TALLER 1

1. Los diámetros del émbolo que muestra la figura son D1=3 pulg y D2=1.5 pulg.
Determine la presión, en psia, en la cámara, cuando las demás presiones son
P1=150 psia y P2=250 psia.

2. Warm air is contained in a piston-cylinder assembly oriented horizontally as

shown in the figure. The air cools slowly from an initial volume of 0.003 m^3
to a final volume of 0.002 m^3. During the process, the spring exerts a force
that varies linearly from an initial value of 900 N to a final value of zero. The
atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa, and the area of the piston face is 0.018
m^2. Friction between the piston and the cylinder wall can be neglected. For
the air in the piston-cylinder assembly, determine the initial and final
pressures, each in kPa and atm.

3. A 0.15-m-diameter pulley turns a belt rotating the driveshaft of a power plant

pump. The torque applied by the belt on the pulley is 200 N-m, and the power
 transmitted is 7 kW. Determine the net force applied by the belt on the pulley,
in kN, and the rotational speed of the driveshaft, in RPM.

4. A gas is contained in a vertical piston–cylinder assembly by a piston with a

face area of 40 in^2 and weight of 100 lbf. The atmosphere exerts a pressure
of 14.7 lbf/in^2 on top of the piston. A paddle wheel transfers 3 Btu of energy
to the gas during a process in which the elevation of the piston increases by
1 ft. The piston and cylinder are poor thermal conductors, and friction between
them can be neglected. Determine the change in internal energy of the gas,
in Btu.

5. Las necesidades de alumbrado de un almacén se satisfacen con 6 luminarias

fluorescentes, cada una con 4 lámparas de 60 W cada una. Todas las
lámparas están encendidas durante las horas de funcionamiento del
almacén, de 6 a.m. a 6 p.m., 365 días por año. En realidad, el almacén se
usa un promedio de 3 h por día. Si el costo de la electricidad es $0.08 kWh,
calcule la cantidad de energía y dinero que se ahorraría si se instalaran
detectores de movimiento. También calcule el periodo de recuperación de la
inversión si el precio de compra del detector es $32, y se necesita 1 hora para
instalarlo, a un costo de $40 de mano de obra.

6. En un salón de clases que normalmente aloja a 40 personas se instalarán

unidades de aire acondicionado con capacidad de enfriamiento de 5 kW. Se
puede suponer que una persona en reposo disipa calor a una tasa de
alrededor de 360 kJ/h. Además, hay 10 focos en el aula, cada uno de 100 W,
y se estima que la tasa de transferencia de calor hacia el aula a través de las
paredes es de 15 000 kJ/h. Si el aire en el aula se debe mantener a una
temperatura constante de 21 °C, determine el número de unidades de aire
acondicionado requeridas.

7. An oil pump is drawing 44 kW of electric power while pumping oil with r 5 860
kg/m3 at a rate of 0.1 m3/s. The inlet and outlet diameters of the pipe are 8
cm and 12 cm, respectively. If the pressure rise of oil in the pump is measured
to be 500 kPa and the motor efficiency is 90 percent, determine the
mechanical efficiency of the pump.
8. Una turbina eólica gira a 15 rpm bajo la influencia de vientos estables que
fluyen por la turbina a una tasa de 42000 kg/s. La medición de la velocidad
en el extremo del aspa de la turbina da 250 km/h. Si la turbina produce 180
kW de potencia, determine a) la velocidad promedio del aire y b) la eficiencia
de conversión de la turbina. Tome la densidad del aire como 1.31 kg/m3.

9. A gas is contained in a vertical piston–cylinder assembly by a piston with a

face area of 40 in.2 and weight of 100 lbf. The atmosphere exerts a pressure
of 14.7 lbf/in2 on top of the piston. A paddle wheel transfers 3 Btu of energy
to the gas during a process in which the elevation of the piston increases by
1 ft. The piston and cylinder are poor thermal conductors, and friction between
them can be neglected. Determine the change in internal energy of the gas,
in Btu.

10. Four kilograms of carbon monoxide (CO) is contained in a rigid tank with a
volume of 1 m3. The tank is fitted with a paddle wheel that transfers energy
to the CO at a constant rate of 14 W for 1 h. During the process, the specific
internal energy of the carbon monoxide increases by 10 kJ/kg. If no overall
changes in kinetic and potential energy occur, determine:
(a) the specific volume at the final state, in m3/kg.
(b) the energy transfer by work, in kJ.
(c) the energy transfer by heat transfer, in kJ, and the direction of the heat
transfer.

11. A vertical piston–cylinder assembly with a piston of mass 25 kg and having a

face area of 0.005 m2 contains air. The mass of air is 2.5 g, and initially the
air occupies a volume of 2.5 liters. The atmosphere exerts a pressure of 100
kPa on the top of the piston. The volume of the air slowly decreases to 0.001
m3 as energy with a magnitude of 1 kJ is slowly removed by heat transfer.
Neglecting friction between the piston and the cylinder wall, determine the
change in specific internal energy of the air, in kJ/kg.
12. As shown in the figure, a gas contained within a piston– cylinder assembly,
initially at a volume of 0.1 m3, undergoes a constant-pressure expansion at 2
bars to a final volume of 0.12 m^3, while being slowly heated through the
base. The change in internal energy of the gas is 0.25 kJ. The piston and
cylinder walls are fabricated from heat-resistant material, and the piston
moves smoothly in the cylinder. The local atmospheric pressure is 1 bar. For
the gas as the system, evaluate work and heat transfer, each in kJ.

13. The Figure shows a gas contained in a vertical piston–cylinder assembly. A

vertical shaft whose cross-sectional area is 0.8 cm2 is attached to the top of
the piston. The total mass of the piston and shaft is 25 kg. While the gas is
slowly heated, the internal energy of the gas increases by 0.1 kJ, the potential
energy of the piston–shaft combination increases by 0.2 kJ, and a force of
1334 N is exerted on the shaft as shown in the figure. The piston and cylinder
are poor conductors, and friction between them is negligible. The local
atmospheric pressure is 1 bar and g 5 9.81 m/s2. Determine, (a) the work
done by the shaft, (b) the work done in displacing the atmosphere, and (c) the
heat transfer to the gas, all in kJ. (d) Using calculated and given data, develop
a detailed accounting of the heat transfer of energy to the gas.
14. Complete esta tabla para el H2O: