Estudio de la ductibilidad de una seccion simplemente armada a flexion

1.-Datos Generales:

b ≔ 40 cm Ancho de la viga

h ≔ 20 cm Altura de la viga

r ≔ 5 cm Recubrimiento

d ≔ h - r = 15 cm Altura efectiva de la viga

fc ＝ 21 MPa
fy ＝ 500 MPa
2.-Materiales:
kgf kgf
f'c ≔ 214.14 ⋅ ―― Resistencia fy ≔ 5098.58 ⋅ ―― Esfuerzo cedente del acero
cm 2 del cm 2 de refuerzo
concreto
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
kgf kgf
Ec ≔ 15100 ⋅ f'c ⋅ ―― 2
= ⎛⎝2.21 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠ ―― Modulo de elasticidad β1 ≔ 0.85
cm cm 2 del concreto
Es Relacion de
kgf
Es ≔ 2100000 ⋅ ―― Modulo de n ≔ ― = 9.504 modulos de
cm 2 elasticidad del acero Ec elasticidad

εy ≔ 0.002 Deformacion cedente εcu ≔ 0.003 Deformacion ultima

del acero del concreto

3.-Estudio: Evaluar la variacion de la ductubilidad de la seccion simplemente armada a

la flexion, estableciendo una cuantia de refuerzo a traccion, en funcion a la cuantia
balanceada

ρ1 ＝ 0.115 ⋅ ρb ρ2 ＝ 0.22 ⋅ ρb ρ3 ＝ 0.35 ⋅ ρb ρ4 ＝ 0.50 ⋅ ρb

 εcu ⋅ d
cb ≔ ――― = 9 cm Profundidad del eje neutro
εy + εcu para la falla balanceada

0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ β1 ⋅ cb ⋅ b
Asb ≔ ―――――― = 10.924 cm 2 Area de acero para la falla
fy balanceada
Asb
ρb ≔ ―― = 0.0182 Cuantia balanceada
b⋅d

Casos de analisis:

Caso1: ρ1 ≔ 0.1 ⋅ ρb = 0.002 Caso2: ρ2 ≔ 0.2 ⋅ ρb = 0.004

As1 ≔ ρ1 ⋅ b ⋅ d = 1.092 cm 2 As2 ≔ ρ2 ⋅ b ⋅ d = 2.185 cm 2

Caso3: ρ3 ≔ 0.3 ⋅ ρb = 0.005 Caso4: ρ4 ≔ 0.50 ⋅ ρb = 0.009

As3 ≔ ρ3 ⋅ b ⋅ d = 3.277 cm 2 As4 ≔ ρ4 ⋅ b ⋅ d = 5.462 cm 2

4.-Analisis del Caso 1:

As ≔ As1 = 1.092 cm 2 Acero de refuerzo

4.1 Estudio de la condicion de agrietamiento

Asc ≔ b ⋅ h + ((n - 1)) ⋅ As = 809.29 cm 2 Area de la seccion equivalente

h2
b ⋅ ― + ((n - 1)) ⋅ As ⋅ d
2
c ≔ ――――――― = 10.057 cm Profundidad del eje neutro
Asc
2
b ⋅ h3 ⎛h ⎞ 2
ISE ≔ ――+ b ⋅ h ⋅ ⎜―- c⎟ + ((n - 1)) ⋅ As ⋅ ((d - c)) = ⎛⎝2.69 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ cm 4 Inercia de la seccion
12 ⎝2 ⎠ equivalente respecto al eje
neutro
 ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
kgf kgf
fr ≔ 2 ⋅ f'c ⋅ ―― 2
= 29.267 ―― Modulo de rotura
cm cm 2

fr 1
ϕA ≔ ―――― = 0.001332 ― Curvatura de agrietamiento
( )
Ec ⋅ (h - c) m

fr ⋅ ISE
MA ≔ ――― = 0.792 tonnef ⋅ m Momento de agrietamiento
((h - c))

4.2 Estudio de la condicion de cedencia

Hipotesis:

