Universidad nacional de Colombia sede Manizales

Primer parcial de campos electromagnéticos

EJERCICIO 1

1.1 Desarrollar el ejercicio en una hoja electrónica tipo notebook (Maple, Matlab,
Wólfram, etc.).

1.2 Se deben graficar los campos [ E, H] en forma temporal y espacial con los valores
definidos por el usuario.

(a) En el espacio libre, D = D sin wtC bz a .Usando las ecuaciones de maxwell

m x
demuestre que

wm D
0 m
B =K sin wtC bz a
b y

j wt C bz
(b) En el espacio libre, B = B e a .Usando las ecuaciones de maxwell
m y
demuestre que

wB j wt C bz
m
E =K $e a
b x

SOLUCION

(a) Por las ecuaciones de maxwell

vB D
V#E= K y D = e0 E ó, E =
vt e0

vB
K = V#E =
vt
 i j k
v v v
vx vy vz Dm v Dmb
= sin wtC bz a = cos wtC bz a
Dm e0 v z y e0 y
sin wtC bz 0 0
e0

> restart

> with VectorCalculus

&x, `*`, `C`, `-`, `.`, !,O, !|O, About, AddCoordinates, ArcLength, BasisFormat, Binormal, (1)
Compatibility, ConvertVector, CrossProduct, Curl, Curvature, D, Del, DirectionalDiff,
Divergence, DotProduct, Flux, GetCoordinateParameters, GetCoordinates, GetNames,
GetPVDescription, GetRootPoint, GetSpace, Gradient, Hessian, IsPositionVector,
IsRootedVector, IsVectorField, Jacobian, Laplacian, LineInt, MapToBasis, Nabla, Norm,
Normalize, PathInt, PlotPositionVector, PlotVector, PositionVector, PrincipalNormal,
RadiusOfCurvature, RootedVector, ScalarPotential, SetCoordinateParameters,
SetCoordinates, SpaceCurve, SurfaceInt, TNBFrame, Tangent, TangentLine, TangentPlane,
TangentVector, Torsion, Vector, VectorField, VectorPotential, VectorSpace, Wronskian,
diff, eval, evalVF, int, limit, series
v Dm
> derivada = sin w$tCb$z $
vz e0
cos b z Cw t b VectorCalculus:-Dm
derivada = (2)
e0

> restart

Como se puede observar al operar la matriz anterior obtenemos de respuesta

Dmb
cos wtC bz a
e0 y

Dmb Dmb
ó, B =K cos wtC bz a dt = sin wtC bz a
e0 y we0 y

> restart
> with VectorCalculus
&x, `*`, `C`, `-`, `.`, !,O, !|O, About, AddCoordinates, ArcLength, BasisFormat, Binormal, (3)
Compatibility, ConvertVector, CrossProduct, Curl, Curvature, D, Del, DirectionalDiff,
Divergence, DotProduct, Flux, GetCoordinateParameters, GetCoordinates, GetNames,
GetPVDescription, GetRootPoint, GetSpace, Gradient, Hessian, IsPositionVector,
IsRootedVector, IsVectorField, Jacobian, Laplacian, LineInt, MapToBasis, Nabla, Norm,
Normalize, PathInt, PlotPositionVector, PlotVector, PositionVector, PrincipalNormal,
RadiusOfCurvature, RootedVector, ScalarPotential, SetCoordinateParameters,
SetCoordinates, SpaceCurve, SurfaceInt, TNBFrame, Tangent, TangentLine, TangentPlane,
TangentVector, Torsion, Vector, VectorField, VectorPotential, VectorSpace, Wronskian,
diff, eval, evalVF, int, limit, series
Dmb
> B =K cos w$t Kb$z dt$
e0
sin b z Kt w VectorCalculus:-Dm b
B= (4)
w e0

> restart

Por lo que al realizar la operacion del campo magnetico (B) queda la siguiente expresion
Dmb
sin wtC bz a
we0 y

Tambien, por espacio libre podemos decir

w 1 1 w
=v =c = 0 =m
b m e0 e0 0 b
0

por lo tanto se reemplaza los valores en la nueva ecuacion

Dmb D b w
2 wm D
0 m
K sin wtC bz a = K m $ m sin wtC bz a = K sin wtC bz a
we0 y we 0 b y b y
0

