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UNIVERSIDAD PRIVADA
ANTENOR ORREGO
ESCUELA :
INGENIERIA INDUSTRIAL
CURSO :
METODOS NUMERICOS
PROFESOR :
SOLIS ULLOA, WILLIAM FERNANDO
INTEGRANTES :
TRUJILLO- PERU
2
INDICE
INTERPOLACIÓN DE LAGRANGE:
INTERPOLACIÓN DE NEWTON:
MÉTODO DE CUADRATURA:
MÉTODO DE SIMPSON:
EJERCICIOS DE RECUPERACIÓN
PRESENTACIÓN
Los métodos numéricos nos vuelven aptos para entender esquemas numéricos
a fin de resolver problemas matemáticos, de ingeniería y científicos en una
computadora, reducir esquemas numéricos básicos, escribir programas y
resolverlos en una computadora y usar correctamente el software existente
para dichos métodos y no solo aumenta nuestra habilidad para el uso de
computadoras, sino que también amplia la pericia matemática y la comprensión
de los principios científicos básicos.
El análisis numérico trata de diseñar métodos para “aproximar” de una manera
eficiente las soluciones de problemas expresados matemáticamente. El objetivo
principal del análisis numérico es encontrar soluciones “aproximadas” a
problemas complejos utilizando sólo las operaciones más simples de la
aritmética. Se requiere de una secuencia de operaciones algebraicas y lógicas
que producen la aproximación al problema matemático.
𝑥0 = 0
𝒙 𝒇(𝒙)
0 1 𝑥1 = 1
1 2.71828
2 7.38906 𝑥2 = 2
Reemplazando tenemos:
10
2) 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = ⅇ 𝑥 . cos 3𝑥 ; 𝑥0 = 0 ; 𝑥1 = 0.3 ; 𝑥2 = 0
𝒙 𝒇(𝒙) 𝑥0 = 0
0 1
1 0.83909 𝑥1 = 0.3
2 -0.41399
𝑥2 = 0.6
SOLUCION:
𝑃 (𝑥 ) = 𝐿0(𝑥 )(1) + 𝐿1(𝑥 )(0.83909) + 𝐿2 (𝑥 )(−0.41399)
Donde:
(𝑥 − 0,3)(𝑥 − 0,6) (𝑥 − 0)(𝑥 − 0,6)
𝑃 (𝑥 ) = 1+ + 0,83909 +
(0 − 0,3)(0 − 0,6) (0,3 − 0)(0,3 − 0,6)
(𝑥 − 0)(𝑥 − 0,3)
− 0,41399
(0,6 − 0)(0,6 − 0,3)
11
3) 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 . sen 𝑥 ; 𝑥0 = 0 ; 𝑥1 = 2 ; 𝑥2 = 3
𝒙 𝒇(𝒙) 𝑥0 = 0
0 0
𝑥1 = 2
1 1.8186
2 0.4235 𝑥2 = 3
(𝑥 − 0)(𝑥 − 3) 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 0 + 0 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥
𝐿1(𝑥 ) = = =− = −0,5𝑥 2 + 1.5𝑥
(2 − 0)(2 − 3) (2)(−1) 2
(𝑥 − 0)(𝑥 − 2) 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥
𝐿2 (𝑥 ) = = = 0.3333𝑥 2 − 0.6667𝑥
(3 − 0)(3 − 2) 3
Reemplazando en (*) tenemos:
𝑃 (𝑥 ) = (0.1667𝑥 2 − 0.8333𝑥 + 1)(0) + (−0.5𝑥 2 + 1.5𝑥 )(1.8186)
+ (0.3333𝑥 2 − 0.6667𝑥 )(0.4234)
Desarrollando tenemos:
𝑃 (𝑥 ) = 0 + (−0.9093𝑥 2 + 2.7279) + 0.1411𝑥 2 − 0.2823𝑥
12
𝒙 𝒇(𝒙) 𝑥0 = −1
0 1
1 -1 𝑥1 = 0
2 2 𝑥2 = 2
3 2
𝑥3 = 3
Reemplazando tenemos:
𝑃3(𝑥 ) = 𝐿0(𝑥 ) ⋅ 𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 𝐿1(𝑥 ) ⋅ 𝑓 (𝑥1 ) + 𝐿2(𝑥 ) ⋅ 𝑓 (𝑥2 ) + 𝐿3(𝑥 ) ⋅ 𝑓 (𝑥3 )
𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 6 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥
= (1) + (−1) + (2 ) + (2)
−12 6 −6 12
𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 −𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 6 2𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 2𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥
= + + +
−12 6 −6 12
−𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 2𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 12 − 4𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 2𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥
=
12
−5𝑥 3 + 19𝑥 2 − 12
=
12
−0.41667𝑥 3 + 1.58333𝑥 2 − 1
13
𝒙 𝒇(𝒙) 𝑥0 = 1
0 0
1 0.22314 𝑥1 = 1.25
2 0.40547 𝑥2 = 1.5
3 0.55962
𝑥3 = 1.75
𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 − 5.1875𝑥 − 2.1875
=
−0.03125
(𝑥 − 𝑥0 )(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )(𝑥 − 𝑥2 ) (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 1.25)(𝑥 − 1.5)
𝐿 3 (𝑥 ) = =
(𝑥3 − 𝑥0 )(𝑥3 − 𝑥1 )(𝑥3 − 𝑥2 ) (1.75 − 1)(1.75 − 1.25)(1.75 − 1.5)
Reemplazando tenemos:
𝑃3(𝑥 ) = 𝐿0(𝑥 ) ⋅ 𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 𝐿1(𝑥 ) ⋅ 𝑓 (𝑥1 ) + 𝐿2(𝑥 ) ⋅ 𝑓 (𝑥2 ) + 𝐿3(𝑥 ) ⋅ 𝑓 (𝑥3 )
𝑥 3 − 4.25𝑥 2 + 5.875𝑥 − 2.625 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 5.1875𝑥 − 2.1875
=0+ (0.22314) + (0.40547)
0.03125 −0.03125
𝑥 3 − 3.75𝑥 2 − 4.625𝑥 − 1.875
+ (0.55962)
0.09375
14
SOLUCION:
Desarrollando tenemos:
𝑃 (𝑥 ) = −2.5520735𝑥 + 6.63533911 + 2.406653𝑥 − 5.7759672
𝑃 (𝑥 ) = −0.1454205𝑥 − 12.4113583
15
CASO Nª1:
Reemplazando:
𝑃 (𝑥 ) = 𝐿0(𝑥 ) ⋅ 𝑓 (0.5207843) + 𝐿1(𝑥 ) ⋅ 𝑓 (0.5104147) + 𝐿2 (𝑥 ) ⋅ 𝑓 (0.4813306)
Donde:
(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )(𝑥 − 𝑥2 ) (𝑥 − 2.4)(𝑥 − 2.6) 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 2 + 6.24
𝐿 0 (𝑥 ) = = =
(𝑥0 − 𝑥1 )(𝑥0 − 𝑥2 ) (2.2 − 2.4)(2.2 − 2.6) 0.08
(𝑥 − 𝑥0 )(𝑥 − 𝑥2 ) (𝑥 − 2.2)(𝑥 − 2.6) 𝑥 2 − 4.8𝑥 + 5.72
𝐿1 (𝑥 ) = = =
(𝑥1 − 𝑥0 )(𝑥1 − 𝑥2 ) (2.4 − 2.2)(2.4 − 2.6) −0.04
(𝑥 − 𝑥0 )(𝑥 − 𝑥1 ) (𝑥 − 2.2)(𝑥 − 2.2) 𝑥 2 − 4.6𝑥 + 5.28
𝐿 2 (𝑥 ) = = =
(𝑥2 − 𝑥0 )(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 ) (2.6 − 2.2)(2.6 − 2.4) 0.08
Reemplazando:
𝑃(2.5)=0.4982119625
16
CASO Nª2:
Donde:
(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )(𝑥 − 𝑥2 ) (𝑥 − 2.6)(𝑥 − 2.8) 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 7.28
𝐿 0 (𝑥 ) = = =
(𝑥0 − 𝑥1 )(𝑥0 − 𝑥2 ) (2.4 − 2.6)(2.4 − 2.8) 0.08
(𝑥 − 𝑥0 )(𝑥 − 𝑥2 ) (𝑥 − 2.4)(𝑥 − 2.8) 𝑥 2 − 5.2𝑥 + 6.72
𝐿1 (𝑥 ) = = =
(𝑥1 − 𝑥0 )(𝑥1 − 𝑥2 ) (2.6 − 2.4)(2.6 − 2.8) −0.04
(𝑥 − 𝑥0 )(𝑥 − 𝑥1 ) (𝑥 − 2.4)(𝑥 − 2.6) 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6.24
𝐿 2 (𝑥 ) = = =
(𝑥2 − 𝑥0 )(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 ) (2.8 − 2.4)(2.8 − 2.6) 0.08
Reemplazando:
𝑃(2.5)=0.49791
17
𝒙 𝒇(𝒙)
0 1 𝑥0 = −1
1 -1 𝑥1 = 0
2 2
3 2 𝑥2 = 2
𝑥3 = 3
Reemplazando tenemos:
𝑃3(𝑥 ) = 𝐿0(𝑥 ) ⋅ 𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 𝐿1(𝑥 ) ⋅ 𝑓 (𝑥1 ) + 𝐿2(𝑥 ) ⋅ 𝑓 (𝑥2 ) + 𝐿3(𝑥 ) ⋅ 𝑓 (𝑥3 )
𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 6 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥
= (1) + (−1) + (2 ) + (2)
−12 6 −6 12
𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 −𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 6 2𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 2𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥
= + + +
−12 6 −6 12
−𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 2𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 12 − 4𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 2𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥
=
12
−5𝑥 3 + 19𝑥 2 − 12
=
12
18
𝒙 𝒇(𝒙) 𝑥0 = 2
2 7.389056
𝑥1 = 2.5
2.5 12.182494
3 20.085537 𝑥2 = 3
4 54.598150 𝑥3 = 4
Reemplazando:
𝑃 (𝑥 ) = 𝐿0(𝑥 ) ⋅ (7.389056) + 𝐿1(𝑥 ) ⋅ (12.182494) + 𝐿2 (𝑥 ) ⋅ (20.085537)
+ 𝐿3(𝑥 ) ⋅ (54.598150)
Entonces:
1
𝐿0 (𝑥 ) = − (𝑥 3 − 9.5𝑥 2 + 29.5𝑥 − 30) = −𝑥 3 + 9.5𝑥 2 − 29.5𝑥 + 30
1
1 2
𝐿1 (𝑥 ) = (𝑥3 − 9𝑥2 + 26𝑥 − 24) = 2.66667𝑥3 − 24𝑥 + 69.3333𝑥 + 64
0.375
1 2
𝐿 2 (𝑥 ) = (𝑥3 − 8.5𝑥2 + 23𝑥 − 20) = −2𝑥3 + 17𝑥 − 46𝑥 + 40
−0.5
19
1 3 2
𝐿 3 (𝑥 ) = (𝑥 − 7.5𝑥2 + 18.5𝑥 − 15) = 0.3333𝑥3 − 3.5𝑥 + 6.16667𝑥 − 5
3
Reemplazando tenemos:
20
21
Dados los puntos (1,2), (3,3), (4,2) y (8,10), se quiere obtener el polinomio
interpolante que pase por ellos. Hallar por medio de las diferencias
divididas, el polinomio progresivo y regresivo.
𝑥0 = 1
𝑷(𝒙) = 𝒂𝟎 + 𝒂𝟏 (𝒙 − 𝒙𝟎 )+𝒂𝟐(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟎 )(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟏 ) + 𝐚𝟑 (𝐱 − 𝐱𝟎 )(𝐱 − 𝐱𝟏 )(𝐱 − 𝐱𝟐 )
𝑥1 = 3
= 𝒂𝟎 + 𝒂𝟏 (𝒙 − 𝟏) + 𝒂𝟐 (𝒙 − 𝟏)(𝒙 − 𝟑) + 𝒂𝟑 (𝒙 − 𝟏)(𝒙 − 𝟑)(𝒙 − 𝟒)
𝑥2 = 4
𝑥3 = 8
𝒂𝟎
𝒂𝟏
𝒙𝟎 = 𝟏 ⇒ 𝒇(𝒙𝟎 ) = 𝟐 𝒂𝟐
𝟏
𝒇(𝒙𝟎 , 𝒙𝟏 ) = 𝒂𝟑
𝟐
𝟏
𝒙𝟏 = 𝟑 ⇒ 𝒇(𝒙𝟏 ) = 𝟑 𝒇(𝒙𝟎 , 𝒙𝟏 , 𝒙𝟐 ) = −
𝟐
𝟏𝟏
𝒇(𝒙𝟏 , 𝒙𝟐 ) = −𝟏 𝒇(𝒙𝟎 , 𝒙𝟏 , 𝒙𝟐 , 𝒙𝟑 ) =
𝟕𝟎
𝟑
𝒙𝟐 = 𝟒 ⇒ 𝒇(𝒙𝟐 ) = 𝟐 𝒇(𝒙𝟏 , 𝒙𝟐 , 𝒙𝟑 ) =
𝟓
𝒇(𝒙𝟐 , 𝒙𝟑 ) = 𝟐
𝒙𝟑 = 𝟖 ⇒ 𝒇(𝒙𝟑 ) = 𝟏𝟎
Desarrollo:
f(x1 ) − f(x0 ) 3 − 2 1
f(x0 , x1 ) = = =
x1 − x 0 3−1 2
f(x2 ) − f(x1) 2 − 3
f(x1 , x2 ) = = = −1
x2 − x1 4−3
22
f(x3 ) − f(x2 ) 10 − 2
f(x2 , x3 ) = = =2
x3 − x2 8−4
1
f(x1, x2 ) − f(x0 , x1) −1 − 2 1
f(x0 , x1 , x2 ) = = =−
x2 − x0 4−1 2
f(x2, x3 ) − f(x1, x2 ) 2 − (−1) 3
f(x1 , x2 , x3 ) = = =
x3 − x1 3−1 5
3 1
f(x1 , x2 , x3 ) − f(x0, x1, x2 ) 5 − (− 2) 11
f(x0 , x1 , x2 , x3 ) = = =
x3 − x0 8−1 70
Polinomio Progresivo:
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏𝟏
𝑷𝟑 (𝒙) = 𝟐 + (𝒙 − 𝟏) − (𝒙 − 𝟏)(𝒙 − 𝟑) + (𝒙 − 𝟏)(𝒙 − 𝟑)(𝒙 − 𝟒)
𝟐 𝟐 𝟕𝟎
11 3 123 2 192 66
𝑃3(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝑥−
70 70 35 35
Polinomio Regresivo:
𝟑 𝟏𝟏
𝑷𝟑 (𝒙) = 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟐(𝒙 − 𝟖) + (𝒙 − 𝟖)(𝒙 − 𝟒) + (𝒙 − 𝟖)(𝒙 − 𝟒)(𝒙 − 𝟑)
𝟓 𝟕𝟎
11 3 123 2 192 66
𝑃3(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝑥−
70 70 35 55
23
𝑥0 = −1
𝒙 𝒇(𝒙)
0 1 𝑥1 = 0
1 -1
𝑥2 = 2
2 2
3 2 𝑥3 = 3
𝒂𝟎
𝒂𝟏
𝒙𝟎 = 𝟏 ⇒ 𝒇(𝒙𝟎 ) = 𝟏 𝒂𝟐
𝒇(𝒙𝟎 , 𝒙𝟏 ) = −𝟐
𝒂𝟑
𝟕
𝒙𝟏 = 𝟎 ⇒ 𝒇(𝒙𝟏 ) = −𝟏 𝒇(𝒙𝟎 , 𝒙𝟏 , 𝒙𝟐 ) =
𝟔
𝟑 𝟓
𝒇(𝒙𝟏 , 𝒙𝟐 ) = 𝒇(𝒙𝟎 , 𝒙𝟏 , 𝒙𝟐 , 𝒙𝟑 ) = −
𝟐 𝟏𝟐
𝟏
𝒙𝟐 = 𝟐 ⇒ 𝒇(𝒙𝟐 ) = 𝟐 𝒇(𝒙𝟏 , 𝒙𝟐 , 𝒙𝟑 ) = −
𝟐
𝒇(𝒙𝟐 , 𝒙𝟑 ) = 𝟎
