Coordenadas : 40°20′37″N 1°6′26″O

Teruel
Teruel ( pronunciación en español:  [teˈɾwel] ) es una ciudad de Aragón ,
ubicada en el este de España, y también es la capital de la provincia Teruel
de Teruel . Tiene una población de 35.675 en 2014 [2] por lo que es la
Municipio
capital de provincia menos poblada del país. Destaca por su clima
riguroso , con una amplia variación diaria de temperaturas y su
famoso jamón serrano , su cerámica , los yacimientos arqueológicos
que la rodean , los afloramientos rocosos que contienen algunos de
los restos de dinosaurios más antiguos de la Península Ibérica y su
famoso eventos: La Vaquilla del Ángel [3] durante el fin de semana
(de viernes a lunes) más próximo al 10 de julio y "Bodas de Isabel de
Segura" en torno al tercer fin de semana de febrero. Teruel es
considerada como la "ciudad del mudéjar " (arquitectura de
influencia morisca) debido a numerosos edificios diseñados en este
estilo. Todos ellos forman parte de la Arquitectura Mudéjar de
Aragón que es Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la UNESCO .

La ubicación remota y montañosa de Teruel a 915 metros (3002 pies)

sobre el nivel del mar y su baja población ha llevado a un relativo
aislamiento dentro de España. En 1999 se fundó un grupo de
campaña con el lema Teruel existe ("Teruel existe") para presionar
por un mayor reconocimiento e inversión en la ciudad y la
provincia. Debido en parte a la campaña, se mejoraron las
conexiones de transporte con Teruel con la construcción de una
autopista entre Zaragoza y Sagunto . Sin embargo, Teruel sigue
siendo la única capital de provincia de la España peninsular sin
conexión directa por carretera o ferrocarril con la capital nacional, Bandera
Escudo de armas
Madrid .. Una broma corriente en la publicación satírica en línea
española El Mundo Today es que Teruel no existe. [4]

Contenido
Historia
Climatizado
Principales vistas
Transportación
Gente notable
Ver también
Teruel
Referencias
enlaces externos

Ubicación en Aragón y en España

Historia Mostrar mapa de Aragón
Mostrar mapa de España
Mostrar todo
La zona de Teruel ha estado poblada desde tiempos de los celtíberos , Coordenadas: 40°20′37″N 1°6′26″O
que la llamaron Turboleta. El topónimo Turboleta podría proceder
del término vasco-ibérico itur + olu + eta (lugar de la fuente de agua, País  España
manantial), según la teoría del vasco-iberismo . La zona fue Comunidad  Aragón
posteriormente ocupada por los romanos, que dejaron restos en Autónoma
localidades cercanas, como Cella . Provincia Teruel
Comarca Comunidad de
Teruel
Distrito judicial Teruel
 Some authors claim that in the Fundado 1171
location of the current city of
Gobierno
Teruel (specifically its Jewish
quarter) was originally called  •  Alcalde Emma Buj ( Partido
Popular de Aragón )
Tirwal, a name that would have
come from the Arabic word Área
meaning "tower."[5] A Muslim  • Total 440,41 km 2 (170,04
enclave is said to have existed in millas cuadradas)
that location in the year 935.
However, the corresponding Elevación 915 m (3002 pies)
archaeological sites found there Población (2020) [1]
belong to a defensive structure,  • Total 36,240
not a population center.  • Densidad 82/km 2 (210/milla

On October 1, 1171, King Alfonso cuadrada)

II captured Tirwal. He was Gentilicio turolense
threatened by the Almohads’
capture of Valencia, and wanted Zona horaria UTC+1 (CET)
Vista de la Catedral mudéjar de  • Summer (DST) UTC+2 (CEST)
to strengthen the southern border
Teruel .
of his kingdom. In the same year, Postal code 44001 - 44003
he founded the city of Teruel, Dialing code 978
granting it fueros and privileges
to facilitate the repopulation of the area. Official Spanish
language(s)
The foundation of Teruel marked an unprecedented change in the Website Official website (htt
political and territorial structure of southern Aragon. The p://www.teruel.es)
predominance of Albarracín and Alfambra during the Muslim era was
replaced by that of the newly-founded cities, Teruel in particular, to the
detriment of Alfambra. Alfabra would remain in the background under the
organizing principle of manorialism.[6]

