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Nanotechnology-exercises.pdf
15 pages of nanotech exercises 4 da exam

3º Nanotechnology

Grado en Ingeniería de Materiales

Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Caminos, Canales y Puertos

Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

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totalidad.
a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-2640223

dot contains a confined electron A

A quantum
photon enters the dot and imparts additional
to the confined electron causing it to
energy
the state to the n 3 state
jump from grounddiameter D dot
what size would the of the electron
have to be in order to keep the excited
confined E I2 When E n E ng the
In 2 8mL
its energy

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2
e
El n n
Es 9 changes
8mL
and its length too
n
I up

I FEI Eof tEI

confine the
to e

the temperature at which cube

Determine a
of
side becomes quantum confined
gold of 3 am on a

via the metal to insulator transition The density

of gold is
of 19300image and its atomic mass of197
Volume ne fNA i93
143T BE NAME
ENI p
2,7
3
to
9
to
26mis
MA
197
5,9 1022cm3
Cette
FIE EEnte km
ae
se 1k 54
AE FEI AE THE
i
10 37
a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-2640223

20
7,426 10 J 1,38 lo 231 T 53,81 46 K

The electron potential well

wave
function 4 x
of an

and width L is given by

of finitedepth
4 x Ae for x to

4x F sin Kx Goes Kx for OE X EL

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G
4Cx Be
for x L

a Given F G 5 K and C 2 determine A

4x 5 sin x 5 cos x Aek

So I A A
4 o 5 sin O t 5 cos o Ad
b What is 140

H o 5 sin o t 5 cos o 5
determine the values L B
c Given 441 4 o
state
of
this the ground
if
wave
function corresponds
414 410
144 Be
2h
5 t.IE EE
144 s senuits.scy.es t
2
YCL Be 5 Be 5
B H
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d The same as but the ware function

c

to the 3rd lowest level

corresponds
4L 4 o n 3
a
144 Be 5
23 2
4 L Be B Se

5
Ses
n 3 L 2n l p ggy
3 318 107

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A diK
diameter
edq uantum dot
of 8mm
the nearest
of
is
separated from
electrode
by glass with a
permitivity of
4.43 10 Em

Determine the
a needed to increase
energy 1 electron
on the dot
piste energy by
Sphere 21
o.e.at ea
19 J I eV
9 3 10 21 I G lo
J 21 58 I met
9,3 to CJ 0 058 eV

b Using the rule

of the thumb for the
the below which
5 determine temperature
is
quantum confinement possible

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IOKBT Ea J KBT IoKBT

Ec KrgT

K
T C
s T TT e 67,39
I 38 10 23 3 10
KB
10

A al quantum dot embedded in silicon

dioxide which has a dielectric constant of 4 5

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is to have a charging energy of 96 mev
found
what is its diameter
3 1,5361529J
96 10 fell
M J
1 eV 1,6 lo

i soo to
2
3 iI s af
ZI E d
4.5 E ErEo 4,5 f 8,85 lo REM 3,9825 to En
19 2 9
1,6 to 3,33nm
d 20 3,33 10
Z 21T 3,982515 1,536.10

what values must the

charging
At temperature
room
and the tunnelling resistance be
energy to ensure no unwanted
than
significantly greater a quantum
electron occurs to or
from
tunnelling
dot
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T 298 K

RtuT
25i8
A E T Ec p do 2 2 516555
Rt
8
A quantum dot has a capacitance of 2 at co

a what is the smallest incremental change that

between the dot
can be made to the gebias
and the source electrode

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V
8 e 1.6.10 Cc 801mV
v 908 V
dot T.io
b when this quantum dot is incorporated into a
electron transistor it's that the gate
single found
is
voltage at which electron tunnelling occurs
110mV Over what range of gatevoltage can we
dot
there to be the 3 electrons of the
expect
2 t 2BV 110 mV t 2 80 mV 270 mu
Vq
3 Vq t 3AN no Cmv t 3 80 mV 350Cmv

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The electronic configuration silver is Kr 4d 5s

of
and its Fermi is 548 eV Determine
energy
the maximum number atoms in the
of particle Ag
to guarantee quantum confinement at 100 C

BE EI nu EI 10786
47
KBT
Ag
my

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DE KrgT 4dBs

TeV 1,6 10 J 3
548.116 101915
19
5,48eV 8,768 10 J
n 4g i 38.10231 41001273 3
n 227 H l

what is the maximum size forGaAs quantum

dot disk shaped to have quantum confinement
normalised
The dielectric constant is 13,2 the
mass is 0,06 and its Bohr
radius is
effective
2
5,3 10 nm

a'E I O
so.io

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Determine the En water quartz

punitively of
and polyethylene which these materials is
of
the best dielectric
Er SiOz 3.7 45 Dermitivity 3.7 4.51 8,85 to In
Er Polyethylene 2,5 Permitivity 2.5 8,85 lo Fn

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Er water 80 8,85 to
80 Pamitivity In
water is the best dielectric