𝒙𝟑 = 𝟑 ⇒ 𝒇(𝒙𝟑 ) = 𝟐
Desarrollo:
f(x1 ) − f(x0 ) −1 − 1
f(x0 , x1 ) = = =2
x1 − x 0 0 − (−1)
f(x2 ) − f(x1) 2 − (−1) 3
f(x1 , x2 ) = = =
x2 − x1 2−0 2
f(x3 ) − f(x2 ) 2 − 2
f(x2 , x3 ) = = =0
x3 − x2 3−2
24
3
f(x1, x2 ) − f(x0 , x1) 2 − (−2) 7
f(x0 , x1 , x2 ) = = =
x2 − x0 2 − (−1) 6
3
f(x2, x3 ) − f(x1, x2 ) 0 − 2 1
f(x1 , x2 , x3 ) = = =−
x3 − x1 3−0 2
1 7
f(x1 , x2 , x3 ) − f(x0, x1, x2 ) − −
f(x0 , x1 , x2 , x3 ) = = 2 6 =− 5
x3 − x0 3 − (−1) 12
Polinomio Interpolar:
5 3 19 2
𝑃3(𝑥 ) = − 𝑥 + 𝑥 −1
12 12
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 𝑥0 = 1 ; 𝑥1 = 2 ; 𝑥2 = 3 ; 𝑥3 = 4 ; 𝑥4 = 6
25
𝒙 𝒇(𝒙) 𝑥0 = 1
0 1
1 64 𝑥1 = 4
2 210 𝑥2 = 6
𝑷𝟎 (𝒙) = 𝒂𝟎
𝑷𝟑 (𝒙) = 𝒂𝟎 + 𝒂𝟏 (𝒙 − 𝒙𝟎 )+𝒂𝟐 (𝒙 − 𝒙𝟎 )(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟏 ) + 𝐚𝟑 (𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟎 )(𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟏 )(𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟐 )
𝑷𝟒 (𝒙) = 𝒂𝟎 + 𝒂𝟏 (𝒙 − 𝒙𝟎 )+𝒂𝟐 (𝒙 − 𝒙𝟎 )(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟏 ) + 𝐚𝟑 (𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟎 )(𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟏 )(𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟐 )
+ 𝐚𝟒 (𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟎 )(𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟏 )(𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟐 )(𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟑 )
𝒂𝟎
𝒂𝟏
𝒙𝟎 = 𝟏 ⇒ 𝒇(𝒙𝟎 ) = 𝟏 𝒂𝟐
𝒇(𝒙𝟎 , 𝒙𝟏 ) = 𝟕
𝒙𝟏 = 𝟐 ⇒ 𝒇(𝒙𝟏 ) = 𝟖 𝒇(𝒙𝟎 , 𝒙𝟏 , 𝒙𝟐 ) = 𝟔
𝒇(𝒙𝟏 , 𝒙𝟐 ) = 𝟏𝟗
𝒙𝟐 = 𝟑 ⇒ 𝒇(𝒙𝟐 ) = 𝟐𝟕 𝒇(𝒙𝟏 , 𝒙𝟐 , 𝒙𝟑 ) = 𝟗
𝒇(𝒙𝟐 , 𝒙𝟑 ) = 𝟑𝟕
𝒙𝟑 = 𝟒 ⇒ 𝒇(𝒙𝟑 ) = 𝟔𝟒 𝒇(𝒙𝟐 , 𝒙𝟑 , 𝒙𝟒 ) = 𝟏𝟑
𝒇(𝒙𝟑 , 𝒙𝟒 ) = 𝟕𝟔
𝒙𝟒 = 𝟔 ⇒ 𝒇(𝒙𝟒 ) = 𝟐𝟏𝟔
26
𝒂𝟑
𝒂𝟒
𝒇(𝒙𝟎 , 𝒙𝟏 , 𝒙𝟐 , 𝒙𝟑 ) = 𝟏
𝒇(𝒙𝟎 , 𝒙𝟏 , 𝒙𝟐 , 𝒙𝟑 , 𝒙𝟒 ) = 𝟎
𝒇(𝒙𝟏 , 𝒙𝟐 , 𝒙𝟑 , 𝒙𝟒 ) = 𝟏
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 𝑥0 = 1 ; 𝑥1 = 2 ; 𝑥2 = 3 ; 𝑥3 = 4 ; 𝑥4 = 6
𝒙 𝒇(𝒙)
0 1
1 8
2 27
3 64
4 216
𝑷𝟏 (𝒙) = 𝒂𝟎 + 𝒂𝟏 (𝒙 − 𝒙𝟎 )
𝑷𝟐 (𝒙) = 𝒂𝟎 + 𝒂𝟏 (𝒙 − 𝒙𝟎 )+𝒂𝟐 (𝒙 − 𝒙𝟎 )(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟏 )
𝑷𝟒 (𝒙) = 𝒂𝟎 + 𝒂𝟏 (𝒙 − 𝒙𝟎 )+𝒂𝟐 (𝒙 − 𝒙𝟎 )(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟏 ) + 𝐚𝟑 (𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟎 )(𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟏 )(𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟐 )
+ 𝐚𝟒 (𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟎 )(𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟏 )(𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟐 )(𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟑 )
27
𝒂𝟎
𝒂𝟏
𝒙𝟎 = 𝟏 ⇒ 𝒇(𝒙𝟎 ) = 𝟏 𝒂𝟐
𝒇(𝒙𝟎 , 𝒙𝟏 ) = 𝟕
𝒙𝟏 = 𝟐 ⇒ 𝒇(𝒙𝟏 ) = 𝟖 𝒇(𝒙𝟎 , 𝒙𝟏 , 𝒙𝟐 ) = 𝟔
𝒇(𝒙𝟏 , 𝒙𝟐 ) = 𝟏𝟗
𝒙𝟐 = 𝟑 ⇒ 𝒇(𝒙𝟐 ) = 𝟐𝟕 𝒇(𝒙𝟏 , 𝒙𝟐 , 𝒙𝟑 ) = 𝟗
𝒇(𝒙𝟐 , 𝒙𝟑 ) = 𝟑𝟕
𝒙𝟑 = 𝟒 ⇒ 𝒇(𝒙𝟑 ) = 𝟔𝟒 𝒇(𝒙𝟐 , 𝒙𝟑 , 𝒙𝟒 ) = 𝟏𝟑
𝒇(𝒙𝟑 , 𝒙𝟒 ) = 𝟕𝟔
𝒙𝟒 = 𝟔 ⇒ 𝒇(𝒙𝟒 ) = 𝟐𝟏𝟔
𝒂𝟑
𝒂𝟒
𝒇(𝒙𝟎 , 𝒙𝟏 , 𝒙𝟐 , 𝒙𝟑 ) = 𝟏
𝒇(𝒙𝟎 , 𝒙𝟏 , 𝒙𝟐 , 𝒙𝟑 , 𝒙𝟒 ) = 𝟎
𝒇(𝒙𝟏 , 𝒙𝟐 , 𝒙𝟑 , 𝒙𝟒 ) = 𝟏
28
𝒙 𝒇(𝒙) 𝑥0 = 0
0 ⅇ
𝟏 3 1
ⅇ2 𝑥1 =
𝟐 2
1 ⅇ2 𝑥2 = 1
𝒂𝟎
𝒂𝟏
𝒙𝟎 = 𝟎 ⇒ 𝒇(𝒙𝟎 ) = ⅇ 𝒂𝟐
𝒇(𝒙𝟎 , 𝒙𝟏 ) = 𝟑. 𝟓𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟏
𝟑
𝟏
𝒙𝟏 = ⇒ 𝒇(𝒙𝟏 ) = ⅇ𝟐 𝒇(𝒙𝟎 , 𝒙𝟏 , 𝒙𝟐 ) = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟖𝟕𝟗𝟐
𝟐
𝒇(𝒙𝟏 , 𝒙𝟐 ) = 𝟓. 𝟖𝟏𝟒𝟕𝟑
𝒙𝟐 = 𝟏 ⇒ 𝒇(𝒙𝟐 ) = ⅇ𝟐
Desarrollamos:
3
f(x1 ) − f(x0 ) e2 − e
f(x0 , x1 ) = = = 3.52681
x1 − x 0 1
−0
2
29
3
f(x2 ) − f(x1) e2 − e2
f(x1 , x2 ) = = = 5.81473
x2 − x1 1
1−
2
f(x1, x2 ) − f(x0 , x1) 5.81473 − 3.52681
f(x0 , x1 , x2 ) = = = 2.28792
x2 − x0 1−0
Polinomio de interpolación:
𝑷𝟐 (𝒙) = 𝒂𝟎 + 𝒂𝟏 (𝒙 − 𝒙𝟎 )+𝒂𝟐 (𝒙 − 𝒙𝟎 )(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟏 )
𝟏
𝑷𝟐 (𝒙) = ⅇ + 𝟑. 𝟓𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟏(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟎 ) + 𝟐. 𝟐𝟖𝟕𝟗𝟐(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟎 ) (𝒙 − )
𝟐
𝟏
𝑷𝟐 (𝒙) = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟖𝟕𝟗𝟐 (𝒙𝟐 − 𝐱) + 𝟑. 𝟓𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟏𝐱 + ⅇ
𝟐
𝑷𝟐 (𝒙) = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟖𝟕𝟗𝟐𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟏. 𝟏𝟒𝟑𝟗𝟔𝒙 + 𝟑. 𝟓𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟏𝒙 + ⅇ
𝑷(𝒙) = 𝟓. 𝟕𝟗𝟐𝟑𝟕
30
31
EJERCICIOS
1) Hallar los coeficientes 𝐴1, 𝐴2 , 𝐴3 de modo que la formula, sea exacta para
los polinomios del mayor grado posible. Hallar este grado.
1
0,5) + 𝐴2 ⋅ 𝑓 (0)+𝐴3 ⋅ 𝑓 (0,5)
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⅆ𝑥 = 𝐴1 ⋅ 𝑓 (-0.5
−1
𝐵 (𝑃) = {1, 𝑥, 𝑥 2, 𝑥 3 , 𝑥 4, ⋯ , 𝑥 0 }
Resolvemos:
𝑓(−0,5) = 1
1
𝑃0 (𝑥 ) = 1 ∫ (1) ⅆ𝑥 = 2 𝑓 (0) = 1
−1
𝑓 (0,5) =1
𝑓 (−0,5) = −0.5
1
𝑓 (0) = 0
𝑃1(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 ∫ (𝑥 ) ⅆ𝑥 = 0
−1 𝑓 (0,5) =0.5
1
2 1
𝑃2(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 ∫ (𝑥 2 ) ⅆ𝑥 = 𝑓 (−0,5) = −0,52 =
3 4
−1
𝑓 (0) = 02 = 0
1
𝑓 (0,5) = 0,52 =
4
32
1 1 2
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 𝐹 (𝑓 ) = 𝐴1 ⋅(-0.5)^2 𝑓(0)+𝐴3 ⋅ (0.5)^2
𝑓 ( ) + 𝐴2 ⋅ (0)^2 𝑓( ) =
4 4 3
1 1 1 𝐴1 2 1 1 1 2
[−0.5 0 0.5 ] [𝐴2 ] = [02 ] [−0.5 0 0.5 02 ]
0.25 0 0.25 𝐴3 0.25 0 0.25
3 3
1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2
0,5𝑓1 + 𝑓2 0 0.5 1 1
[ 0.5 2 + 𝑓3 [0
] 0.25𝑓 0.5 1 1]
−0,25𝑓1 + 𝑓2 0 −0.5
0.25 0
1 25
6
0 0 0.25
0.5 12
3
5
𝐴1 + 𝐴2 + 𝐴3 = 2 𝐴1 = 34
3
−4
0,5𝐴2 + 𝐴3 = 1 𝐴2 = -2
33
52 45
0,25𝐴
0.5 3 = 𝐴3 = 3
12
3 3
1
∫ 𝑓(𝑥 ) ⅆ𝑥 = 𝐴0 ⋅ 𝑓(0,5) + 𝐴1 ⋅ 𝑓 (0.5)+𝐴3 ⋅ 𝑓(0,75)
0
Resolvemos:
1
𝑃0 (𝑥 ) = 1 ∫ (1) ⅆ𝑥 = 1 𝑓 (0,25) = 1
0
𝐹 (𝑓 ) = 𝐴0 + 𝐴1+𝐴2 = 1 𝑓 (0.5) = 1
𝑓 (0,75) =1
33
𝑓(0,25) = 0.25
1
1 𝑓 (0.5) = 0.5
𝑃1(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 ∫ (𝑥 ) ⅆ𝑥 =
0 2 𝑓 (0,75) =0.75
1
𝐹 (𝑓 ) = 𝐴0 ⋅ 𝑓 (0,5) + 𝐴1 ⋅ 𝑓 (0.5)+𝐴2 ⋅ 𝑓 (0,75) =
2
𝑓 (0,25) = 0.0625
1
1
𝑃2(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2
∫ (𝑥 2 ) ⅆ𝑥 = 𝑓(0.5) = 0.25
0 3
𝑓 (0,75) = 0.5625
1
𝐹(𝑓 ) = 𝐴0 ⋅ 𝑓 (0,625) + 𝐴1 ⋅ 𝑓 (0.25)+𝐴2 ⋅ 𝑓 (0,5625) =
3
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 𝐴1 1
[ 0.5 0.5 0.75 ] [𝐴2 ] = [ 2 ] [ 0.25 0.5 0.75 0.5]
1
0.0625 0.25 0.5625 𝐴3 1 0.0625 025 0.5625
3 3
1 1 1 1
0,25𝑓1 + 𝑓2
[0 0.25 0.5 0.25] - 0.75
0.74𝑓2 + 𝑓3
−0,0625𝑓1 + 𝑓2 0 0.1875 0.5
13
48
1 1 1 1
0 0.25 0.5
0.25
[ 103 ]
1
0 0 0.13
1/8
1200
12
34
103
2
𝐴0 + 𝐴1 + 𝐴2 = 1 𝐴1 =
156
3
−25
0,25𝐴2 + (0.5)𝐴3 = 0.25 𝐴2 = -1
78
3
103
1 103
0,13𝐴
1/8 3 = 𝐴3 = 2
1200
12 156
3
1 3 3
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⅆ𝑥 = 𝐴1 ⋅ 𝑓 (−√ ) + 𝐴2 ⋅ 𝑓(0)+𝐴3 ⋅ 𝑓 (√ )
−1 5 5
Sea exacta para todos los polinomios de grado menor o igual que dos
Resolvemos:
1
𝑃0(𝑥 ) = 1 ∫ (1) ⅆ𝑥 = 2 𝐴10 + 𝐴12 +𝐴23 = 2
−1
1
1
∫ (𝑥 ) ⅆ𝑥 = 0 3 3
𝑃1(𝑥 ) = x0 −1 2 −√ 𝐴1 +√ 𝐴3 = 0
5 5
1
1
2
∫ (𝑥 2 ) ⅆ𝑥 = 3 3 2
𝑃2(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 0 3 𝐴1 + 𝐴1 =
5 5 3
35
1 1 1 1 1 1 2
12
3 3 𝐴1 3 3
−√ 0 √ [𝐴 ] = [0] −√ 0 √ 0
5 5 2 2 5 5
3 3 𝐴3 3 3 2
[ 0 3 0
5 5 ] [ 5 5 3]
1 1 1 2
3
√ 𝑓1 + 𝑓2 0 √
15 2√15 2√15
15
5 √ 𝑓2 + 𝑓3
5 5 5
3 5
𝑓1 + 𝑓2 3 8
5 [0 −
5
0 − ]
15
1 1 1 2
15 2√15 2√15
0 √
5 5 5
6 2
[0 0
5 3 ]
5
𝐴1 + 𝐴2 + 𝐴3 = 2 𝐴1 =
9
√15 2√15 2√15 8
𝐴2 + 𝐴3 = 𝐴2 =
5 5 5 9
6 2 5
𝐴3 = 𝐴3 =
5 3 9
36
1
1 1 1 3
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⅆ𝑥 = {7𝑓(0) + 32𝑓 ( ) + 12 𝑓 ( ) + 32𝑓 ( ) + 7𝑓 (1)}
0 90 4 2 4
1
1
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑥 ] =1
0 0
F(f) exacta para 𝑃0(𝑥 ) = 1
1 90
F(1) = (7 + 32 + 12 + 32 + 7) = =1
90 90
1
𝑥2 1 1
( )
∫ 𝑓 𝑥 ⅆ𝑥 = [ ] =
0 2 0 2
F(f) exacta para 𝑃1(𝑥 ) = 𝑥
1 45 1
F(x) = (0 + 8 + 6 + 24 + 7) = =
90 90 2
1
2)
𝑥3 1 1
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ⅆ𝑥 = [ ] =
0 3 0 3
F(f) exacta para 𝑃2(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2
1 30 1
F(x2 ) = (0 + 2 + 3 + 18 + 7) = =
90 90 3
37
1
3)
𝑥4 1 1
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ⅆ𝑥 = [ ] =
0 4 0 4
F(f) exacta para 𝑃3(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3
1 1 3 27 22.5 1
F(x3 ) = (0 + + + + 7) = =
90 2 2 2 90 90
4
1
4)
𝑥5 1 1
(
∫ 𝑓 𝑥 ⅆ𝑥 = [ ] =
0 5 0 5
F(f) exacta para 𝑃4(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 4
1 1 3 81 18 1
F(x3 ) = (0 + + + + 7) = =
90 8 4 8 90 5
1
5)
𝑥6 1 1
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ⅆ𝑥 = [ ] =
0 6 0 6
F(f) exacta para 𝑃5(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 5
1 1 3 243 15 1
F(x5 ) = (0 + + + + 7) = =
90 32 8 32 90 6
1
4
𝑥 45 𝑥 2 1 1
∫ (𝑥 − 𝑥 ) ⅆ𝑥 = [ − ] = − = −0.25
3
0 4
5 2 4
5 2
1 1 1 3
𝐹 (𝑓) = {0 + 32 ( − 1) + 12 ( − 2) + 32 ( − 3) + 7(1 − 4)}
90 4 2 4
−135
3
𝐹 (𝑓) = = −1,5
0.3
90
10
38
̅̅̅̅̅
5) Hallar los coeficientes 𝐴𝑖 ∀𝑖 = 𝑂, 3 , de manera tal que la formula
1
1 1
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⅆ𝑥 = 𝐴0𝑓 (−1) + 𝐴1𝑓 (− ) + 𝐴2 𝑓 ( ) + 𝐴3𝑓 (1)
−1 3 3
Sea exacta para todos los polinomios de grado menor o igual que tres.