According to one legend, Toruel was founded when all the wise and
important people of the town came together to look for signs and omens. The
omen they found favorable was a bull, mooing from atop a high place with a
star shining on it from above. The high place where they found the bull was La Vaquilla del Angel
eventually made into the town’s main square. According to some authors, the
name of the city has its origins in this meeting, since the combination of the
words “bull” (toro) and the name of the star, "Actuel," would make "Toroel," which could become "Toruel." The
legend of this encounter also explains the star and bull on the city’s flag and coat of arms.

The inhabitants of Teruel intervened in the conquest of Valencia, which had been in the hands of the Muslims,
and in the War of the Two Peters against the Kingdom of Castile. The population was granted the title of city in
1347 by Pedro IV of Aragon for their support in the Battle of Épila. It is also important to highlight the
considerable importance that the Jewish and Mudejar communities attained within the social and economic life
of the city, since their aljamas were consolidated towards the end of the 13th century.

The Jewish Quarter of Teruel still preserves its name, and many archaeological sites have been found there. In
the Middle Ages, Teruel possessed a prominent Jewish community, which was robust during the centuries
Muslims were in power and enjoyed several privileges. Later on after the Christian reconquest of Spain, the
Jewish community paid a yearly tax of 300 sueldos (in the 14th century). Its members were engaged in
commerce and industry, especially in wool-weaving. During the persecutions of 1391 many of them were killed,
while others accepted Christianity in order to save their lives.[7]

Teruel was fought over in the Spanish Civil War, and much of the city was destroyed. The Battle of Teruel in
December 1937-February 1938, was one of the bloodiest of the war. The town changed hands several times, first
falling to the Republicans and eventually being re-taken by the Nationalists. In the course of the fighting, Teruel
was subjected to heavy artillery and aerial bombardment. The two sides suffered up to 140,000 casualties
between them in the three-month battle. The Nationalists won a decisive victory.

Climate
 According to the Köppen climate classification, Teruel has a semi-arid
climate (BSk) bordering on a humid subtropical (Cfa) climate. Summer
temperatures are warm to hot, although there is much daily variation,
and winters are cool, with low minimum temperatures sometimes
dropping to −10 °C (14.0 °F). The lowest amount of rainfall is in winter
and the greatest falls at the end of spring and autumn.

The temperature records registered at the Observatory of Teruel were

41.3 °C (106.3 °F) on August 14, 2021[8] and −21 °C (−5.8 °F) on January
Climograph of Teruel. 12, 2021.[9]

Climate data for Teruel 918m (1986-2010)

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

Record high 21.4 23.8 28.0 30.1 35.8 38.8 39.0 41.3 36.7 31.0 25.1 20.3 41.3
°C (°F) (70.5) (74.8) (82.4) (86.2) (96.4) (101.8) (102.2) (106.3) (98.1) (87.8) (77.2) (68.5) (106.3)

Average 9.7 12.1 15.7 17.0 21.8 27.0 31.3 30.7 25.3 19.3 13.4 9.9 19.4
high °C (°F) (49.5) (53.8) (60.3) (62.6) (71.2) (80.6) (88.3) (87.3) (77.5) (66.7) (56.1) (49.8) (66.9)

Daily mean 3.7 5.3 8.2 9.9 14.3 18.7 22.2 22.0 17.6 12.7 7.2 4.2 12.2
°C (°F) (38.7) (41.5) (46.8) (49.8) (57.7) (65.7) (72.0) (71.6) (63.7) (54.9) (45.0) (39.6) (54.0)