por lo tanto se obtiene que el valor de campo magnetico es

wm D
0 m
B =K sin wtC bz a
b y
(b) Por las ecuaciones de maxwell

vB j wt C bz
V#E= K =Kv B e a
vt vt m y

i j k
v v v j wt C bz
ó, vx vy vz = KB jwe a
m y
E E E
x y z

comparando ambos lados, obtenemos

vE vE j wt C bz
x z
K a =KB jw e a
vz vx y m y

vE
z
Debido a que E no es una funcion de x desaparece la derivada
z vx

vE j wt C bz
x
= KB jwe a
vz m y

se depeja para que quede el campo electrico solo

wt C bz
wB
j 1 j wt C bz j wt C bz
EX = KB jwe dz = B jw e =K m $e a
m m jb b x

> restart

> with VectorCalculus

&x, `*`, `C`, `-`, `.`, !,O, !|O, About, AddCoordinates, ArcLength, BasisFormat, Binormal, (5)
Compatibility, ConvertVector, CrossProduct, Curl, Curvature, D, Del, DirectionalDiff,
Divergence, DotProduct, Flux, GetCoordinateParameters, GetCoordinates, GetNames,
GetPVDescription, GetRootPoint, GetSpace, Gradient, Hessian, IsPositionVector,
IsRootedVector, IsVectorField, Jacobian, Laplacian, LineInt, MapToBasis, Nabla, Norm,
Normalize, PathInt, PlotPositionVector, PlotVector, PositionVector, PrincipalNormal,
 RadiusOfCurvature, RootedVector, ScalarPotential, SetCoordinateParameters,
SetCoordinates, SpaceCurve, SurfaceInt, TNBFrame, Tangent, TangentLine, TangentPlane,
TangentVector, Torsion, Vector, VectorField, VectorPotential, VectorSpace, Wronskian,
diff, eval, evalVF, int, limit, series
j$w$t Cj$b$z
> E =K B $jw$e dz
m
bj z Cj w t
Bm jw e
E=K (6)
j b ln e

> restart

1 j wt C bz
obtenemos como resultado B jw e ,el cual se puede simplificar cancalando
m jb
las jotas

wB j wt C bz
m
EX = K $e a
b x

por lo tanto el campo electrico queda dado por la ecuacion

wB j wt C bz
m
E =K $e a
b x

--------GRAFICAS DE CAMPO ELECTRICO Y CAMPO MAGNETICO------------

> with plots

animate, animate3d, animatecurve, arrow, changecoords, complexplot, complexplot3d, (7)
conformal, conformal3d, contourplot, contourplot3d, coordplot, coordplot3d, densityplot,
display, dualaxisplot, fieldplot, fieldplot3d, gradplot, gradplot3d, implicitplot,
implicitplot3d, inequal, interactive, interactiveparams, intersectplot, listcontplot,
listcontplot3d, listdensityplot, listplot, listplot3d, loglogplot, logplot, matrixplot, multiple,
odeplot, pareto, plotcompare, pointplot, pointplot3d, polarplot, polygonplot, polygonplot3d,
polyhedra_supported, polyhedraplot, rootlocus, semilogplot, setcolors, setoptions,
setoptions3d, spacecurve, sparsematrixplot, surfdata, textplot, textplot3d, tubeplot
> f d 60
f := 60 (8)

> w d evalf 2 $Pi$f

w := 376.9911185 (9)

K7
> m d evalf 4$Pi$10
0
m0 := 0.000001256637062 (10)

> b d 10
b := 10 (11)

> B d5
m
Bm := 5 (12)

> dm d 12
dm := 12 (13)

> z d 5000
z := 5000 (14)

377$0.00000125$12
plot K $sin 377 tC12 $5000 , t = 0 .. 0.025 ;
12
 0.0004

0.0003

0.0002

0.0001

0
0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025
t
K0.0001

K0.0002

K0.0003

K0.0004

> with LinearAlgebra

&x, Add, Adjoint, BackwardSubstitute, BandMatrix, Basis, BezoutMatrix, BidiagonalForm, (15)
BilinearForm, CARE, CharacteristicMatrix, CharacteristicPolynomial, Column,
ColumnDimension, ColumnOperation, ColumnSpace, CompanionMatrix,
CompressedSparseForm, ConditionNumber, ConstantMatrix, ConstantVector, Copy,
CreatePermutation, CrossProduct, DARE, DeleteColumn, DeleteRow, Determinant,
Diagonal, DiagonalMatrix, Dimension, Dimensions, DotProduct, EigenConditionNumbers,
Eigenvalues, Eigenvectors, Equal, ForwardSubstitute, FrobeniusForm,
FromCompressedSparseForm, FromSplitForm, GaussianElimination, GenerateEquations,
GenerateMatrix, Generic, GetResultDataType, GetResultShape, GivensRotationMatrix,
GramSchmidt, HankelMatrix, HermiteForm, HermitianTranspose, HessenbergForm,
HilbertMatrix, HouseholderMatrix, IdentityMatrix, IntersectionBasis, IsDefinite,
IsOrthogonal, IsSimilar, IsUnitary, JordanBlockMatrix, JordanForm, KroneckerProduct,
LA_Main, LUDecomposition, LeastSquares, LinearSolve, LyapunovSolve, Map, Map2,
MatrixAdd, MatrixExponential, MatrixFunction, MatrixInverse, MatrixMatrixMultiply,
MatrixNorm, MatrixPower, MatrixScalarMultiply, MatrixVectorMultiply,
MinimalPolynomial, Minor, Modular, Multiply, NoUserValue, Norm, Normalize,
 NullSpace, OuterProductMatrix, Permanent, Pivot, PopovForm, ProjectionMatrix,
QRDecomposition, RandomMatrix, RandomVector, Rank, RationalCanonicalForm,
ReducedRowEchelonForm, Row, RowDimension, RowOperation, RowSpace, ScalarMatrix,
ScalarMultiply, ScalarVector, SchurForm, SingularValues, SmithForm, SplitForm,
StronglyConnectedBlocks, SubMatrix, SubVector, SumBasis, SylvesterMatrix,
SylvesterSolve, ToeplitzMatrix, Trace, Transpose, TridiagonalForm, UnitVector,
VandermondeMatrix, VectorAdd, VectorAngle, VectorMatrixMultiply, VectorNorm,
VectorScalarMultiply, ZeroMatrix, ZeroVector, Zip

377 $5
plot K $cos 377$tC12 $5000 , t = 0 .. 0.025 ;
12
150

100

50

0
0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025
t

K50

K100

K150

377 $5
fieldplot3d x, y, z / K $cos 12 $5000 , x, y, z / 0, x, y, z / 0 ,K100
12
 ..100,K200 ..200,K300 ..300

377$0.00000125$120
fieldplot3d x, y, z / 0, x, y, z /K $sin 120$5000 , x, y, z
12
/ 0 ,K100 ..100,K200 ..200,K300 ..300
EJERCICIO 2

2.1 Desarrollar el ejercicio en una hoja electrónica tipo notebook (Maple, Matlab,
Wólfram, etc.).

2.2 Se deben reproducir las gráficas.

*El campo eléctrico en el espacio libre está dado por

 8 V
E = 50 cos 10 C bx a
y m

1 Encontrar la dirección de propagación de la onda

2 Calcular β y el tiempo que tarda en recorrer una distancia λ/2

3 Dibujar la ola en t=0,T/4,T/2

SOLUCION

1 Desde el signo positivo en wtC bx .Por lo que se concluye que la onda

se propaga en direccion Ka
x

8
w 10 1 rad
2 Aqui, b = = = = 0.33
c 3$10
8 3 s

como la onda viaja a la velocidad de la luz, c

l l
= ct 0 t =
2 1 1 2c

2p
Pero l= =6 p
b

Por lo tanto

6p 3p
t1 = = = 31.42 ns
2c 3$10
8

3 En t=0, Ey = 50 cos bx

wt
En t=T/4, Ey = 50 cos C bx =K50 sin bx donde w = 2 p
4
 wt
En t=T/2, Ey = 50 cos C bx =K50 cos bx
2

La onda es trazada en t=0,T/4,T/2 como se muestra acontinuacion

> restart
8
> w d 10
w := 100000000 (16)

8
> c d 3$10
c := 300000000 (17)

w
> b d evalf
c
b := 0.3333333333 (18)
2p
> l d evalf
b
l := 18.84955592 (19)
6p
> t d evalf
2c
-8
t := 3.141592654 10 (20)
> Ey d 50$cosb$x
Ey := 50 cosb x (21)

> with plots

animate, animate3d, animatecurve, arrow, changecoords, complexplot, complexplot3d, (22)
conformal, conformal3d, contourplot, contourplot3d, coordplot, coordplot3d, densityplot,
display, dualaxisplot, fieldplot, fieldplot3d, gradplot, gradplot3d, implicitplot,
implicitplot3d, inequal, interactive, interactiveparams, intersectplot, listcontplot,
listcontplot3d, listdensityplot, listplot, listplot3d, loglogplot, logplot, matrixplot, multiple,
odeplot, pareto, plotcompare, pointplot, pointplot3d, polarplot, polygonplot, polygonplot3d,
polyhedra_supported, polyhedraplot, rootlocus, semilogplot, setcolors, setoptions,
setoptions3d, spacecurve, sparsematrixplot, surfdata, textplot, textplot3d, tubeplot

> animatecurve 50 cos 0.333 x , x =K6 p ..6 p, view =K50 ..50

 40

20

K15 K10 K5 0 5 10 15

K20

K40

> animatecurve K50 sin 0.333 x , x =K6 p ..6 p, view =K50 ..50
 40

20

K15 K10 K5 0 5 10 15

K20

K40

> animatecurve K50 cos 0.333 x , x =K6 p ..6 p, view =K50 ..50
 40

20

K15 K10 K5 0 5 10 15

K20

K40

>