El acero de refuerzo esta cediendo

Compartamiento elastico-plastico del acero
El concreto no ha alcanzado su agotamiento
Comportamiento lineal elastico del concreto

Estableciendo el equilibrio de fuerzas T=C y la relacion de

deformaciones:
fc ⋅ c ⋅ b Ec ⋅ εc ⋅ c ⋅ b
――― ＝ As ⋅ fy fc ＝ Ec ⋅ εc ―――― ＝ As ⋅ fy
2 2

εc εy εy ⋅ c Ec ⋅ εy ⋅ c 2 ⋅ b
―＝ ―― εc ＝ ―― ――――＝ As ⋅ fy
c d-c d-c 2 ((d - c))

Ecuación para determinar el eje neutro de la sección

c 2 ⋅ ⎛⎝Ec ⋅ εy ⋅ b⎞⎠ + c ⋅ ⎛⎝2 ⋅ As ⋅ fy⎞⎠ - 2 ⋅ As ⋅ fy ⋅ d ＝ 0 A ⋅ c2 + B ⋅ c + D＝0

tonnef
A ≔ Ec ⋅ εy ⋅ b = ⎛⎝1.768 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ ―――
m
B ≔ 2 ⋅ As ⋅ fy = 11.14 tonnef
 tonnef
A ≔ Ec ⋅ εy ⋅ b = ⎛⎝1.768 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ ―――
m
B ≔ 2 ⋅ As ⋅ fy = 11.14 tonnef

D ≔ -2 ⋅ As ⋅ fy ⋅ d = -1.671 tonnef ⋅ m

Profundidad del eje neutro:

-B + ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
B2 - 4 ⋅ A ⋅ D
c ≔ ――――――― = 2.776 cm
2⋅A

Al obtener la profundidad del eje neutro, se verifica que el concreto tenga

un comportamiento elastico:

kgf
fc_Limite ≔ 0.70 ⋅ f'c = 149.898 ―― Esfuerzo limite de comportamiento
cm 2 elastico del concreto
εy ⋅ c
εc ≔ ――― = 0.000454 if ⎛⎝εc < εcu , “ok” , “No cumple”⎞⎠ = “ok”
((d - c))

kgf
fc ≔ Ec ⋅ εc = 100.338 ―― if ⎛⎝fc < fc_Limite , “ok” , “No cumple”⎞⎠ = “ok”
cm 2
Luego, se define la resultante de Traccion y Compresion

T ≔ As ⋅ fy = 5.57 tonnef Traccion Resultante

fc ⋅ c ⋅ b
C ≔ ――― = 5.57 tonnef Compresion Resultante
2
Por ultimo, se obtiene la curvatura cedente y el momento cedente
εy 1
ϕy ≔ ――― = 0.0164 ― Curvatura Cedente
((d - c)) m

⎛ c⎞
My ≔ C ⋅ ⎜d - ―⎟ = 0.784 tonnef ⋅ m Momento Cedente
⎝ 3⎠
4.3: Estudio de la condicion ultima (agotamiento)

Hipotesis:

Profundidad del Eje neutro

 Profundidad del Eje neutro

β1 ≔ 0.85
As ⋅ fy
c ≔ ――――― = 0.9 cm
0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ β1 ⋅ b

Al obtener la profundidad del eje neutro se verifica que el acero este en

cedencia
εcu ⋅ ((d - c))
εs ≔ ―――― = 0.047 if ⎛⎝εs ≥ εy , “ok” , “No cumple”⎞⎠ = “ok”
c

Luego se define la resultante de Traccion y Compresion

T ≔ As ⋅ fy = 5.57 tonnef Traccion Resultante

a ≔ β1 ⋅ c = 0.765 cm Profundidad del bloque equivalente a

compresion

C ≔ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ a ⋅ b = 5.57 tonnef Compresion Resultante

Tambien, es factible verificar el comportamiento de la seccion, tomando en

cuenta la deformacion en el acero a traccion

εcu ⋅ ((d - c))