Solución:
𝑏
∫ 𝑓(𝑥 ) ⅆ𝑥 = 𝐹 (𝑓 ) = 𝛴𝛼𝑖𝑃 (𝑥𝑖 )
𝑎
1
1 1
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⅆ𝑥 = 𝐴0 ⋅ 𝑓 (−1) + 𝐴1 ⋅ 𝑓 (− ) +𝐴2 ⋅ 𝑓 ( ) + 𝐴3 ⋅ 𝑓 (1)
−1 3 3
1
𝑃0(𝑥 ) = 1 ∫−1 1ⅆ𝑥 = 2 𝐴0 + 𝐴1 + 𝐴2 + 𝐴3 = 2
1 1 1
𝑃1(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 ∫−1 𝑥ⅆ𝑥 = 0 −1𝐴0 − 𝐴1 + 𝐴2 + 1𝐴3 = 0
3 3
1 2 1 1 2
𝑃2(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 ∫−1 𝑥 2 ⅆ𝑥 = 3 1𝐴0 + 𝐴1 + 𝐴2 + 1𝐴3 =
9 9 3
1 1 1
𝑃3(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 ∫−1 𝑥 3 ⅆ𝑥 = 0 −1𝐴0 − 𝐴1 + 𝐴2 + 1𝐴3 = 0
27 27
Sistema matricial:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
2
1 𝐴0
1 1 1 1
−1 − −1 − 1 0
5 3 𝐴1 0 3 3
1
1 1 [
1 𝐴2 ] = 2
1
1 1
1
2
9 9 3 9 9 3
1 1 𝐴3 [ 0] 1 1
[1 −
27 27
1] [1 −
27 27
1 0]
39
1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2
2 4 2 4
0 2 24 0 2 2
𝑓1 + 𝑓2 3 3 𝑓2 + 𝑓3 3 3
−𝑓1 + 𝑓3 ⇒ 8 8 4 3 ⇒ 8 8 4
0 − − 0 − 14 3 0 0
−𝑓1 + 𝑓4 9 9 3 𝑓2 + 𝑓4 9 3 3
28 26 9 10
6 8 8 28 10
[0 −
27
−
27
0 −2 ] [0 0
9 9 9
−2]
1 1 1 1 2
2 4
0 2 2
5 3 3
− 𝑓3 + 𝑓4 ⇒ 8 8 4
4 0 0
9 3 3
2 5
[0 0 0 −
9
− ]
9
𝐴0 + 𝐴1 + 𝐴2 + 𝐴3 = 2 𝐴0 = −2
2 4 15
𝐴1 + 𝐴2 + 2𝐴3 = 2 𝐴1 =
3 3 2
8 8 4
𝐴2 + 𝐴3 = 𝐴2 = −6
9 3 3
2 5 5
− 𝐴3 = − 𝐴3 =
9 9 2
40
𝑃0 (𝑥) = 1
1
∫ 1 ⅆ𝑥 = 1 − 0 = 1 ⇒ 𝐹(𝑓 ) = 𝐴[1 + 1] = 2𝐴 2𝐴 = 1
0
𝑃1 (𝑥) = 𝑥
1
1 1
∫ 𝑥 ⅆ𝑥 = − 0 = ⇒ 𝐹 (𝑓 ) = 𝐴[𝑥1 + 𝑥2 ] = 𝐴𝑥1 + 𝐴𝑥2
0 2 2
1
𝐴𝑥1 + 𝐴𝑥2 =
2
𝑃2 (𝑥) = 𝑥 2
1
1 1
∫ 𝑥 2 ⅆ𝑥 = − 0 = ⇒ 𝐹 (𝑓 ) = 𝐴[𝑥 21 + 𝑥 22 ] = 𝐴𝑥 21 + 𝐴𝑥 2 2
0 3 3
2
𝐴𝑥 21 + 𝐴𝑥 2 2 = 1
3
Reemplazando:
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 = 1 𝑥1 = 1 − 𝑥2
{ 2 3 ± √3
𝑥12 + 𝑥22 = 𝑥1 = 1 −
6
3
2 1
⇒ (1 − 𝑥2 )2 + 𝑥22 = 2(𝑥22 − 𝑥2 ) = −
3 3
2 1
1 − 2𝑥2 + 𝑥22 + 𝑥22 = 𝑥22 − 𝑥2 = −
3 6
1
2𝑥12 − 2𝑥2 = − 6(𝑥2 )2 − 6𝑥2 = −1
3
Ambos lados se
multiplican por 6
41
3±√3
𝑥2 = …………..(*)
6
1 1 3√3 3±√3
La ecuación cuadrática es: ∫0 𝑓 (𝑥) ⅆ𝑥 = 2 [𝑓 (1 + 6
)+𝑓(
6
)]
42
43
EJERCICIOS
1 2 𝑓(𝑏)+𝑓(𝑎)
1) ∫0 ⅇ 𝑥 ⅆ𝑥 ≈ (𝑏 − 𝑎) [ ]
2
(𝑏−𝑎) 𝑎=0
≈ [𝑓 (𝑏) + 𝑓 (𝑎)]
2
𝑏=1
(𝑏−𝑎)
≈ [1 + 2.71828] 2
2 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = ⅇ 𝑥
1 2
∫0 ⅇ 𝑥 ⅆ𝑥 = 1.85914
4 ⅇ𝑥
2) ∫2 ⅆ𝑥
𝑥
ⅇ2
𝑓 (𝑎) = 𝑓 (2) = = 13.69452
2
ⅇ4
𝑓 (𝑏) = 𝑓 (4) = = 13.6495
4
3,69452 + 13,6495
= (4 − 2) [ ]
2
= (2)(8,67201)
= 17,34402
2 𝑥3
3) ∫1 1+ 𝑥 ⅆ𝑥
√
13
𝑓 (𝑎) = 𝑓 (1) = = 0.5
1+√𝑥
23
𝑓 (𝑏) = 𝑓 (2) = = −8 + 8√2
1+√𝑥
44
2 ⅇ 𝑥 ⋅sen 𝑥
4) ∫1 ⅆ𝑥
1+𝑥 2
𝑓(3)+𝑓(0)
≈ (3 − 0) [ ]
2
3
= [𝑓 (3) + 𝑓 (0)]
2
3 ⅇ 3 ⋅sin(5) ⅇ 0 ⋅sin(0)
= [ ] = 0.42517
2 1+32 1+02
−𝑥2
1 1
5) ∫−1 √2𝜋 ⋅ⅇ 2 ⅆ𝑥
= 2 ∗ 0.449858
= 0.899716
45
2
2 √ⅇ −𝑥
6) ∫1 𝑥2 ⅆ𝑥
𝑏 𝑓(𝑎)+𝑓(𝑏)
Sea: ∫𝑎 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⅆ𝑥 = (𝑏 − 𝑎) [ 2
]
2 √ −𝑥 2
ⅇ 𝑓 (1) + 𝑓 (2)
∫ ⅆ𝑥 = (2 − 1) [ ]
1 𝑥2 2
2 √ⅇ −𝑥 2 1 √ⅇ −1 √ⅇ −4
∫ ⅆ𝑥 = [ 2 + 2 ]
1 𝑥2 2 1 2
2
2 √ⅇ −𝑥
∫1 𝑥 2 ⅆ𝑥 = 0.32018
4
7) ∫0 3√𝑥 ⋅ ⅇ 𝑥 ⅆ𝑥
4−0
=( ) (0 + 86,66916
2
= 173,33832
1 ln(1+𝑥)
8) ∫0 ⅆ𝑥
1+𝑥 2
1−0
=( ) (0 + 0.34657
2
= 0.17329
46
𝜋 2𝜋 (2⋅1⋅sin(𝑥))
9) ∫ ⅇ 2
2 0
ⅆ𝑥
𝜋 2𝜋−0
= ( )( ) (7.38906 + 7.38906)
2 2
= 72.9271
3
10) ∫0 𝑥 2 ⋅ ⅇ 𝑥 ⅆ𝑥
𝑏 𝑓 (𝑎) + 𝑓 (𝑏)
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⅆ𝑥 = (𝑏 − 𝑎) [ ]
𝑎 2
3 (3 − 0) 2 3
∫ 𝑥 2 ⋅ ⅇ 𝑥 ⅆ𝑥 = [(3 )(ⅇ ) + 0]
0 2
2
∫1 𝑥 2 ⋅ ⅇ 𝑥 ⅆ𝑥 = 271.15475
3 arctg 𝑥
11) ∫0 ⅆ𝑥
1+𝑥
𝜋
𝑓(1)+𝑓(0) +0
=[ ]=[ 8
] = 0.19635
2 2
6
12) ∫1 [2 + sin(2√𝑥)] ⅆ𝑥
47
Aplicando la ecuación:
𝑏 𝑓 (𝑎) + 𝑓 (𝑏)
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⅆ𝑥 = (𝑏 − 𝑎) [ ]
𝑎 2
Reemplazando:
6 2.9093+1.01736
∫1 [2 + sin(2√𝑥)] ⅆ𝑥 = (6 − 1) [ 2
]
= 5 ∗ 1.96333
= 9.81665
6 cos(𝑥)
13) ∫0 ⅆ𝑥
𝑥+1
6
= ( ) (1 + 0,13717) = 3,41151
2
1.5
14) ∫1 𝑥 2 ⋅ ln(𝑥 ) ⅆ𝑥
1.5−1
=( ) (0 + 0.912296) = 0.228074
2
48
49
1 𝒙 n
1)
∫ ⅇ𝑥 2 ⅆ𝑥 ; 𝑛 = 5 0 0
0 1 0.2
2 0.4
3 0.6
4 0.8
𝛥 1−0 1 5 1
= = = 0,2
𝑥 5 2 6 1.2
2) ⅇ𝑥
2
∫ ⅆ𝑥 ; 𝑛 = 4
4 𝑥
Hallamos “h”:
𝑥1 −𝑥0 4−2 2
ℎ= = =
𝑛 4 4
ℎ = 0.5
𝑃 = {2; 2,5; 3; 3,5; 4}
𝑏 𝑛−1
𝑏−𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⅆ𝑥 ≈ (𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 2 ∑ 𝑓(𝑥𝑖 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥𝑛 ))
𝑎 2𝑛
𝑖=1
4 ⅇ𝑥 4−2
∫ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ (𝑓 (2) + 2(𝑓(2.5) + 𝑓 (3) + 𝑓 (3.5)) + 𝑓 (4))
2 𝑥 2(4)
50
4 𝑥 1 ⅇ2 ⅇ 2.5 ⅇ 3 ⅇ 3.5 ⅇ4
ⅇ
∫ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ ( + 2( + + )+ )
2 𝑥 4 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
4 ⅇ𝑥
∫2 𝑥 ⅆ𝑥 ≈ 14.85088
3)
2 𝑥2
∫ ⅆ𝑥 ; 𝑛 = 4
1 1 + √𝑥
2
𝑥2 2−1
∫ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ (𝑓 (1) + 2(𝑓(1.25) + 2𝑓 (1.5) + 2𝑓 (1.75)) + 𝑓 (2))
1 1 + √𝑥 2(4)
ⅇ 𝑥 ⋅ sin 𝑥
3
4) ∫ 𝑃 = {0; 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2; 2.5; 3}
1 + 𝑥 2 ⅆ𝑥 ; 𝑛 = 0.5
0
Aplicando la fórmula:
51
𝑏 𝑛−1
𝑏−𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⅆ𝑥 ≈ (𝑓(𝑥0 ) + 2 ∑ 𝑓 (𝑥𝑖 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥𝑛 ))
𝑎 2𝑛
𝑖=1
Se tiene que:
𝒙𝟎 0 ⇒ 𝒇(𝒙𝟎 ) 0
𝒙𝟏 0.5 ⇒ 𝑓 (𝑥1 ) 0.632351
𝒙𝟐 1 ⇒ 𝑓 (𝑥2 ) 1.14368
𝒙𝟑 1.5 ⇒ 𝑓 (𝑥3 ) 1.37553
𝒙𝟒 2 ⇒ 𝑓 (𝑥4 ) 1.34377
𝒙𝟓 2.5 ⇒ 𝑓 (𝑥5 ) 1.00564
𝒙𝟔 3 ⇒ 𝑓 (𝑥6 ) 0.283447
Reemplazando:
3 ⅇ 𝑥 ⋅sin 𝑥 3−0
∫0 ⅆ𝑥 ≈ (0 + 2(0.632351) + 1.14368 + 1.37553 +
1+𝑥 2 2(6)
1.34377 + 1.00564 + 0.283447)
1
= (0 + 11.001942 + 0.283447)
4
= 2.82135
1
1 −𝑥 2
5) ∫ ⋅ ⅇ 2 ⅆ𝑥 ; 𝑛 = 4 𝑃 = {−1; −0.5; 0; 0.5; 1}
−1 2𝜋
Hallamos “h”:
𝑥1 +𝑥0 1−(−1) 2
ℎ= ⇒ = = 0.5
𝑛 4 4
𝑏 𝑛−1
𝑏−𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⅆ𝑥 ≈ (𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 2 ∑ 𝑓 (𝑥𝑖 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥𝑛 ))
𝑎 2𝑛
𝑖=1
52
1
1 −𝑥 2 1 − (−1)
∫ ⋅ ⅇ 2 ⅆ𝑥 ≈ (𝑓 (1) + 2(𝑓 (−05) + 2𝑓 (0) + 2𝑓 (0.5)) + 𝑓(1))
−1 2𝜋 2(4)
1
1 −𝑥 2
∫ ⋅ ⅇ 2 ⅆ𝑥 ≈ 0.32971
−1 2𝜋
6) 2
2
ⅇ −𝑥
∫ √ 2 ⅆ𝑥 ; 𝑛 = 8
1 𝑥
𝛥 2−1 1
= = = 0,125
𝑥 8 8
𝒙𝟎 𝒙𝟏 𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟑 𝒙𝟒 𝒙𝟓 𝒙𝟔 𝒙𝟕 𝒙𝟖
1 1.125 1.250 1.375 1.500 1.625 1.750 875 2
7) 4
∫ √𝑥 ⋅ ⅇ 𝑥 ⅆ𝑥 ; 𝑛 = 4
3
𝑃 = {0; 1; 2; 3; 4}
0
4−0
ℎ=
4
53
4 4−0
∫ √𝑥 ⋅ ⅇ 𝑥 ⅆ𝑥 = (
3
) [𝑓 (0) + 2𝑓 (1) + 2𝑓 (2) + 2𝑓 (3) + 𝑓 (4)]
0 2(4)
= (0.5)(0 + 5.43656 + 18.61925 + 57.93671 + 86.66916)
= 84.33084
8) 2 1 −𝑥 2
∫ ⋅ ⅇ 2 ⅆ𝑥 ; 𝑛=4
0 √2𝜋 𝑃 = {0; 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2}
−𝑥2
2 1 2
∫0 2𝜋 ⋅ ⅇ 2 ⅆ𝑥 = ( ) [𝑓 (0) + 2𝑓 (0.5) + 2𝑓(1) + 2𝑓 (1.5) + 𝑓 (2)]
√ 8
2
= (0.39894 + 0.70413 + 0.48394 + 0.25904 + 0.05399)
8
1
= (1.90004)
4
= 0.47501
9) 2
2
∫ 𝑥 2 ⋅ ⅇ −𝑥 ⅆ𝑥 ; 𝑛 = 8
0 ℎ = 0,25
2 2−0
2
∫ 𝑥 2 ⋅ ⅇ −𝑥 ⅆ𝑥 = ( ) (𝑓 (0) + 2𝑓 (0.25) + 2𝑓 (0.5) + 2𝑓 (0.75) + 2𝑓 (1)
0 2(8)
+ 2𝑓 (1.25) + 2𝑓 (1.5) + 2𝑓 (1.75) + 𝑓 (2))
1
= ( ) (0 + 0.11743 + 0.38940 + 0.64101 + 0.73576 +
8
0.65504 + 0.47430 + 0.28647 + 0.07326)
= 0.34789
54
10) 3
∫ 𝑥 2 ⋅ ⅇ 𝑥 ⅆ𝑥 ; 𝑛 = 6
0
𝑎+𝑏 0+3 1
Si: ℎ= = = 𝑃 = {0; 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2; 2.5; 3}
𝑛 6 2
Se tiene que:
𝒙𝟎 0 ⇒ 𝒇(𝒙𝟎 ) 0
𝒙𝟏 0.5 ⇒ 𝑓 (𝑥1 ) 0.4121
𝒙𝟐 1 ⇒ 𝑓 (𝑥2 ) 2.71828
𝒙𝟑 1.5 ⇒ 𝑓 (𝑥3 ) 10.0838
𝒙𝟒 2 ⇒ 𝑓 (𝑥4 ) 29.55622
𝒙𝟓 2.5 ⇒ 𝑓 (𝑥5 ) 76.14059
𝒙𝟔 3 ⇒ 𝑓 (𝑥6 ) 180.76983
Aplicando la definición:
𝑏 𝑛−1
𝑏−𝑎
∫ 𝑓(𝑥 ) ⅆ𝑥 ≈ (𝑓(𝑥0 ) + 2 ∑ 𝑓 (𝑥𝑖 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥𝑛 ))
𝑎 2𝑛
𝑖=1
Reemplazando:
3
3−0
∫ 𝑥 2 ⋅ ⅇ 𝑥 ⅆ𝑥 = [0 + 2(0.4121 + 2.71828 + 10.0838 + 29.55622
0 2(6)
+ 76.14059) + 180.76983]
1
= [0 + 237.82198 + 180.76983]
4
= 104.64795
55
1 ln(1+ 𝑥)
11) ℎ = 0,25
∫ ⅆ𝑥 ; 𝑛 = 4
0 1 + 𝑥2 𝑃 = {0; 0.25; 0.5; 0.75; 1}
Aplicando la definición:
𝑏 𝑛−1
𝑏−𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⅆ𝑥 ≈ (𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 2 ∑ 𝑓(𝑥𝑖 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥𝑛 ))
𝑎 2𝑛
𝑖=1
Reemplazando:
1 ln(1 + 𝑥) 1−0
∫ ⅆ𝑥 = ( ) (𝑓 (0) + 2𝑓 (0.5) + 2𝑓 (0.25) + 2𝑓 (0.75) + 𝑓 (1))
0 1 + 𝑥2 2(4)
= (0.125)(0 + 0.42003 + 0.64874 + 0.71631 + 0.34657)
= 0.26646
12) 6 ℎ=1
∫ [2 + sin(2√𝑥)] ⅆ𝑥 ; 𝑛 = 5 𝑃 = {1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6}
1
Aplicando la definición:
𝑏 𝑛−1
𝑏−𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⅆ𝑥 ≈ (𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 2 ∑ 𝑓(𝑥𝑖 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥𝑛 ))
𝑎 2𝑛
𝑖=1
Reemplazando:
6
6−1
∫ [2 + sin(2√𝑥)] ⅆ𝑥 = ( ) (𝑓 (1) + 2𝑓 (2) + 2𝑓 (3) + 2𝑓 (4) + 2𝑓 (5)
1 2(5)
+ 𝑓(6))
= (0.5)(2.90930 + 4.61614 + 3.36611 + 2.48639 +
2.05744 + 1.01736)
= 8.22637
56
Aplicando la definición:
𝑏 𝑛−1
𝑏−𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⅆ𝑥 ≈ (𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 2 ∑ 𝑓(𝑥𝑖 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥𝑛 ))
𝑎 2𝑛
𝑖=1
Reemplazando:
1.2 1.2 − 0
∫ ⅇ 𝑥 ⋅ tg 𝑥 ⅆ𝑥 = ( ) (𝑓(0) + 2𝑓 (0.2) + 2𝑓 (0.4) + 2𝑓 (0.6)
0 2(6)
+ 2𝑓 (0.8) + 2𝑓 (1) + 𝑓 (1.2))
= (0.1)(0 + 0.49518 + 1.26147 + 2.49316 + 4.58301 +
8.46695 + 8.53984)
= 2.583961
57
58
1
1) ∫ ⅇ 𝑥 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
2
Se sabe que:
𝑏 𝑏+𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [𝑓 (𝑎) + 4𝑓 (𝑥𝑚) + 𝑓 (𝑏)]
