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d ( a , b ) =|b−a|n a
|xy|=|x|| y| a c b a c ad
÷ = = =
a+ 0=a a+ (−a )=0=(−a ) + a b d c b d bc
1 1 d
a 1=a a =1= a
a a
a c ac a
= ad =bc =
b d bc b
0 b an
=0 =indefinido a 0=1 a1=a an am=an+ m m =an−m (a∗b)n =an∗bn
b 0 a
n n n −n
a a 1 a
( ) = n (a¿¿ n)m=an∗m √ an=a m a−n = n ( ) =¿¿
m
b b a b
√
√ a n a n m n m n m∗n
n
√ a∗√ b= √a∗b n = ( √a ) = √a m √√ a= √ a
n n n
√b b
m r
log a ( m∗n )=log a m+ log a n log a =log a m−log a n log a m =¿ r∗log a m¿
n
1
1
log a √n m=log a mn = log a m log a a=1 ln 1=0 ln e=1 lne x =x e ln x = x
n
ax +bx=x ( a+b ) x 2+ bx+ c=( x+ r ) ( x + s )
ax +bx +ay +by =x ( a+ b ) + y ( a+b )=( a+ b ) ( x + y )
a 2−b2= ( a+b )( a−b ) ax 2 +bx +c=( px +r ) ( qx+ s )
x + 2 xy + y =( x + y )
2 2 2 2
3 3 2 2 3
( x ± y ) =x ± 3 x y +3 xy ± y
a + b =( a+b ) ( a −2 ab+a )
3 3 2 2
( a+ b )2 + ( a−b )2=2 ( a 2+ b2 )
−b ± √ b2−4 ac
x=
2a
UNIDAD 3 TRIGONOMETRÍA
1 1 1 sin θ cos θ
csc θ= sec θ= cot θ= tan θ= cotθ=
sin θ cos θ tan θ cos θ sin θ
2 2 2 2 2 2
sin θ +cos θ =1 tan θ +1=secθ 1+cot θ =csc θ
sin ( A+ B )=sin A cos B+ cos A sin B cos (A + B)=cos A cos B−sin A sin B
tan A +tan B tan A−tan B
tan ( A+ B ) = tan ( A−B )=
1−tan A tan B 1+ tan A tan B
2 2 2 2
sin 2 x=2 sin x cos x cos 2 x=cos x −sin x =2cos x−1=1−sin x
2 tan x
tan2 x= 2
1=sin 2 θ+ cos2 θ 2cos θ=cos 2 θ−sin2 θ
1−tan x
θ
sin =±
2 √
1−cos θ
2
θ
cos =±
2
1+cos θ
2
θ
tan =¿ ±
2 √
1−cos θ
1+cos θ
¿
√
2 2 2 2 2 2 a b c
c =a + b a =b + c −2 bc∗cos A = =
sin A sin B sin C
b∗h 2 2 2 2
A t= A ci=2 πrh+2 π r A es=4 π r A co=π r + πrg A cu=6 s A pri=( peribase∗h ) +2∗sbase
2
4
Ves= π r 3 Vci=π r 2∗h
3
x 1+ x 2 y +y y −y
d= √(x 2−x 1) +( y 2− y 1) y= 1 2 m= 2 1 =tanθ
2 2
x=
2 2 x 2−x 1
tan β 1−tan β2 m 1−m 2
tan α=tan ( β 1−β 2 ) tan α = tan α=
1+ tan β1 tan β 2 1+m 1∗m 2
y− y1 =m ( x−x 1 ) y− y 1=
( y 2− y 1
x 2−x 1
( ) x y
x−x 1 ) + =1 Ax+ By +C=0
a b
−A C −A C | Ax 1+ By 1+ C| | Ax2 + By 2+C|
m= b= y= x− =
B B B B √ A2 + B 2 √ A 2+ B 2
A B C |Ax 1 +By 1 +C|
x+ y+ =0 d ( P , L )=
± √ A +B ± √ A +B ± √ A +B √ A2 + B 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
¿
1
r=
2
√ D2 + E2 −4 F ¿
2 2 2 2
(x −h) ( y−k ) (x−h) ( y−k ) 2 2 2 2 2
1= 2
+ 2
1= 2
+ 2
Ax +Cy + Dx + Ey+ F=0 c =a −b
a b b a
c bx −bx
e= e>1 y= y = b ( x −h ) ± a ( y −k ) =0 a ( x−h ) ± b ( y−k )=0
a a a
V ( h ± a , k )( h , k ± a ) F ( h ± c , k )( h ,k ± c ) B ( h , k ± b ) ( h ±b ,k ) ± A ≠± C