εs ≔ ―――― = 0.047
c
if ⎛⎝εs > 0.005 , “Controlada por traccion” , “En transicion”⎞⎠ = “Controlada por traccion”

Por ultimo , se obtiene la curvatura ultima y el momento ultimo

εcu 1
ϕu ≔ ―― = 0.3333 ― Curvatura Ultima
c m

⎛ β1 ⋅ c ⎞
Mu ≔ C ⋅ ⎜d - ―― ⎟ = 0.814 tonnef ⋅ m Momento Ultimo
⎝ 2 ⎠

M ϕ

0 0
M ϕ
 M ϕ

0 0
0.0046 0.0791 MA ϕA
0.88

0.8
My ϕy
0.72
Mu ϕu
0.64

0.56

0.48

0.4

0.32
M ((tonnef ⋅ m))
0.24

0.16

0.08

0
0.0000 0.0350 0.0700 0.1050 0.1400 0.1750 0.2100 0.2450 0.2800 0.3150 0.3500

⎛1⎞
ϕ ⎜―⎟
⎝m⎠

Ductubilidad de la seccion
ϕu
μ1 ≔ ― = 20.374
ϕy

5.-Analisis del Caso 2:

 5.-Analisis del Caso 2:

As ≔ As2 = 2.185 cm 2 Acero de refuerzo

5.1 Estudio de la condicion de agrietamiento

Asc ≔ b ⋅ h + ((n - 1)) ⋅ As = 818.579 cm 2 Area de la seccion equivalente

h2
b ⋅ ― + ((n - 1)) ⋅ As ⋅ d
2
c ≔ ――――――― = 10.113 cm Profundidad del eje neutro
Asc
2
b ⋅ h3 ⎛h ⎞ 2
ISE ≔ ――+ b ⋅ h ⋅ ⎜―- c⎟ + ((n - 1)) ⋅ As ⋅ ((d - c)) = ⎛⎝2.712 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ cm 4 Inercia de la seccion
12 ⎝2 ⎠ equivalente respecto al eje
neutro

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
kgf kgf
fr ≔ 2 ⋅ f'c ⋅ ―― 2
= 29.267 ―― Modulo de rotura
cm cm 2

fr 1
ϕA ≔ ―――― = 0.00134 ― Curvatura de agrietamiento
Ec ⋅ ((h - c)) m

fr ⋅ ISE
MA ≔ ――― = 0.803 tonnef ⋅ m Momento de agrietamiento
((h - c))

5.2 Estudio de la condicion de cedencia

Hipotesis:

El acero de refuerzo esta cediendo

Compartamiento elastico-plastico del acero
El concreto no ha alcanzado su agotamiento
Comportamiento lineal elastico del concreto
Estableciendo el equilibrio de fuerzas T=C y la relacion de
deformaciones:
fc ⋅ c ⋅ b Ec ⋅ εc ⋅ c ⋅ b
――― ＝ As ⋅ fy fc ＝ Ec ⋅ εc ―――― ＝ As ⋅ fy
2 2

εc εy εy ⋅ c Ec ⋅ εy ⋅ c 2 ⋅ b
―＝ ―― εc ＝ ―― ――――＝ As ⋅ fy
c d-c d-c 2 ((d - c))

Ecuación para determinar el eje neutro de la sección

c 2 ⋅ ⎛⎝Ec ⋅ εy ⋅ b⎞⎠ + c ⋅ ⎛⎝2 ⋅ As ⋅ fy⎞⎠ - 2 ⋅ As ⋅ fy ⋅ d ＝ 0 A ⋅ c2 + B ⋅ c + D＝0

tonnef
A ≔ Ec ⋅ εy ⋅ b = ⎛⎝1.768 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ ―――
m
B ≔ 2 ⋅ As ⋅ fy = 22.279 tonnef

D ≔ -2 ⋅ As ⋅ fy ⋅ d = -3.342 tonnef ⋅ m

Profundidad del eje neutro:

-B + ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
B2 - 4 ⋅ A ⋅ D
c ≔ ――――――― = 3.763 cm
2⋅A