Average low −2.3 −1.6 0.8 2.8 6.8 10.5 13.0 13.2 9.9 6.0 0.9 −1.4 4.9
°C (°F) (27.9) (29.1) (33.4) (37.0) (44.2) (50.9) (55.4) (55.8) (49.8) (42.8) (33.6) (29.5) (40.8)

Record low −21.0 −12.8 −10.6 −5.3 1.4 1.8 4.6 3.0 0.4 −4.0 −12.2 −19.0 −21.0
°C (°F) (−5.8) (9.0) (12.9) (22.5) (34.5) (35.2) (40.3) (37.4) (32.7) (24.8) (10.0) (−2.2) (−5.8)

Average
19 15 21 39 57 46 26 34 36 47 22 19 378
precipitation
(0.7) (0.6) (0.8) (1.5) (2.2) (1.8) (1.0) (1.3) (1.4) (1.9) (0.9) (0.7) (14.9)
mm (inches)

Source 1: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología[10]

Source 2: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología[11][8]

Main sights
The beauty of the town's cultural inheritance, which has some Islamic influence, has been recognised by
UNESCO, which includes four churches in the World Heritage Site Mudéjar Architecture of Aragon, notably the
town's ornate cathedral in the Mudéjar style.[12]

One of Teruel's best known monuments is very small statue of a bull on top of a tall column, known as El Torico
("the little bull"). It is located in the main square, Plaza Carlos Castell, more commonly known as the Plaza del
Torico in the middle of the town center.

Other sights include:

Torre de El Salvador (14th century), in mudéjar style[13]

Cathedral: Catedral de Santa María de Teruel, in mudéjar style
San Pedro, a mudéjar church (16th century) with a tower similar to that of the cathedral. It includes a
mausoleum, Mausoleo de Los Amantes, housing the mummified bodies of Isabel de Segura (a wealthy
woman) and Diego de Marcilla (a poor man who battled at Crusades to earn some money with the intention
to return to get married with Isabel) whose love ended tragically. This story is known as los amantes de
Teruel and has inspired writers (for example Hartzenbusch) and an opera composed by Tomás Bretón.
Church of La Merced, with a bell tower in mudéjar style (the upper sector added later in Baroque style).
Church of San Salvador (17th century), with one of the most outstanding mudéjar towers. It houses a 14th-
century wooden sculpture of Christ.
Church of San Martín (17th century).
Torre de San Martín (14th century), in mudéjar style
Church of San Miguel (12th century), remade in the 17th century in Baroque style.
Castillo de Alambes, a 15th-century fortification built over the Arabic Alcazar.
Casa El Torico, Casa Ferrán and Casa La Madrileña, 1910s liberty style houses
 Palace of the Marquis of Tosos (17th century)
The Gothic church of St. Francis (1391–1492). It has a single nave with chapels covered by a ribbed vault
with no crossing.
Los Arcos, an aqueduct with two orders of arcade from 1538.

On the outskirts of Teruel is Dinópolis Teruel, a combined theme park and museum centred on dinosaurs.
Promoted as a paleontological park, it includes a life-size robotic model of a Tyrannosaurus rex.[14] Dinópolis
also owns three other museums in the surrounding area, which display the remains of dinosaurs discovered in
the region. The chimney of the Teruel Power Plant is one of the tallest freestanding structures in Western
Europe.

Sights of Teruel

El Torico Mudéjar Tower of El Glass roof of La

Fountain Salvador (14th century) the museum of Escalinata
religious art in
Teruel

Transportation
Teruel Airport opened in 2013, but is primarily an aircraft storage and maintenance facility.

