,
ljvorsds aoacrds lostm "jkroem" so mprosobtmrma o oxjkjrma d
rotdrbd ld "idrmëéd lo lous". @jlormlm pdr ua iortd Sdcort
Cuamrd, oòs séd ua krupd lo hmbítjids, miroljtmbld quo aujtds
lds jtobs YIW soema pmrtos lo ua "lous" quo hdj quocrmld mpùs m
irjmëéd ld ubjvorsd. Sostmurmbld-d pmrm sou ostmld jbtojrd, oòs
tmacêa kmbnmrjma ljvjblmlo. Loslo d prjaojrd idbtmtd, trås
dutrds idapdbobtos-inmvo ld "lous" hdrma tobtmtjvmaobto
jlobtjhjimlds5 YIW-3=;,
YIW-3=;, YIW-3;= o
YIW-3;= o YIW-==9:.
YIW-==9:.
Oòs séd oxtroamaobto ndstjs mds dpormtjvds lm Hublmëéd,

bdaombld-ds "norêtjids", o tobtma amtmr dpormtjvds o quocrmr
idbtobëéd lo jtobs YIW. Béd so smco idad oòs séd impmzos lo
lotoitmr ossos jtobs, ams oòs eí adstrmrma sums nmcj`jlmlos lo
hmzå-`d idabdtívo`
nmcj`jlmlo proijséd
lomssustmldrm.
rosjstjr mdsOa mljëéd,
ohojtds oòs adstrmrma
aobtmjs lo jtobs uam
YIW,
bdtmvoàobto YIW->>3o
YIW->>3o sum "jsim aobtm`".
M Jkroem ê vjstm idad uam maomëm, tmbtd pmrm m Hublmëéd YIW

qumbtd pmrm m nuambjlmlo. Aoacrds lovoa sor lotjlds pdr hdrëm,
du o`jajbmlds pdr qum`quor aojd ljtd boiossírjd pdr mkobtos lm
Hublmëéd.
Ldutdr [dblortmjbaobt
[dblortmjbaobt

Xjséd Korm`5 Ldutdr [dblortmjbaobt, soem ua jbljválud du

obtjlmlo idòtjvm, ê impmz lo prdluzjr mrtohmtds o obtjlmlos
mbüam`ms quo toamtjimaobto òacrma crjbquolds jbhmbtjs. M
bmturozm lossos dceotds o ljspdsjtjvds vmrjm, mposmr lo quo
tdlds séd i`mrmaobto lostjbmlds m soroa utj`jzmlds pdr irjmbëms.
Oa mljëéd, Ldutdr [dblortmjbaobt ê rospdbsívo` po`m irjmëéd lds
Woquobds Yobndros, nuambdjlos mbüam`ds m`tormlds pmrm
idòijdbmaobtd. Lr. [dblortmjbaobt ê roidbnoijld pdr mtjbkjr
hubijdbírjds lm Hublmëéd bd pmssmld, o sous sobtjaobtds oa
ro`mëéd ç Hublmëéd mpmrobtma sor macákuds. Xoem d mrtjkd lo
Jsmco` [dblortmjbaobt bd Ldssjå lo Hubijdbírjds pmrm
Hubijdbírjds pmrm amjs
jbhdramëÿos.
@jkmëÿos ida m Hícrjim hdrma ospoiu`mlms, ams béd séd

idbhjramlms.
M Hícrjim
Hícrjim
Xjséd Korm`5 Wduid so smco sdcro M Hícrjim. Oxiursÿos oa

jbstm`mëÿos supdstms lo soroa dpormlms pdr o`m roblorma
rosu`tmlds `jajtmlds, o bobnuam idbiùséd idbirotm hdj
mìmbëmlm, oxiotd lo quo o`m mpmrobtm sor impmz lo hmcrjimr
mrtohmtds mbüam`ds ’ o quo o`m usm têibjims lo prdluëéd oa amssm
pmrm hmzå-`d.
M ]ujbtm Jkroem
Jkroem
Ostm jkroem ê pmrm dutrms jkroems d quo pm`nmëds séd pmrm
possdms.
possdms. Ní m`kuam
m`kuams
s soao
soao`nmbëm
`nmbëms
s supo
suporhjijm
rhjijmjs,
js, am
ams
s tdlm
tdlms
s ms
idjsms orrmlms séd obhmtjzmlms o oxmkormlms, obtéd vdiå béd
idbsokuo mpdbtmr d quo ostí orrmld…I`mrd, béd ostí `í hdrm prm
to pokmr, ams d quo sjkbjhjim4 Wdr quo ostí `í4 D quo midbtoio
so inmamr vdiå4 “Lr.
“Lr. ▎▎▎▎▎
Xjséd Korm`5 M ]ujbtm Jkroem, tmacêa idbnoijlm idad Jkroem ld

Ijbqujsad du m Jramblmlo Ijbqujstm, ê uam drkmbjzmëéd ro`jkjdsm
m`tmaobto soirotm, quo pdssuj `mëds pdr tdlm m jblõstrjm lo
obtrotobjaobtd. Mposmr lo ropotjlms jbvostjkmëÿos, iuàjbmbld bm
dpormëéd lo 377; lo bávo` bmijdbm` idbnoijlm idad "Dpormëéd

Idbtoap`m-Ostro`ms", bobnua lotm`no mljijdbm` oa ro`mëéd m sums

ldutrjbms, sums prítjims, sou bõaord lo aoacrds du sous
prdpùsjtds hdrma idbhjramlds, mposmr lo uam `jstm lo dcsorvmëéd
sor ambtjlm, ida =77 ioòcrjlmlos o dutrms porsdbm`jlmlos
prdoajbobtos Ijbqujstms idbhjramlms o suspojtmlms. Yum drjkoa
hdj mpdbtmlm oa vírjds pdbtds bd aojd ld sêiu`d 37, o vírjms
`dim`jzmëÿos lm Maêrjim ld Bdrto o Ísjm, ams m`kuams hdbtos m
lmtma pmrm sêiu`ds mbtorjdros.
M ]ujbtm Jkroem bubim so idaubjidu ljrotmaobto ida m Hublmëéd

YIW, ams lovo sor idbsjlormlm idad uam hdrëm ndstj`.
Kmaors Idbtrm Orvm

Orvm
Xjséd Korm`5 "Kmaors Idbtrm Orvm" ê uam idbholormëéd vmkmaobto

drkmbjzmlm lo jbljváluds mbüam`ds, mssja idad mssdijmlds, quo
mssdijmlds, quo
prdluzoa du prdiurma mbdam`jms pmrm hjbs smtárjids o/du pmrm sou
prùprjd ljvortjaobtd. Amjs roiobtoaobto, obtrotmbtd, oòs tmacêa
hdrma jap`jimlds oa suprjr mbdam`jms pmrm drkmbjzmëÿos pd`átjims
lm osquorlm. Obqumbtd Kmaors Idbtrm Orvm drkmbjzma sums
mtjvjlmlos prjamrjmaobto pdr imbmjs bm jbtorbot, ljvorsms
`dim`jzmëÿos ld aubld rom` mssdijmlms ida d krupd hdrma
jlobtjhjimlms o jbvmljlms. Jbto`jkåbijm mtum` sukoro quo Kmaors
Idbtrm Orvm ostí bd prdiossd lo irjmr o ljstrjcujr ua idbeubtd
lo nuambdjlos mbüam`ds pmrm pmrdljmr m sêrjo lo "Woquobds
Yobndros" lo Lr. Amrmvj`nmaobtd, o quo roidbnoio ms dpormëÿos lm
Hublmëéd, so béd sum bmturozm oxmtm.
Lotobëéd lo aoacrds lo Kmaors Idbtrm Orvm prdvdu sor amjs
ljháij` quo mbtoijpmld. Miroljtm-so quo m`kubs lds drkmbjzmldros

ld krupd pdssuoa impmijlmlos lo m`tormëéd lm rom`jlmlo, pdr sj
aosads du pdr miossd ç roiursds oxtorbds. Dpormëÿos mtumjs séd
hdimlms bm idbtobëéd lo mbdam`jms ro`mijdbmlms, o bm
jlobtjhjimëéd o mbí`jso lds aoacrds amjs porjkdsds lo Kmaors
Idbtrm Orvm.
M Idm`jzéd Diu`tm K`dcm` (KDI)

(KDI)

Xjséd Korm`5 M KDI Hdj irjmlm bd porádld pùs-[[JJ, lo rostds lds

diu`tjstms, hásjids, pmlros o ijobtjstms losortdros lds ostmlds
Bmzjstms, Ydvjêtjids o M`jmlds, ubjlm o hdramlm po`ds M`jmlds.
Obqumbtd d ostíkjd aubljm` muaobtmvm, tmacêa muaobtmvm d bõaord
lo pmásos quo tjbnma sums aéds bm KDI, mtê so tdrbmr d quo ê
ndeo.
M KDI ê uam hdrëm pd`átjim oa krmblo pmrto, so vobld idad m

pd`áijm ld aubld pmrmbdram`. O`m so drku`nm oa lostrujr
obtjlmlos sdcrobmturmjs, o hmz usd lm toibd`dkjm oxporjaobtm`
amjs m`tm pdssávo`,
m`tm pdssávo`, dctjlm lo sous cobohjijírjds. Aujtds YIWs
pdtobijmjs hdrma lostruálds pdr oòs mbtos quo m Hublmëéd
pulosso dctå-`ds o idbtå-`ds.
O`m eí ostovo tmbtd md `mld lm Hublmëéd qumbtd idbtrm o`m,

lopoblobld lm sjtumëéd. O`m, oa krmblo pmrto, losprozm m
Hublmëéd po`ds sous usds o idbtobëÿos lo jtobs YIW, md jbvês lo
sum lostrujëéd mhdrm. M IDK rospojtm d pdlor hdrajlívo` lm
Hublmëéd d suhjijobto pmrm lojxí-`m oa pmz bm amjdrjm lms vozos,
mposmr lo tor m`kubs jbijlobtos quostjdbívojs quo m IDK bokdu
ostrjtmaobto tor obvd`vjaobtd.
Mkobtos lm IDK lovoa sor trmtmlds ida suspojtm.
Ljvjséd KS_ "W"
Xjséd Korm`5 Drjkjbmàobto idbnoijlm idad m ЫМ ЗЕБ ("InL MFB"),

du Idajsséd lo Didrråbijms Mbdramjs ld ]umrtd Lopmrtmaobtd),
ostm hdj ostmcj`jzmlm bd jbáijd lo =:9?, pdr loirotd ljrotd lo
E. X. Ytm`jb, sum prjaojrm tmrohm sobld m jbvostjkmëéd ld
mssmssjbmtd lo Y. A. Fjrdv.
Lurmbto m [[JJ, m Idajsséd so oxpmblju oa uam roiobtoaobto

rodrkmbjzmlm KS_, idad Ljvjséd "W" ’ Wsjidtrübjids, trmcm`nmbld
pmrm idbtrm-mtmimr maomëms mbüam`ms lm YY, Mnboborco, o d
Xmtjimbd, o pmrm impturmr o ostulmr mrtohmtds mbüam`ds tmbtd
`dimjs qumbtd ljstmbtos, pmrm d coboháijd ld kdvorbd Ydvjêtjid.
M Ljvjséd "W" idbtjbudu ida ostm tmrohm lurmbto m Kuorrm Hrjm,
ljhjiu`tmbld dpormëÿos lm Hublmëéd bds pmásos ld Idajbtorb.
Mpùs =::=, roostruturmëéd rípjlm, ubjlm m idrtos lo losposms o

losambto`maobtd du voblm lo jtobs lo sjkbjhjiãbijm, rosu`tmrma
oa jbõaorms losorëÿos lo sous hubijdbírjds (uam prdpdrëéd
sjkbjhjimtjvm lo dpormtjvds bm Ourdpm Dijlobtm` tmbtd lm
Jbsurkåbijm ld Imds qumbtd lo AI&L drjkjbmrma lo pdsjëÿos lm

Ljvjséd KS_ "W") o m jbublmëéd ld aorimld bokrd Ourdpou ida

jtobs mbüam`ds, mbtos oa sum pdssosséd. Mtumàobto, osso Krupd
lo Jbtorosso mprosobtm pduim maomëm ljrotm ç Hublmëéd.
Ijrid lms Worturcmëÿos lo Noramb Hu`òr

Hu`òr
Xjséd Korm`5 D Ijrid lms Worturcmëÿos lo Noramb Hu`òr ê

lostjbmld m sor ua ijrid lo drjkoa o prdpùsjtd mbüam`d.
Mtumàobto, béd ní ovjlåbijm quo osso krupd oxjstm m`êa lo
mòkmëÿos lo vírjds YIWs smpjobtos o m`kubs mrtohmtds béd-
mbüam`ds lmbjhjimlds. M amjdrjm lms jbstãbijms lo dceotds
ro`mtmlds tjpjhjimlds pdr imtokdrjm nuambdjlo séd hjsjimaobto
autj`mlds lo m`kuam ambojrm, idad YIW-=>>< o
YIW-=>>< o YIW-=>87.
YIW-=>87. Dutrds
mpmrobtma sor tápjids dceots l‚mrt lo hojrm, idad YIW-=:3=.
YIW-=:3=. Oa
korm`, dceotds ro`mtmlds md Ijrid lo Worturcmëÿos lo Noramb
Hu`òr séd obidbtrmlds oa hojrms dblo d sndw ê ljtd tor sjld
"rom`jzmld".
M Jbjijmtjvm ld Ndrjzdbto
Xjséd Korm`5 M Jbjijmtjvm ld Ndrjzdbto ê uam drkmbjzmëéd irjmlm

bd hja lo =:87, pdr vírjms sojtms jbhùobijmjs bms trås
prjbijpmjs ro`jkjÿos Mcrmãajims, idad uam rospdstm md bõaord
irosiobto lo krupds o mtjvjlmlos mbüam`ms quo oòs obimrma idad
maomëms. Mposmr lm oxtobséd idapòtm lo sous dceotjvds sor
jbiortm, M Jbjijmtjvm ld Ndrjzdbto ê roidbnoijlm pdr cusimr
dceotds YIW, tmbtd ida m jbtobëéd lo roiuporí-`ds qumbtd
lostruá-`ds, lopoblobld ld ùkmr lo imlm jtoa oa sou ldkam.
M Jbjijmtjvm ê `jlormlm pdr ua trjcubm` idapdstd lo `áloros lms

trås amjdros sojtms obvd`vjlms bm sum irjmëéd, mposmr lo uam
krmblo qumbtjlmlo lo idbh`jtd jbtorbd aujtms vozos lojxmr m
`jlormbëm dhjijm` ida aobds quo idapòtd idbtrdò lm
drkmbjzmëéd. M hdrëm lo idacmto prjbijpm` lm JN, Wrdeotd
Am`òus, kormàobto ê `jcormlm oa dpormëÿos mbtj-iu`td, o oa
dpormëÿos lo roiupormëéd YIW.
M ro`mëéd lm Jbjijmtjvm ida m amjdrjm lds dutrds Krupds lo

Jbtorosso o ida m Hublmëéd mpmrobtm ostmr oa hùxd idbstmbto6

obqumbtd tdlms ms pmrtos lm JN roidbnoioa m Jkroem ld Lous

]uocrmld o m Jkroem Ijbqujstm ida ua krmblo bávo` lo ndstj`jlmlo
(o ís vozos so obvd`vobld ida oòs oa idbh`jtd mramld),
sobtjaobtds oa ro`mëéd ç Hublmëéd o m KDI vmrjma cmstmbto, lo
ndstj`jlmlo mcortm m ljspdsjëéd `jajtmlm m iddpormr, lopoblobld
lm mhj`jmëéd jbtorbm lds aoacrds jbljvjlumjs.
Hublmëéd Imrjldsm Ambbm

Ambbm
Xjséd Korm`5 Ostmcoòijlm oa =:;= idad uam mkåbijm nuambjtírjm

jbtor-ro`jkjdsm, ldiuaobtds roiupormlds losirovoa m ajsséd lm
Hublmëéd Imrjldsm Ambbm
Ambbm idad
idad "ljvjljbld" tdlds ds aj`mkros lo
Lous ida ms õ`tjams irjmbëms Loò. Hublmlm jbljrotmaobto pdr
aojd lo mssdijmëÿos ida vírjds krupds imrjldsds o drkmbjzmëÿos
ro`jkjdsms, o oa dimsjéd puc`jimaobto pmtrdijbmlm pdr
hj`mbtrdpds rjids du jbstjtujëÿos mimlåajims, d hdid prjaírjd lm
HIA loslo quo hdj hublmlm hdj m ljstrjcujëéd `jvro lo dceotds
mbüam`ds, du sous sucprdlutds, pmrm ijlmléds vjvobld oa rokjÿos
mtjbkjlms pdr pdcrozm bd \oriojrd Aubld du íroms mhotmlms pdr
kuorrm, hdao du losmstros bmturmjs.
M HIA ê mtumàobto roidbnoijlm po`ms Bmëÿos _bjlms idad uam

drkmbjzmëéd béd-kdvorbmaobtm`, o ê roidbnoijlm pdr dpormr,
òkmàobto o jòkmàobto, oa rokjÿos m`tmaobto ndstjs du
jsd`mlms, hdrm lm oshorm lo jbhùåbijm lm Hublmëéd. Obqumbtd
bobnua dceotd YIW idbnoijld pdr sor ljstrjcuáld po`m HIA, mtê m
lmtm prosobto, imusdu lmbds jbtobijdbm` m soros du idaubjlmlos
nuambms (o dpormldros HIA lotjlds tobloa m loadbstrmr hdrtos
irobëms pmijhjstms), croinms lo idbtobëéd mssdijmlms ida d krupd
hroquobtoaobto rosu`tmrma oa imsum`jlmlos nuambms du maomëms

sovorms pmrm d stmtus qud k`dcm`, lovjld ms idbsoquåbijms
japrovjsávojs lm `jcormëéd lds dceotds lo sums idbtobëÿos, o/du
ua zo`d pmrm ljstrjcujr dceotds pdtobijmàobto ‐õtojs
jaoljmtmaobto, soa ostuld ijobtáhjid rjkdrdsd lo sous
idapdrtmaobtds oa `dbkd prmzd.
Amrsnm``, Imrtor, o Lmrf @tl.

@tl.

Xjséd Korm`5 _a "iùco" cmsomld oa @dblros, Jbk`mtorrm. Yorvjbld

mds supor-rjids ida oxtobsds `mëds pd`átjids o hjbmbiojrds bd
aubld tdld, osto krupd imusdu prdcòams oxtobsjvds ç Hublmëéd.
Amrsnm``, Imrtor, o Lmrf @tl. ê idbnoijld pdr idòijdbmr jtobs
rmrds o dcsiurds, eubtmaobto prdvjlobijmbld sous aoacrds ida ms
oxporjåbijms amjs oxiùsjvms, imrms o rmrms ljspdbávojs.
Ossms mtjvjlmlos rosu`tmrma oa idbh`jtd ida m Hublmëéd oa

bõaorms dimsjÿos. D krupd béd ê idbnoijld po`d sou usd lo hdrëm6
oò prohoro mp`jimr oxtroam prosséd hjbmbiojrm o pd`átjim pmrm
mìmbëmr sous dceotjvds. ]umbld hdrëmlds m usmr aojds amjs
ljrotds, Amrsnm``, Imrtor, o Lmrf @tl. idbtrmtma mkobtos lo
hdrm, o ê coa ljháij` idboitmr ljtds mkobtos ç drkmbjzmëéd.
Amrsnm``, Imrtor o Lmrf @tl. imusdu vírjms croinms lo idbtobëéd

YIW, prjamrjmaobto po`d usd lo ljbnojrd o prosséd sdijm`. Xírjds
ro`mtds, rokjstrds, o mtê jtobs hdrma vmzmlds pdr hubijdbírjds
lm Hublmëéd quo hdrma mcdrlmlds ida krmblos qumbtjlmlos lo
ljbnojrd, du maomëms lo toapd oa imtjvojrd oxtobsjvd, du
tdrturm. Bdtmvoàobto, ldjs sátjds lo idbtobëéd qumso hdrma
òvmlds ç mtobëéd põc`jim mpùs m Hublmëéd bokmr miossd ç aoacrds
lo Amrsnm``, Imrtor, o Lmrf @tl.

Jbhdramëÿos portjbobtos ç Amrsnm``, Imrtor, o Lmrf @tl., idad d
bdao ld ljrotdr du aosad uam `jstm lo aoacrds, prdvmrma sor coa
ljháiojs lo mlqujrjr. Mkobtos obidbtrmbld aoacrds losso krupd
séd midbso`nmlds m ambtor uam njstùrjm hm`sm o, lo hdram m`kuam,
rovo`mr `mëds lm Hublmëéd du jbhdramëéd YIW.
"Bjbkuêa"
"Bjbkuêa"
Xjséd Korm`5 Wduid so smco sdcro m possdm, obtjlmlo du krupd

idbnoijld idad "Bjbkuêa". Xjstd prjaojrd oa =:?<, oò tovo
jbõaorms mpmråbijms loslo m lmtm. Yù nduvo mpobms uam possdm
vjstm oa qum`quor adaobtd, tjpjimaobto losirjtm idad ua ndaoa
Imuimsjmbd, vostjld oa torbd o Holdrm ijbzms. Yo porkubtmld
sdcro sum jlobtjlmlo, oò rospdblo quo ê "Bjbkuêa". Obtrotmbtd,
béd so smco so jssd ê d trmcm`nd lo uam õbjim possdm du
aõ`tjp`ds mkobtos lo uam õbjim, losidbnoijlm mkåbijm. Imuto`m ê
roidaoblmlm, imsd qum`quor mkobto lo imapd obidbtro ua dpormtjvd
quo so jlobtjhjquo idad ‐Bjbkuêa.

Osirjtùrjd pmrm m Sojvjbljimëéd lo

Mrtohmtds Js`ãajids
Js`ãajids
Xjséd Korm`5 D Osirjtùrjd pmrm m Sojvjbljimëéd lo Mrtohmtds

Js`ãajids (DSJM) ê uam hdrëm pmrmaj`jtmr, rospdblobld mpobms md
Yuproad @álor ld Jré, loljimlm m idòëéd o utj`jzmëéd lo
mrtohmtds mbüam`ds po`m írom ld Drjobto Aêljd o Ísjm Iobtrm`.
Mpùs m lorrucmlm ld kdvorbd Japorjm` Jrmbjmbd pdr hdrëms
rovdùijdbírjms oa =:;:, o m irjmëéd sucsoquobto lm Sopõc`jim
Js`ãajim ld Jré, tdlds ds hubijdbírjds lm Hublmëéd hdrma
oxpo`jlds ld Jré idad "mkobtos ld id`dbjm`jsad". \obtmtjvms lo
ambtor uam prosobëm i`mblostjbm bd pmás iuàjbmrma oa hm`nm, ida
m amjdrjm lds hubijdbírjds lm Hublmëéd impturmlds du adrtds, o
ds Yátjds ▎▎, ▎▎▎, o ▎▎▎ sobld impturmlms pdr hdrëms Jrmbjmbms.
Wmrm provobjr quo d Jré hdsso lojxmld pmrm trís bd imapd lo
posqujsm oxtrmbdram`, DSJM hdj irjmld, pdr aojd lo ua loirotd
soirotd ld Yuproad @álor Fndaojbj, oa =:>=. Mposmr lo sou bdao,
d krupd béd so `jajtm ç prdiurm lo dceotds mbüam`ds lo drjkoa
Js`ãajim.
Mposmr ld DSJM tor miossd m roiursds idbsjlorívojs, sum

ohotjvjlmlo ê porturcmlm pdr crjkms jbtorbms obtro jbõaorms
hmiëÿos lobtrd lm drkmbjzmëéd. M`kuams lossms ljsputms séd
iobtrmlms oa ljhorobëms hj`dsùhjims, idad d mramaobtd lo dceotds
mbüam`ds, obqumbtd dutrms mpmrobtma sor possdmjs pdr bmturozm. M
prd`jhormëéd lms hmiëÿos mpmrobtm sor jbtobijdbm`, pdjs m
drkmbjzmëéd ld DSJM hroquobtoaobto lojxm aõ`tjp`ds idamblmbtos
ida íroms lo rospdbsmcj`jlmlo sdcropdstms. Ê todrjzmld quo d
adtjvd pdr trís losso mrrmbed soem provobjr qum`quor ua lds
jbljváluds lo miuau`mr pdlor d suhjijobto, quo pdssm roprosobtmr
ua porjkd md @álor Yuproad.
Ida m prdpmkmëéd lm nokoadbjm Jrmbjmbm po`d Drjobto Aêljd o Ísjm

Dijlobtm`, DSJM oxpmblju sou mìmbio po`m rokjéd, so tdrbmbld m
prjbijpm` drkmbjzmëéd pmrmbdram` bd Drjobto Aêljd. DSJM pdlo sor
idbsjlormlm uam hdrëm ndstj`, o hubijdbírjds lm Hublmëéd séd
midbso`nmlds m usmr imuto`m oxtroam qumbld so obvd`voroa.
Idòtjvd Dbojrdj
Dbojrdj

Xjséd Korm`5 Jbhdramëÿos sdcro d Idòtjvd Dbojrdj inokmrma ç

Hublmëéd mpobms pdr mbí`jso o obtrovjstm lds dceotds mbüam`ds
quo oò lojxm pmrm trís. Miroljtm-so quo soem uam idbsijåbijm
idòtjvm lo possdms sdbnmbld, o obtjlmlos cmsomlms oa sdbnd.
Jbto`jkåbijm adstrdu quo oò hdj ldiuaobtmld pdr dutrds Krupds

lo Jbtorosso, kormàobto m ua krmu sjaj`mr çs jbtormëÿos lm
Hublmëéd. D Idòtjvd Dbojrdj mpmrobtoaobto ê impmz lo idbtmtmr
aosad obtjlmlos m`tmaobto jsd`mlms (ox5 "Bjbkuêa"). Yous
dceotjvds, so oxjstobtos, mtumàobto séd losidbnoijlds.
@mcdrmtùrjds Wrdaotnous, Jbi.