Al obtener la profundidad del eje neutro, se verifica que el concreto tenga

un comportamiento elastico:

kgf
fc_Limite ≔ 0.70 ⋅ f'c = 149.898 ―― Esfuerzo limite de comportamiento
cm 2 elastico del concreto
εy ⋅ c
εc ≔ ――― = 0.00067 if ⎛⎝εc < εcu , “ok” , “No cumple”⎞⎠ = “ok”
((d - c))

kgf
fc ≔ Ec ⋅ εc = 148.005 ―― if ⎛⎝fc < fc_Limite , “ok” , “No cumple”⎞⎠ = “ok”
cm 2
 kgf
fc ≔ Ec ⋅ εc = 148.005 ―― if ⎛⎝fc < fc_Limite , “ok” , “No cumple”⎞⎠ = “ok”
cm 2

Luego, se define la resultante de Traccion y Compresion

T ≔ As ⋅ fy = 11.14 tonnef Traccion Resultante

fc ⋅ c ⋅ b
C ≔ ――― = 11.14 tonnef Compresion Resultante
2

Por ultimo, se obtiene la curvatura cedente y el momento cedente

εy 1
ϕy ≔ ――― = 0.0178 ― Curvatura Cedente
((d - c)) m

⎛ c⎞
My ≔ C ⋅ ⎜d - ―⎟ = 1.531 tonnef ⋅ m Momento Cedente
⎝ 3⎠

5.3: Estudio de la condicion ultima (agotamiento)

Hipotesis:

Profundidad del Eje neutro

β1 ≔ 0.85
As ⋅ fy
c ≔ ――――― = 1.8 cm
0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ β1 ⋅ b

Al obtener la profundidad del eje neutro se verifica que el acero este en

cedencia
εcu ⋅ ((d - c))
εs ≔ ―――― = 0.022 if ⎛⎝εs ≥ εy , “ok” , “No cumple”⎞⎠ = “ok”
c

Luego se define la resultante de Traccion y Compresion

T ≔ As ⋅ fy = 11.14 tonnef Traccion Resultante

 T ≔ As ⋅ fy = 11.14 tonnef Traccion Resultante

a ≔ β1 ⋅ c = 1.53 cm Profundidad del bloque equivalente a

compresion
C ≔ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ a ⋅ b = 11.14 tonnef Compresion Resultante

Tambien, es factible verificar el comportamiento de la seccion, tomando en

cuenta la deformacion en el acero a traccion

εcu ⋅ ((d - c))

εs ≔ ―――― = 0.022
c
if ⎛⎝εs > 0.005 , “Controlada por traccion” , “En transicion”⎞⎠ = “Controlada por traccion”

Por ultimo , se obtiene la curvatura ultima y el momento ultimo

εcu 1
ϕu ≔ ―― = 0.1667 ― Curvatura Ultima
c m

⎛ β1 ⋅ c ⎞
Mu ≔ C ⋅ ⎜d - ―― ⎟ = 1.586 tonnef ⋅ m Momento Ultimo
⎝ 2 ⎠

M ϕ

0.0051 0.0412
0 0
1.65 MA ϕA
1.5

1.35 My ϕy
1.2
Mu ϕu
1.05

0.9

0.75

0.6
M ((tonnef ⋅ m))
0.45

0.3

0.15

0
0.0000 0.0150 0.0300 0.0450 0.0600 0.0750 0.0900 0.1050 0.1200 0.1350 0.1500 0.1650 0.1800

⎛1⎞
ϕ ⎜―⎟
⎝m⎠
Ductubilidad de la seccion
ϕu
μ2 ≔ ― = 9.364
ϕy

6.-Analisis del Caso 3:

 6.-Analisis del Caso 3:

As ≔ As3 = 3.277 cm 2 Acero de refuerzo

5.1 Estudio de la condicion de agrietamiento

Asc ≔ b ⋅ h + ((n - 1)) ⋅ As = 827.869 cm 2 Area de la seccion equivalente

h2
b ⋅ ― + ((n - 1)) ⋅ As ⋅ d
2
c ≔ ――――――― = 10.168 cm Profundidad del eje neutro
Asc
2
b ⋅ h3 ⎛h ⎞ 2
ISE ≔ ――+ b ⋅ h ⋅ ⎜―- c⎟ + ((n - 1)) ⋅ As ⋅ ((d - c)) = ⎛⎝2.734 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ cm 4 Inercia de la seccion
12 ⎝2 ⎠ equivalente respecto al eje
neutro
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
kgf kgf
fr ≔ 2 ⋅ f'c ⋅ ―― 2
= 29.267 ―― Modulo de rotura
cm cm 2

fr 1
ϕA ≔ ―――― = 0.001347 ― Curvatura de agrietamiento
( )
Ec ⋅ (h - c) m

fr ⋅ ISE
MA ≔ ――― = 0.814 tonnef ⋅ m Momento de agrietamiento
((h - c))

6.2 Estudio de la condicion de cedencia

Hipotesis:

El acero de refuerzo esta cediendo

Compartamiento elastico-plastico del acero
El concreto no ha alcanzado su agotamiento
Comportamiento lineal elastico del concreto
Estableciendo el equilibrio de fuerzas T=C y la relacion de
deformaciones:
fc ⋅ c ⋅ b Ec ⋅ εc ⋅ c ⋅ b
――― ＝ As ⋅ fy fc ＝ Ec ⋅ εc ―――― ＝ As ⋅ fy
2 2

εc εy εy ⋅ c Ec ⋅ εy ⋅ c 2 ⋅ b
―＝ ―― εc ＝ ―― ――――＝ As ⋅ fy
c d-c d-c 2 ((d - c))

Ecuación para determinar el eje neutro de la sección

c 2 ⋅ ⎛⎝Ec ⋅ εy ⋅ b⎞⎠ + c ⋅ ⎛⎝2 ⋅ As ⋅ fy⎞⎠ - 2 ⋅ As ⋅ fy ⋅ d ＝ 0 A ⋅ c2 + B ⋅ c + D＝0

tonnef
A ≔ Ec ⋅ εy ⋅ b = ⎛⎝1.768 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ ―――
m
B ≔ 2 ⋅ As ⋅ fy = 33.419 tonnef

D ≔ -2 ⋅ As ⋅ fy ⋅ d = -5.013 tonnef ⋅ m

Profundidad del eje neutro:

-B + ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
B2 - 4 ⋅ A ⋅ D
c ≔ ――――――― = 4.463 cm
2⋅A

Al obtener la profundidad del eje neutro, se verifica que el concreto tenga

un comportamiento elastico:

kgf
fc_Limite ≔ 0.70 ⋅ f'c = 149.898 ―― Esfuerzo limite de comportamiento
cm 2 elastico del concreto
εy ⋅ c
εc ≔ ――― = 0.000847 if ⎛⎝εc < εcu , “ok” , “No cumple”⎞⎠ = “ok”
((d - c))

kgf
fc ≔ Ec ⋅ εc = 187.192 ―― if ⎛⎝fc < fc_Limite , “ok” , “No cumple”⎞⎠ = “No cumple”
cm 2
 kgf
fc ≔ Ec ⋅ εc = 187.192 ―― if ⎛⎝fc < fc_Limite , “ok” , “No cumple”⎞⎠ = “No cumple”
cm 2

Debido a que no cumple, se debe plantear que el concreto se comporta no lineal

para lo cual, se establece un bilineal equivalente (elasto-plastico)

Se asume la siguiente deformación elástica del concreto en el

modelo bilineal equivalente:

εcy ≔ 0.0008
As ⋅ fy εcy ⋅ d
――――+ ――
⎛⎝0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ b⎞⎠ 2 ⋅ εy
c ≔ ―――――――= 4.413 cm
⎛ εcy ⎞
⎜1 + ―― ⎟ Profundidad
⎝ 2 ⋅ εy ⎠ del eje neutro