𝑎 6
Solución:
1 1−0
2
∫ ⅇ 𝑥 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [1 + 4(1.28403) + 2.71828] = 1.47573
0 6
𝑎+𝑏 0+1
𝑥𝑚 = = = 0,5 𝑎=0 𝑓(0) = 1
2 2
𝑏=1 𝑓 (𝑏) = 2.71828
4
ⅇ𝑥
2) ∫ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
2 𝑥
Se sabe que:
𝑏 𝑏+𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [𝑓 (𝑎) + 4𝑓 (𝑥𝑚) + 𝑓 (𝑏)]
𝑎 6
Solución:
4 ⅇ𝑥 4−2
∫ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [3.69453 + 4(6.69518) + 13.64954] = 14.70826
2 𝑥 6
𝑎+𝑏 2+4
𝑥𝑚 = = =3 𝑎=2 𝑓(0) = 3.69453
2 2
𝑏=4 𝑓(𝑏) = 13.64954
𝑥𝑚 = 3 𝑓(𝑥𝑚 ) = 6.69518
59
3)
2
𝑥3
∫ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
1 1 + √𝑥
Se sabe que:
𝑏 𝑏+𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [𝑓 (𝑎) + 4𝑓 (𝑥𝑚) + 𝑓 (𝑏)]
𝑎 6
Solución:
2 𝑥3 2−1
∫ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [0.5 + 4(1.51703) + 3.31371] = 1.64697
1 1 + √𝑥 6
𝑎+𝑏 1+2 𝑓 (0) = 0.5
𝑥𝑚 = = = 1.5 𝑎=1
2 2
𝑏=2 𝑓 (𝑏) = 3.31371
4) 3𝜋
2 sin 𝑥
∫ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
𝜋 𝑥
2
Se sabe que:
𝑏
𝑏+𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [𝑓 (𝑎) + 4𝑓 (𝑥𝑚) + 𝑓 (𝑏)]
𝑎 6
Solución:
3𝜋 3𝜋 𝜋
2 sin 𝑥 −
∫ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ 2 2 [0.63662 + 4(0) + (−0.21221)] = 0.22222
𝜋 𝑥 6
2
𝜋 3𝜋
𝑎+𝑏 +
𝑥𝑚 = = 2 2
= 1.5 𝜋 𝑓(0) = 0.63662
2 2 𝑎=
2 𝑓 (𝑏) = −0.21221
3𝜋 𝑓(𝑥𝑚 ) = 0
𝑏=
2
𝑥𝑚 = 𝜋
60
5) 1 1 𝑥2
−2
∫ ⋅ⅇ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
−1 √2𝜋
Se sabe que:
𝑏 𝑏+𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [𝑓 (𝑎) + 4𝑓 (𝑥𝑚) + 𝑓 (𝑏)]
𝑎 6
Solución:
1
1 −
𝑥2 1+1
∫ ⋅ⅇ 2 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [0.24197 + 4(0.34894) + 0.24197] = 0.69323
−1 √2𝜋 6
𝑎+𝑏 −1+1
𝑥𝑚 = = =0 𝑓(0) = 0.24197
2 2
𝑎 = −1 𝑓 (𝑏) = 0.24197
𝑏=1 𝑓(𝑥𝑚 ) = 0.34894
𝑥𝑚 = 0
2 √ −𝑥 2
6) ⅇ
∫ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
1 𝑥2
Se sabe que:
𝑏
𝑏+𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [𝑓 (𝑎) + 4𝑓 (𝑥𝑚) + 𝑓 (𝑏)]
𝑎 6
Solución:
2 √ⅇ −𝑥 2 2+1
∫ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [1 + 4(1.5) + 1] = 0.20292
1 𝑥2 6
𝑎+𝑏 1−2
𝑥𝑚 = = =0 𝑓(0) = 1
2 2 𝑎=1
𝑏=2 𝑓(𝑏) = 1
𝑥𝑚 = 0 𝑓 (𝑥𝑚 ) = 1.5
61
4
7)
∫ √𝑥 ⋅ ⅇ 𝑥 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
3
Se sabe que:
𝑏 𝑏+𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [𝑓 (𝑎) + 4𝑓 (𝑥𝑚) + 𝑓 (𝑏)]
𝑎 6
Solución:
4 4−0
∫ √𝑥 ⋅ ⅇ 𝑥 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ≈
3
[4 + 4(2) + 0] = 8
0 6
𝑎+𝑏 0+4
𝑥𝑚 = = =2 𝑓(0) = 4
2 2
𝑎=0
𝑓(𝑏) = 0
𝑏=4
𝑓(𝑥𝑚 ) = 2
𝑥𝑚 = 2
3
8) ∫ ln(4𝑥 2 + 4) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
−3
Se sabe que:
𝑏 𝑏+𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [𝑓 (𝑎) + 4𝑓 (𝑥𝑚) + 𝑓 (𝑏)]
𝑎 6
Solución:
3 3+3
∫ ln(4𝑥 2 + 4) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [3.68888 + 5.54517 + 3.68888] = 12.92293
−3 6
𝑎+𝑏 3−3
𝑥𝑚 = = =2
2 2
𝑎 = −3
𝑏=3
𝑥𝑚 = 0
62
9) 𝜋 2𝜋 (2−1 sin 𝑥)
∫ ⅇ 2 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
2 0
Se sabe que:
𝑏 𝑏+𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [𝑓 (𝑎) + 4𝑓 (𝑥𝑚) + 𝑓 (𝑏)]
𝑎 6
Solución:
𝜋 2𝜋 (2−1 sin 𝑥) 𝜋 2𝜋 − 0
∫ ⅇ 2 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ ( ) [7.38906 + 4(7.38906) + 7.38906]
2 0 2 6
= 72.9271
𝑎=0 𝑓(0) = 7.38906
𝑎+𝑏 0+2𝜋
𝑥𝑚 = = =𝜋 𝑏 = 2𝜋 𝑓 (𝑏) = 7.38906
2 2
𝑥𝑚 = 𝜋 𝑓(𝑥𝑚 ) = 7.38906
𝜋
10) 3
∫ sin2 𝑥 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
0
Se sabe que:
𝑏 𝑏+𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [𝑓 (𝑎) + 4𝑓 (𝑥𝑚) + 𝑓 (𝑏)]
𝑎 6
𝜋
𝑎+𝑏 0+ 3 𝜋 1
Hallamos: 𝑥𝑚 = = = ⇒ 𝑓 (𝑥𝑚) =
2 2 6 4
reemplazando:
𝜋 𝜋
3 −0 1 3 7𝜋
∫ sin2 𝑥 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ 3 [0 + 4 ( ) + ] =
0 6 4 4 72
63
1 3
√𝑥
11) ∫ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
0 sin 𝑥
Se sabe que:
𝑏 𝑏+𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [𝑓 (𝑎) + 4𝑓 (𝑥𝑚) + 𝑓 (𝑏)]
𝑎 6
𝑎+𝑏 1+0
Hallamos: 𝑥𝑚 = = = 0.5
2 2
reemplazando:
1 3
√𝑥 1−0
∫ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [0 + 4(0.5) + 1] = 70.18480
0 sin 𝑥 6
12) 6
∫ [2 + sin(2√𝑥)] ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
1
Se sabe que:
𝑏
𝑏+𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [𝑓 (𝑎) + 4𝑓 (𝑥𝑚) + 𝑓 (𝑏)]
𝑎 6
𝑎=1
𝑎+𝑏 1+6
Hallamos: 𝑥𝑚 = = =2
2 2 𝑏=6
𝑥𝑚 = 2
reemplazando:
6
5
∫ [2 + sin(2√𝑥)] ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [6 + 4(3.5) + 1] = 17.5
1 6
64
4
13) ∫ ln2 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
2
Se sabe que:
𝑏 𝑏+𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [𝑓 (𝑎) + 4𝑓 (𝑥𝑚) + 𝑓 (𝑏)]
𝑎 6
𝑎+𝑏 2+4
Hallamos: 𝑥𝑚 = = =3 ⇒ 𝑓 (𝑥𝑚) = ln2 (3) = 1.20695
2 2
14) 3 ⅇ𝑥 ⋅ sin 𝑥
∫ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
0 1 + 𝑥2
Se sabe que:
𝑏
𝑏+𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [𝑓 (𝑎) + 4𝑓 (𝑥𝑚) + 𝑓 (𝑏)]
𝑎 6
𝑎=0
𝑎+𝑏 3+0 3
Hallamos: 𝑥𝑚 = = =
2 2 2 𝑏=3
3
𝑥𝑚 = 2
reemplazando:
3 𝑥
ⅇ ⋅ sin 𝑥 3−0
∫ 2
⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [0 + 5.50211 + 0.28345] = 2.89278
0 1+𝑥 6
65
66
EJERCICIOS
1
2
1) ∫ ⅇ 𝑥 . ⅆ𝑥 ; 𝑛=4
0
Algoritmo:
𝐵 𝑛 𝑛−1
𝑏−𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 4 ∑ 𝑓(𝑥𝑚) + 2 ∑(𝑓 (𝑥𝑖 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥𝑛 ))]
𝐴 6𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑖=1
Solución:
𝑃 = {𝑥0 , 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , … . , 𝑥𝑛 }
𝑃𝑚𝑖 = {𝑥𝑚1 , 𝑥𝑚2 , 𝑥𝑚3 , … . , 𝑥𝑚𝑛 }
Entonces:
𝑏−𝑎 1 𝑥0 −𝑥1 1
ℎ= = 𝑥𝑚 = =
𝑛 9 2 8
1 1 3
0 𝑥𝑚1 𝑥𝑚2 𝑥𝑚3 𝑥𝑚4 1
4 2 4
1 3 5 7
𝑥0 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥4
8 8 8 8
1 1 3 1 3 5 7
𝑃 = {0, , , , 1} 𝑃𝑚𝑖 = { , , , }
4 2 4 8 8 8 8
67
Reemplazamos:
1 1−0
2
∫ ⅇ 𝑥 . ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 4 (𝑓(𝑥𝑚1 ) + 𝑓(𝑥𝑚2 ) + 𝑓(𝑥𝑚3 ) + 𝑓(𝑥𝑚4 ))
0 6(4)
+ 2(𝑓 (𝑥1 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥2 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥3 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥4 )]
1 12 32 52 72 12 12 32
2 1 0 2
∫ ⅇ 𝑥 . ⅆ𝑥 = [ⅇ + 4 (ⅇ 8 + ⅇ 8 + ⅇ 8 + ⅇ 8 ) + 2(ⅇ 4 + ⅇ 2 + ⅇ 4 ) + ⅇ 1 ]
0 24
1
= [1 + 4(1.01575 + 1.15099 + 1.4779 + 2.15034) +
24
2(1.06449 + 1.28403 + 1.755055) + 2.71828]
1
= [1 + 23.17992 + 8.20714 + 2.71828
24
1
2
∫ ⅇ 𝑥 . ⅆ𝑥 = 1.46272
0
4 ⅇ𝑥
4−2 1
2) ∫ . ⅆ𝑥 ; 𝑛=4 ℎ= =
𝑥 4 2
2
𝑎=2 𝑏=4
𝑃 = {2,2.5,3,3.5,4}
9 11 13 15
𝑃𝑚𝑖 = { , , , }
4 4 4 4
9 11 13 15
4
ⅇ𝑥 4 − 2 ⅇ2 ⅇ4 ⅇ 4 ⅇ4 ⅇ4 ⅇ 2.5 ⅇ 3 ⅇ 3.5 ⅇ4
∫ . ⅆ𝑥 = [ + 4( + + + ) + 2( + + )+ ]
2 𝑥 6(4 ) 2 9 11 13 15 2.5 3 3.5 4
4 4 4 4
1
= [3.69453 + 116.71778 + 42.05947 + 13.64954] = 14.67678
12
68
3) 2 𝑥3
∫ . ⅆ𝑥 ; 𝑛=6
1 1 + √𝑥
Entonces:
𝑏−𝑎 1
ℎ= =
𝑛 6
7 4 3 5 11
1 2
6 3 2 3 6
𝑥0 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥4 𝑥5 𝑥6
7 4 3 5 11
𝑃 = {1, , , , , , 2}
6 3 2 3 6
13 5 17 19 7 23
𝑃𝑚𝑖 = { , , , , , }
12 4 6 12 4 12
Entonces:
𝐵 𝑛 𝑛−1
𝑏−𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 4 ∑ 𝑓(𝑥𝑚) + 2 ∑(𝑓 (𝑥𝑖 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥𝑛 ))]
𝐴 6𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑖=1
1
= [1 + 4(1.01575 + 1.15099 + 1.4779 + 2.15034) +
24
2(1.06449 + 1.28403 + 1.755055) + 2.71828]
1
= [1 + 23.17992 + 8.20714 + 2.71828
24
69
13 3 5 3 17 3 19 3 7 3 23 3
2
𝑥3 2 − 1 13 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
∫ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = +4 12 + 4 + 6 + 12 + 4 + 12
1 + √ 𝑥 6(6) 1 + √1 13 5 17 19 7
1
√ √ √ √ √ √23
[ (1 + 12 1 + 4 1 + 6 1 + 12 1 + 4 1 + 12)
7 3 4 3 3 3 5 3 11 3
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 23
+2 6 + 3 + 2 + 3 + 6 +
1 + √2
√7 √4 √3 √5 √11
(1 + 6 1 + 3 1 + 2 1 + 3 1 + 6 ) ]
1 1
= [ + 4(0.6229 + 0.92214 + 8.47680 + 1.75766 +
36 2
2.30722 + 2.95293) + 2(0.76340 + 1.10009 + 1.51703 +
2.02080 + 2.61768) + 3.31371]
1 1
= [ + 68.15896 + 16.038 + 3.31371]
36 2
= 2.44474
4)
2 √ⅇ −𝑥 2
∫ . ⅆ𝑥 ; 𝑛=8
1 𝑥2
1
ℎ= 𝑥𝑚 = 1,0625 ℎ𝑚 = 0,0625
8
𝑃 = {1,1.125,1.25,1.375,1.5,1.625,1.75,1.875,2}
𝑃𝑚𝑖 = {1.0625,1.1875,1.3125,1.4375,1.5625,1.6875,1.8125,1.9375}
2 √ −𝑥 2
ⅇ 2−1
∫ . ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓(𝑥0 ) + 4 (𝑓(𝑥𝑚1 ) + 𝑓(𝑥𝑚2 ) + 𝑓(𝑥𝑚3 ) + 𝑓(𝑥𝑚4 ) + 𝑓(𝑥𝑚5 ) + 𝑓(𝑥𝑚6 ) + 𝑓(𝑥𝑚7 ) + 𝑓(𝑥𝑚8 ))
1 𝑥2 6(8)
+ 2(𝑓(𝑥1 ) + 𝑓(𝑥2 ) + 𝑓(𝑥3 ) + 𝑓(𝑥4 ) + 𝑓(𝑥5 ) + 𝑓(𝑥6 ) + 𝑓(𝑥7 )) + 𝑓(𝑥8 )]
2 √ −𝑥 2
ⅇ 1
∫ . ⅆ𝑥 = [0.60653 + 6.30680 + 2.56649 + 0.03383]
1 𝑥2 48
= 0.19820
70
4
∫ √𝑥 ⋅ ⅇ 𝑥 . ⅆ𝑥
3
5) ; 𝑛=4
0
Algoritmo:
𝐵 𝑛 𝑛−1
𝑏−𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 4 ∑ 𝑓(𝑥𝑚) + 2 ∑(𝑓 (𝑥𝑖 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥𝑛 ))]
𝐴 6𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑖=1
Solución:
𝑃 = {𝑥0 , 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , … . , 𝑥𝑛 }
𝑃𝑚𝑖 = {𝑥𝑚1 , 𝑥𝑚2 , 𝑥𝑚3 , … . , 𝑥𝑚𝑛 }
Entonces:
ℎ=1 𝑥𝑚 = 0.5 ℎ𝑚 = 0.5
71
Reemplazamos:
4
4
∫ 3√𝑥 ⋅ ⅇ 𝑥 . ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓(𝑥0 ) + 4 (𝑓(𝑥𝑚1 ) + 𝑓(𝑥𝑚2 ) + 𝑓(𝑥𝑚3 ) + 𝑓(𝑥𝑚4 )) + 2(𝑓 (𝑥1 ) + 𝑓(𝑥2 )
0 6(4)
+ 𝑓 (𝑥3 ) + 𝑓(𝑥4 )]
1
= [0 + 292,00816 + 81.9925 + 86.66916]
6
4
∫ √𝑥 ⋅ ⅇ 𝑥 . ⅆ𝑥 = 76,94498
3
6)
1
1 −ⅇ2
∫ ⅇ 2 . ⅆ𝑥 ; 𝑛=6 a=0
0 √2𝜋
b=1
h=0.16666667
Formula:
𝑓 (𝑋𝑜) + 4 ∑𝑛=1 𝑛=2
𝑗=1,3,5 𝑓 (𝑋𝑖 ) + 2 ∑𝑗=2,4 𝑓 (𝑋𝑗 ) + 𝑓(𝑋 𝑛)
𝐼 = (𝑏 − 𝑎)
3𝑛
I=0.32790402
Puntos Xi F(xi)
0 0 0.398942
1 0.16666667 0.39344
2 0.33333333 0.37738
3 0.5 0.35206
4 0.66666667 0.31944
5 0.83333333 0.281912
6 1 0.241970
7)
3
∫ ln(4𝑥2 + 4). ⅆ𝑥 ; 𝑛=6
−3
72
Entonces:
ℎ=1 𝑥𝑚 = 0.5 ℎ𝑚 = 0.5
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
3
3+3
∫ ln(4𝑥 2 + 4) ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓(𝑥0 ) + 4 (𝑓(𝑥𝑚1 ) + 𝑓(𝑥𝑚2 ) + 𝑓(𝑥𝑚3 ) + 𝑓(𝑥𝑚4 ) + 𝑓(𝑥𝑚5 ) + 𝑓(𝑥𝑚6 )) + 2(𝑓(𝑥1 ) + 𝑓(𝑥2 )
−3 6(6)
+ 𝑓(𝑥3 ) + 𝑓(𝑥4 ) + 𝑓(𝑥5 )) + 𝑓(𝑥6 )]
1
= [3.68888 + 4(15.08338) + 2(11.53663) + 3.68888]
6
3
∫ ln(4𝑥2 + 4) ⅆ𝑥 = 15.13076
−3
3𝜋
8) 2 sin 𝑥
∫ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ; 𝑛=6
𝜋 𝑥
2
𝜋 π
ℎ= 𝑥𝑚 = ℎ𝑚 =
6 12
73
𝜋 2𝜋 5𝜋 7𝜋 4𝜋 3𝜋
𝜋
2 3 6 6 3 2
3𝜋 3𝜋 𝜋
2 sin 𝑥 −
∫ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = 2 2 [𝑓(𝑥0 ) + 4 (𝑓(𝑥𝑚1 ) + 𝑓(𝑥𝑚2 ) + 𝑓(𝑥𝑚3 ) + 𝑓(𝑥𝑚4 ) + 𝑓(𝑥𝑚5 ) + 𝑓(𝑥𝑚6 )) + 2(𝑓(𝑥1 )
𝜋 𝑥 6(6)
2
+ 𝑓(𝑥2 ) + 𝑓(𝑥3 ) + 𝑓(𝑥4 ) + 𝑓(𝑥5 )) + 𝑓(𝑥6 )]
3𝜋
2 sin 𝑥 𝜋
∫ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = [0.63662 + 4(0.44392) + 2(0.26432) + (−0.21221)]
𝜋 𝑥 6(6)
2
3𝜋
2 sin 𝑥
∫ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = 0.2376
𝜋 𝑥
2
3𝜋
9) 3
∫ sin2 𝑥 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ; 𝑛=6
0
𝜋 π
ℎ= 𝑥𝑚 = ℎ𝑚 =
18 36
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋 5𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 5𝜋 7𝜋 𝜋 11𝜋
𝑃 = {0, , , , , , } 𝑃𝑚𝑖 = { , , , , , }
18 9 6 9 18 3 36 12 36 36 4 36
𝜋 𝜋 5𝜋 7𝜋 𝜋 11𝜋
36 12 36 36 4 36
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋 5𝜋 𝜋
0
18 9 6 9 18 3
74
𝜋 𝜋
3 2 −0
∫ sin 𝑥 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = 36(6) [𝑓(𝑥0 ) + 4 (𝑓(𝑥𝑚1 ) + 𝑓(𝑥𝑚2 ) + 𝑓(𝑥𝑚3 ) + 𝑓(𝑥𝑚4 ) + 𝑓(𝑥𝑚5 ) + 𝑓(𝑥𝑚6 )) + 2(𝑓(𝑥1 )
0
+ 𝑓(𝑥2 ) + 𝑓(𝑥3 ) + 𝑓(𝑥4 ) + 𝑓(𝑥5 )) + 𝑓(𝑥6 )]
𝜋 𝜋
3
∫ sin 𝑥 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = 3 [0 + 4(1.7532) + 2(1.39713) + 0.75]
2
0 36
𝜋
3 2
∫ sin 𝑥 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = 0.30709
0
4
10) ∫ ln3 𝑥 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ; 𝑛=4
2
ℎ = 0.5 ℎ𝑚 = 0.25
2 2.5 3 3.5 4
4
4−2
∫ ln3 𝑥 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 4 (𝑓(𝑥𝑚1 ) + 𝑓(𝑥𝑚2 ) + 𝑓(𝑥𝑚3 ) + 𝑓(𝑥𝑚4 ))
2 6(4)
+ 2(𝑓 (𝑥1 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥2 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥3 )) + 𝑓 (𝑥4 )]
75
4 1
∫ ln3 𝑥 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = [0.333032 + 4(5.51506) + 2(4.06139) + 2.6642]
2 12
4
∫ ln3 𝑥 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = 2.76502
2
2
11) 2
∫ 𝑥 2 ⋅ ⅇ −𝑥 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ; 𝑛=8
0
1
ℎ= ℎ𝑚 = 0.25
4
𝑃 = {0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1,1.25,1.5,1.75,2}
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15
𝑃𝑚𝑖 = { , , , , , , , }
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
2
2
∫ 𝑥 2 ⋅ ⅇ −𝑥 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
0
4 − 2 2 −02
= [0 ⋅ ⅇ
6(8)
12 −12 32 −32 52 −52 72 −72 92 −92
+ 4( ⋅ⅇ 8 + ⋅ⅇ 8 + ⋅ ⅇ 8 + ⋅ ⅇ 8 + ⋅ⅇ 8
8 8 8 8 8
2 2 2 2 2 2
11 11 13 13 15 15 2
+ ⋅ ⅇ− 8 + ⋅ ⅇ− 8 + ⋅ ⅇ − 8 ) + 2(0.252 ⋅ ⅇ −0.25
8 8 8
2 2 2 2
+ 0.752 ⋅ ⅇ −0.75 + 12 ⋅ ⅇ −1 + 1.252 ⋅ ⅇ −1.25 + 1.52 ⋅ ⅇ −1.5
2 2
+ 1.752 ⋅ ⅇ −1.75 ) + 22 ⋅ ⅇ −2 ]
2 1
2
∫ 𝑥2 ⋅ ⅇ−𝑥 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = [1 + 4(6.77276) + (3.2994) + 0.07326]
0 24
2
2
∫ 𝑥2 ⋅ ⅇ−𝑥 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = 0.46439
0
76
5
12) 2 3
∫ √𝑥 2 + 8 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ; 𝑛=6
1
1 1
ℎ = 0.25 = 𝑥𝑚 = ℎ𝑚 = 0.125 =
18 8
𝑃 = {1,1.25,1.5,1.75,2,2.25,2.5}
𝑃𝑚𝑖 = {1.125,1.375,1.625,1.875,2.125,2.375}
2.5 3
∫ √𝑥2 + 8 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
1
5
−1
=2 [𝑓(𝑥0 ) + 4 (𝑓(𝑥𝑚1 ) + 𝑓(𝑥𝑚2 ) + 𝑓(𝑥𝑚3 ) + 𝑓(𝑥𝑚4 ) + 𝑓(𝑥𝑚5 ) + 𝑓(𝑥𝑚6 ))
6(6)
+ 2(𝑓(𝑥1 ) + 𝑓(𝑥2 ) + 𝑓(𝑥3 ) + 𝑓(𝑥4 ) + 𝑓(𝑥5 )) + 𝑓(𝑥6 )]
2.5
3 1
∫ √𝑥2 + 8 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = [2.08008 + 4(13.41569) + 2(11.1675) + 2.4244]
1 24
2.5
3
∫ √𝑥2 + 8 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = 3.35426
1
77
13)
1
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = 3
0
a=0
b=0.1 AREA=0.15
VALOR POSITIVO
f(a)=5
f(b)=-8
a=0.1
b=0.2 AREA=0.3
f(a)=-8 VALOR POSITIVO
f(b)=6
a=0.2
b=0.3 AREA=2.25
f(a)=6 VALOR POSITIVO
f(b)=3
a=0.3
b=0.4 AREA=1.05
f(a)=3 VALOR POSITIVO
f(b)=0
78
a=0.4
b=0.5 AREA=1.35
f(a)=0 VALOR POSITIVO
f(b)=-3
a=0.5
b=0.6 AREA=3.55
f(a)=-3 VALOR POSITIVO
f(b)=2
a=0.6
b=0.8 AREA=4.9
f(a)=2 VALOR POSITIVO
f(b)=5
a=0.8
b=0.9 AREA=9.35
f(a)=5 VALOR POSITIVO
f(b)=6
1 𝑏−𝑎 0.9+1
𝐼 = ∫0.9 𝑓 (𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓(𝑏) + 𝑓(𝑎)] = [6 + 3] =8.55
2 2
a=0.9
b=1 AREA=8.55
f(a)=6 VALOR POSITIVO
f(b)=3
79
0.8
14)
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = 2
0
a=0
b=0.1 AREA=0.15
f(a)=5 VALOR POSITIVO
f(b)=-8
a=0.1
b=0.2 AREA=0.3
f(a)=-8 VALOR POSITIVO
f(b)=6
80
a=0.2
b=0.3 AREA=2.25
f(a)=6 VALOR POSITIVO
f(b)=3
a=0.3
b=0.4 AREA=1.05
f(a)=3 VALOR POSITIVO
f(b)=0
0.5 𝑏−𝑎 0.4+0.5
𝐼 = ∫0.4 𝑓(𝑥)ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓(𝑏) + 𝑓(𝑎)] = [0 + (−3)] =-1.35
2 2
a=0.4
b=0.5 AREA=1.35
f(a)=0 VALOR POSITIVO
f(b)=-3
a=0.5
b=0.6 AREA=3.3
f(a)=-3 VALOR POSITIVO
f(b)=-3
a=0.6
b=0.8 AREA=4.9
f(a)=2 VALOR POSITIVO
f(b)=5
81
15) 1.2
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
0
PARA 𝑰𝟏 :
0 + 0.1 0 − 6.84
𝑿𝒎 = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 𝒎= = 𝟔𝟖. 𝟒
2 0 − 0.1
𝒓ⅇⅇ𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒛𝒂𝒏ⅆ𝒐 𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 → 𝑦 = 𝟑. 𝟒𝟐
𝑏 (𝑏 − 𝑎)
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥)ⅆ𝑥 = . [𝑓(𝑎) + 4𝑓 (𝑋𝑚 ) + 𝑓(𝑏)]
𝑎 6
0.1
0.1 − 0 0.1
𝑰𝟏 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [𝑓(0) + 4𝑓 (0.05) + 𝑓 (0.1)] = [0 + 4(3.42) + 6.48]
0 6 6
= 𝟎. 𝟑𝟑𝟔
82
PARA 𝑰𝟐 :
𝒓ⅇⅇ𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒛𝒂𝒏ⅆ𝒐 𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟐 → 𝑦 = 𝟓. 𝟒𝟐
𝑏 (𝑏 − 𝑎)
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥)ⅆ𝑥 = . [𝑓(𝑎) + 4𝑓 (𝑋𝑚 ) + 𝑓(𝑏)]
𝑎 6
0.3
0.3 − 0.1 0.2
𝑰𝟐 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [𝑓(0.1) + 4𝑓 (0.2) + 𝑓 (0.3)] = [6.84 + 4(5.42) + 4]
0.1 6 6
= 𝟏. 𝟎𝟖𝟒
PARA 𝑰𝟑 :
0.3 + 0.5 4.2 − 4
𝑿𝒎 = = 𝟎. 𝟒 𝒎= =𝟏
2 0.5 − 0.3
𝒓ⅇⅇ𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒛𝒂𝒏ⅆ𝒐 𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟒 → 𝑦 = 𝟒. 𝟏
𝑏 (𝑏 − 𝑎)
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥)ⅆ𝑥 = . [𝑓(𝑎) + 4𝑓 (𝑋𝑚 ) + 𝑓(𝑏)]
𝑎 6
0.5
0.5 − 0.3 0.2
𝑰𝟑 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [𝑓(0.3) + 4𝑓 (0.4) + 𝑓 (0.5)] = [4 + 4(4.1) + 4.2]
0.3 6 6
= 𝟎. 𝟖𝟐
PARA 𝑰𝟒 :
83
𝒓ⅇⅇ𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒛𝒂𝒏ⅆ𝒐 𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟔 → 𝑦 = 𝟒. 𝟖𝟓𝟓
𝑏 (𝑏 − 𝑎)
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥)ⅆ𝑥 = . [𝑓(𝑎) + 4𝑓 (𝑋𝑚 ) + 𝑓(𝑏)]
𝑎 6
0.7
0.7 − 0.5
𝑰𝟒 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [𝑓(0.5) + 4𝑓 (0.6) + 𝑓 (0.7)]
0.5 6
0.2
= [4.2 + 4(4.855) + 5.51] = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟕𝟏
6
PARA 𝑰𝟓 :
𝒓ⅇⅇ𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒛𝒂𝒏ⅆ𝒐 𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟐𝟓 → 𝑦 = 𝟓. 𝟔𝟒
𝑏 (𝑏 − 𝑎)
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥)ⅆ𝑥 = . [𝑓(𝑎) + 4𝑓 (𝑋𝑚 ) + 𝑓(𝑏)]
𝑎 6
0.95
0.95 − 0.7
𝑰𝟓 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [𝑓(0.7) + 4𝑓 (0.825) + 𝑓(0.95)]
0.7 6
0.25
= [5.51 + 4(5.64) + 5.77] = 𝟒. 𝟐𝟑
6
PARA 𝑰𝟔 :
0.95 + 1.2 1 − 5.77
𝑿𝒎 = = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟕𝟓 𝒎= = −19.08
2 1.2 − 0.95
𝑏 (𝑏 − 𝑎)
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥)ⅆ𝑥 = . [𝑓(𝑎) + 4𝑓 (𝑋𝑚 ) + 𝑓(𝑏)]
𝑎 6
84
1.2
1.2 − 0.95
𝑰𝟔 = ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥)ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [𝑓(0.95) + 4𝑓 (1.075) + 𝑓 (1.2)]
0.95 6
0.25
= [5.77 + 4(3.385) + 1] = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟒𝟔𝟐𝟓
6
Entonces:
1.2
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 ≈ 𝐼1 + 𝐼2 + 𝐼3 + 𝐼4 + 𝐼5 + 𝐼6
0
1.2
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥)ⅆ𝑥 ≈ 0.336 + 0.084 + 0.82 + 0.971 + 4.23 + 0.84625 = 𝟖. 𝟐𝟖𝟕𝟐𝟓
0
GRAFICA 6
8
7 B
6
.I2
.
