BACH LIFE SAVER

COMPARAR PRESENTES

 I PLAY – I DON’T PLAY – DO YOU PLAY? (simple)

o SOMETIMES , ALWAYS……….(adverbios de frecuencia)
o EVERY…….. ON………….(habitos y rutinas)
o KNOW, BELIEVE , WANT…………..(verbos de sentimento)
 I’M PLAYING – I’M NOT PLAYING - ARE YOU PLAYING? (continuo)
o NOW……………….(en el momento de hablar)
o TODAY, TONIGHT,THIS WEEK ETC…………….(tiempos no terminados)
o LOOK, LISTEN………………….(exclamaciones)

COMPARAR PASADOS

 I PLAYED - I DIDN’T PLAY – DID YOU PLAY? (simple)

o YESTERDAY, LAST YEAR ETC, AGO………………(cuando termino)
o DESPUES DE “WHEN”
 I WAS PLAYING – I WASN’T – PLAYING – WERE YOU PLAYING? (continuo)
o ANTES DE “WHEN”
o DESPUES DE “WHILE”
o YESTERDAY AT 12.30………………..(horas concretas)

COMPARAR PERFECTOS

 I HAVE PLAYED – I HAVEN’T PLAYED – HAVE YOU PLAYED? (simple)

o NEVER , EVER,………………..(adverbios de frecuencia)
o ALREADY, STILL………..( + / ? …entre have y verbo)
o YET………………(- / ?....al final)
o FOR, SINCE………….(desde hace….. desde…..)
o ACCION ACABADA……………..(no se sabe cuando)
o CUANTOS VECES SE HA HECHO ALGO
 I HAVE BEEN PLAYING – I HAVEN’T BEEN PLAYING – HAVE YOU BEEN PLAYING? (continuo)
o FOR 2 HOURS , ALL DAY ETC…………………..(cuanto tiempo ha durado)
o AUN SIGUE AL ACCION…………….(frase que explica la continuacion)
 I HAD PLAYED – I HADN’T PLAYED – HAD YOU PLAYED? (pasado)
o ANTES DE “BEFORE”
o DESPUES DE “AFTER”
o ACCION ANTES DE UN PASADO SIMPLE.
o BY THE TIME …………..(para cuando)
o NEVER , EVER,………………..(adverbios de frecuencia)

COMPARAR FUTUROS

 I WILL PLAY – I WON’T PLAY – WILL YOU PLAY? (simple)

o DEFINITLY……………..(Seguro)
o DECISIONES, PROMESAS, OFRECIMIENTOS………..(en el momento de hablar)
o THINK, BELIEVE ………………(predicciones por opinion)
o 1º CONDICIONAL
 I PLAY – I DON’T PLAY – DO YOU PLAY? (presente simple)
o HORARIOS FIJOS…………………(ya escritas, vuelos etc)
 I’M PLAYING – I’M NOT PLAYING – ARE YOU PLAYING? (presente continuo)
o THIS WEEKEND ETC ………………………….(ya has queadado con alguien)
 I’M GOING TO PLAY – I’M NOT GOING TO PLAY – ARE YOU GOING TO PLAY?
o IDEA YA EN LA CABEZA ANTES DE HABAR
o PREDICCIONES ………………….(es evidente que algo va a pasar)
 I WILL BE PLAYING – I WON’T BE PLAYING – WILL YOU BE PLAYING (continuo)
o THIS TIME NEXT WEEK ETC………………….(accion que estara en marcha)
 I WILL HAVE PLAYED – I WON’T HAVE PLAYED – WILL YOU HAVE PLAYED? (perfecto)
o BY NEXT WEEK, BY THE TIME…………………….(accione que habra terminada)
TIME EXPRESSIONS …………………….. (seguidos por present simple / present perfect)
AFTER – despues de ……AS – cuando…….AS SOON AS - en cuanto…..BEFORE – antes de
BY THE TIME - para cuando…..UNTIL – hasta que…...WHEN – cuando……….WHILE – mientras

RELATIVOS – who, which, where, when ……………whose (+ nombre)

 DEFINING……NECESITA UN ORACION RELATIVO PARA TENER SENTIDO

o THERE ARE LOTS OF FANS. THEY LOVE SHAKIRA. - There are lots of fans who love Shakira
o SE PUEDE OMITIR CUANDO HAY DIFERENTE SUJETO DE LA PRIMERA FRASE
– THERE ARE LOTS OF FANS. SHAKIRA SINGS TO THEM – There are lots of fans Shakira sings to.
 NON-DEFINING ………….APORTA INFORMACION NO NECESARIA
o THE BOY THOUGHT IT WAS A BORING FILM. HE WAS TOO YOUNG TO UNERSTAND – the boy, who
was too young to understand, thought it was a boring film.
o SIEMPRE ENTRE COMAS
o NO SE PUEDE OMITIR EL PRONMOBRE.

MODALES

 HABILIDAD – BE ABLE TO / CAN / COULD…………. (similar a saber como)

 PERMISO – CAN / COULD ………..BE ALLOWED TO………… (tener permiso)

 POSIBILDAD – MAY / MIGHT / COULD (puede que)

 DEDUCCION –
MUST BE – SEGURO QUE SI - CIERTO
CAN’T BE – SEGURO QUE NO – IMPOSIBLE

 OBLIGACION –
MUST – DEBER POR LEY Ó MORAL………….. (tu mismo)
HAVE TO – TENER QUE……………… (externa)
DON’T HAVE TO - NO HAY OBLIGACION

 NECESIDAD - NEED –
NEEDN’T – NO HAY NECESIDAD

 SHOULD / OUGHT TO – DEBERIA …………(consejos)

PASIVA…………..BE + VERBOS PRINCIPAL EN PARTICIPIO

 TODOS LAS MODIFICACCIONES SOBRE “BE”

 NO SE PONE EL AGENTE SI NO ES ALGUIEN CONCRETO
 2 OBJETOS – a elegir cual sera el sujeto
Tom bought his son a new car A new car was bought for him by his father / He was bought a new car by his father

CONDITIONALES

 0 – IF + PRESENT SIMPLE + PRESENTE SIMPLE (seguro que pasa)

 1 – IF + PRESENTE SIMPLE + WILL (probable)
 2 - IF + PASASDO SIMPLE + WOULD (improbable)
3 – IF + PASADO PERFECT + WOULD HAVE (imposible)

INDIRECTO

 FRASES – UN PASO ATRAS EN TIEMPO VERBAL. OJO CON LOS PRONOMBRES Y POSESSIVOS
 ORDENES
o AFRIMATIVO –TOLD ……TO
o NEGATIVO – TOLD…….NOT TO
o PREGUNTAS – NO HACES PREGUNTA
o YES / NO – IF
o WHERE / WHAT etc se repite el interrogativo
o VERBOS DE SUSTITUCION – ADVISE / INVITE / SUGGEST / REMIND
“Please come to my party” she said – she invited me to her party
“What about going to the cinema?” I said – I suggested going to the cinema.