⎛ εcy ⋅ ((d - c)) ⎞

m ≔ min ⎜―――― , c⎟ = 4.235 cm
⎝ εy ⎠

Luego se define la resultante de Traccion y Compresion

T ≔ As ⋅ fy = 16.709 tonnef Traccion Resultante

C1 ≔ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ ((c - m)) ⋅ b = 1.292 tonnef Compresion en zona

rectangular
0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ m ⋅ b
C2 ≔ ――――― = 15.417 tonnef Compresion en zona
2 triangular
C ≔ C1 + C2
⎛ m⎞
C ≔ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ b ⋅ ⎜c - ―⎟ = 16.709 tonnef Compresion Resultante
⎝ 2⎠

Por Ultimo, se obtiene la curvatura cedente y el momento cedente

εy 1
ϕy ≔ ――― = 0.01889 ― Curvatura Cedente
((d - c)) m
 ⎛ ((c - m)) ⎞ ⎛ 2⋅m⎞
My ≔ C1 ⋅ ⎜d - ――― ⎟ + C2 ⋅ ⎜d - c + ―― ⎟ = 2.26 tonnef ⋅ m momento Cedente
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠

6.3. Estudio de la condicion ultima (agotamiento)

Profundidad del Eje Neutro

β1 ≔ 0.85
As ⋅ fy
c ≔ ――――― = 2.7 cm
0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ β1 ⋅ b

Al obtener la profundidad del eje neutro se verifica que el acero este en

cedencia:
εcu ⋅ ((d - c))
εs ≔ ―――― = 0.0137 if ⎛⎝εs ≥ εy , “OK” , “No cumple”⎞⎠ = “OK”
c
Luego, se define la resultante de Traccion y Compresion

T ≔ As ⋅ fy = 16.709 tonnef Traccion Resultante

a ≔ β1 ⋅ c = 2.295 cm Profundidad del bloque

equivalente a compresion
C ≔ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ a ⋅ b = 16.709 tonnef Compresion Resultante

Tambien, es factible verificar el comportamiento de la

seccion, tomando en cuenta la deformacion en el acero a
traccion:

εcu ⋅ ((d - c))

εs ≔ ―――― = 0.0137
c

if ⎛⎝εs > 0.005 , “Controlada por traccion” , “En transicion”⎞⎠ = “Controlada por traccion”
 if ⎛⎝εs > 0.005 , “Controlada por traccion” , “En transicion”⎞⎠ = “Controlada por traccion”

Por Ultimo, se obtiene la curvatura ultima y el momento

ultimo
εcu Curvatura Ultima
1
ϕu ≔ ―― = 0.11111 ―
c m

⎛ β1 ⋅ c ⎞
Mu ≔ C ⋅ ⎜d - ―― ⎟ = 2.315 tonnef ⋅ m Momento Ultimo
⎝ 2 ⎠
M ϕ

0 0
0.00534 0.02603 MA ϕA
2.5

2.25
My ϕy
2 Mu ϕu
1.75

1.5

1.25

1 M ((tonnef ⋅ m))
0.75

0.5

0.25

0
0.000000.010000.020000.030000.040000.050000.060000.070000.080000.090000.100000.110000.12000

⎛1⎞
ϕ ⎜―⎟
⎝m⎠

Ductubilidad de la seccion
ϕu
μ3 ≔ ― = 5.882
ϕy

7.-Analisis del Caso 4:

 7.-Analisis del Caso 4:

As ≔ As4 = 5.462 cm 2 Acero de refuerzo

5.1 Estudio de la condicion de agrietamiento

Asc ≔ b ⋅ h + ((n - 1)) ⋅ As = 846.448 cm 2 Area de la seccion equivalente

h2
b ⋅ ― + ((n - 1)) ⋅ As ⋅ d
2
c ≔ ――――――― = 10.274 cm Profundidad del eje neutro
Asc
2
b ⋅ h3 ⎛h ⎞ 2
ISE ≔ ――+ b ⋅ h ⋅ ⎜―- c⎟ + ((n - 1)) ⋅ As ⋅ ((d - c)) = ⎛⎝2.776 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ cm 4
12 ⎝2 ⎠ Inercia de la seccion
equivalente respecto al
eje neutro
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
kgf kgf
fr ≔ 2 ⋅ f'c ⋅ ―― 2
= 29.267 ―― Modulo de rotura
cm cm 2

fr 1
ϕA ≔ ―――― = 0.001362 ― Curvatura de agrietamiento
Ec ⋅ ((h - c)) m

fr ⋅ ISE
MA ≔ ――― = 0.835 tonnef ⋅ m Momento de agrietamiento
((h - c))