I4
E .
I5 F
.
5
3 I1 . (0.2; 5.42)
C I3 D
(0.6; 4.855)
(0.825;5.64) .
I6
2
(0.4; 4.1) (1.075; 3.385)
1(0.05; 3.42) G
A0
0
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.95 1.2
85
42
Hallar: ∫0 𝑓(𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥
Se sabe que:
o 𝑃 = {0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42} = 15
Xm 1,5 4,5 7,5 10,5 13,5 16,5 19,5 22,5 25,5 28,5 31,5 34,4 37,5 40,5
F(Xm) 3 6,5 7,5 9 9 7,5 5,5 5 5 4,5 4,5 3 1,5 0,5
o ℎ = 3, por lo tanto:
𝑏−𝑎 42−0
o 𝑛= = = 14
ℎ 3
Aplicando la definición de Simpson:
𝑏 (𝑏−𝑎)
o ∫𝑎 𝑓 (𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 4 ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑓(𝑥𝑚𝑖 ) + 2 ∑𝑛−1
𝑖=1 𝑓𝑥𝑖 +
6𝑛
𝑓(𝑥𝑛 )]
Reemplazando:
42 13 14−1
(42 − 0)
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 = [0 + 4 ∑ 𝑓(𝑥𝑚𝑖 ) + 2 ∑ 𝑓 (𝑥𝑖 ) + 𝑓(𝑥14 )]
0 6 ∗ 14
𝑖=0 𝑖=1
42
1
Á𝑟ⅇ𝑎: ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 = [0 + 4(72) + 2(75) + 0] = 219𝑚2
0 2
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚ⅇ𝑛 𝑎𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥. = Á𝑟ⅇ𝑎 ∗ 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑢𝑛ⅆ𝑖ⅆ𝑎ⅆ = 219 ∗ 2 = 438𝑚3
Puntos 1 2 3 4 5 6
X 500 900 1400 1800 2000 2200
F(x) 9 13,4 18,7 23 25,1 27,2
1800
Hallar: ∫500 𝑓 (𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥
o Hallando I1:
900
900 − 500
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓 (500) + 4𝑓 (700) + 𝑓(900)]
500 6
13,4 − 9 4,4
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑓 (700) → 𝑚 = = = 0,011
900 − 500 400
86
87
4
∫ (2 + 3𝑥 + 4𝑥 2 )ⅆ𝑥 = 1[12 + 4(9) + 78] = 126
−2
𝜋
d) 𝐴2 = ∫0 (sin 𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥
2
𝜋 𝜋
2 𝜋 𝜋
∫ (sin 𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 = 2 [𝑓 (0) + 4𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( )]
0 6 4 2
𝜋
2 𝜋 √2
∫ (sin 𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 = [0 + 4 ( ) + 1] = 1,00228
0 12 2
88
MÉTODO
DE
SIMPSON
DE
3/8
89
EJERCICIOS
4
1) ∫ ⅇ 𝑥 ln 𝑥 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
1
+1
4−1
Hallamos: ℎ= =1 𝑎 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑏
3
𝑥0 = 1 2 3 4 = 𝑥3
reemplazando:
4 4−1
∫ ⅇ 𝑥 ln 𝑥 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 3𝑓 (𝑥1 ) + 3𝑓 (𝑥2 ) + 𝑓(𝑥3 )]
1 8
3
= [𝑓 (1) + 3𝑓 (2) + 3𝑓 (3) + 𝑓 (4)]
8
3
= [0 + 3(5.12170) + 3(22.06622) + 75.68911]
8
= 58.96983
2) 3
∫ (𝑥 2 − ⅇ −𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
1
+2
3
3−1 2
Hallamos: ℎ= = 𝑎 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑏
3 3
𝑥0 = 1 2 3 3 = 𝑥3
reemplazando:
3
3−1
∫ (𝑥 2 − ⅇ −𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 3𝑓 (𝑥1) + 3𝑓 (𝑥2 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥3 )]
1 8
1 5 7
= [𝑓 (1) + 3𝑓 ( ) + 3𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 (3)]
4 3 3
1
= [0.63212 + 3(2.58890) + 3(5.34747) + 8.95021]
4
= 8.34786
90
3) 4 ln √𝑥
∫ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
1 √𝑥 3 + 2
+1
4−1
Hallamos: ℎ= =1 𝑎 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑏
3
𝑥0 = 1 2 3 4 = 𝑥3
reemplazando:
4 ln √𝑥 4−1
∫ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 3𝑓 (𝑥1 ) + 3𝑓 (𝑥2 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥3 )]
1 √𝑥 3 + 2 8
3
= [𝑓 (1) + 3𝑓 (2) + 3𝑓 (3) + 𝑓 (4)]
8
3
= [0 + 3(0.1095) + 3(0.102) + 0.0853]
8
= 0.3599
4) 2.2
∫ 𝑥. ln 𝑥 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
1
+1
2.2−1 2
Hallamos: ℎ= = 𝑎 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑏
3 5
𝑥0 = 1 2 3 2.2 = 𝑥3
reemplazando:
2.2 2.2 − 1
∫ 𝑥. ln 𝑥 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 3𝑓 (𝑥1 ) + 3𝑓 (𝑥2 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥3 )]
1 8
2.2−1 7 9
= [𝑓 (1) + 3𝑓 ( ) + 3𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 (2.2)]
8 5 5
6
= 5
[0 + 3(0.92328) + 3(3.42797) + 8.39549]
8
= 3.217386
91
5) 3 ⅇ𝑥 ⋅ sin 𝑥
∫ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
0 1 + 𝑥2
+1
3−0
Hallamos: ℎ= =1 𝑎 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑏
3
𝑥0 = 0 2 3 3 = 𝑥3
reemplazando:
3 ⅇ𝑥 ⋅ sin 𝑥 3−0
∫ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 3𝑓 (𝑥1 ) + 3𝑓 (𝑥2 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥3 )]
0 1 + 𝑥2 8
3
= [0 + 3(1.14368) + 3(1.34377) + 0.28345]
8
= 2.90468
6) 1
ln(1 + 𝑥 )
∫ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
0 1 + 𝑥2
1
3
1−0 1
Hallamos: ℎ= = 𝑎 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑏
3 3
𝑥0 = 0 2 3 1 = 𝑥3
reemplazando:
1
ln(1 + 𝑥 ) 1−0
∫ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 3𝑓 (𝑥1 ) + 3𝑓 (𝑥2 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥3 )]
0 1 + 𝑥2 8
1−0
= [0 + 3(0.25891) + 3(0.35365) + 0.34657]
8
1
= [2.18425]
8
= 0.27303
92
2
𝑥2
7) ∫ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
1 1 + √𝑥
1
3
2−1 1
Hallamos: ℎ= = 𝑎 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑏
3 3
𝑥0 = 1 2 3 2 = 𝑥3
reemplazando:
2 𝑥2 𝑏−𝑎
∫ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 3𝑓 (𝑥1 ) + 3𝑓 (𝑥2 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥3 )]
1 1 + √𝑥 8
2−1 4 5
= [𝑓 (1) + 3𝑓 ( ) + 3𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 (2)]
8 3 3
1 1
= [ + 3(0.82507) + 3(1.21248) + 1.65685]
8 2
1
= [8.26950]
8
= 1.03369
1 3
8) √𝑥
∫ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
0 sin 𝑥
1
3
1−0 1
Hallamos: ℎ= = 𝑎 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑏
3 3
𝑥0 = 0 2 3 1 = 𝑥3
reemplazando:
1 3
√𝑥 𝑏−𝑎
∫ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 3𝑓 (𝑥1 ) + 3𝑓 (𝑥2 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥3 )]
0 sin 𝑥 8
2−1 1 2
= [𝑓 (0) + 3𝑓 ( ) + 3𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 (1)]
8 3 3
1−0
= [0 + 3(2.11911) + 3(1.41272) + 1.18840]
8
1
= [8.26950]
8
= 1.47299
93
1
9) ∫ (1 + ⅇ 𝑥 ⋅ sin(4𝑥 )) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
0
1
3
1−0 1
Hallamos: ℎ= = 𝑎 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑏
3 3
𝑥0 = 0 2 3 1 = 𝑥3
reemplazando:
1 𝑏−𝑎
∫ (1 + ⅇ 𝑥 ⋅ sin(4𝑥 )) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 3𝑓 (𝑥1) + 3𝑓 (𝑥2 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥3 )]
0 8
1−0 1 2
= [𝑓 (0) + 3𝑓 ( ) + 3𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 (1)]
8 3 3
1−0
= [0 + 3(2.35645) + 3(1.89065) + 1.0572]
8
= 1.58551
10) 1 1 𝑥2
−2
∫ ⋅ⅇ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
−1 √2𝜋
2
3
1−(−1) 2
Hallamos: ℎ= = 𝑎 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑏
3 3
𝑥0 = −1 2 3 1 = 𝑥3
reemplazando:
1 1 𝑥2 1 − (−1)
−2
∫ ⋅ⅇ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 3𝑓 (𝑥1 ) + 3𝑓 (𝑥2 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥3 )]
−1 √2𝜋 8
2
= [0.65774 + 3(0.42173) + 3(0.37738) + 0.24197]
3
= 2.19802
94
11) 4
∫ ln 𝑥 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
2
2
3
4−2 2
Hallamos: ℎ= = 𝑎 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑏
3 3
𝑥0 = 2 2 3 4 = 𝑥3
reemplazando:
4 4−2
∫ ln 𝑥 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 3𝑓 (𝑥1 ) + 3𝑓 (𝑥2 ) + 𝑓(𝑥3 )]
2 8
1
= [0.33302 + 3(0.94356) + 3(1.74521) + 2.66419]
4
= 2.765895
12) 3
∫ ln(𝑥 2 + 4) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
−3
2
3+0
Hallamos: ℎ= =2 𝑎 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑏
3
𝑥0 = −3 2 3 3 = 𝑥3
reemplazando:
4 3+0
∫ ln(𝑥 2 + 4) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 3𝑓 (𝑥1 ) + 3𝑓 (𝑥2 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥3 )]
2 8
1−0
= [𝑓 (3) + 3𝑓 (−1) + 3𝑓 (1) + 𝑓 (3)]
8
1
= [2.56495 + 3(1.60944) + 3(1.60944) + 2.56495]
8
= 11.08091
95
EJERCICIOS
4 𝑏−𝑎 4−1
1) ∫ ⅇ 𝑥 ln 𝑥 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ℎ= = =1
𝑛 3
1
96
4 5 7 8 10 11
𝑎 𝑏
3 3 3 3 3 3
1 𝑦1 𝑧1 2 𝑦2 𝑧2 3 𝑦3 𝑧3 4
𝑥0 h 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3
Hallamos:
𝑥1 − 𝑥0 2 − 1 1
ℎ= = =
3 3 3
Sabiendo que:
𝐵 𝑛 𝑛
𝑏−𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 3 ∑(𝑓 (𝑦𝑖 ) + 𝑓(𝑧𝑖 )) + 2 ∑(𝑓 (𝑥𝑖 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥𝑛 ))]
𝐴 8𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑖=1
Reemplazando:
4
2−1 4 5 7 8 10 11
∫ ⅇ 𝑥 ln 𝑥 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓(1) + 3(𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( ))
1 8(3) 3 3 3 3 3 3
+ 2(𝑓 (2) + 𝑓 (3) + 𝑓(4))]
1
= [0 + 3(1.09137 + 2.70456 + 8.73755 + 14.1160 +
8
33.74931 + 50.82963) + 2(5.12170 + 22.06622 + 75.68911)]
1
= [0 + 3(111.22842) + 2(2718792) + 75.68911]
8
𝑏−𝑎 3−1
2) 3 ℎ= = =1
𝑛 3
∫ (𝑥 2 − ⅇ −𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ; 𝑛 = 2
1
97
4
∫ ⅇ 𝑥 ln 𝑥 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
1
4 5 7 8
𝑎 𝑏
3 3 3 3
1 𝑦1 𝑧1 2 𝑦2 𝑧2 3
𝑥0 h 𝑥1 𝑥2
Hallamos:
𝑥1 − 𝑥0 2 − 1 1
ℎ= = =
3 3 3
Sabiendo que:
𝐵 𝑛 𝑛
𝑏−𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 3 ∑(𝑓 (𝑦𝑖 ) + 𝑓(𝑧𝑖 )) + 2 ∑(𝑓 (𝑥𝑖 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥𝑛 ))]
𝐴 8𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑖=1
Reemplazando:
3
3−1 4 5 7 8
∫ (𝑥2 − ⅇ−𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓 (1) + 3(𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( )) + 2(𝑓(2) + 𝑓(3))]
1 8(3) 3 3 3 3
1
= [0.632312 + 3(1.51418 + 2.58890 + 5.34747 + 7.04163) +
8
2(3.86466 + 8.95021)]
1
= [0.63212 + 49.47654 + 7.72938 + 8.95021]
8
= 8.34853
3
3) ∫ ln(𝑥 2 + 4) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
−2
98
𝒊 𝒙𝒊 𝒇𝒊 𝑎 = −2
0 -3 2.56 𝑏=3
1 -1 1.098 𝑛=3
2 1 1.609
ℎ = 0,333333
3 3 2.56
Sabiendo que:
𝐵 𝑛 𝑛
𝑏−𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 3 ∑(𝑓 (𝑦𝑖 ) + 𝑓(𝑧𝑖 )) + 2 ∑(𝑓 (𝑥𝑖 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥𝑛 ))]
𝐴 8𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑖=1
Reemplazando:
3
3(0.333333)
∫ ln(𝑥2 + 4) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓 (−3) + 3𝑓(−1) + 𝑓 (1) + 𝑓 (3)]
−2 8
3(0.333333)
= [2.56 + 3(1.098) + 3(1.609) + 2.56]
8
= 0.12499 ∗ 13.241
= 1.6549
1
1 −𝑥2
𝑏−𝑎 1−(−1)
4) ∫ ∗ ⅇ 2 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ; 𝑛 = 4 ℎ= = = 0.5
−1 √2𝜋 𝑛 4
−5 −5 −2 −1 1 2 2 5
𝑎 𝑏
6 3 6 6 6 6 3 6
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
𝑥0 h 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥4
Hallamos:
99
𝑥1 − 𝑥0 −1 − (−0.5) −1
ℎ= = =
3 3 6
Sabiendo que:
𝐵 𝑛 𝑛
𝑏−𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 3 ∑(𝑓 (𝑦𝑖 ) + 𝑓(𝑧𝑖 )) + 2 ∑(𝑓 (𝑥𝑖 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥𝑛 ))]
𝐴 8𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑖=1
Reemplazando:
1
1 − (−1) −5 −2 −2 −1 1
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓 (−1) + 3(𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( )
−1 8(4) 6 3 6 6 6
2 2 5
+ 𝑓 ( ) 𝑓 ( ) 𝑓 ( )) + 2(𝑓(−0.5) + 𝑓 (0) + 𝑓(0.5) + 𝑓 (1))]
6 3 6
1