Jbi.
Xjséd Korm`5 Hublmld oa =>:3, @mcdrmtùrjds Wrdaotnous orm

loljimld m posqujsmr dceotds mbüam`ds pmrm usd bd
losobvd`vjaobtd lo bdvms toibd`dkjms. Lurmbto ds mbds,
@mcdrmtùrjds Wrdaotnous so losobvd`vou oa ua idbk`daormld
au`tjbmijdbm`, voblobld toibd`dkjms mvmbëmlms o mbüam`ms pmrm
kdvorbds, sorvjëds aj`jtmros o Krupds lo Jbtorosso. Lurmbto sum
njstùrjm, @mcdrmtùrjds Wrdaotnous adstrdu uam qumbtjlmlo bdajbm`
lo iddpormëéd ida ds oshdrëds lm Hublmëéd lo prdtokor
bdram`jlmlo, o m`kuams vozos mtê id`mcdrdu ida m Hublmëéd, ams
so roiusdu m iossmr sous ostulds lo mbdam`jms o rosjstju
suporvjséd lm Hublmëéd.
Oa =::>, sokujbto m ua `dbkd porádld lo loi`ábjd hjbmbiojrd, d

idbk`daormld @mcdrmtùrjds Wrdaotnous hdj ljssd`vjld, rosu`tmbld
bm irjmëéd lo bõaorms oaprosms suiossdrms, hdramlms pdr sous
sucsjljírjds. M sopmrmëéd ld idbk`daormld hdj jbulmlm lo
ljhjiu`lmlos têibjims o mlajbjstrmtjvms, rosu`tmbld bm porlm lo
aujtds prdlutds, o bm loajsséd lo jbõaords hubijdbírjds. M
amjdrjm lds prdeotds mbtjkds lds @mcdrmtùrjds Wrdaotnous, mkdrm
oa idbtobëéd, hdrma roiupormlds lurmbto osso porádld, o aujtds
lds sous oaprokmlds prêvjds hdrma idbtrmtmlds po`m Hublmëéd.
Iu`tds Ymrfjijstms
Ymrfjijstms
Xjséd Korm`5 Ymrfjijsad ê ua sjstoam ro`jkjdsd/hj`dsùhjid, quo

obk`dcm uam vmrjolmlo lo trmljëÿos, irobëms, o prítjims

ospjrjtumjs, oa amjdr pmrto cmsomlms bds obsjbmaobtds mtrjcuálds

md "Krmblo Ymrfjijstm Jdb", sou hublmldr vobormld. Yous
mlorobtos prmtjima imbjcm`jsad rjtum`ástjid, smirjháijd nuambd,
ao`ndrjm idrpdrm`, tmuamturkjm o ambjpu`mëéd ljaobsjdbm`.
M`tmaobto soirotm, põc`jids idaubs béd mpmrobtma tor
idbnoijaobtd ljrotd lm sum oxjståbijm6 m õbjim oxioëéd sobld m
JlL], quo ds vå oa torads mpdim`áptjids. Ambjpu`mëéd drkãbjim
porajtju m iortds smrfjijstms mìmbëmr ua ostmld prùprjd
mbüam`d, trmbsioblobld ms `jajtmëÿos hásjims lo nuambds bdramjs.
Ldobëm ê vjstm ida rovoråbijm, o m`tmros smrfjijstms hdrma
losidcortds ida dhoroblms lo bùlu`ds `jbhítjids jbinmlds o
irosijaobtds tuadrmjs. Iu`tds smrfjijstms trmtma idbtíkjd idad
idbsmkrmëéd, idad ambojrm lo "mcmtor" d hrmid o purjhjimr ms
amssms, o mssja prdiurma mssokurmr mtjvmaobto sum prdpmkmëéd.
M Hublmëéd ljvjlo iu`tds smrfjijstms idbnoijlds oa lums

vortobtos ljstjbtms5 Wrdtd-Ymrfjijsad o Bod-Ymrfjijsad. Iu`tds
Wrdtd-Ymrfjijstms pdloa sor obidbtrmlds oa idaubjlmlos jbsu`mlms
lobtro ms rokjÿos amjs jsd`mlms lm Ourísjm, sous sokujldros
kormàobto sobld pdcros (aosad quo mutdssuhjijobtos) o ndstjs ç
hdrmstojrds. \mjs krupds losprozma adlorbjlmlos, adstrma
toibdhdcjm
idbtrmsto, mkulm
iu`tdsoBod-Ymrfjijstms
séd prosds ç suporstjëéd o tmcu. Oa
séd idsadpd`jtmbds,
puc`jimaobto mcrmëmbld adlorbjlmlo, o béd adstrmbld mvorséd
mpmrobto ç toibd`dkjm6 sums vjlms põc`jims ljhoroa pduid lo
dutrds oa sum iu`turm du stmtus sdijm`. Mlorobtos séd
prjamrjmaobto hmaá`jms mhùobtos, rjims oa njstùrjm o osiãblm`d.
_`tjamaobto, miroljtm-so quo m Hublmëéd smjcm mpobms lo uam

hrmëéd ld quo smrfjijsad ê o d quo sous sokujldros quoroa.
Cmsomlds bms jbhdramëÿos ljspdbávojs, ds dceotjvds ospoiu`mlds
lds iu`tds smrfjijstms roprosobtma uam trdim lo ldajbãbijm
i`msso-YF, jbiùjbld m pdssjcj`jlmlo lo ua iobírjd lo hja lo
aubld i`msso-^F.
M Aéd lm Yorpobto
Yorpobto
Xjséd Korm`5 M Aéd lm Yorpobto ê uam poquobm, amjs hdrajlívo`

drkmbjzmëéd, rospdbsívo` pdr ljvorsms croinms lo sokurmbëm. Wo`d
aobds trås jbljváluds ljhorobtos hdrma obidbtrmlds, tdlds ds
qumjs usmrma jtobs mbüam`ds pdssávojs du idbhjramlds, pmrm hjbs
lo jbhj`trmëéd (jbiùjbld YIW-38>,
YIW-38>, quo hdj rducmld lm Hublmëéd,
quo, pdr sum voz, d roiupordu lurmbto uam jbvmséd m uam
jbstm`mëéd lm Jbsurkåbijm ld Imds). D bõaord tdtm` lo aoacrds
portobiobtos m ossm drkmbjzmëéd ê losidbnoijld, idad ê sou bávo`

lo toibd`dkjm, bõaord lo YIWs pdssjvoàobto ambtjlds du bávo`

tdtm` lo maomëm. Obtrotmbtd, ê i`mrd quo oòs séd m`tmaobto
iddrlobmlds o pdssjvoàobto porjkdsds. Jamkjbm-so quo ua lds
sous `áloros soem uam hjkurm idbnoijlm idad "@.Y.", quo ê
idbsjlormld sor possdmàobto rospdbsívo` pdr lums croinms lo
sokurmbëm bds Yátjds lm Hublmëéd.
Mtumàobto m Hublmëéd toa aujtd pduim jbhdramëéd sdcro m Aéd lm

Yorpobto, o qumso tdlm jbhdramëéd idbnoijlm sdcro o`m hdj vmzmlm
po`m jbto`jkåbijm IDK. D krupd mpmrobtm mcrmëmr d usd o
oxjståbijm lo jtobs pmrmbdramjs, o oa pmrtjiu`mr mpmrobtm
mcrmëmr YIWs nuambdjlos o sobijobtos. M Aéd lm Yorpobto hdj
cmstmbto vdim` oa irjtjimr m idbtobëéd o lostrujëéd lossos YIWs,
ospoijmàobto ds quo séd idapòtmaobto nuambds o béd séd
pmrtjiu`mraobto lostrutjvds.
D krupd mpmrobtm tor ro`mëÿos jbjajkms ida m Jbsurkåbijm ld Imds

o d OSMJ, o uam ro`mëéd oxtroamaobto ndstj` ida m IDK. Ds õbjids
imsds rokjstrmlds lo vjd`åbijm soa prdvdimëéd po`ds aoacrds lm
Aéd lm Yorpobto hdrma idbtrm mkobtos lm IDK.
M Aéd lm Yorpobto mpmrobtm sor cmsomlm prjamrjmaobto oa uam

`dim`jzmëéd mbüam`m, inmamlm lo Cjc`jdtoim ld Wmssmkojrd, uam
idbstruëéd miossmlm pdr pdrtmjs obidbtrmlds oa ljvorsms pmrtos
ld aubld. Mtmquos ljrotds ç Cjc`jdtoim mtê obtéd so prdvmrma
jbohjimzos, aosad qumbld m obtrmlm pdljm sor obidbtrmlm.
Obtrotmbtd, jbto`jkåbijm jbjijm` mpmrobtm sukorjr quo m Aéd toa
pduim idaproobséd du idbtrdò ld ùkmr.
\obtmtjvms lo jbhj`trmr m Cjc`jdtoim ld Wmssmkojrd ostéd oa

prdkrossd.
prdkrossd.
_bjlmlo lo Jbijlobtos Jbidaubs,

Lopmrtmaobtd Holorm` lo Jbvostjkmëéd
Jbvostjkmëéd
Xjséd Korm`5 M _bjlmlo lo Jbijlobtos Jbidaubs hdj hdramlm mpùs d

jbáijd lm Kuorrm Hrjm, qumbld aujtds mspoitds ld Kdvorbd
Maorjimbd orma hdimlds oa utj`jzmr d mbüam`d o provobjr ds
idaubjstms lo hmzor d aosad. Jssd òvdu m irjmëéd lo uam ljvjséd
ospoijm` ld HCJ, lovdtmlm ç rospdstm rípjlm lo irjaos o ovobtds
pmrmbdramjs. Ljrotdr E. Olkmr Nddvorhdj
Nddvorhdj obvd`vjld possdmàobto
ida m sum irjmëéd.
Mposmr lo jbjijmàobto roiocor jbvostjaobtd o roiursds

sjkbjhjimtjvds po`d Kdvorbd Maorjimbd, sokujbld d hja lm Kuorrm

Hrjm o m ljssdùëéd lo drkmbjzmëÿos jbjajkms idad KS_-W, m _JJ

ostovo oa ua ostmld lo loi`ábjd lurmbto aujtds mbds.
Woedrmtjvmaobto rohorjlm idad "Mrqujvd ^" o "_JJbõto`

"_JJbõto`"
" po`ms
prjbijpmjs idaubjlmlos mbüam`ms, m mkåbijm ê kormàobto coa-
jbtobijdbmlm, ams lovjld ç hm`tm lo roiursds hjbmbiojrds, pduim
aéd-lo-dcrm o dcstruëéd curdirítjim po`d Kdvorbd lds O_M, ê
hroquobtoaobto poriocjlm idad béd-ohotjvm. M jbhùåbijm lm
Hublmëéd o lm Idm`jzéd Diu`tm K`dcm` bd Kdvorbd lds Ostmlds
_bjlds japolju m _J_ o dutrms obtjlmlos ld Kdvorbd `jlmbld ida
mtjvjlmlo mbüam`m, idad d 8=8µ Osqumlréd lm Hdrëm Mêrom lds O_M
("Xjbkmldros lo Sdswo``") o m d \jao lm _Y Bmvy YOM@ Crmvd Wmpm
Sdaod Lo`tm, lo soroa idapòtmaobto ljssd`vjlds.
Mkobtos ld HCJ o Mkobtos Ospoijmjs quo so ubjrma ç _bjlmlo lo

Jbijlobtos Jbidaubs hroquobtoaobto toa oxporjåbijm oa
psjid`dkjm, imapds lo Y\OA, o ostulds lo mrto. Idad pmrto ld mtd
WM\SJD\, mkobtos lm ubjlmlo séd roquorjlds lo soroa
mlajbjstrmlds Mkobtos Yjòbijmldros Aoaêtjids
Worsdbm`jzmlds (MYAW,
Worsdbm`jzmlds (MYAW, id`dqujmàobto rohorjlds idad "drloa lo
sjkj`d" pdr mkobtos lm _JJ) pmrm ovjtmr vmzmaobtds.
M _bjlmlo lo Jbijlobtos Jbidaubs ê idbnoijlm pdr so obvd`vor oa

idacmto, eubtmaobto o idbtrm vírjms drkmbjzmëÿos mbüam`ms bd sou
pmssmld, jbiùjbld pmrtjijpmbld oa ljvorsms dpormëÿos lo idacmto
sdc m suporvjséd lm
suporvjséd lm Hublmëéd bds
Hublmëéd bds mbds ?7 o 87, o d jbijlobto
"Amacm Bokrm" bd Mhokmbjstéd oa =:;8, ua idbh`jtd jbhmao obtro
mkobtos lm _J_ o aoacrds ld KS_-W.
Mtumàobto, m ljvjséd lm _bjlmlo lo Jbijlobtos Jbidaubs

suporvjsm d ostmld mbüam`d mutübdad lo \rås Wdrt`mbls.
Wdrt`mbls. _a
oxoap`d lm cmjxm-roblm o hm`tm lo hubijdbírjds bm _bjlmlo lo
Jbijlobtos Jbidaubs pdlo sor vjstd bm õbjim ljvjséd rostmbto bd
Iobtrd-Dosto lds Ostmlds _bjlds.
_bjlds.
Ydùëÿos Yj`vostros ld [j`sdb

[j`sdb
Xjséd Korm`5 Ydùëÿos Yj`vostros ld [j`sdb ua sorvjëd pmrmbdram`
puc`jimaobto hublmld, cmsomld oa I`mifmams Idubty, Drokdb,
ospoijhjimaobto bm ijlmlo lo Cdrjbk. Mposmr lm Hublmëéd tor
idbnoijaobtd sdcro m oxjståbijm o mhj`jmëÿos mbüam`ms lo
Ydùëÿos Yj`vostros ld [j`sdb loslo =:::, loadrdu bdvo mbds mtê
d Jbijlobto _rsus Amrátjaus oa 377> pmrm sum oxjståbijm sor
dhjijmàobto roidbnoijlm o ua ro`mijdbmaobtd sor ostmcoòijld
po`ds ldjs krupds. Mtumàobto, d Midrld lo Cdrjbk loi`mam quo
Ydùëÿos Yj`vostros lo [j`sdb lovorí sor suporvjsjdbmlm po`m H\A
Cotm-< ("Bíuhrmkds"), `dim` ld Yátjd-8< o quo oò pdlorí `jlmr
ida m idbtobëéd lo mbdam`jms lo hmubm Yokurm o Oui`álom, ida
krmus vmrjívojs lo jbtorvobëéd lm Hublmëéd (du lopoblobld ld

imsd). Oaoblms ld Midrld lo Cdrjbk pdloa, o lovoa, sor hojtms

pmrm `jlmr ida íroms ijbzms du pd`átjims bdvms idad boiossírjd.
IDAD ISJMS _A KS_WD LO JB\OSOYYO

