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SUSTRAYENDO PROPIEDADES:
SUSTRACCION:
1. M + S + D = 2M
M - S = D 2. SI abc n
cba n
xyz n
MINUENDO DIFERENCIA - y = (n-1)
- x + z = (n-1)
- a–c=x+1
- D = 0,1,2,…;(n-1)
1. EN BASE 10: CALCULE 723 – 358 2. EN BASE≠ 10: CALCULE 5238 - 1578
723
5238 1. 11 -7 = 4
- 358 1578 2. 9 – 5 = 4
365 3448 3. 4 – 1 = 3
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PROBLEMAS DE APLICACIÓN:
2. ENTONCES:
3mn
Base 10 n–1=9 m 3 9 6
= x + 2 = (n – 1) z=9–3
z=6 n Calcule el máximo valor de m + n + b
m+n+b
9 + 6 + 9 = 24
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SUMA Y RESTA:
1. – 1 – 5 + 8 – 4
a) -1 b) 0 c) 1 d) -2 e) ninguno
a) 15 b) 16 c) 13 d) 14 e) ninguno
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) ninguno
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multiplicando
MULTIPLICACION:
producto
M * m = P
multiplicador
7 2 8 * 4 6 2 = 336.336
728
* 462
1456
4368
2912
336336
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DIVISION: divisor
Dividendo
D d
r q
residuo cociente
Clases de división:
1. Exacta r = 0 Propiedades div. Inexacta:
1. 0 < r < d
2. Inexacta r ≠ 0 ( residuo mínimo = 1 ; residuo Max = d – 1
nr q
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MULTIPLICACION Y DIVISION:
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1.2 MAXIMO COMUN DIVISOR Y MINIMO COMUN MULTIPLO:
12 45 12 2 45 5
m.c.m. = 2^2 . 3^2 . 5^1
6 2 9 3
=4*9*5
3 3 3 3
= 180
1 1
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1.3. OPERACIONES FUNDAMENTALES EN Q:
• ADICION:
- Con igual denominador - Con diferentes denominadores:
a c a + c a c a*d + c*b
+ = + =
b b b b d b*d
• SUSTRACCION:
a c a - c a c a*d - c*b
- = - =
b b b b d b*d
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• MULTIPLICACION:
a c a * c
* =
b d b*d
• DIVISION: a
a c b a * d
/ = =
b d c b*c
d
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1.4 POTENCIACION (propiedades)
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1.4 RADIACION (propiedades)
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PROBLEMAS EXTRAS:
3. (2/3)^-2 - (1/2)^ -3
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