= [0.65774 + 3(0.28191 + 0.31944 + 0.37738 + 0.39343 +
16
0.39343 + 0.37738 + 0.31944 + 0.28191) + 2(0.45206 +
0.35206 + 0.39844) + 0.24197]
1
= [0.89971 + 5.87238 + 2.40612
16
= 0.573638125
𝑏−𝑎 1−0 1
5) ¿ 1 ℎ= = =
𝑛 2 2
∫ (1 + ⅇ −𝑥 ⋅ sin(4𝑥 )) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ; 𝑛 = 2
0
1 1 2 5
𝑎 𝑏
6 3 3 6
𝟏
0 𝑦1 𝑧1 𝑦2 𝑧2 1
𝟐
𝑥0 h 𝑥1 𝑥2
Hallamos:
100
1
𝑥1 − 𝑥0 2 − 0 1
ℎ= = =
3 3 6
Sabiendo que:
𝐵 𝑛 𝑛
𝑏−𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 3 ∑(𝑓 (𝑦𝑖 ) + 𝑓(𝑧𝑖 )) + 2 ∑(𝑓 (𝑥𝑖 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥𝑛 ))]
𝐴 8𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑖=1
Reemplazando:
1
1−0 1 1 2 5 1
∫ 𝑓(𝑥) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓 (0) + 3(𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( )) + 2(𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 (1))]
0 8(2) 6 3 3 6 2
1
= [1 + 3(1.52344 + 1.696442 + 0.91718 + 1.23477) +
16
2(1.55152) + 0.72159]
= 1.30875
𝑏−𝑎 3−0
6) 3 ⅇ𝑥⋅ sin 𝑥 ℎ= = =1
𝑛 3
∫ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ; 𝑛 = 3
0 1 + 𝑥2
𝑃 = {0,1,2,3}
ⅇ 0 ⋅ sin(0)
𝑓(𝑥1) = =0
1 + 02
ⅇ 1 ⋅ sin(1)
𝑓(𝑥2 ) = = 1.14368
1 + 12
ⅇ 2 ⋅ sin(2)
𝑓(𝑥3 ) = = 1.34377
1 + 22
101
ⅇ 3 ⋅ sin(3)
𝑓(𝑥4 ) = = 0.28345
1 + 32
Sabiendo que:
𝐵 𝑛 𝑛
𝑏−𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 3 ∑(𝑓 (𝑦𝑖 ) + 𝑓(𝑧𝑖 )) + 2 ∑(𝑓 (𝑥𝑖 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥𝑛 ))]
𝐴 8𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑖=1
Reemplazando:
3
3
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = [0 + 3(1.14368) + 3(1.34377) + 0.28345]
0 8
3
= [7.7456]
8
= 2.90468
𝑏−𝑎 6+3
7) 6 ℎ= = = 1.8
3 5) 𝑛 5
∫ (1 − 𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 𝑥 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ; 𝑛 = 5
−3
𝒏 𝒙𝒊 𝒇(𝒙)
0 -3 139
1 -1.2 -2.22368
2 0.6 1.34176
3 2.4 133.52224
4 4.2 1600.06432
5 6 8635
102
xi − xi−1
Hallando yi , zi con:
3
Sabiendo que:
𝐵 𝑛 𝑛
𝑏−𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 3 ∑(𝑓 (𝑦𝑖 ) + 𝑓(𝑧𝑖 )) + 2 ∑(𝑓 (𝑥𝑖 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥𝑛 ))]
𝐴 8𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑖=1
Reemplazando:
6
6−3
∫ (1 − 𝑥 + 4𝑥 3 + 𝑥 5 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = [139 + 3(9222.736) + 2(1732.70464) + 8635]
−3 8∗5
6
∫ (1 − 𝑥 + 4𝑥 3 + 𝑥 5 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = 8979.21389
−3
103
4 𝑏−𝑎 6+3
8) ∫ ln 𝑥 3 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ; 𝑛 = 4 ℎ= = = 0.4
𝑛 4
2
𝒏 𝒙𝒊 𝒇(𝒙)
0 2 0.33303
1 2.5 0.76931
2 3 1.32597
3 3.5 1.96611
4 4 2.6642
xi − xi−1
Hallando yi , zi con:
3
Si x0 = 2 y x1 = 2,5; entonces y0 = 13/6 y z0 = 7/3
Luego: f(y0 ) = 0,46223; f(z0 ) = 0,60829
Si x1 = 2,5 y x2 = 3; entonces y1 = 8/3 y z0 = 17/6
Luego: f(y1) = 0,94358; f(z1 ) = 1,12959
Si x2 = 3 y x3 = 3,5; entonces y2 = 19/6 y z2 = 10/3
Luego: f(y2 ) = 1,53153; f(z2 ) = 1,74522
Si x3 = 3,5 y x4 = 4; entonces y3 = 11/3 y z3 = 23/6
Luego: f(y3 ) = 2,19337; f(z3 ) = 2,42628
Sabiendo que:
𝐵 𝑛 𝑛
𝑏−𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 3 ∑(𝑓 (𝑦𝑖 ) + 𝑓(𝑧𝑖 )) + 2 ∑(𝑓 (𝑥𝑖 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥𝑛 ))]
𝐴 8𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑖=1
104
Reemplazando:
4 4−2
∫ ln 𝑥 3 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = [0.33303 + 3(11.04009) + 2(4.06139) + 2.6642]
2 8∗4
4
∫ ln 𝑥 3 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = 2.76502
2
3
ⅇ 𝑥 ⋅ sin 𝑥 𝑏−𝑎 3−0
9) ∫ 2 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ; 𝑛 = 3 ℎ= = =1
0 1 + 𝑥 𝑛 3
1 2 4 5 7 8
𝑎 𝑏
3 3 3 3 3 3
0 𝑦1 𝑧1 1 𝑦2 𝑧2 2 𝑦3 𝑧3 3
𝑥0 h 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3
Hallamos:
𝑥1 − 𝑥0 2 − 1 1
ℎ= = =
3 3 3
Sabiendo que:
𝐵 𝑛 𝑛
𝑏−𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 3 ∑(𝑓 (𝑦𝑖 ) + 𝑓(𝑧𝑖 )) + 2 ∑(𝑓 (𝑥𝑖 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥𝑛 ))]
𝐴 8𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑖=1
Reemplazando:
105
3
3−0 1 2 4 5 7 8
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓(0) + 3(𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( )) + 2(𝑓(1)
0 8(3) 3 3 3 3 3 3
+ 𝑓 (2) + 𝑓(2))]
1
= [0 + 3(0.00731 + 0.01569) + (0.03178 + 0.04076) +
8
(0.06515 + 0.08255) + 2(0.02372 + 0.05157) + 0.10512]
1
= [0 + 3(0.0230 + 0.07254 + 0.1477) + 2(0.07529) + 0.10512]
8
1
= (0.98542)
8
= 0.12318
4
10) ∫ √1 + 𝑥 5 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ; 𝑛 = 2
1 𝑏−𝑎 4−1
ℎ= = = 1.5
𝑛 2
𝒏 𝒙𝒊 𝒇(𝒙)
0 1 1.412
1 2.5 2.69
2 4 4.12
3 5.5 5.59
Sabiendo que:
𝐵 𝑛 𝑛
𝑏−𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 3 ∑(𝑓 (𝑦𝑖 ) + 𝑓(𝑧𝑖 )) + 2 ∑(𝑓 (𝑥𝑖 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥𝑛 ))]
𝐴 8𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑖=1
Reemplazando:
4 3(1.5)
∫ √1 + 𝑥 5 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = [1.412 + 3(2.69) + 3(4.12) + 5.59]
1 8
106
4
∫ √1 + 𝑥 5 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = 0.5629 ∗ 27.432
1
4
∫ √1 + 𝑥 5 ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = 15.441
1
𝑏−𝑎 2−1 1
11) 2 𝑥2 ℎ= = =
𝑛 2 2
∫ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ; 𝑛 = 2
1 1 + √𝑥
7 8 10 11
𝑎 𝑏
6 6 6 6
1 𝑦1 𝑧1 1.5 𝑦2 𝑧2 2
𝑥0 h 𝑥1 𝑥2
Hallamos:
1
𝑥1 − 𝑥0 2 − 0 1
ℎ= = =
3 3 6
Sabiendo que:
𝐵 𝑛 𝑛
𝑏−𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 3 ∑(𝑓 (𝑦𝑖 ) + 𝑓(𝑧𝑖 )) + 2 ∑(𝑓 (𝑥𝑖 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥𝑛 ))]
𝐴 8𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑖=1
107
Reemplazando:
2
𝑥2 2−1
∫ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓(𝑥0 ) + 3(𝑓(𝑦1 ) + 𝑓 (𝑧1 ) + 𝑓 (𝑦2 ) + 𝑓 (𝑧2 )) + 2(𝑓 (𝑥1 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥2 ))]
1 1 + √𝑥 8(2)
1
= [0.5 + 3(0.65434 + 0.82507 + 1.21248 + 1.42782) +
16
2(1.01135) + 1.65685]
= 1.03367
3
𝑥 𝑏−𝑎 3−2 1
12) ∫ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ; 𝑛 = 3 ℎ= = =
2 𝑥2 − 1 𝑛 3 3
19 20 22 23 25 26
𝑎 𝑏
9 9 9 9 9 9
7 8
2 𝑦1 𝑧1 𝑦2 𝑧2 𝑦3 𝑧3 3
3 7
𝑥0 h 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3
Hallamos:
𝑥1 − 𝑥0 1
ℎ= =
3 9
Sabiendo que:
𝐵 𝑛 𝑛
𝑏−𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 3 ∑(𝑓 (𝑦𝑖 ) + 𝑓(𝑧𝑖 )) + 2 ∑(𝑓 (𝑥𝑖 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥𝑛 ))]
𝐴 8𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑖=1
108
Reemplazando:
3
3−2 19 20 22 23 25 26
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓(2) + 3(𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( ))
2 8(3) 9 9 9 9 9 9
7 8
+ 2(𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 (3))]
3 7
1 171 180 198 207 225 234 21 56 3
= [0 + 3 ( + + + + + )+ 2( + )+ ]
24 280 319 403 448 544 595 40 15 8
= 0.76516
1
1 𝑏−𝑎 2 1
13) ∫ ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 ; 𝑛 = 6 ℎ= = =
−1 √2𝜋 𝑛 6 3
−8 −7 −5 −4 −2 −1 1 2 4 5 7 8
𝑎 𝑏
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
−2 −1 1 2
-1 𝑦1 𝑧1 𝑦2 𝑧2 𝑦3 𝑧3 0 𝑦4 𝑧4 𝑦5 𝑧5 𝑦6 𝑧6 1
3 3 3 3
h
𝑥0 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥4 𝑥5 𝑥6
Hallamos:
𝑥1 − 𝑥0 1
ℎ= =−
3 9
Sabiendo que:
𝐵 𝑛 𝑛
𝑏−𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 3 ∑(𝑓 (𝑦𝑖 ) + 𝑓(𝑧𝑖 )) + 2 ∑(𝑓 (𝑥𝑖 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥𝑛 ))]
𝐴 8𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑖=1
109
Reemplazando:
1
1 − (−1) −8 −7 −5 −4 −2
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓 (−1) + 3(𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( )
−1 8(6) 9 9 9 9 9
−1 1 2 4 5 7 7 −2
+ 𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( )) + 2(𝑓 ( )
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3
−1 1 2
+ 𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 (0) + 𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 (1))]
3 3 3
1
= [0.24197 + 3(0.26874 + 0.29481 + 0.34189 + 0.36142 +
24
0.38921 + 0.39648 + 0.39648 + 0.38921 + 0.36142 + 0.34189 +
0.29481 + 0.26874) + 2(0.31944 + 0.37738 + 0.37738 +
0.31944 + 0.39894) + 0.24197]
1
=
24
[0.48394 + 3(4.1051) + 2(1.79258)]
= 0.68268
14) 1.2
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
0
Analizando tenemos:
[0; 0.10] = 𝑚ⅇ𝑡𝑜ⅆ𝑜 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑝ⅇ𝑐𝑖𝑜
3
[0.10; 0.70] = 𝑀
8
1
[0.70; 1.20] = 𝑀
3
110
0.70−0.10 1
𝑎 = 0.10 𝑏 = 0.70 ℎ= =
3 3
𝑃 = {0.10; 0.30; 0.5; 0.1}
1.20
1.20 − 0.70
∫ 𝑓(𝑥 ) ⅆ𝑥 = [0.70 + 4(0.95) + 1.20]
0.70 6
1
= [5.51 + 4(5.77) + 1] = 2.46583
12
15) 3.25
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
0
111
Analizando tenemos:
1
[−1,0] = 𝑀
3
[0,1] = 𝑚ⅇ𝑡𝑜ⅆ𝑜 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑝ⅇ𝑐𝑖𝑜
3
[1,2.25] = 𝑀
8
𝟏
Método :
𝟑
0
0+1
∫ 𝑓(𝑥 ) ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓 (−1) + 4𝑓 (−0.5) + 𝑓 (0)]
−1 6
1
= [2 + 4(−3) + 1.5] = −1.41667
6
Método de trapecio:
1
𝑓(1) + 𝑓 (0) 1.5 + (−1)
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⅆ𝑥 = (1 − 0) [ ] = 1[ ] = 0.25
0 2 2
𝟐
Método :
𝟖
3.25 3.25 − 1
∫ 𝑓(𝑥 ) ⅆ𝑥 = [−1 + 3(0.5) + 3(0.75) + (−2)]
1 8
2.25
= [0.75] = 0.21094
8
0 1 3.25
= ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⅆ𝑥 + ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⅆ𝑥 + ∫ 𝑓(𝑥 ) ⅆ𝑥
−1 0 1
112
16) 4.25
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
−3
Primera parte:
Reemplazamos:
𝑏
𝑏−𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 3𝑓 (𝑥1 ) + 3𝑓 (𝑥2 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥3 )]
𝑎 8
0 0 − (−3)
∫ 𝑓(𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓 (−3) + 3𝑓 (−2) + 3𝑓 (−1) + 𝑓 (0)]
−3 8
3
= [4.1 + 3(2.5) + 3(0.3) + (−0.4)]
8
= 4.5375
Segunda parte:
Reemplazamos:
1.5 1.5 − 0
∫ 𝑓(𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓 (0) + 3𝑓 (0.5) + 3𝑓 (1) + 𝑓 (1.5)]
0 8
1.5
= [−0.4 + 3(1) + 3(−3.6) + (0)]
8
= −1.5375
113
Tercera parte:
Reemplazamos:
𝑏 𝑏−𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓 (𝑎) + 4𝑓 (𝑥𝑚 ) + 𝑓 (𝑏)]
𝑎 6
= 7.55
0 1.5 4.5
= ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⅆ𝑥 + ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⅆ𝑥 + ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⅆ𝑥
−3 0 1.5
17) 4.25
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥
−3
Primera parte:
Reemplazamos:
114
−1 1
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = (𝑏 − 𝑎)[𝑓 (𝑎) + 𝑓(𝑏)]
−4 2
1
= (5)(−5)
2
= −16.5
Segunda parte:
Reemplazamos:
Tercera parte:
Reemplazamos:
2.5 3(0.5)
∫ 𝑓(𝑥 ) ⋅ ⅆ𝑥 = [2.5 + 3(−5) + 3(−1) + 6]
1 8
= 0.1875[2.5 + (−15) + (−3) + 6]
= 0.1875(−9.5)
= −1.7812
−1 1 2.5
=∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⅆ𝑥 + ∫ 𝑓(𝑥 ) ⅆ𝑥 + ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ⅆ𝑥
−4 −1 1
115
EJERCICIOS
DE
RECUPERACIÓN
116
EJERCICIOS
a. Aproximar el área 𝐴1, bajo la curva de la función dada por la siguiente tabla, en el
intervalo 𝑎 = 500; 𝑏 = 1800.