\m`voz sous edkmldros béd ostoema m hja lo edkmr ida ua lds
krupds oxjstobtos o losoeoa irjmr ua pmrm sum imapmbnm, coa pmrm
jssd séd boiossírjms m`kuams idjsms císjims5
Bdao ld krupd
•
Njstùrjm5 M drjkoa ld krupd

•
Dceotjvds5 qum` d dceotjvd d krupd sokuo4

•
@jkmëéd ida m Hublmëéd5 so ê majkívo`, boutrd du idbtrm

•
Jbhùåbijm5 m jbhùåbijm ld krupd bd aubld, pdssuj

•
`jkmëÿos ida kdvorbds4 @jkmëéd m dutrds krupds4 mko oa

tdld d aubld du mpobms oa ua pmás oa ospoiáhjid4
Bávo` \oibd`ùkjid5 qumjs tjpd lo mrams o oqujpmaobtd d
•
krupd pdssuj4

HJINM CÍYJIM WMSM KS_WDY LO JB\OSOYYO
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HDSËMY \MSOHMY
\jpd Mcrovjmëéd Lotm`nos Oxoap`d
M losjkbmëéd pmlréd,
qum`quor oqujpo lo possdms
A\H M`pnm-= ("aéd
("aéd
Hdrëm \mrohm quo so los`dquo lo ua
Aùvo` A\H ùkmr pmrm dutrd pdlo ljrojtm
vorao`nm ")
vorao`nm ")
toibjimaobto roiocor d
tátu`d A\H.
D quo ê jssd4 Yum oqujpo

béd so advo4 _so ua bdao
Y\H - so oòs ostjvoroa oa Y\H Cotm->
Hdrëm \mrohm
Y\H osirjtùrjds korobijmbld ms ("sdprmldros lo
Ostmijdbírjm
idjsms, uam Hdrëm \mrohm cd`nms ")
cd`nms ")
Ostmijdbírjm sdmrí bd sou
coid.
Yo m sum oqujpo ostí

B\H Lo`tm-;
Hdrëm \mrohm porljlm bd mzu` ld diombd,
B\H ("\oapostmlo ld
Bmvm` ê prdvívo` quo soem uam
Bdrto ")
Hdrëm-\mrohm Bmvm`.
]um`quor hdrëm-tmrohm
hdramlm pmrm idacmtor uam
õbjim maomëm du W\H Lup`ji-<
Hdrëm \mrohm
W\H jbijlobto. Yo oòs sù ("Hubijdbmaobtd
Wrdvjsùrjm
soréd usmlds uam voz, jbtorbd ")
prdvjsjdbm` ê d quo vdiå
ostí prdiurmbld.
Amjs cdhhjbs ld quo

ùtmldros, uam Hdrëm-
\mrohm lo Wosqujsm ê
ospoijm`jzmlm oa
jbvostjkmr uam õbjim
S\H Yjko`-:
Hdrëm-\mrohm mbdam`jm, suspojtm lo
lo Wosqujsm S\H mbdam`jm du tjpd lo ("Drokdb
\rmj`c`mzors ")
mbdam`jm. \m` idad
midbtoio ida d B\H o W\H,
oòs pdloa sor usmlds lo
hdram jbtorimacjívo` ida d
A\H.
_am hdrëm-tmrohm
Hdrëm \mrohm Y\H osdtêrjim, pmrtjiu`mr du Y\H-Daokm-=?
Ospoijm` bdvmaobto mbdram`. M`êa ljssd, d quo (" Ljro Lools")
Lools")
oòs séd lopoblo lo vdiå.
_am hdrëm tmrohm. Bd

ospmëd! Yo ostjvor
Hdrëm-\mrohm D\H छ -9
-9 ("hj`nds
("hj`nds
D\H obvd`vjld oa ùrcjtms du
Drcjtm` ostmëÿos ospmijmjs, ê ua lo Idinrmbo ")
Idinrmbo ")
D\H.

]umbld m Hublmëéd hdram ua

E\H Lo`tm-9
Hdrëm \mrohm krupd ida aoacrds lo
E\H ("@jvro Idaêrijd
Idbeubtm dutrms drkmbjzmëÿos, ua
Drkãbjid ")
Drkãbjid ")
E\H ê d quo oòs hmzoa.
Aõ`tjp`ms ljvjsÿos,
krmblos du poquobms,
mkrupmlms sdc ua õbjid
Hdrëm \mrohm L\H cmbbor. Ostm ê m L\H Yjkam-8
Ljstrjcuálm losjkbmëéd pmrm vdiå so ("Wullòeuapors")
"Wullòeuapors")
oòs ostéd `jlmbld ida
aujtms idjsms md aosad
toapd.
Losjkbmëéd mcrmbkobto pmrm

tdlds ds tjpds lo hdrëm- \H-\notm-> ("
aéd
aéd
Hdrëm tmrohm \H
tmrohm. Yo vdiå béd tjvor jbvjsávo`")
jbvjsávo`")
iortozm, mpobms uso jssd.
_a pduid nácrjld obtro uam

hdrëm tmrohm prdvjsùrjm o
ostmijdbírjm. Irjmld ida m
Hdrëm \mrohm M\H Jbljmbmpd`js-
M\H hjbm`jlmlo lo idbtor uam
Mp`jimlm õbjim mbdam`jm, ams béd =9 (" Fj``cdys")
Fj``cdys")
toapdrírjm. Béd vjmeo o
bubim soem trmbshorjld.
_am hdrëm-tmrohm quo

Hdrëm \mrohm trmcm`nm ljrotmaobto oa I\H-Wsj-=3
I\H
Id`mcdrmtjvm idbeubtd ida dutrms ("Amlvj``mjby ")
"Amlvj``mjby ")
hdrëms-tmrohm du KdJs.

H\As-HDSËMY \MSOHMY AÙXOJY

(A\Hs)
H\A M`pnm-= ("Aéd Ljrojtm Xorao`nm")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm5 Hdrëm \mrohm Aùvo` M`pnm-= ê uam hdrëm

tmrohm quo rospdblo ljrotmaobto pmrm d idbso`nd D?, o ê usmlm oa
sjtumëÿos quo boiossjtma lm sokurmbëm dpormijdbm` amjs rostrjtm.
M hdrëm tmrohm idbsjsto lds ao`ndros o amjs hjêjs dpormtjvds lm
Hublmëéd. Jbhdramëÿos mljijdbmjs obvd`vobld H\A M`pnm-= séd
i`mssjhjimlms Bávo` ?.
H\A M`pnm-3c ("Ds Imrtojrds")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm5 Hdrëm-tmrohm ospoijm`jzmlm bd trmbspdrto

lo jtobs mbüam`ds lo cmjxd rjsid.

H\A M`pnm-< ("Oxprossd Wüboj")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm5 Hdrëm \mrohm Aùvo` M`pnm-< idbsjsto

prjamrjmaobto lo hubijdbírjds trojbmlds pmrm mkjr idad
oaprokmlds ljshmrëmlds, o so ospoijm`jzm oa rmstromr,
jbtorioptmr o prdtokor dceotds mbüam`ds obvjmlds pdr sorvjëds lo
obtrokm pdstmjs o lo pmidtos bd aubld tdld.
H\A M`pnm-?m ("Kumrlm lo Ndbrm")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm5 Yupdstmaobto rmstromr, adbjtdrmr o, so

boiossírjd, suceukmr possdms quo pdssma ostmr sdc m jbhùåbijm
lo ohojtds mbüam`ds.

H\A M`pnm-?c ("Wmrmbmuknts")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm5 \rojbmld o oqujpmld pmrm oxp`drmëéd

trjljaobsjdbm`.
H\A M`pnm-8 ("\nmuajo`")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm5 \mrohm ida ro`mtùrjds pmrm jbstm`mëÿos

lo idbtobëéd quo ostéd obhrobtmbld hm`nms lo idbtobëéd bd bávo`
ld Fotor. M cmso prjbijpm` lm M-8 ostí `dim`jzmlm portd lm Írom-
73.

H\A M`pnm-: ("Õ`tjam Ospormbëm")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm Aùvo`5 M robmsijlm Daokm-;. _am Hdrëm

\mrohm Aùvo` oxp`jijtmaobto lostjbmlm m trojbmr o utj`jzmr
dceotds nuambùjlos YIW oa imapd.
H\A M`pnm-== ("Adsquotojrds")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm Aùvo`5 _am Hdrëm-\mrohm Aùvo` quo utj`jzm

jtobs mbüam`ds bd imapd, ospoijm`jzmlm oa obkmemr ljrotmaobto
Krupds lo Jbtorosso ndstjs.

H\A Cotm-; ("Amz Nmttors")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm5 Hdrëm \mrohm Aùvo` Cotm-; ê

ospoijm`jzmlm bm mqujsjëéd o idbtobëéd lo mbdam`jms quo oxjcoa
rjsids oxtroads cjd`ùkjids, quáajids du rmljd`ùkjids, mssja idad
m rípjlm idbtobëéd o `japozm lo íroms mhotmlms pdr mbdam`jms ld
tjpd. Jssd jbiùj d p`mboemaobtd o `jcormëéd lo idbtjbkåbijms
pmrm m prdpmkmëéd pmblåajim du lo krmblos íroms lo mkobtos lo
ldobëms mbüam`ms du dutrds hobüaobds idbtmkjmbtos.
H\A Kmaam-? ("Mrobquos Xorao`nds")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm5 Hdrëm \mrohm Aùvo` Kmaam-? so

ospoijm`jzm oa provobjr m ljvu`kmëéd lo idbnoijaobtd lo
hobüaobds du ovobtds mbüam`ds, oa imsds dblo oshdrëds jbjijmjs
lo suprosséd so prdvmrma jbohjimzos du jbsuhjijobtos, du oa
imsds dblo tm` idbnoijaobtd eí mìmbëdu ostmlds irátjids lo
oxpdsjëéd põc`jim. Jssd jbiùj m posqujsm o `jcormëéd lo
mabêstjids oxporjaobtmjs, mssja idad prdioljaobtds lo hmcrjimëéd
lo aoaùrjms.

H\A Kmaam-8 ("M`jaobtmldros lm

Wrdhublozm")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm5 Hdrëm \mrohm Aùvo` Kmaam-8 so

ospoijm`jzm bm jbvostjkmëéd o rmstrojd lo mbdam`jms dioãbjims du
lo prdhublozms ld amr.
H\A Kmaam-=9 ("Wdrtmldros lm @oj lo

Msjadv")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm5 Hdrëm tmrohm Aùvo` Kmaam-=9 so

ospoijm`jzm bm jbvostjkmëéd, rmstrojd o mproobséd lo dceotds,
possdms o obtjlmlos mbüam`ms, mssdijmlms ida KlJ-===? (Mblorsdb
(Mblorsdb
Sdcùtjims).
Sdcùtjims). Jssd jbiùj jlobtjhjimëéd lo i`jobtos lo Mblorsdb,
`dim`jzmëéd lo prdlutds lo Mblorsdb o idbluëéd lo jbvmsÿos m
osirjtùrjds lo Mblorsdb

H\A Lo`tm-? ("Idrroldros lo Wmrtjlm")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm5 Hdrëm \mrohm Aùvo` Lo`tm-? ê idapdstm lo

aõ`tjp`ms ubjlmlos mutübdams lo m`td ljshmrio, ospoijm`jzmbld bm
jlobtjhjimëéd o mqujsjëéd mbtoijpmlm lo dceotds mbüam`ds o
obtjlmlos lo jbtorosso m dutrds Krupds lo Jbtorosso.
Jbtorosso.
H\A Opsj`db-: ("Idaoldros lo Hdkd")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm5 Opsj`db-: so ospoijm`jzm bd usd lo

mramaobtd jbiobljírjd o dpormëÿos oa macjobtos lo m`tm
toapormturm.

H\A Opsj`db-== ("Smpdsm lo Bdvo

Imulms")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm5 Hdrëm \mrohm Aùvo` Opsj`db-== `jlm ida m

sokurmbëm jbtorbm lm Hublmëéd YIW, sdc idambld lm H\A M`pnm-=.
O`m ê uam hdrëm lo dpormëÿos ospoijmjs, `jcormlm pmrm Íroms lm
Hublmëéd qumbldMssja
séd jajbobtos. prdtdid`ds
sobld,pmlrÿos hm`nma
m amjdrjm lms o aõ`tjp`ms
sums croinms
dpormëÿos séd
i`mssjhjimlms.
H\A Uotm-: ("\dupojrms")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm5 Hdrëm \mrohm Aùvo` Uotm-: so ospoijm`jzm

bm jbvostjkmëéd, oxp`drmëéd o idbtobëéd lo íroms suctorrãboms o
hoinmlms oxjcjbld hobüaobds mbüam`ds, oa pmrtjiu`mr ms ida
tdpdkrmhjm jbidbsjstobto du ospmëd-toapd jbstívo`.