Notable people
Alba Bautista (born 2002), rhythmic gymnast and world bronze medalist
David Civera
Manuel Macías y Casado, general and military governor
Luis Milla (born 1966), association football player and manager
Luis Royo
Pablo Serrano, famous painter and sculptor of the 20th Century.
Javier Sierra, writer

See also
La Vaquilla del Ángel
Diocese of Teruel and Albarracín.
Lovers of Teruel
Battle of Teruel

References
1. Municipal Register of Spain 2018. National Statistics Institute.
2. Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Cifras oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal
a 1 de enero de 2014, Resumen por Capitales de provincias
3. Photographer/Writer, Lori Needleman (2016-06-29). "Move Over San Fermín: There's Another Fiesta In
Spain -- La Vaquilla Del Ángel" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/lori-needleman/move-over-san-fermin-ther_b_
10607242.html). The Huffington Post. Retrieved 2016-11-27.
4. "Teruel" (https://www.elmundotoday.com/tag/teruel/).
5. Gargallo Moya, Antonio. El Concejo de Teruel en la Edad Media. Vol. I. IET. p. 82. ISBN 84-86982-64-2.
 6. Barragán, Juan José (2015). Alfambra en la Edad Media y Moderna. Una visión de su historia y su arte a
través del conjunto mural de la Ermita de Santa Ana. Sarrión: Muñoz Moya Editores. ISBN 978-84-8010-264-
3.
7. "TERUEL - JewishEncyclopedia.com" (http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=160&letter=T&sear
ch=teruel). www.jewishencyclopedia.com.
8. "Teruel bate con 41,3º su récord de temperatura más alta por segundo día consecutivo" (https://www.diariode
teruel.es/teruel/teruel-bate-con-413-su-record-de-temperatura-mas-alta-por-segundo-dia-consecutivo)
[Teruel beats its highest temperature record with 41.3º for the second consecutive day] (in Spanish). Diario
de Teruel. 15 August 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021.
9. "España sufre su día más gélido en los últimos 20 años, con ocho capitales a 10º bajo cero" (https://elpais.co
m/espana/2021-01-11/espana-sufre-su-noche-mas-gelida-en-al-menos-20-anos.html) [Spain suffers its
coldest day in the last 20 years, with eight capitals at 10º below zero] (in Spanish). El País. 12 January 2021.
Retrieved 12 January 2021.
10. "Valores climatológicos normales. Teruel" (http://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/val
oresclimatologicos?l=8368U&k=arn). Aemet.es. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
11. Meteorología, Agencia Estatal de. "Teruel: Teruel - Valores extremos absolutos - Selector - Agencia Estatal
de Meteorología - AEMET. Gobierno de España" (http://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatolog
icos/efemerides_extremos*?w=0&k=arn&l=8368U&datos=det&x=8368U&m=13&v=todos). www.aemet.es.
12. Alejandro Lapunzina (2005). Architecture of Spain (https://books.google.com/books?id=yDmR2i32cygC&pg=
PA37). Greenwood. p. 37. ISBN 9780313319631.
13. "Torre mudéjar de El Salvador, Patrimonio Mundial de la Humanidad" (http://www.teruelmudejar.com/).
www.teruelmudejar.com.
14. "ELMUNDO.ES/METROPOLI - Como hace un millón de años" (https://www.elmundo.es/metropoli/2005/09/2
3/ninos/1127426456.html). www.elmundo.es.

External links
La Vaquilla del Ángel (http://portalvaquillero.es/web/)
Teruel existe (http://www.elrincongourmet.com/content/15-jamon-de-teruel) Archived (https://web.archive.org/
web/20160303234429/http://www.elrincongourmet.com/content/15-jamon-de-teruel) 2016-03-03 at the
Wayback Machine
Teruel Travelguide and Hotel bookings in English (https://archive.today/20130105111831/http://www.teruel.co
m/index_en.html)
The main page of Teruel's Town Hall (http://www.teruel.net/)
English World Heritage Centre (https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/378/)
Flickr Photos (https://www.flickr.com/search/?q=teruel&w=all)
Instituto Nacional de Estadística (http://www.ine.es/)
Teruel exists! (In English) (https://besidestheobvious.net/2021/06/20/teruel-exists/)

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