1800
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ). ⅆ𝑥
500
PUNTOS 0 1 2 3 4 5
SOLUCIÓN:
900
𝑏−𝑎 900 − 500
𝑰𝟏 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓(𝑏) + 𝑓 (𝑎)] = [9 + 13.4] = 4480
500 2 2
1400
𝑏−𝑎 1400 − 900
𝑰𝟐 = ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 = [𝑓 (𝑏) + 𝑓 (𝑎)] = [13.4 + 18.7]
900 2 2
= 8025
117
I3
GRÁFICA
I2
I1
ESCALA
b. Aproxime:
5 𝑏−𝑎 5−2
𝑨𝟐 = ∫ (2 + 3𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 ≃ [𝑓 (𝑏) + 𝑓 (𝑎)] = (17 + 8) = 37.5
2 2 2
𝒇(𝒙) = (𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙)
𝒇(𝒂) = [𝟐 + 𝟑(𝟐)] = 𝟖 a= 2
𝒇(𝒃) = [𝟐 + 𝟑(𝟓)] = 𝟏𝟕 b= 5
GRÁFICA
118
c. Aproximar:
4 𝑏−𝑎 4 − (−2)
𝑨𝟑 = ∫ (1 + 2 + 3𝑥 2 ) ⅆ𝑥 ≃ [𝑓 (𝑏) + 𝑓 (𝑎)] = (9 + 57)
−2 2 2
= 198
𝒇(𝒙) = (𝟏 + 𝟐 + 3𝑥 2 )
𝒇(𝒂) = [𝟏 + 𝟐(−𝟐) + 𝟑(−𝟐𝟐 )] = 𝟗 a= -2
𝒇(𝒃) = [𝟏 + 𝟐(𝟒) + 𝟑(𝟒𝟐 )] = 𝟓𝟕 b= 4
GRÁFICA
119
d. Aproximar:
𝜋 𝜋
2 𝑏−𝑎 −0 𝜋
𝑨𝟑 = ∫ 𝑠ⅇ𝑛𝑥 ⅆ𝑥 ≃ [𝑓 (𝑏) + 𝑓 (𝑎)] = 2 (0 + 1) = = 0,785398
0 2 2 4
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒔ⅇ𝒏 𝒙
𝒇(𝒂) = 𝒔ⅇ𝒏(𝟎) = 𝟎 a= 0
𝝅 𝝅
𝒇(𝒃) = 𝒔ⅇ𝒏 ( ) = 𝟏 b=
𝟐 𝟐
GRÁFICA
2. Usar la regla del trapecio compuesto para aproximar el área bajo la curva de la función
dada en el intervalo [−1; 4].
4
𝐴 = ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ). ⅆ𝑥
−1
PUNTOS 0 1 2 3 4 5
X -1 0 1 2 3 4
F(X) 8 10 10 20 76 238
120
SOLUCIÓN:
𝑿𝟎 𝑿𝟏 𝑿𝟐 𝑿𝟑 𝑿𝟒 𝑿𝟓
𝒂 = −𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒=𝒃
Entonces:
𝟒 𝒏−𝟏
𝒃−𝒂
∫ 𝒇(𝒙)ⅆ𝒙 ≈ ⟦𝒇(𝒙𝟎 ) + 𝟐 ∑ 𝒇(𝒙𝒊 ) + 𝒇(𝒙𝒏 )⟧
−𝟏 𝟐𝒏
𝒊−𝟏
b=4
a = -1
4
𝑏−𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ). ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [𝑓(𝑥0 ) + 2 𝑓 (𝑥1) + 2 𝑓 (𝑥2 ) + 2 𝑓 (𝑥3 ) + 2 𝑓 (𝑥4 )
−1 2
+ 𝑓(𝑥5 )]
4 4 − (−1)
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ). ⅆ𝑥 ≈ [8 + 2(10) + 2(10) + 2(20) + 2(76) + 238]
−1 2(5)
4 1
∫ 𝑓(𝑥 ). ⅆ𝑥 ≈ (478) = 239
−1 2
A≈ 𝟐𝟑𝟗
121
a. Resolver la integral
2.5
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ). ⅆ𝑥
−4
X -4 -1 0 1 1.5 2 2.5
F(x) -8 -3 1 2.5 -5 -1 6
SOLUCIÓN:
−1
𝑏−𝑎 −1 − (−4)
𝑰𝟏 = ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 ≃ [𝑓 (𝑏) + 𝑓 (𝑎)] = [−8 − 3] = −16.5
−4 2 2
b=4
a = -1
𝑥𝑝 0
𝑰𝟐 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 + ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ). ⅆ𝑥
−1 𝑥𝑝
−1/4
𝑏−𝑎
Pendiente de la recta: puntos (-1; -3), ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 ≃ [𝑓 (𝑏) + 𝑓 (𝑎)]
(0;1) −1 2
𝑦2 − 𝑦1 1
𝑚= − − (−1)
𝑥2 − 𝑥1
≃ 4 [0 + (−3)] = −1.125
2
1 − (−3)
𝑚= =4
0 − (−1)
0
𝑏−𝑎
Punto en el eje x de la recta ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 ≃ [𝑓 (𝑏) + 𝑓(𝑎)]
(𝑥𝑝 ; 0) −1/4 2
𝑦 − 𝑦0 = 𝑚(𝑥𝑝 − 𝑥0)
0 − (−1/4)
≃ [1 + 0] = 0.125
𝑦 − 1 = 4(𝑥𝑝 − 0) 2
𝑦 = 4𝑥𝑝 + 1
0 = 4𝑥𝑝 + 1
1
𝑥𝑝 = −
4
𝑦=0
122
−1/4 0 1
𝑰𝟐 = ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥)ⅆ𝑥 + ∫ 𝑓(𝑥). ⅆ𝑥 𝑏−𝑎
𝑰𝟑 = ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 ≃ [𝑓 (𝑏) + 𝑓 (𝑎)]
−1 −1/4
0 2
1−0
= [2.5 + 1] = 1.75
𝑰𝟐 ≃ −1.125 + 0.125 2
𝐼2 ≃ −1
a=1
b=0
𝑥𝑞 1.5
𝑰𝟒 = ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 + ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ). ⅆ𝑥
1 𝑥𝑞
17.5/15 𝑏−𝑎
Pendiente de la recta: puntos (1; 2.5), (1.5; -5) ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 ≃ [𝑓 (𝑏) + 𝑓 (𝑎)]
1 2
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝑚= 17.5
𝑥2 − 𝑥1 −1
−5 − 2.5 ≃ 15 [0 + 2.5] = 5/24
𝑚= = −15 2
1.5 − 1
Punto en el eje x de la recta 1.5
(𝑥𝑟 ; 0) 𝑏−𝑎
∫ 𝑓(𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 ≃ [𝑓 (𝑏) + 𝑓 (𝑎)]
15.5/15 2
𝑦 − 𝑦0 = 𝑚(𝑥𝑞 − 𝑥0 )
17.5
1.5 − ( )
𝑦 − 2.5 = −15(𝑥𝑞 − 1) ≃ 15 (−5 + 0) = −5/6
2
𝑦 − 2.5 = −15𝑥𝑞 + 15
0 = −15𝑥𝑞 + 17.5
17.5
= 𝑥𝑞
15
𝑦=0
123
17.5/15 1.5
𝑰𝟒 = ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 + ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ). ⅆ𝑥
1 17.5/15
5 5
𝑰𝟒 ≃ −( )
24 6
𝐼4 ≃ −0.625
2 𝑏−𝑎 2 − 1.5
𝑰𝟓 = ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 ≃ [𝑓 (𝑏) + 𝑓(𝑎)] = [−1 + (−5)] = −1.5
1.5 2 2
a = 1.5
b= 2
𝑥𝑟 2.5
𝑰𝟔 = ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 + ∫ 𝑓(𝑥 ). ⅆ𝑥
2 𝑥𝑟
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝑚= 29/14 𝑏−𝑎
𝑥2 − 𝑥1 ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 ≃ [𝑓 (𝑏) + 𝑓 (𝑎)]
6 − (−1) 2 2
𝑚= = 14
2.5 − 2
29
−2
Punto en el eje x de la recta ≃ 14 [0 − 1] = −1/28
(𝑥𝑟 ; 0) 2
𝑦 − 𝑦0 = 𝑚(𝑥𝑟 − 𝑥0 )
124
29/14 2.5
𝑰𝟔 = ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 + ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ). ⅆ𝑥
2 29/14
1 9
𝑰𝟔 ≃ − +
28 7
𝐼6 ≃ 1.25
GRÁFICA
125
a. Resolver la integral
3.25
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ). ⅆ𝑥
−1
SOLUCIÓN:
𝑋 −0.5
𝑰𝟏 = ∫−1𝑝 𝑓 (𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 + ∫𝑋 𝑓 (𝑥 ). ⅆ𝑥
𝑝
−3 − 2 8
− +1 1
𝑚=
−0.5 + 1
= −10 ≃ 2 [0 + 2] = − = 0.2
2 5
Punto en el eje x de la recta
(𝑥𝑝 ; 0) −0.5
𝑏−𝑎
𝑦 − 𝑦0 = 𝑚(𝑥𝑝 − 𝑥0 ) ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 ≃ [𝑓 (𝑏) + 𝑓 (𝑎)]
−8/10 2
𝑦 − 2 = −10(𝑥𝑝 + 1) 8
𝑦 = −10𝑥𝑝 − 8 0.5 +
≃ 10 [−3 + 0 ] = −0.45
0 = −10𝑥𝑝 − 8 2
8
𝑥𝑝 = −
10
𝑦=0
126
−8/10 −0.5
𝑰𝟏 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 + ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ). ⅆ𝑥
−1 −8/10
𝑰𝟏 ≃ 0.2 + (−0,45)
𝐼1 ≃ −0.25
𝑋𝑞 0
𝑰𝟐 = ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 + ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ). ⅆ𝑥
−0.5 𝑋𝑞
127
−1.5/9 0
𝑰𝟐 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 + ∫ 𝑓(𝑥 ). ⅆ𝑥
−0.5 −1.5/9
1 1
𝑰𝟐 ≃ − +
2 8
𝐼2 ≃ −0.375
𝑋𝑟 1
𝑰𝟑 = ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 + ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ). ⅆ𝑥
0 𝑋𝑟
−1 − 1.5 0.6 − 0
≃ [0 + 1.5] = 0.45
𝑚= = −2.5 2
1−0
Punto en el eje x de la recta 1
(𝑥𝑟 ; 0) 𝑏−𝑎
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 ≃ [𝑓 (𝑏) + 𝑓 (𝑎)]
𝑦 − 𝑦0 = 𝑚(𝑥𝑝 − 𝑥0 ) 0.6 2
1 − 0.6
𝑦 − 1.5 = −2.5(𝑥𝑟 − 0) ≃ [−1 + 0 ] = −0.2
𝑦 = −2.5𝑥𝑟 + 1.5 2
0 = −2.5𝑥𝑟 + 1.5
𝑥𝑟 = 0.6
𝑦=0
128
0.6 1
𝑰𝟑 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 + ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ). ⅆ𝑥
0 0.6
𝑰𝟑 ≃ 0.45 + (−0,2)
𝑰𝟑 ≃ −0.25
𝑋𝑠 1.75
𝑰𝟒 = ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 + ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ). ⅆ𝑥
1 𝑋𝑠
0.5 − (−1) 3
−1
𝑚=
1.75 − 1
=2 ≃2 [0 + (−1)] = −0.25
2
Punto en el eje x de la recta
(𝑥𝑠 ; 0) 1.75
𝑏−𝑎
𝑦 − 𝑦0 = 𝑚(𝑥𝑠 − 𝑥0 ) ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 ≃ [𝑓 (𝑏) + 𝑓 (𝑎)]
3/2 2
𝑦 − 0.5 = 2(𝑥𝑠 − 1.75) 3
𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑠 − 3.5 + 0.5 1.75 −
≃ 2 [0.5 + 0 ] = 0.0625
0 = 2𝑥𝑠 − 3 2
3
𝑥𝑠 =
2
𝑦=0
129
3/2 1.75
𝑰𝟒 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 + ∫ 𝑓(𝑥 ). ⅆ𝑥
1 3/2
𝑰𝟒 ≃ −0.25 + 0.0625
𝐼4 ≃ −0.1875
2.5
𝑏−𝑎 2.5 − 1.75
𝑰𝟓 = ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 ≃ [𝑓 (𝑏) + 𝑓 (𝑎)] = [0.5 + 0.75]
1.75 2 2
= 0,468775
a = 1.75
b=2.5
f(b)=0.75
f(a)=0.5
𝑋𝑡 3.25
𝑰𝟔 = ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 + ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ). ⅆ𝑥
2.5 𝑋𝑡
130
−2 − 0.75 119
− 2.5 27
𝑚= = −11/3 ≃ 44 [0 + 0.75] =
3.25 − 2.5 2 352
Punto en el eje x de la recta
(𝑥𝑡 ; 0) 3.25
𝑏−𝑎
𝑦 − 𝑦0 = 𝑚(𝑥𝑡 − 𝑥0 ) ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 ≃ [𝑓 (𝑏) + 𝑓 (𝑎)]
119/44 2
𝑦 − (−2) = 11/3(𝑥𝑡 − 3.25)
119
11 143 3.25 −
𝑦 = − 𝑋𝑡 + −2 ≃ 44 [−2 + 0 ] = −6/11
3 12 2
11 114
𝑦=− 𝑥𝑡 +
3 12
11 119
0=− 𝑥𝑡 +
3 12
119
𝑥𝑡 =
44
𝑦=0
119/44 3.25
𝑰𝟔 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 + ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ). ⅆ𝑥
2.5 119/44
27 6
𝑰𝟔 ≃ + (− )
352 11
𝐼6 ≃ −0.46875
131
GRÁFICA
b. Resolver la integral
4.5
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ). ⅆ𝑥
−3
SOLUCIÓN:
Hallando I1:
132
−2
4,1 + 2,5
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥). ⅆ𝑥 = (−2 + 3) [ ] = 3,3
−3 2
Hallando I2:
−1
2,5 + 0,3
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥). ⅆ𝑥 = (−1 + 2) [ ] = 1,4
−2 2
Hallando I3:
Pendiente:
−0,4 − 0,3
𝑚= = −0,7
0+1
Ecuación de la recta:
𝑌 − 0.3 = −0,7 (𝑋 + 1)
0,4 4
𝑋= =−
−0,7 7
Reemplazando:
−4/7
0,3 + 0
𝑎. ) ∫ 𝑓(𝑥). ⅆ𝑥 = (−4/7 + 1) [ ] = 9/140
−1 2
0
0 − 0,4
𝑏. ) ∫ 𝑓(𝑥). ⅆ𝑥 = (0 + 4/7) [ ] = −4/35
−4/7 2
9 4
Por lo tanto: 𝐼3 = 𝑎. + 𝑏. = − = -0.05
140 35
Hallando I4:
0,5
−0,4 − 1
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥). ⅆ𝑥 = (0,5 − 0) [ ] = −0,35
0 2
Hallando I5:
1
−1 − 3,6
∫ 𝑓(𝑥). ⅆ𝑥 = (1 − 0,5) [ ] = −1,15
0,5 2
133
Hallando I6:
1,5
−3,6 + 0
∫ 𝑓(𝑥). ⅆ𝑥 = (1,5 − 1) [ ] = −0,9
1 2
Hallando I7:
3
0 + 2,3
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥). ⅆ𝑥 = (3 − 1,5) [ ] = 1,725
1,5 2
Hallando I8:
4,5
2,3 + 5,9
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥). ⅆ𝑥 = (4,5 − 3) [ ] = 6,15
3 2
GRÁFICA:
134
c. Resolver la integral
2.5
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ). ⅆ𝑥
−4
SOLUCIÓN:
Hallando 𝑰𝟏 :
0.1
𝑏−𝑎 0.1 − 0
𝑰𝟏 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 ≃ [𝑓 (𝑏) + 𝑓 (𝑎)] = [6.84 + 0] = 0.342
0 2 2
𝒂 = 𝟎 → 𝒇(𝒂) = 𝟎
𝒃 = 𝟎. 𝟏 → 𝒇(𝒃) = 𝟔. 𝟖𝟒
Hallando 𝑰𝟐 :
0.3
𝑏−𝑎 0.3 − 0.1
𝑰𝟐 = ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 ≃ [𝑓 (𝑏) + 𝑓 (𝑎)] = [4 + 6.84] = 1.084
0.1 2 2
𝒂 = 𝟎. 𝟏 → 𝒇(𝒂) = 𝟔. 𝟖𝟒
𝒃 = 𝟎. 𝟑 → 𝒇(𝒃) = 𝟒
Hallando 𝑰𝟑 :
0.5
𝑏−𝑎 0.5 − 0.3
𝑰𝟑 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 ≃ [𝑓 (𝑏) + 𝑓 (𝑎)] = [4.2 + 4] = 0.82
0.3 2 2
𝒂 = 𝟎. 𝟑 → 𝒇(𝒂) = 𝟒
𝒃 = 𝟎. 𝟓 → 𝒇(𝒃) = 𝟒. 𝟐
135
Hallando 𝑰𝟒 :
0.7
𝑏−𝑎 0.7 − 0.5
𝑰𝟒 = ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 ≃ [𝑓 (𝑏) + 𝑓(𝑎)] = [5.51 + 4.2] = 0.971
0.5 2 2
𝒂 = 𝟎. 𝟓 → 𝒇(𝒂) = 𝟒. 𝟐
𝒃 = 𝟎. 𝟕 → 𝒇(𝒃) = 𝟓. 𝟓𝟏
Hallando 𝑰𝟓 :
𝒂 = 𝟎. 𝟕 → 𝒇(𝒂) = 𝟓. 𝟓𝟏
𝒃 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟓 → 𝒇(𝒃) = 𝟓. 𝟕𝟕
Hallando 𝑰𝟔 :
𝒂 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟓 → 𝒇(𝒂) = 𝟓, 𝟕𝟕
𝒃 = 𝟏. 𝟐 → 𝒇(𝒃) = 𝟏
Entonces:
2.5
𝑰 = ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )ⅆ𝑥 ≃ 5.47325
−4
136
GRÁFICA
137