H\A Otm-=7 ("Béd Xå Am`")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm5 Hdrëm \mrohm Aùvo` Otm-=7 so ospoijm`jzm

bm jbvostjkmëéd, mqujsjëéd o idbtobëéd jbjijm` lo dceotds du
obtjlmlos quo oxjcoa rjsidkbjtjvds vjsumjs, mkobtos aoaêtjids
vjsumjs, du imsds quo roquoroa dcsorvmëéd jbljrotm du
m`torbmtjvm mhja lo soroa `jlmlds ida sokurmbëm.
H\A Otm-== ("Horms Yo`vmkobs")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm5 Hdrëm \mrohm Aùvo` Otm-== so ospoijm`jzm

bm jbvostjkmëéd, mqujsjëéd o idbtobëéd lo mbdam`jms ausjimjs o
muljtjvms, jbiùjbld qum`quor rjsidkbjtjvd muljtjvd du maomëms
mbüam`ms cmsomlms oa sda.

H\A \notm-< ("Emrljbojrds")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm5 Hdrëm \mrohm Aùvo` \notm-< so

ospoijm`jzm bm mqujsjëéd o idbtobëéd lo dceotds o obtjlmlos
mbüam`ms lorjvmlms lo p`mbtm du sjaj`mros m p`mbtms,
ospoijmàobto trmcm`nd lo imapd obvd`vobld jbhostmëéd map`m lo
tmjs mbdam`jms.
H\A \notm-:7 ("Adoldros lo Ãbku`d")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm5 Hdrëm \mrohm Aùvo` \notm-:7 `jlm

\notm-:7 `jlm ida
tdpd`dkjms, kodaotrjms o íroms mbüam`ms sjaj`mros ida prdcòams
amtoaítjids.

H\A Jdtm-=7 ("Am`ljtds Holormjs")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm5 Hdrëm \mrohm Aùvo` Jdtm-=7 ambtêa

dpormtjvds oa sokrold oa vírjms mkåbijms lm òj jbtorbmijdbm`,
holorm` o prdvjbijm`, o so ospoijm`jzm oa hmij`jtmr m
trmbshoråbijm lo ovjlåbijms o dceotds mbüam`ds md idbtrdò lm
Hublmëéd, m`êa lm trmbshoråbijm lo eurjsljëéd sdcro `dimjs lo
ovobtds mbüam`ds lm òj `dim` pmrm ds tjaos lo idbtobëéd o
rospdstm lm Hublmëéd.
H\A Fmppm-=7 ("Yfybot")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm5 Hdrëm \mrohm Aùvo` Fmppm-=7 ê uam

losjkbmëéd toapdrírjm mtê d adaobtd quo ostm soem dhjijmàobto
ljssd`vjlm du smbijdbmlm. Ostm toa m tmrohm ostrjtm lo jbvostjkm
o mprdxjamr-so lo „iycormbdam`jms‚, usmbld uam idacjbmëéd lo
mkobtos vjrtumjs (SJMs) o posqujsmldros lm Hublmëéd, pmrm
rmstromr, boutrm`jzmr o/du idbtor tmjs maomëms jbtmbkávojs.

H\A @maclm-< ("Dcsorvmldros lo

Wíssmrds")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm5 Hdrëm \mrohm Aùvo` @maclm-< so

ospoijm`jzm bm jlobtjhjimëéd, rmstrojd o idbtobëéd lo mbdam`jms
cjd`ùkjims trmbspdrtmlms po`d mr, ospoijmàobto drkmbjsads
mbüam`ds mvjírjds.
H\A @maclm-? ("Ido`nds Crmbids")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm5 Hdrëm \mrohm Aùvo` @maclm-? so

ospoijm`jzm oa mtrmvossmr rom`jlmlos jbstívojs, surromjs o
idbtrd`mlms, o idbtor possdms o mrtohmtds pdtobijmàobto
porjkdsds, impmzos lo ambjpu`mr toapd o ospmëd.

H\A Au-9 ("Amjdros Mrroamtmldros")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm5 Hdrëm \mrohm Aùvo` _a-9 ê loljimlm m

adbjtdrmr KlJ „Amrsnm``, Imrtor & Lmrf @tl‚. Wo`ms hdrëms
idacjbmlms lo mkobtos ljshmrëmlds o ospoijm`jstms oa dpormëÿos
obidcortms, sou dceotjvd ê5 Jlobtjhjimr dceotds lo jbtorosso oa
pdssosséd lo Amrsnm``, Imrtor & Lmrf, jsd`mr dpdrtubjlmlos pmrm
roiupormr ossos dceotds6 o hjbmàobto rom`jzmr m idbtobëéd
lostos.
H\A Au-< ("Lopurmldros")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm5 Hdrëm \mrohm Au-< so ospoijm`jzm bm

jlobtjhjimëéd, rmstrojd, roiupormëéd o idbtobëéd lo ljspdsjtjvds
oòtrübjids o trmbsajssÿos, ospoijmàobto idaputmldros mbüam`ds
o mbdam`jms ro`mijdbmlms çs rolos. Jssd jbiùj m jbvostjkmëéd lo
sjtos bm jbtorbot suspojtds lo impmijlmlos mbüam`ms du
obvd`vjlds oa ovobtds mbüam`ds.

H\A Au-=9 ("Imëm-Hmbtmsams")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm5 Hdrëm \mrohm Aùvo` _a-=9 so ospoijm`jzm

bd rmstrojd, mbí`jso o idbtobëéd lo ambjhostmëÿos o obtjlmlos
jbidrpdrmjs du jbtmbkávojs, pmrtjiu`mraobto ms tjlms idad
sobijobtos, smpjobtos du lo dutrd adld jbto`jkobtos o
mlmptmtjvms.
H\A Bu-; ("Amrto`d Mcmjxd")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm5 Hdrëm \mrohm Aùvo` Mramlm Bu-; ê uam

hdrëm-cmtm`néd, idbsjstjlm lo trås oòaobtds lo tmambnd-
idapmbnjm lo hdrëms lo dpormëÿos lo jbhmbtmrjm ospoijmjs, uam
idapmbnjm lo voáiu`d lo mramlurm òvo, po`dtéd lo tmbquo,
osqumlréd lo no`jiùptord, po`dtéd quáajid-cjd`ùkjid-rmljd`ùkjid-
buiòmr (]CSB), po`dtéd lo obkobnmrjm oa idacmto, osqumlréd
ospoijm`jstm oa mrams buiòmros (OMB) amjs hubijdbírjds
ospoijm`jstms oa idacmto o supdrto. H\AM Bu-; toa cmso prjaírjm
hdrm lm Írom lo Cjd-Idbtobëéd Mramlm-=< o toa m tmrohm lo
rospdblor m jbijlobtos obvd`vobld porlm lo idaubjimëéd ida ms
prjbijpmjs jbstm`mëÿos lm Hublmëéd, sdc ijriubstãbijms dblo uam
croinm lo írom idapòtm, idaprdaotjaobtd jbjajkd du ovobtd
imtmstrùhjid sjaj`mr soem suspojtd.

H\A Dabjirdb Snd ("D \jao lds Ydbnds")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm5M Hublmëéd losidcrju d aêtdld lo so

tdrbmr Dbojrdjo, o mkdrm, ida osto pdlor, ê amjs impmz lo idbtå-
`ds. Lurmbto lêimlms o`m obsjbm sous mkobtos m têibjim quo
porajto uam idbsijåbijm m so ubjr ç dutrm. Ds pduids jbljváluds
aobtmàobto rohdrëmlds quo suiolorma hdrma drkmbjzmlds oa uam
hdrëm tmrohm. M prjaojrm lossms hdj m Hdrëm \mrohm Aùvo` Dairdb
Snd.
H\A Wj-= ("Am`mblrds lm Ijlmlo")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm5 Hdrëm \mrohm Aùvo` Wj-= so ospoijm`jzm

bm jbvostjkmëéd, idbtobëéd o `japozm sucsoquobto lo mbdam`jms oa
macjobtos urcmbds lo pdpu`mëéd lobsm, oa pmrtjiu`mr m írom
aotrdpd`jtmbm lo Bdvm Jdrquo.

H\A Snd-= ("Ds Wrdhossdros")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm5 Hdrëm \mrohm Aùvo` Snd-= so ospoijm`jzm

bm mqujsjëéd, idbtobëéd o trmbspdrto lo mbdam`jms ro`mtmlms md
Krupd lo Jbtorosso M`pnm-9>>, "_bjvorsjlmlo Mòxy`vm". Ida m
roluëéd lm maomëm roprosobtmlm pdr osso ospoiáhjid KlJ, m H\A
oxpmblju sou hdid ç tdlm o qum`quor idbtobëéd lo oshdrëds
mimlåajids mbüam`ds.
H\A Snd-: ("Yupdrto \êibjid")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm5 Hdrëm \mrohm Aùvo` Snd-: `jlm ida m

sokurmbëm lo idaputmldros lm Hublmëéd. ]umbld mkobtos aêaotjids
adrtmjs pdloa osprojtmr po`m ostruturm lo lmlds, ostm béd ê
tmrohm híij`.

H\A Snd-=: ("Xobusjmbds")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm5 Hdrëm \mrohm Aùvo` Snd-=: hdj obvjmlm ç

Xobus, ida m ospormbëm lo ostmcoòior uam prosobëm lm Hublmëéd
dblo pdssm tor mtjvjlmlo mbüam`m idbsjlorívo`.
H\A Yjkam-9 ("Cjc`jùkrmhds")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm5 Hdrëm \mrohm Yjkam-9 ê obimrrokmlm lo

oxp`drmr, idaprooblor o ovobtumàobto idbtor m `dim`jzmëéd lo
dutrd aubld lm Cjc`jdtoim ld Wmssmkojrd.

H\A \mu-? ("Ymasmrm")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm5 I`dbos ijcdrkuos jadrtmjs, irjmlds lm

imrbo lo ua lous adrtd, \mu-? utj`jzm mramaobtds osdtêrjids o
oxporjaobtmjs lm Hublmëéd pmrm jbvostjkmr o idbtor maomëms
tmuamtõrkjims, aíkjims o psjübjims.
H\A Wsj-; ("Ao`ndrjm Ldajij`jmr")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm5 Hdrëm \mrohm Aùvo` Wsj-; so ospoijm`jzm

bm jbvostjkmëéd, idbtobëéd o/du load`jëéd soirotm lo idbstruëÿos
mbüam`ms du idbstruëÿos mhotmlms pdr mbdam`jms, oa pmrtjiu`mr
imsms rosjlobijmjs oa íroms pdpu`dsms. Jssd jbiùj m mqujsjëéd
du trmbshoråbijm lo idbstruëÿos mhotmlms pmrm d idbtrdò lm
Hublmëéd, mssja idad dcsorvmëéd jbjijm` o ldiuaobtmëéd lo tmjs
idbstruëÿos, mbtos lm trmbshoråbijm pmrm tjaos lo idbtobëéd
`dim`, pmrm idbtobëéd m `dbkd prmzd du idbtábum.

H\A Daokm-7 ("Mrí Drõb")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm5 Ds "smbtds" lm H\A Daokm-7 séd

idbtruitds jbhdramjs xda ms aoaùrjms lo hubijdbírjds hmòijlds
lm Hublmëéd, impmzos lo so ambjhostmroa mtrmvês ld miossd ç
jbtrmbot lds torajbmjs lm Hublmëéd. _smbld Jlobtjty [mrhmro
\rmjbjbk= (J[\), oòs prdtokoa sous idapmbnojrds lo obtjlmlos o
maomëms jbhdramijdbmjs. M oxjståbijm lm H\A ϊ-7 ê losidbnoijlm
pmrm m amjdrjm du tdlds ds aoacrds vjvds lm Hublmëéd.
H\A Daokm-; ("Imjxm lo Wmbldrm")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm5 Hdrëm \mrohm Aùvo` Daokm-; ê uam hdrëm

tmrohm oxporjaobtm`, ospoijm`jzmlm bm mqujsjëéd o idbtobëéd lo
mbdam`jms, utj`jzmbld obtjlmlos nuambdjlos mbüam`ms
iddpormtjvms, pmrtjiu`mraobto YIW-7;8 o YIW-=7?. Hdrëm \mrohm
Aùvo` Daokm-; hdj ljssd`vjlm o losmtjvmlm6 osto jtoa lovorí sor
loòtmld pdr drloa lm Mlajbjstrmëéd lo Yokurmbëm lo Sokjstrds o
Jbhdramëÿos.

H\A Daokm-=3 ("Imìmbnmr lo Mqujòs")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm5 _am hdrëm tmrohm idapdstm lo

hubijdbírjds ldcrmldros lo rom`jlmlo lm Hublmëéd lo ua ubjvorsd
m`torbmtjvd. Daokm-=3 ê obimrrokmlm lo impturmr jbstãbijms
lo YIW-9<>7-3,
YIW-9<>7-3, kumrlmr ms vírjms obtjlmlos mprjsjdbmlms bm Írom-
=9, o imëmr ldcrmldros lo rom`jlmlo pdlordsds béd-idbtjlds oa
dutrds ùkmros.
H\A Ytjkam-: ("Ovdùju lo Didrråbijms

Bmturmjs lo Obkrobmkobs, M`mvmbims
M`mvmbims o
Wd`jms")
Ajsséd lm Hdrëm \mrohm5 “

Njstdrjimaobto, m Jkroem ld Lous
Njstdrjimaobto,
]uocrmld soapro so drku`ndu bm sum mrtjhjijm`jlmlo - quo sum hê
hdsso prdvmlm ida mrtohmtds tmbkávojs o ljspdsjtjvds aj`mkrdsds
hásjids. Obtéd, qumbld d adaobtd pmrm losostmcj`jzmr m Jkroem
inokdu, m Hublmëéd mprosobtdu ua tjao lo hdremldros, o osto orm
Ytjkam-:.

Dutrms H\As
Hdrëm
Bdao lo iùljkd
iùlj kd Osidpd Dpormijdbm`
Dporm ijdbm`
tmrohm
A\H- Imëmldros lo _am hdrëm-tmrohm oqujpmlm pmrm roiupormr

M`pnm-3: Losidcortm o ro-idbtor dceotds bm suporháijo ùbmr.
• A\H- Ospoijm`jzmlm pmrm obvd`vor obtjlmlos

Mc`mëéd Irux
M`pnm-;; oòtrdamkbêtjims / têrajims.
Hdrëm-tmrohm m`tmaobto i`mssjhjimlm

ospoijm`jzmlm oa `jlmr ida imsds
• A\H- suspojtds lo jbhj`trmëéd jbjajkm lobtrd
Imutorjzmldros
Cotm-= ld possdm` lm Hublmëéd o pdssávojs
vmzmaobtds lo jbhdramëÿos pmrm dutrds
Krupds lo Jbtorosso.
• A\H- Soidrlo Oqujpmld o trojbmld pmrm `jlmr ida

Cotm-: Jbdpormbto obtjlmlos adrtms-vjvms.
Hdrëm-tmrohm trojbmlm pmrm `jlmr ida

Hdrëm-tmrohm
• A\H-
\jao Ndppors crovos oxiursÿos
oxiur sÿos oa `jbnms
`jbnm s ld toapd o /
Cotm-=7
du rom`jlmlos m`torbmtjvms.
_am hdrëm-tmrohm idapdstm pdr mkobtos lm

A\H- Wrdiurmr o Hublmëéd trojbmlds o ospoijm`jzmlds oa
Kmaam-= lostrujr boutrm`jzmr obtjlmlos mbüam`ms o dceotds
quo maomëma d sjkj`d ld idbso`nd ld D?.
_am hdrëm tmrohm lo ijbid ndaobs

• A\H- M trjpu`mëéd ospoijm`jzmlm
ospoijm`jzmlm bm oxoiuëéd lo tmrohms oa
Kmaam-< lo C`dblocomrl macjobtos lo cmjxm m zord krmvjlmlo o
víiud.
Oqujpo lo rospdstm m irjsos trojbmlm bm

mvm`jmëéd jbjijm` o idbtobëéd lo
• A\H Aobjbms ld
oaorkåbijm lo mbdam`jms rmljdmtjvms /
kmam-=79 ríljd
buiòmros o dutrds ovobtds lo m`tm
oborkjm.
Hdramld bd hjbm` lo =:>? idad ua tosto

pmrm d Ypoijm`
Ypoij m` Mssot \msf Hdrio Wrdkrm
Wrdkrmaa
• A\H (uam jbjijmtjvm pmrm oaprokmr possdms
Aéd lo Ym`daéd
Ym`d aéd ida nmcj`jlmlos pmrmbdramjs idad mkobtos
Lo`tm-9
lo imapd), d Lo`tm-9 ostmvm ostmijdbmld
bd Yjto-3<8 sdc d @mkd Yuporjdr lurmbto
sum oxjståbijm. Ljssd`vjld oa =::7 mpùs

m porlm ld sou prjbijpm` Mkobto lo

Mtjvds Ospoijmjs.
Ospoi jmjs.
Hdrëm-tmrohm idbeubtm lm Hublmëéd o lm

_J_, hdramlm bd jbáijd lds mbds 3737
• E\H Idaêrijd @jvro
pmrm hmij`jtmr
hmij`jt mr ms dpormëÿos
dpormëÿ os soòijdbmlms
soòijdbml ms
Lo`tm-9 Drkãbjid
lm Hublmëéd bd @dim` lo Jbtorosso lo
\rås Wdrt`mbls .
Wdrt`mbls .
Ambjpu`mbld m sokurmbëm lo
l o Yjtos quo
idbtåa dceotds YIW oxtroamaobto
porjkdsds du sdc mtmquos idbstmbtos o
mkrossjvds ld KdJ, m Hdrëm-\mrohm
Y\H
Lo Msn Ostmijdbírjm Lo`tm-< idbtêa vírjds
Lo`tm-<
ospoijm`jstms lo idbtobëéd m`tmaobto
trojbmlds, I]C / possdm` aêljid, prdbtds
pmrm rospdblor
rospdbl or m uam map`m
map` m vmrjolmlo lo
lo
oaorkåbijms ld Yjto.
Hdrëm-tmrohm prosuajvoàobto oqujpmlm

• A\H-
\rmvossjms pmrm lovd`vor
lovd`vo r jbljváluds mbüam`ds md sou
s ou
Lo`tm-8
`dim` lo drjkoa.
• A\H- Mtumàobto oapobnmld

o apobnmld oa rmstromr
r mstromr mkobtos
mkobt os
VLM\M AJYYJBKQ
Lo`tm-; DSJM.
Krupd lo trmcm`nd ospoiáhjid pmrm YIW,

• A\H- Yurhjstms lo
propmrmld pmrm
pm rm idacmtor mbdam`jms
m bdam`jms ndstjs
ndst js
Lo`tm-> sdhí
o imrbávdrms.
Hdrëm-tmrohm ospoijm`jzmlm bd trmtmaobtd

lo mbdam`jms ndstjs oa jbstjtujëÿos
• A\H-
Wm`mvrm inmvo oluimijdbmjs. Idapmro ida d A\H Wsj-=>
Lo`tm-=7
("\rmifors lo Wdsso"), quo `jlma ida
hobüaobds sutjs o trmcm`nd soirotd.
Hdrëm-tmrohm ospoijm`jzmlm oa
A\H- Soskmto lo Wéd hjsim`jzmëéd lo sokurmbëm m`jaobtmr
Lo`tm-=9 Adrtd-vjvd títjim. Hdimld mtumàobto bm iobm
kmstrdbüajim
kmstrdbüajim mbüam`m.
Hdrëm-tmrohm ospoijm`jzmlm oa ambusojd o

A\H- Amrmvj`nms ld
ld idbtobëéd lo mbdam`jms oa macjobtos
Lo`tm-=< jbvorbd mcmjxd lo zord du hrjds, du mbdam`jms
ro`mijdbmlms
ro`mijdbmlms ç bovo.
A\H- \mrohm lo adbjtdrmaobtd lo iobtrds lo

Opsj`db- Ms pmrtojrms p`mboemaobtd hmaj`jmr, ndspjtmjs
nd spjtmjs o
> i`ábjims pmrm hjbs lo jlobtjhjimëéd,
rmstromaobtd o idbtobëéd jbjijm` lo

mbdam`jms roprdlutjvms o pmrtds

mbüam`ds.
Kostdros lo
A\H- jbstm`mëÿos,
Hdramld pmrm jbvostjkmr jbstm`mëÿos o
Opsj`db- ds
jbstm`mëÿos jblustrjmjs mbüam`ms.
=3 dcsorvmldros
lo troa
A\H-
Hdrm lm
Opsj`db- Ospoijm`jstm
Ospoijm`jstm oa idacmto m jbiåbljds.
hrjkjlojrm
=<
A\H- Ospoijm`jstm oa dpormr oa `dimjs

Ymõlo o
Opsj`db- põc`jids o ostruturms
o struturms mhotmlms
mho tmlms pdr
sokurmbëm
=? mbdam`jms.
A\H-
Smbkors o
Opsj`db- A\H h`drostm`.
h`drostm `.
Lrujlms
98
A\H-
Mtrjcuáld m "romcj`jtmëéd"
"romcj`jtmëéd " ida cmso oa
Opsj`db- Aobjbds Ldios
Ldio s
possdm` (losimrto
(los imrto prdbubijmld).
prdbubi jmld).
8:
Soadvo rosáluds oxtrmljaobsjdbmjs o

A\H- Lovor ld obtjlmlos quo lmbjhjima du obtdpoa m
Uotm-7 obimbmaobtd Amtrjz Ljaobsjdbm`
Ljaob sjdbm` Mroto bd @mkd
Dbtírjd.
• Hdrëm
Hdrëm-tmrohm lm Hdrëm lo Jbsurrojëéd ld
\mrohm Mrimbeds
Imds lo mkobtos muaobtmlds.
Uotm-9
Hdrëm-tmrohm ospoiáhjim ld YIW,

• A\H-
Mpjiu`tdros mtumàobto roiupormbld jbstãbijms ld
Uotm-<
YIW-=3?8 lm ijriu`mëéd korm`.
A\H @ízmrd Adbtmld pmrm oxoiutmr cdacmrlomaobtd

cda cmrlomaobtd
Uotm-? Mcdajbívojs mêrod pmrm suceukmr mbdam`jms porjkdsms.
Wrdtoko `mëds lo toapd amirdsiùpjids (o

• A\H- Xjmembtos ld tm`voz dutrms mbdam`jms toapdrmjs), coa
Uotm-=7 \oapd idad roluz m idbsijåbijm põc`jim lms
rohorjlms m`ëms.
• A\H-
Uotm- Ytmrlustors _am idòtm
\mrohm lo jbto`jkåbijm
lo jbhj`trmëéd, o lm Hdrëm
rom`jzmbld
Uotm vjkj`ãbijm db-tno-krdubl lo jbljváluds

mbüam`ds lobtrd lds krupds lo

losoapobnd-mrto lo kuorrj`nm, trupos
tomtrmjs sucvorsjvms,
sucvorsjvms, ostõljds lo mrto
suctorrãboms o dutrds ospmëds irjmtjvds
jbsu`mros rosjstobtos ç jbhj`trmëéd.
Irjmld pmrm vjmemr oa uam sêrjo obdrao

A\H-Otm-
=9 \urjstms
Ku``jvor lo lo tõbojs
ospmëd quo so ostoblo
jdbm`,mtrmvês
oxtrm-ljaobsjdbm`,
oxtrm-ljaobs ld bto
id`dqujmàobto
id`dqujmào
idbnoijld idad "\no Kmto".
_a idbtrdò _a osqumlréd lo A\H `dim`jzmld bm

A\H-Otm-
ospoijm` lo Wd`übjm pmrm idbtor mbdam`jms
97
prmkms ro`mijdbmlms
ro`mijdbmlms m mbjamjs.
Wùs- losaoacrmld Amsquormlo A\H

Amsquormlo A\H
lostjbmld m suceukmr ljstõrcjds mbüam`ds
A\H-Otm- Béd tobnm uam
ua m oa íroms rurmjs. Md idbtrírjd ld bdao,
99 vmim, imrm ms mbdam`jms cdvjbms béd séd sum
ospoijm`jlmlo6 bd obtmbtd, oòs ostéd oa
adld lo osporm
ospo rm qumbld boiossírjd.
boi ossírjd.
Imusm o Hdrëm-tmrohm toapdrm` ospoijmàobto

Ohjimz, trojbmlm, hdramlm pmrm japoljr
• A\H-
Idbsuajldros rotrdmtjvmaobto ms vjd`mëÿos lo
Otm-YD
lo \oapd o idbtobëéd. Losidbtjbumld oa 373:, pmrm d
Cddtstrmppors m`ávjd lo tdlds ds obvd`vjlds.
A\H- Imëmldros lo Impturm soirotm lo obtjlmlos urcmbms

\notm-8 Cruxms mbüam`ms.
Hdrëm-\mrohm Béd Aùvo` quo jbiùj

aoacrds ida oxporjåbijm oa
o a ijåbijm lo
• \H-
Aéd jbvjsávo`
jbvjsávo ` rolos, oidbdajm o hjbmbëms.
\notm->
Worambobtoaobto
Idbtobëéd ostmijdbmld
Idbsu`tjvd bd Yjto lo
YIW-3;:=.
Jlobtjhjim o boutrm`jzm jbljváluds o

A\H- Idaprjajlds
poquobds krupds
kru pds bm pdsso lo dceotds
\notm-> Mzujs
mbüam`ds.
A\H- Ljvjséd
Idacmto Dcsfurmfdrps
\notm-=> mbtjssoajtjim
A\H- Load`jëéd soirotm lo ostruturms

Smpsùljm Yuoim
\notm-98 mbüam`ms.
A\H Lousos o _am poquobm

loljimlm hdrëm-tmrohmlo
ç jbvostjkmëéd loobtjlmlos
posqujsm
Jdtm-9: Adbstrds
u`trmpásjims
u`trmpásjim s idad m YIW-

<387 6idapmrtj`nm aujtds aoacrds ida d

<387 6idapmrtj`nm
A\H Kmaam->.
Ospoijm`jzmld bm jbvostjkmëéd lo
A\H-
Lowoy [db sjtumëÿos pd`átjims pdtobijmàobto
Fmppm-3
mbüam`ms bds Ostmlds _bjlds.
Ospoijm`jzm-so oa jbvostjkmëÿos o
mbí`jsos hdrobsos sdcro m imusm lm
oxjståbijm lo uam mbdam`jm du oa imsds
A\H- obvd`vobld mssmssjbmtds du adrtos lo
D`nds prjvmlds
Fmppm-8 hubijdbírjds lm Hublmëéd pdr aojd lo
ijriubstãbijms béd rosd`vjlms. \mrohm
pmrm prdiurmr
prdiurm r o idapj`mr prdvms
ro`mtjvms ç vátjam du mbdam`jm.
• Y\H- _a krupd lo trmcm`nd ospoijm`. Bobnuam

VLM\M AJYYJBKQ
Fmppm-; losirjëéd mljijdbm` lmlm.
A\H- Cmrÿos Ospoijm`jzmlm oa rmstromr o idbtor

Ospoijm`jzmlm
Fmppm-== Xorao`nds mbdam`jms bd mr jbidaubs.
Ospoijm`jzmlm bm boutrm`jzmëéd o
A\H- Osid`m ostí
idbtobëéd lo mbdam`jms oa jbstjtujëÿos
Fmppm-3> hdrm
lo obsjbd.
Ospoijm`jzm-so oa jbiursÿos oa
idbvobëÿos bd aubld mbüam`d quo
A\H-
Fj`èdys imrmitorjzma aujtds ijvjs. Oxoap`ds lo
Fmppm-3:
tmjs idbvobëÿos5 @oj`ÿos
@oj`ÿos lm AI & L o
Yndwrddas Mbmrtjstms
Jbvostjkmbld, idbtobld o, oa m`kubs

A\H- Aobto sdcro m imsds, obiorrmbld hobüaobds
@maclm-: amtêrjm psjübjids. M`kubs
M `kubs aoacrds pdssuoa
impmijlmlos psjübjims.
Ox-Hdrëm-\mrohm prdeotmlm pmrm idbtor

dceotds ld bávo` Fotor quo oxjkjma uam
• A\H- Mrams krmblos
krmblo s
drloa lo smálm lo lmbd m`tm bd imsd lo
@maclm-: lo aorlm
uam vjd`mëéd lo idbtobëéd. Mtumàobto
i`mssjhjimld
i`mssjhjimld idad YIW-9=:>.
Ospoijm`jzm-so oa rmstromr, idbtor o

Ospoijm`jzm-so
oxtorajbmr voraos
A\H-
Idbtrdò lo mbüam`ds. Hroquobtoaobto usmld idad uam
@maclm-
prmkms oqujpo lo prjaojrm rospdstm md rmstromr
=3
drkmbjsads mbüam`ds. Bubim porlj ua
mkobto oa bobnuam lms sums ajssÿos.

_am hdrëm-tmrohm loljimlm m idbtor

A\H
mbdam`jms ida ms qumjs m soxum`jlmlo du
@maclm- Fjbfsnmaors
d soxd / mtrmëéd séd ua hmtdr prjbijpm`
=3
bds ohojtds.
Loaübjds lo Ospoijm`jzm-so oa idbtor loaübjds du

A\H-Au-7
Amxwo`` mbdam`jms ro`mijdbmlms ç loadbd`dkjm.
\mrohm pmrm obidbtrmr iùpjms pdssávojs

• A\H-
Wmsmlobm du jtobs lo ohojtd soao`nmbto md YIW-
Au-8
3:7>.
• A\H- Losimrrokmldro _am hdrëm-tmrohm ospoijm`jzmlm oa `jlmr

Au-; s lo imrrds ida mbdam`jms cmsomlms bm Jbtorbot.
Ospoijm`jstm
Ospoijm`jstm oa jbvostjkmëéd
jbvostjkmëéd jbjijm` o
Ndspjtm`jlmlo obvd`vjaobtd lo pdrtmjs
A\H-Au->
ld Yu` oxtrmljaobsjdbmjs o mbdam`jms oaorkobtos
loòs.
Loljimld ç jbvostjkmëéd, adbjtdrmaobtd,

idbtobëéd o lohosm lo tdlms ms mbdam`jms
irjmlms o ijriu`mlms po`d Krupd lo
A\H-Au- Jbtorosso "Ostêtjim ld Yda
Mr adrtd
=? Ausjim`". Jssd
Js sd jbiùj rmstromr
rms tromr m
`dim`jzmëéd lo sum osid`m, '\no Ausji
Hdublmtjdb dh Mostnotji' o qum`quor
mùbd mbtorjdr du mtum`.
Krupd lo trmcm`nd ospoiáhjid pmrm YIW

A\H-Au- Kmrrms
quo pmssdu pdr oxtobsd trojbmaobtd
<? oshmrrmpmlms
mbtjaoaêtjid
mbtjaoaêtjid o idkbjtjvd-porjkdsd.
idkbjtjvd-porjkdsd.
A\H-Au-
?9 Wdòkmr
Ocort lo Ospoijm`jstm
cmsomlms oa `jlmr du
oa toòvjséd idaijboam.
mbdam`jms
• A\H- Idbtêa mbdam`jms bd @mkd

@jabdhdcjm
Bu-9 Dbtírjd. Ostmijdbmld bd Yjto-37=.
\mrohms ropotjlms vozos ida m

routj`jzmëéd ld YIW-9889 o m provobëéd
• A\H- Idrtmldros Lo lo lmbds oxiossjvds. Mramlds ida
Bu-< Imjxm losuajljhjimldros, uam "rolo aùvo` lo
tucds" o ua sobtjaobtd lo jbljkbmëéd lo
béd imrrokmroa mrams.
Hocro lo
A\H-Bu-? Imcjbo Hdrëm tmrohm ospoiáhjim pmrm YIW

• A\H- Load`jldr lo
Hdrëm-tmrohm ospoiáhjim ld YIW.
Bu-8 iéd trjp`d
• A\H-
VLM\M AJYYJBKQ Bobnuam losirjëéd lmlm.
Bu-=3
_am hdrëm-tmrohm idapdstm pdr

• A\H- Suloz ld obtdad`dkjstms ospoijm`jzmlds bm
Bu-=9 Smsizmf idbtobëéd o o`jajbmëéd lo jbsotds
mbüam`ds.
_am Hdrëm-\mrohm Aùvo` mramlm

Hdrm lms ospoijm`jzmlm oa idacmto ida obtjlmlos
A\H ^j-3 Ydacrms Xobnm lo i`msso ljvjbm, u`trmpjêsjims,
Bùs, Lmrf`y idad YIW-<387 6
YIW-<387 6 ua aoacrd lm Mam`kmamto
Hdrio Dajirdb-<?.
Hdrëm-tmrohm ospoijm`jzmlm bm
• A\H-
Cdly Ybmtinors roiupormëéd obidcortm lo nuambds
^j-9
mbüam`ds lm pdpu`mëéd ijvj`.
Ospoijm`jzmlm oa idbtor poquobms

A\H-^j-> Ypomrnubtors
mbdam`jms lo h`drm o hmubm.
A\H-^j-> Indd Indd Hdrëm-tmrohm ida hdid oa idacmto.
Ospoijm`jzm-so oa idbtor mbdam`jms

• A\H- Yjzzòrs lo
cmsomlms oa m`jaobtds prdluzjlms
prd luzjlms po`d
^j-=:8< Yùkwdrtn
Lr. [dblortmjbaobt.
[dblortmjbaobt.
\mrohm lo rmstromr soirotmaobto o lotor

mtjvjlmlo mbüam`m oa ùkmros lo vm`dr
njstùrjid (ausous, osimvmëÿos
• A\H- mrquod`ùkjims, oti.), dblo m prosorvmëéd
Iurmldros
^j-Fmj lo mrtohmtds béd-mbüam`ds ê lo krmblo
japdrtãbijm.
japdrtãbijm. Mtumàobto pmssmbld pdr
rolosjkbmëéd
rolosjkbmëéd mpùs m aulmbëm lo
idapdrtmaobtd ld YIW-388>.
Kdtns,
Hdrëm-tmrohm ospoijm`jzmlm oa
A\H-Wj- vãblm`ds o
ambjpu`mëéd pd`átjim o aulmbëm
au lmbëm lo
=9 dutrds
rokjao.
lo`jbqðobtos

_am hdrëm-tmrohm loljimlm m provobjr

A\H-Snd-
Wdbtd bd toapd mbdam`jms toapdrmjs / lo vjmkoa bd
?
toapd.
_am hdrëm-tmrohm ospoijm`jzmlm oa

A\H-Snd-
Lojhoimldros idbtor ldcrmldros lo rom`jlmlo lo bávo`
8
cmjxd m aêljd.
aêlj d.
A\H-Snd- A\H oqujpmld pmrm idacmtor

idacmto r mbdam`jms
Idrto o quojam
; cmsomlms oa p`mbtms.
Mtrjcuáld pmrm
pm rm torajbmr tdlms
t dlms ms
A\H-Snd-
Ymaurmjs `jsds obtjlmlos lm i`msso Z `dim`jzmlms bd
=?
Empéd
A\H- Ospoijm`jstm oa idbtobëéd lo mbdam`jms

Ospoijm`jstm
Adbtozuam
Yjkam-= cjd`ùkjims / macjobtmjs.
Soadvo lmlds mbüam`ds du jbhdramëÿos

jbhdramëÿos
A\H- '6 \msfhdrios
Yjkam-? LSDW \MC@O - sdcro hobüaobds
Jbtorbot mbüam`ds
o dutrds sjtos. lo hùrubs lm
_am hdrëm mêrom oa ajbjmturm prdeotmlm

A\H- pmrm hdrboior
hdrboio r supdrto mêrod
mêr od pmrm
Xm`quárjms
Yjkam-: dpormëÿos torrostros du idacmto m
mbdam`jms mêroms.
_am hdrëm-tmrohm loljimlm ç idbtobëéd

A\H- Crmëd lm lo mbdam`jms porjkdsms bd Boxus-7=>,
Yjkam-=7 Wrokujëm amjs idbnoijlm
idbnoij lm idad Y`dtn's
Y`dtn 's Wjt,
[jsidbsjb.
_am hdrëm-tmrohm lo prdpùsjtd

A\H- Ndaoa losidbnoijld, tdlds, oxiotd ua, tobld
Yjkam-== trmcm`nmldr adrrjld bds ovobtds ld Jbijlobto-_SM-
Jb ijlobto-_SM-
=:73.
Hdrëm-tmrohm idapdstm pdr ospoijm`jstms

Hdrëm-tmrohm ospoijm`jstms
• A\H- Ldutdr aêljids, losjkbmlm
los jkbmlm pmrm jlobtjhjimr
j lobtjhjimr o
Yjkam-=3 Hoo`kddls roiupormr mbdam`jms oa macjobtos
ndspjtm`mros.
Mkobtos jbidrpdrmlds
jbid rpdrmlds oa vírjds
v írjds ùrkéds
A\H- Idacmtobtos lo bmijdbmjs roku`mldros lo m`jaobtds.
Yjkam-=9 m`jaobtds Ospoijm`jzmlm oa losjbhdramëéd o
idbtobëéd lo mbdam`jms m`jaobtmros.

Ospoijm`jzmlm bm roiupormëéd lo jtobs

mbüam`ds lo KDJs aobdros o tmacêa
• A\H- Ostj`nmëds oqujpmlm ida toibd`dkjm S_YN o
Yjkam-=> Obokroijlds L_CY\OW.Idapdstd pdr trås osqumlrÿos,
prjbijpmàobto5
prjbijpmàob to5 Cjfor, Wmrfdur
Wm rfdur o Nmifor
Nmifo r
Yqumls.
Ospoijm`jzmlm oa dpormëÿos lo idbtobëéd

lo m`td porhj` oa íroms lobsmaobto
pdvdmlms. Oacdrm
Oa cdrm soem idapdstd
ida pdstd
prjbijpmàobto
prjbijpmàob to lo mkobtos lo dutrms
A\H-
Adsn Wjt hdrëms-tmrohm,
hdrëms-tmrohm, ua osqumlréd lo aoacrds
Yjkam-3=
porambobtos ê ambtjld pmrm
pmr m hmij`jtmr m
rípjlm jap`mbtmëéd o rom`jzmr iortds
prdioljaobtds
prdioljaobtd s lo idbtobëéd
idbtobëé d (pdr
oxoap`d5 Wrdioljaobtd 9;<3-Obidro).
9;<3-Obidro).
Hdrëm tmrohm utj`jzmbld prdeoëéd mstrm`

• A\H-
Imëm-hmbtmsams (Wrdeotd YJKN\YOO) pmrm idbtor
Yjkam-3?
mbdam`jms.
A\H \mu- Íkum, Íkum, Wrosuao-so obvd`vor, roiupormr o tostmr

< \dld @ukmr mbdam`jms cmsomlms oa íkum.
\rmtm lo mbdam`jms ro`mijdbmlms ida m

A\H-\mu-
Cddfwdras Cjc`jdtoim, m Aéd lm Yorpobto o m
:
'amkjm'.
M \msf Hdrio ospoijm`jzdu-so

ospoijm`jzdu -so oa
A\H-\mu- Jbiåbljds roiupormëéd lo torrobds h`drostmjs o
33 h`drostmjs bmturozm rurm`, midapmbnmaobtd o dutrms
ajssÿos.
Ospoijm`jzmlm oa idbtobëéd o
• A\H- Crjkm _rcmbm roiupormëéd lo dceotds YIW lo macjobtos
\mu-?= urcmbds, ospoijmàobto d @dim` lo
Jbtorosso lo \rås Wdrt`mbls.
Ospoijm`jstm bm idbtobëéd (du

A\H-
D hrmsid lo losambto`maobtd) lo mbdam`jms
_psj`db-
vjlrd cjd`ùkjims sdc
s dc d ljshmrio lo bmturozm o
;
prosorvmëéd lm vjlm so`vmkoa.
so`vm koa.
A\H- Idbtêa mbdam`jms obidbtrmlms oa

Kumrbjëéd lo
_psj`db- \drdbtd, Dbtírjd, Imbmlí o íroms
Ndktdwb
37 mlemiobtos. Ostmijdbmld bd Yjto-37=.

Hdrëm-tmrohm idapdstm
Hdrëm-tmrohm
lo ubjlmlos WYN_L
ubjlmlos WYN_L ,
, irjmlms oa aomlds
A\H- Sdcüs
lo 37?3 pmrm idbtor YIW-
_psj`db- m`jobákobms bd
<7==. Ospoijm`jzm-so oa dpormëÿos sdc
?9 ospmëd
idbljëÿos macjobtmjs quo sorjma hmtmjs
pmrm d possdm`
possd m` nuambd.
A\H-
Ospoijm`jstm oa oxp`drmëéd
_psj`db- Iéos mblmùzos
oxtrmljaobsjdbm`.
:7
A\H-Wnj- Wosqujsm o idbtobëéd lo ospêijos o

\wj`jkntors
? obtjlmlos bdturbms mbüam`ms.
Mkobtos ospoijmàobto
ospo ijmàobto trojbmlds,
tro jbmlds,
mramlds ida mbjstjm o obimrrokmlds lo
A\H-Wnj- Mrrmstÿos
roiupormr soirotmaobto ijvjs ida
Od`n Wrdvjlobt
idboxÿos mbüam`ms lm pdpu`mëéd oa
korm`.
A\H-Inj- Kd`lob Wrosuao-so quo soem uam hdrëm-tmrohm

hdrëm-tmrohm
ospoijm`jzmlm bm roiupormëéd lo dutrds
= Sotrjovors
mkobtos.
Ospoijm`jzm-so bm mqujsjëéd, idbtobëéd

o trmbspdrto lo mrtohmtds mbüam`ds quo
• A\H- tåa sjkbjhjimld ro`jkjdsd, séd
Oxdrijstms
Inj-9 jbhùobijmlds pdr rjtumjs ro`jkjdsds du
séd mhotmlds pdr aoljlms lo idbtobëéd
cmsomlms bm hê.
Hdrëm-tmrohm ospoijm`jzmlm oa idbtobëéd

\majros lm
Inj-; lo mbdam`jms ajirdcjd`ùkjims,
Wrmkm
cjdquáajims o pmtdkåbjims.
pmtdkåbjims .
Hdrëm-tmrohm quo trmtm lm lotoiëéd,

A\H-Inj-
Wíkjbm \urbors roiupormëéd o boutrm`jzmëéd lo
:
`jtormturm mbüam`m.
_am hdrëm lo mtmquo iueds aoacrds tåa

pdbtumëÿos oxiopijdbmàob
o xiopijdbmàobto
to m`tms bm
A\H-Wsj-
Iéos Ws`y Osim`m lo Sosjståbijm Wsjübjim Jbmtm lo
8
No`òr-Dtosfj. _smld pmrm mprooblor
obtjlmlos toòpítjims / psjübjims.
Hdramlm idad uam hdrëm-tmrohm

hdrëm-tmrohm idbeubtm
A\H-Wsj- idapdstm pdr possdm` lm Hublmëéd o lm
Mcyss Kmzors
: Idm`jzéd K`dcm`
Wsj-: ê uam lolo
hdrëm Diu`tjsad.
hdrëm lo D A\H
cmtm`néd
trojbmlm oa kuorrm béd idbvobijdbm`

idbtrm jbjajkds jbvmsdros mtrmvês ld

usd lo mrtj`nmrjm posmlm, poriopëéd
mprjadrmlm lo LA\ o Ostrmtmkoams
Ostrmtmkoams idbtrm
Diu`tjsad (IDY).
\mrohm ida lotoiëéd, jlobtjhjimëéd o

A\H-Wsj- Adtjvmldros lo
rmstromaobtd
rmstromaobtd lo aoaos o idapdrtmaobtds
=7 Ams`dw
mbüam`ds.
_am oqujpo ml ndi pmrm `jlmr ida

A\H-Wsj- D Osqumlréd qum`quor irjso du quostéd ro`mijdbmlm m
== lds Lousos ro`jkjéd du ro`jkjéd bm Hublmëéd, soem
oxtorbm du jbtorbm.
_am hdrëm-tmrohm idbeubtm lm Hublmëéd /

KDI m`tmaobto i`mssjhjimlm, prdeotmlm
pmrm m jbhj`trmëéd
jbhj` trmëéd lo drkmbjzmëÿos
drk mbjzmëÿos
• A\H- Imëmldros lo Ymrfji o d obiorrmaobtd
obiorrmaobtd lo aoacrds lo
Wsj-=9 Cruxms m`tm maomëm. Dporírjds séd trojbmlds oa
Ostrmtmkoams idbtrm Diu`tjsad (IDY) o d
usd lo mramaobtds idrrdsjvds /
jbiobljírjds.
A\H-Wsj-
Aírtjros Oqujpo lo rospdstm
ro spdstm ld macjobto
mac jobto ndstj`.
=8
Hdrëm-tmrohm ljshmrëmlm bm mimloajm,

`jlmbld ida hobüaobds mbüam`ds
• A\H- Smstromldros
sutjs. Idapmro ida d A\H Lo`tm-=7
Wsj-=> lo Wdsso
("Mbswor Foy"), quo `jlm ida ovobtds o
obtjlmlos ndstjs du lo m`td porhj`.
_a Osqumlréd A\H loljimld ç posqujsm o

A\H O mssja sdcro
idbtobëéd lo mbdam`jms aujtd porjkdsms
Olbm->< d sou imljbnd
`dim`jzmlms oa vjlodkmaos adlorbds.
IDAD ISJMS _A H\A

Imsd ds edkmldros loijlma edkmr idad m hublmëéd, ê roidaoblívo`
sor lo ua H\A, imsd béd quojrma bobnua lds `jstmlds ê pdssávo`
irjmr ua.

HJINM CÍYJIM H\A

Yáacd`d5
B_AOSMËÉD5TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
B_AOSMËÉD5TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
BDAO5TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
BDAO5TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
TTTTTTTTTTTTT
H_BËÉDTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
H_BËÉDTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
TTTTTTTTTTTTT

ISÊLJ\DY
Yjstoam lo SWK irjmld pdr5 Xjbáijus Mbtdbjd

A.I.\. Amijo`
Idbtêa Jamkobs irjmlms pdr5 YubbyI`difwdrf
Macjobtmëéd/Njstùrjm5 YIW Hdublmtjdb
Wmstm pmrm dutrds Mrqujvds5
nttps5//lrjvo.kddkò.ida/dpob4jl1=k7HmNdNB\t
U;rZ[[z`l[D7:jFUc3FOhk
U;rZ[[z`l[D7:jFUc3FOhk
M\OBËÉD
Osso SWK ê irjmld lo hé pmrm hé, pdrtmbtd m voblm
losto mrqujvd ê jòkm`, tdld d idbtoõld kormld m
pmrtjr lm YIW Hdublmtjdb ê `jiobijmld po`d
Iromtjvo Idaadbs Mttrjcutjdb-YnmroM`jfo 9.7
@jiobso. Yobld mpobms õbjim o oxiùsjvmaobto d
sjstoam lo SWK (soa m macjobtmëéd du njstùrjm
mprosobtmlms mquj) portobiobto md irjmldr losto
mrqujvd. ]um`quor adljhjimëéd du mljëéd lo
idbtoõld ê coa-vjblm, loslo quo ds lovjlds
irêljtds soema lmlds tmbtd md irjmldr ld sjstoam,
qumbtd mds irjmldros/id`mcdrmldros lm YIW
Hdublmtjdb. Wdrtmbtd ljvjrtma-so o cdbs edkds!
Jbhdramëÿos lo Idbtmtd5
Jbstmkrma5 Gsr.maobldms
Oamj`5 mbtdbjdaitamijo
mbtdbjdaitamijo`Gkamj`.ida
`Gkamj`.ida
Imsd quojrma ljsiutjr sdcro du meulmr bd
losobvd`vjaobtd ld prdeotd

H - Blmëéd H - Blmëéd Y.I.W. Y.I.W.: Yokurmr-Idbtor-Wrdtokor Yokurmr-Idbtor-Wrdtokor

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H - Blmëéd H - Blmëéd Y.I.W. Y.I.W.: Yokurmr-Idbtor-Wrdtokor Yokurmr-Idbtor-Wrdtokor

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>-Hdrëms \mrohms...................píkjbm <8

Mblrdjlo- Jbto`jkåbijms mrtjhjijmjs usmlms oa dpormëÿos lo

Aoimnuambd- nuambds ida pmrtos aoiãbjims, oa sum amjdrjm aoacrds

Losidbnoijlm- Yoros prdvjblds lo mbdam`jms du YIWs ambtjlds

Wsáqujid- idbtrd`o lo possdms du dceotds mtrmvês lm aobto,

Hásjid- Aulmbëms idrpdrmjs du bm hdram ida m qum` so jbtormko

Oòaobtm`- idbtrdò o ambjpu`mëéd lo oòaobtds quáajids mtrmvês

Ds pdbtds roiocjlds pmrm soroa ljstrjcuálds oa mtrjcutds, m imlm

Ms qumbtjlmlos lo nmcj`jlmlos usmlms pdr imlm rmëm tmacêa séd

Mblrdjlos5 3 nmcj`jlmlos (sobld prdjcjld nmcj`jlmlos

Nuambd- (Wdbtds lo Xjlm5 ?7)

Losidbnoijlm- (Wdbtds lo Xjlm5 =77)

Bávojs o porádld lo aoadrjms mpmkmlms5

=- Aoadrjms lo mtê = ndrm mtrís

@or pobsmaobtds5 ida d pmssmr lds bávojs m ljstãbijm boiossírjm

Bávojs o ljstãbijm aíxjam5

Idbhuséd aobtm`5 idbhublo d m`vd mtjbkjbld, hmzobld ida quo d

Ostmld imtmtübjid5 d m`vd mtjbkjld hjim pmrm`jsmld pdr 3 turbds,

@dcdtdajm5 md sor tdimld d m`vd mtjbkjbld dcoloio m drlobs lmlms

Iokuojrm5 md sor tdimld d m`vd mtjbkjbld hjim ida iokuojrm pdr

Yurloz5 md sor tdimld d m`vd mtjbkjbld hjim surld pdr iorim lo 3

Béd pdr tdrbm

C`dquomr pobsmaobtds5 japolo quo m aobto soem `jlm pdr dutrds,

Hm`mr Ida Mbjamjs5 boiossírjd ? pdbtds oa rmijdiábjd.

Xo`dijlmlo5 porajto losvjmr lo mtmquos o vmbtmkoa oa ro`mëéd md

@ovjtmëéd5 porajto o`ovmr d idrpd ld sd`d, m m`turm muaobtm

=- 7,? aotrds ld inéd

Aulmbëm lo Mpmråbijm5 porajto aulmr m mpmråbijm, boiossírjd 8

\o`opdrto5 amtorjm`jzmr-so oa dutrd `dim`, ljstãbijm aíxjam lo

Jadrtm`jlmlo5 soapro quo ds pdbtds lo vjlm inokmroa m 7, o`os

pdbtds pmrm imlm mëéd, 9 adrtos ’ 9 pdbtds o mssja

@mbëmr Hdkd5 porajto `mbëmr prdeêtojs mtê uam ljstãbijm lo =7

Idacustéd(hdkd)5 porajto jbiobljmr dceotds ida d qum` so obtrm

@mbëmr Smjds5 porajto `mbëmr prdeêtojs mtê uam ljstãbijm lo =7

Smjd `uajbdsd5 hojxo lo rmjd lo im`dr mtjbkjbld uam ljstãbijm lo

Iuspjr Íijld5 `mbëmr `áqujld íijld m uam ljstãbijm lo > aotrds.

Idaubjimëéd ida aíqujbms (aotm`)5 boiossírjd 9 pdbtds oa

Aotm`fjbosjs5 advjaobtmëéd lo dceotds aotí`jids ida mtê =7 fk o

\jpd Lmbd Wosd(fk) Wdbtds lo Mtrjcutd

M\OBËÉD5 pmrm so usmr amjs lo uam mram, sdam-so ds pdbtds lo

Oqujpmaobtd I`msso5 M + 37 oa lohosm. (mkuobtm 9 mtmquos

Oqujpmaobtd I`msso5 C + =? oa lohosm. (mkuobtm 3 mtmquos

Oqujpmaobtd I`msso5 I + =7 oa lohosm.

Oqujpmaobtd I`msso5 L + ? oa lohosm.

Oqujpmaobtd Wsáqujid I`msso5 C + ? oa lohosm psáqujim.

Oqujpmaobtd Wsáqujid I`msso5 M + =? oa lohosm psáqujim.

Wmrm mtmquo ida mrams lo hdkd usm-so5 =l37 + lmbd lm mram.

Wmrm lohosm usm-so =l37 + Lostrozm (+ oqujpmaobtd so nduvor).

Wmrm mtmquo lo nmcj`jlmlos usm-so =l37 + mtrjcutds boiossírjds

Wmrm lohosm lo nmcj`jlmlos psáqujims usm-so =l37 + Worsovormbëm

Imsd m lohosm soem aobdr quo d mtmquo, d m`vd porlorí pdbtds lo

uam irjmturm hmz ua mtmquo ljrotd md ua edkmldr.

Wdbtds oa hdrëm lm irjmturm5 ?

Edkmldr porlo ? pdbtds lo vjlm.

_a edkmldr usm m nmcj`jlmlo ‐ostmld imtmtübjid‑ oa ua m`vd.

Sosu`tmld L375 =<

Wdbtds oa jbto`jkåbijm boiossírjds5 ?

Wdbtds oa jbto`jkåbijm ld edkmldr5 8

Edkmldr idbsokuo usmr m nmcj`jlmlo.

Edkmldr M mtmim ida uam `ãajbm.

Sosu`tmld L85 <

Wdbtds oa hdrëm5 <

Mtmquo5 =7 + < + < 1 =>