The ionosphere so soo km has a density of

electrons that is the same as a metal's
electron 106 electrons
the density is
a
Ifcubic centimetre determine the
free
per plasma
the in Hertz Hz
frequency of ionosphere

fp fMe6kg3 Eo En
5638 107cuz

radiation with
metal transparent to
b
frequencies
A is
electron
higher than free plasma frequency usually
the UV range and reflecting at lower wavelengths
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Determine the wavelengths at which the ionosphere

becomes
transparent and reflecting at lowerfrequencies

2
3.1081
2
I 5,638107 Hz
5 321 m

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Is it transparent at least to some
c
radio waves 7

Yes since radio waves frequency can gofrom I 100

Hz AM frequencies

The damping frequency of a metal's free electrons

is determined the inverse time between
by of
kiss ions for the free electrons
In how does minimising the size of a
a
general
metal particle affect the damping frequency why

8particle 8bulk jtag IEEEftp.YEIEIAR

4
Badj
ZfmT
I
the
b not the damping frequency as a function of
to volume ratio a silver
particle with a
surface for
radius 1 to 100 non The damping V
varying from 1013 Hz The Fani velocity
the bulk metal is y 2.7
of
is v F 1,4 10 ms
a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-2640223

8lHz

i i
it
1015
n
S
I 3 1,077 10 1013 i
12,5 0,24 till 10 t l l I
1013 1
69 10210 100 101
25 0,12
1013
SO 0,06 4,8
75 0,04 4,17 1013

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100 0103 3,75 10 B
linear
c Is the plot curve linear or exponential

The equation determining the permitivity of the

for
electrons in a metal has both real and
free

a
parts
Using
values
imaginary
given
create a
plot of
the real
and the
imaginary parts of
the punitivity of an

aluminium particle to Cnn in diameter over wavelengths

from 1 to 200 nm
Foe of 10am
E I
Iyz
g
real
sparkles Bulk t
Yp
5,527 10MHz
E imaginary
g

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b At what wavelength does the real part transition

to negative
go frompositive
E o 1
gzfIj f fp 82
S
f Tf
o4P 3,56 10 Hz I
F.io
X
f
8
8,43 10 Em

Reservados todos los derechos. No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
c Over whatrange of wavelengths does the Al
behave like a dielectric
forescent
E 0 X E 84,33 nm

d what does the the

imaginary partof permitivity
indicate looking at the curve the imaginarypart
would
of
aluminium to be or transparent
you expect opaque
at wavelengths below 40 nm

E indicates the lost 2340

The
imaginary energy for
The material is transparent

Solar radiation in the wavelength rangeof290 400

nm burns our skin
what the EU spectrum do these
range of
a

wavelengths correspond to

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It corresponds to ultraviolet skin

b A batch with band gaps ranging

of particles
3.0 to S EV is prepared for use in sunscreen
3
from
what percentageof the harmful wavelengths can
this range particles absorb
of
x
II GO.iofIs4o iaj9Ef ui4 io

7m3Xz

Reservados todos los derechos. No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
6163.103915.53 3 081 3
ghfe I9
3,55 IO Ym
356,6 to
4 34
absorbed too 41,8
0

visiblelight is focused at a thin

In
photolithography This can
a
filmof photosensitive polymer
on
surface
make the the harder In
exposed portions of polymer
this way we can define raised features a surface
on

what is the thinnest polymer line we could create

the conducted in air using a lens
using process if
with a collecting angle 507
of
limit of
Yo
A Resolution a light microscope
z
9
1122 400 10 m t
3 185 lo m 318,5 nm
z.z.si
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The luminosity the sun is 3,827 1026 Ew being

ofis
power it
a W I This the approximate emits
in all directions
range of photon wavelengths
over a

out into the solar The distance from the

system
000 1km3
Earth to the sun is approximately 150.000

Reservados todos los derechos. No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
The Earth's diameter is 12756 km

a
Assuming no photons are absorbed or
scattered in between the sun and the
space
Earth how much of this power is incident
on

the Earth's surface

2
4ThRs
2
4I 45 lOtYm 2,827 1023 m2
Sir e
7 2
T R
2
TL 112102 1 13 Io m2
SeanE
1 131014 m2 A
B 3,827 1026 w 1,529 10 few
Pe a

Sn
b We assume that 40 of the sun's total luminosity
is emitted at a wavelength of 550 nm This happens to
be yellowishlight what is the energy 1in Joules of
a

this wavelength
single photon with
3 108 s
to34
G sI 1
E 2 550 nm h f 6,63
Sso lo91m13
19 2 26 ev
3,616 10 CJ
a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-2640223

c How photons with this wavelength are

many
incident on the Earth every second
550 nm
ph
61116 10161W
7 550 nm 40 total 0,4
p pe
4116 lo
I 69to 103511
Nph y
second's

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d what is the momentum carried by a

bound
worth these 550 am wavelength earth
photons
of
Momentum

k
pm f Nph 619
4
94
1,691 10354

2,03 108L

heaviest train ever 99790321 It

e the pulled How Kg
had 5648 wheels over 7 Km long fast
could this train have to travel to have a
the worked out
momentum
equal to photons just
99790321
mass kg
2,03101 m
train 2,043 s
321

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lformula.ee
s8 bits
sbyte
1 bit 2.104 e
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OFNENLmmT.IE E TEE Elk

Reservados todos los derechos. No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
wmedaNeI volume

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alot

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