7.2 Estudio de la condicion de cedencia

Hipotesis:

El acero de refuerzo esta cediendo

Compartamiento elastico-plastico del acero
El concreto no ha alcanzado su agotamiento
Comportamiento lineal elastico del concreto
 Estableciendo el equilibrio de fuerzas T=C y la relacion de
deformaciones:
fc ⋅ c ⋅ b Ec ⋅ εc ⋅ c ⋅ b
――― ＝ As ⋅ fy fc ＝ Ec ⋅ εc ―――― ＝ As ⋅ fy
2 2

εc εy εy ⋅ c Ec ⋅ εy ⋅ c 2 ⋅ b
―＝ ―― εc ＝ ―― ――――＝ As ⋅ fy
c d-c d-c 2 ((d - c))

Ecuación para determinar el eje neutro de la sección

c 2 ⋅ ⎛⎝Ec ⋅ εy ⋅ b⎞⎠ + c ⋅ ⎛⎝2 ⋅ As ⋅ fy⎞⎠ - 2 ⋅ As ⋅ fy ⋅ d ＝ 0 A ⋅ c2 + B ⋅ c + D＝0

tonnef
A ≔ Ec ⋅ εy ⋅ b = ⎛⎝1.768 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ ―――
m
B ≔ 2 ⋅ As ⋅ fy = 55.698 tonnef

D ≔ -2 ⋅ As ⋅ fy ⋅ d = -8.355 tonnef ⋅ m

Profundidad del eje neutro:

-B + ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
B2 - 4 ⋅ A ⋅ D
c ≔ ――――――― = 5.478 cm
2⋅A

Al obtener la profundidad del eje neutro, se verifica que el concreto tenga

un comportamiento elastico:

kgf
fc_Limite ≔ 0.70 ⋅ f'c = 149.898 ―― Esfuerzo limite de comportamiento
cm 2 elastico del concreto
εy ⋅ c
εc ≔ ――― = 0.00115 if ⎛⎝εc < εcu , “ok” , “No cumple”⎞⎠ = “ok”
((d - c))

kgf
fc ≔ Ec ⋅ εc = 254.21 ―― if ⎛⎝fc < fc_Limite , “ok” , “No cumple”⎞⎠ = “No cumple”
cm 2

Debido a que no cumple, se debe plantear que el concreto se comporta no lineal

para lo cual, se establece un bilineal equivalente (elasto-plastico)
Debido a que no cumple, se debe plantear que el concreto se comporta no lineal
para lo cual, se establece un bilineal equivalente (elasto-plastico)

Se asume la siguiente deformación elástica del concreto en el

modelo bilineal equivalente:

εcy ≔ 0.0008
As ⋅ fy εcy ⋅ d
――――+ ――
⎛⎝0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ b⎞⎠ 2 ⋅ εy
c ≔ ―――――――= 5.688 cm
⎛ εcy ⎞
⎜1 + ―― ⎟ Profundidad
⎝ 2 ⋅ εy ⎠ del eje neutro

⎛ εcy ⋅ ((d - c)) ⎞

m ≔ min ⎜―――― , c⎟ = 3.725 cm
⎝ εy ⎠

Luego se define la resultante de Traccion y Compresion

T ≔ As ⋅ fy = 27.849 tonnef Traccion Resultante

C1 ≔ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ ((c - m)) ⋅ b = 14.288 tonnef Compresion en zona

rectangular
0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ m ⋅ b
C2 ≔ ――――― = 13.56 tonnef Compresion en zona
2 triangular
C ≔ C1 + C2
⎛ m⎞
C ≔ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ b ⋅ ⎜c - ―⎟ = 27.849 tonnef Compresion Resultante
⎝ 2⎠

Por Ultimo, se obtiene la curvatura cedente y el momento cedente

εy 1
ϕy ≔ ――― = 0.02148 ― Curvatura Cedente
((d - c)) m

⎛ ((c - m)) ⎞ ⎛ 2⋅m⎞

My ≔ C1 ⋅ ⎜d - ――― ⎟ + C2 ⋅ ⎜d - c + ―― ⎟ = 3.603 tonnef ⋅ m momento Cedente
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠
 ⎛ ((c - m)) ⎞ ⎛ 2⋅m⎞
My ≔ C1 ⋅ ⎜d - ――― ⎟ + C2 ⋅ ⎜d - c + ―― ⎟ = 3.603 tonnef ⋅ m
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠

6.3. Estudio de la condicion ultima (agotamiento)

Profundidad del Eje Neutro

β1 ≔ 0.85
As ⋅ fy
c ≔ ――――― = 4.5 cm
0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ β1 ⋅ b

Al obtener la profundidad del eje neutro se verifica que el acero este en

cedencia:
εcu ⋅ ((d - c))
εs ≔ ―――― = 0.007 if ⎛⎝εs ≥ εy , “OK” , “No cumple”⎞⎠ = “OK”
c
Luego, se define la resultante de Traccion y Compresion

T ≔ As ⋅ fy = 27.849 tonnef Traccion Resultante

a ≔ β1 ⋅ c = 3.825 cm Profundidad del bloque

equivalente a compresion

C ≔ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ a ⋅ b = 27.849 tonnef Compresion Resultante

Tambien, es factible verificar el comportamiento de la

seccion, tomando en cuenta la deformacion en el acero a
traccion:

εcu ⋅ ((d - c))

εs ≔ ―――― = 0.007
c

if ⎛⎝εs > 0.005 , “Controlada por traccion” , “En transicion”⎞⎠ = “Controlada por traccion”
 if ⎛⎝εs > 0.005 , “Controlada por traccion” , “En transicion”⎞⎠ = “Controlada por traccion”

Por Ultimo, se obtiene la curvatura ultima y el momento

ultimo
εcu Curvatura Ultima
1
ϕu ≔ ―― = 0.0667 ―
c m

⎛ β1 ⋅ c ⎞
Mu ≔ C ⋅ ⎜d - ―― ⎟ = 3.645 tonnef ⋅ m Momento Ultimo
⎝ 2 ⎠
M ϕ

0 0
0.00582 0.01820 MA ϕA
3.85

3.5
My ϕy
3.15
Mu ϕu
2.8

2.45

2.1

1.75

1.4
M ((tonnef ⋅ m))
1.05

0.7

0.35

0
0.000000.006500.013000.019500.026000.032500.039000.045500.052000.058500.065000.07150

⎛1⎞
ϕ ⎜―⎟
⎝m⎠

Ductubilidad de la seccion
ϕu
μ4 ≔ ― = 3.104
ϕy

8.-Analisis de resultados:
8.-Analisis de resultados:

As1 = 1.092 cm 2 ρ1 = 0.002 μ1 = 20.374

As2 = 2.185 cm 2 ρ2 = 0.004 μ2 = 9.364

As3 = 3.277 cm 2 ρ3 = 0.005 μ3 = 5.882

As4 = 5.462 cm 2 ρ4 = 0.009 μ4 = 3.104

ρ μ

ρ1 μ1
ρ2 μ2
ρ3 μ3
ρ4 μ4
4.104

0.009

0.009
0.008

0.008

0.007

0.006

0.006
ρ
0.005

0.004

0.003

0.003

0.002

3 4.5 6 7.5 9 10.5 12 13.5 15 16.5 18 19.5 21

μ

Si consideramos la siguiente ρ5 ≔ 0.008

cuantía:

Se produce una ductilidad μ5 ≔ 4.104

de: